Unit 4 Inventions【B卷·培优卷】-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练（广州专用，沪教牛津版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Inventions（B卷·培优卷） （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 第1部分 选择题部分 1、 语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、 C和D项中选出最佳选项。 The world’s population is still going up and scientists are 1 that there will not be enough food for everybody in the middle of this century. One plant from Madagascar, the Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, may 2 . It absorbs (吸收) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) at night and it needs 10 times 3 water than corn and similar plants. This means it can grow in the desert. It is dangerous 4 this plant, but scientists can study two things: 5 it absorbs carbon dioxide at night when 6 plants only do this 7 the day, and why it is so good at living in the desert. There will be less land for growing food in the future. Deserts are growing as Earth’s climate gets warmer. 8 food in deserts will be more and more important. There are two 9 directions for further research. 10 growing a desert plant to eat will be difficult, it isn’t impossible. One way is to use the genes (基因) from this plant and put 11 into plants we eat, like beans or cereals. The other direction is to grow this type of plant for fuel (燃料). 12 the moment, people are asking why good land 13 to grow plants for fuel and not for food. If we use desert land, we 14 this problem in a way. The world’s climate is changing and the population is still increasing, but one strange plant could be 15 answer to our future food or energy needs. 1．A．worry B．worries C．worried D．to worry 2．A．helps B．help C．helping D．helped 3．A．least B．little C．less D．the least 4．A．to eat B．eating C．eat D．ate 5．A．what B．when C．that D．how 6．A．others B．other C．another D．the others 7．A．in B．at C．during D．on 8．A．Growing B．Grow C．To growing D．Grew 9．A．possible B．possibly C．impossible D．possibility 10．A．Because B．If C．When D．Although 11．A．they B．their C．them D．themselves 12．A．In B．On C．For D．At 13．A．uses B．is used C．is use D．be used 14．A．solved B．solve C．will solve D．are solving 15．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是地球上的人口不断增长,科学家必须要想办法生产出足够的食物供人类食用。他们正在研究把沙漠里的植物基因移植到粮食作物，这样粮食作物需要的水更少，将来就可能在沙漠里种植这些植物，而不只是在田野中。 1．句意：世界人口仍在增长，科学家们担心，在本世纪中期，将不会有足够的食物供应每个人。 worry担心，动词；worries三单；worried担心的，形容词；to worry动词不定式。由“are”可知，后面需接形容词。故选C。 2．句意：马达加斯加的一种植物Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi可能会有所帮助。 helps帮助，动词，三单；help原形；helping动词ing；helped动词过去式。由“may”可知，后面接动词原形。故选B。 3．句意：在夜间它洗手二氧化碳，它所需的水比起玉米和类似植物来少10倍。 least最少；little少；less更少；the least最少。由“than”可知，用比较级。故选C。 4．句意：吃这种植物是危险的，但科学家可以研究两件事：当其他植物只在白天吸收二氧化碳时，它是如何在晚上进行这项活动的，以及为什么它如此善于在沙漠中生活。 to eat吃，动词不定式；eating动词ing；eat动词原形；ate动词过去式。由“It is dangerous”可知，此处需用动词不定式真正的主语。故选A。 5．句意：吃这种植物是危险的，但科学家可以研究两件事：当其他植物只在白天吸收二氧化碳时，它是如何在晚上进行这项活动的，以及为什么它如此善于在沙漠中生活。 what什么；when当；that那个；how怎样。由语境可知，怎样吸收的。故选D。 6．句意：吃这种植物是危险的，但科学家可以研究两件事：当其他植物只在白天吸收二氧化碳时，它是如何在晚上进行这项活动的，以及为什么它如此善于在沙漠中生活。 others其他；other其他的；another另一个；the others其他。由“plants”可知，other+看是名词复数。故选B。 7．句意：吃这种植物是危险的，但科学家可以研究两件事：当其他植物只在白天吸收二氧化碳时，它是如何在晚上进行这项活动的，以及为什么它如此善于在沙漠中生活。 in在……里面；at在时刻之前；during在……期间；on在……上面。由“the day”可知，是在一天当中。故选C。 8．句意：在沙漠中种植粮食将变得越来越重要。 Growing种植，动词ing；Grow动词原形；To growing错误表达；Grew动词过去式。由设空处可知，位于句首，后面有谓语动词，缺主语，用动词ing作主语。故选A。 9．句意：有两个可能的研究方向。 possible可能的，形容词；possibly可能地，副词；impossible不可能的，形容词；possibility可能，名词。由“There are two…directions for further research.”可知，需填形容词，此处指可能的研究方向。故选A。 10．句意：尽管种植沙漠植物会很困难，但这并非不可能。 Because因为；If如果；When当；Although虽然；尽管。由“growing a desert plant to eat will be difficult, it isn’t impossible.”可知，此处是一个让步状语从句。故选D。 11．句意：一种方法是从这种植物中提取基因，并将其放入我们食用的植物中，如豆类或谷物。 they他们，主格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己，反身代词。由“put”放，动词，可知，后接宾格。故选C。 12．句意：目前，人们在问，为什么有好的土地用来种植燃料植物而不是食物作物。 In在……里面；On在……上面；For因为；At在。at the moment在这一刻，固定搭配。故选D。 13．句意：目前，人们在问，为什么有好的土地用来种植燃料植物而不是食物作物。 uses使用；is used被使用，一般现在时；is use错误表达；be used被使用。由“land”可知，句子需用被动语态。故选B。 14．句意：如果我们能用上沙漠土地，我们将在某种程度上解决这个问题。 solved解决，过去式；solve动词原形；will solve一般将来时；are solving现在进行时。由“If we use desert land, we…this problem in a way.”可知，此句是条件状语从句，遵循主将从现。故选C。 15．句意：世界气候正在变化，人口仍在增加，但一种奇怪的植物可能会满足我们未来的粮食或能源需求。 a一个；an一个；the特指；/。由“answer”答案，可数名词，可知，an用于元音音素前。故选B。 二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their 16 . Here are two imaginations about the world of tomorrow. When people talk about the future, we like to think that we’ll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometers per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 17 roads and speeding tickets. However, some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 18 ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if they become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. So it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 19 . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot “exoskeleton”. This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will 20 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 21 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 22 or injury (受伤). But the disadvantage at the moment is the 23 . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 24 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn’t want your robot leg or arm bending (弯曲) suit could 25 the wearer if he wears it the wrong way. So in the future, although we might be able to fly to work and lift a car above our heads there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible. 16．A．suggestions B．instructions C．opinions D．reasons 17．A．empty B．wide C．busy D．dirty 18．A．put down B．break down C．write down D．calm down 19．A．gloves B．suit C．heel D．shoes 20．A．ask B．wish C．invite D．allow 21．A．beautiful B．peaceful C．colorful D．useful 22．A．disease B．holiday C．work D．party 23．A．style B．price C．need D．number 24．A．chances B．power C．rests D．experience 25．A．hurt B．attract C．protect D．doubt 【答案】 16．C 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对未来世界的两种想象：拥有私人飞行汽车和钢铁侠套装，并说明了这两种发明会引起的问题。 16．句意：很多人很乐意给出自己的观点。 suggestions建议；instructions说明；opinions观点；reasons原因。根据后文“Here are two imaginations about the world of tomorrow.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达很多人很乐意给出自己的观点。故选C。 17．句意：我们将以每小时480公里的速度飞行，避开红绿灯、繁忙的道路和超速罚单。 empty空的；wide宽的；busy忙碌的，繁忙的；dirt脏的。根据“avoiding traffic lights,…roads and speeding tickets.”，结合选项可知，此处应该填入busy，形容词，作定语，修饰名词roads，意为“繁忙的”符合语境。故选C。 18．句意：一个大问题是：如果飞行汽车坏了会发生什么？ put down放下；break down坏了，出故障；write down写下；calm down安静下来。根据后文“Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if they become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达如果飞行汽车坏了会发生什么？故选B。 19．句意：想象一下你有自己的钢铁侠套装。 gloves手套；suit套装；heel鞋跟，脚后跟；shoes鞋子。根据后文“Several companies are trying to build a practical robot ‘exoskeleton’. This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.”可知，此处应该表达想象一下你有自己的钢铁侠套装。故选B。 20．句意：它将允许佩戴者举起重物，走很长一段路，甚至穿墙！ ask问；wish希望；invite邀请；allow允许。根据“It will…the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls!”，结合选项可知，allow sb. to do sth.，固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”符合语境。故选D。 21．句意：它在很多方面都很有用，尤其是对残疾人。 beautiful美丽的；peaceful和平的；colorful五颜六色的；useful有用的。根据后文“This suit might help people to walk again”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达它在很多方面都很有用。故选D。 22．句意：这套服装可以帮助人们在疾病或受伤后重新行走。 disease疾病；holiday假期；work工作；party聚会。根据前文“It is useful in many ways, especially for people with disabilities.”和“This suit might help people to walk again after…or injury (受伤).”可知，此处应该填入disease，意为“疾病”符合语境。故选A。 23．句意：但目前的劣势是价格。 style类型；price价格；need需要；number数字。根据“Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.”可知，此处应该表达但目前的劣势是价格。故选B。 24．句意：像这样的一套衣服需要大量的能量，目前电池只能维持15分钟。 chances机会，机遇；power力量，能量；rests休息；experience经历。根据前文“Another problem is battery life.”和横线后“batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment.”可知，此处应该表达像这样的一套衣服需要大量的能量。故选B。 25．句意：你不会希望你的机器人腿或手臂弯曲服可能会伤害穿着者，如果他穿错了的话。 hurt使……受伤；attract吸引；protect保护；doubt怀疑。根据前文“One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer.”和“You wouldn’t want your robot leg or arm bending (弯曲) suit could…the wearer if he wears it the wrong way.”可知，此处填入hurt，动词，意为“使……受伤”符合语境。故选A。 3、 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom (王国) of Qin, he had to report the situation to his king in time. His pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” After arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed (失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 26．Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because he didn’t have silk to write on. D．Because the pen brought him much trouble. 27．When did Meng think of the good idea in Paragraph 3? A．Before hunting animals. B．When he saw the trail. C．During cleaning the hair. D．After he wrote a report. 28．Which is the right order of improving the brush pen? a. The brush pen could write well. b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick. c. The special water washed the oil from the hair away. d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole. A．b-d-c-a B．b-d-a-c C．d-b-a-c D．c-d-b-a 29．What can we learn from the passage? A．Make friends with animals. B．Value fantastic memories. C．Keep trying and never give up. D．Build a peaceful world. 【答案】26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了文房四宝之一——毛笔发明的传说故事。 26．细节理解题。根据“His pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知他的笔太硬了，给他带来了很多麻烦，所以他在想办法改进它。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据“Fat and heavy (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, ‘If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?’”可知当他看到兔子留下的痕迹时想起了一个好主意。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据“he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed (失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard.”以及“The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair.”可知蒙恬改进笔时先是把兔子的毛绑在棍子上，发现不好用，气得他把棍子扔进了一个石头洞里，结果特殊的水把油冲走了后毛笔写得很好了。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据“However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time.”和“Meng succeeded at last.”可知，虽然蒙恬发明毛笔的经过不太顺利，但他没有放弃，最终成功了，由此我们可以学到的是永不言弃的精神。故选C。 B Nowadays many people look for fun online. Watching livestreaming (直播) shows has become part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage (舞台) online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream like Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some make paper cutting, while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer from the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. The 59-year-old took up his smart phone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a real stage, Li uses common places as his stage, including his office and study room. Besides singing, Li also teaches viewers (观众) something about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly. “Livestreaming has brought this traditional art down to earth.” One viewer said, “it gives young people an easier way to learn more about the traditional art.” Li has more than 6,000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a huafu show on the third China Huafu Day Performers showed clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up. As Guangming Daily said, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive. 30．The writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________ in Paragraph 2. A．give an example of traditional culture livestreaming B．ask young people to learn from Li Jun C．tell young people to learn Peking Opera D．ask young people to enjoy Li Jun’s livestreaming 31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many traditional artists start to sell traditional objects on Douyin and Bilibili. B．More people have interest in traditional culture with the help of livestreaming. C．Peking Opera performer Li Jun has more than 42,000 fans on Douyin. D．Performers performed Chinese classical music in the Huafu show. 32．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．Livestreaming is getting more and more popular. B．We should help to save the traditional art. C．Livestreaming brings traditional art back to life. D．Traditional art keeps livestreaming alive. 33．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】30．A 31．B 32．C 33．D 【导语】本文介绍了人们在抖音或哔哩哔哩上直播传统文化，让传统艺术重现生机。 30．推理判断题。根据“Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer from the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. The 59-year-old took up his smart phone and started livestreaming.”可知，第二段介绍了李俊在直播上表演京剧，是为了列举一个传统文化直播的例子，故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据“A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming.”可知，在直播的帮助下，更多的人对传统文化产生了兴趣。故选B。 32．主旨大意题。根据“As Guangming Daily said, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive.”及全文可知，直播让传统艺术重现生机。故选C。 33．篇章结构题。根据文中内容可知，第一段介绍传统文化开始在直播上展现；第二段、第三段和第四段举例子介绍京剧表演和传统服装在直播上的表演；第五段总结直播让传统文化保持生机，本文是总—分—总的结构，故选D。 C More than 50 years have passed since anyone set foot on the Moon. But soon, astronauts will return there with a new type of spacesuit (宇航服). Those old ones were really heavy and didn’t fit every astronaut well, especially for women. So, NASA has to make some changes to them for the first time in 40 years. “The astronauts will find big improvements in these spacesuits,” said NASA engineer Carly Meginnis. The new suit has more joints (关节), especially in the lower part of the body. This will offer astronauts more flexibility to perform tasks like kneeling and walking (not “rabbit jumping”) on the moon. The gloves need to be protective and allow astronauts to do work as freely as possible. The new gloves have heaters (加热器) to keep fingers warm, since fingers become the coldest parts of body in space. Also, the spacesuit has a cooling system with water moving around to take away the unwanted heat. Another change is that the new helmet (头盔) provides a better view for astronauts. It even adds lights and an HD camera inside to take clearer videos. There are still some problems that need to be solved. For example, it still takes up to four hours to put on the spacesuit, even with the help from their partners (搭档). Moreover, scientist hope that spacesuits will be able to be designed to help astronauts work together with robots in the future. 34．NASA made changes to the spacesuit because ________. A．the old spacesuit was too expensive to make B．the old spacesuit was not comfortable to wear C．NASA astronauts needed more beautiful spacesuits D．NASA usually changes the spacesuit every 40 years 35．Which of the following is TRUE about the new spacesuit? A．It has fewer joints in the lower part. B．There’s an HD camera outside the helmet. C．An astronaut can put it on more easily. D．It moves unneeded heat away from the body. 36．The writer used the word “flexibility” in Paragraph 3 to talk about ________. A．the time of exercise B．the teamwork of astronauts C．the easiness of movement D．the way of communication 37．What is the best title for the passage? A．Astronauts Return To The Moon B．The Spacesuit Helps Robots C．NASA Plans For Future Space Travel D．New Spacesuit Comes Out 【答案】34．B 35．D 36．C 37．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局设计的新型宇航服。 34．推理判断题。根据第一段“Those old ones were really heavy and didn’t fit every astronaut well, especially for women.”可知，旧的宇航服真的很重，不适合每个宇航员，尤其是女性。由此推测，美国国家航空航天局对宇航服进行修改，是因为旧的宇航服穿起来不舒服。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段“Also, the spacesuit has a cooling system with water moving around to take away the unwanted heat.”可知，新型的宇航服有一个冷却系统，它能带走多余的热量。故选D。 36．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The new suit has more joints (关节), especially in the lower part of the body. This will offer astronauts more flexibility to perform tasks like kneeling and walking (not ‘rabbit jumping’) on the moon.”可知，新套装有更多的关节，尤其是在身体的下半部分。这将为宇航员在月球上执行跪下和行走（而不是“兔子跳”）等任务提供更大的灵活性。由此猜测，作者使用“flexibility”一词来谈论运动的容易程度。故选C。 37．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局设计的新型宇航服。因此，选项D“新宇航服问世”是最佳标题。故选D。 D E-Waste Electronic waste(e-waste) comes from computers, cameras, phones, fridges, TVs and so on. How much e-waste has been produced?              There is too much e-waste on the earth. In the past ten years, 506.5 Mt of e-waste has been produced. That is as heavy as about 50,149 Eiffel Towers. What can we do with e-waste? E-waste is harmful to the environment. Repeat the three words in our life: reduce, reuse and recycle. Here are some examples.*Quadloop                                             *Junichi Kawanishi created solar lanterns                                  turned about 79,000 tons of with e-waste.                                          e-waste into medals. *Mixed Reality Lab                                     * Alex Lin designed educational toys with                    recycled about 136 tons of broken e-waste for poor kids.                      computers into ones that can be used again. 38．What did Alex Lin do with e-waste? A．He made medals. B．He recycled computers. C．He designed toys. D．He created lanterns. 39．What is the relationship between global e-waste production and the time (2013—2022) according to the text? A． B． C． D． 40．In which part of a website can we read the page? A．Food. B．Health. C．Environment. D．Travel. 【答案】38．B 39．A 40．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电子垃圾问题很严重，并介绍了如何处理电子垃圾。 38．细节理解题。根据“recycled about 136 tons of broken computers”可知他回收了大约136吨坏电脑。故选B。 39．推理判断题。根据图表第二段的数列图片可知，随着时间的递进，2013—2022全球电子垃圾的产量逐渐增加。故选A。 40．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了电子垃圾问题很严重，并介绍了如何处理电子垃圾，故文章可能出现在环境版面。故选C。 第2节 阅读填空（ 本题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 How do you keep cool during summer? Air conditioners or electric (电的) fans are good tools (工具) in modern society (社会). But long ago, people could only use fans. Over 3, 000 years ago, fans began to be used. They were made of feathers, bamboo or silk. 41 Later, with the invention (发明) of paper, paper fans became well-known during the Song Dynasty. There were usually beautiful pictures on fans. 42 Others were flowers and animals. Moreover, many great people including Su Dongpo and Tang Yin, once painted their works on fans. 43 Therefore, with its great value and beauty, people thought of fans as a symbol of status (身份). 44 Today, fans are also great collectors’ things and gifts. At the opening ceremony (仪式) of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, beautiful fans were given to leaders (领导) and officials (官员) of other countries. 45 A．Some were landscapes (风景). B．They came in different shapes, including round and square. C．That’s why in old China, important officials often held fans. D．While they were waving (挥动) fans to get cool, they were also experiencing Chinese culture. E．This made fans not only useful tools in daily life but also great artworks. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．E 44．C 45．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了扇子的历史、发展以及在中国文化中的地位和作用。 41．根据上文“Over 3, 000 years ago, fans began to be used. They were made of feathers, bamboo or silk.”可知，此处介绍扇子的材质和形状；选项B“它们形状各异，有圆形的，也有方形的。”符合语境。故选B。 42．根据上文“There were usually beautiful pictures on fans.”和下文“Others were flowers and animals.”可知，此处介绍一些扇子上的图案；选项A“有些是风景画。”符合语境。故选A。 43．根据上文“Moreover, many great people including Su Dongpo and Tang Yin, once painted their works on fans.”可知，此处介绍扇子不仅是工具，也是艺术品；选项E“这使得扇子不仅是日常生活中的有用工具，也是伟大的艺术品。”符合语境。故选E。 44．根据上文“Therefore, with its great value and beauty, people thought of fans as a symbol of status.”可知，此处介绍扇子是地位的象征；选项C“这就是为什么在旧中国，重要官员经常手持扇子。”符合语境。故选C。 45．根据上文“At the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, beautiful fans were given to leaders and officials of other countries.”可知，此处介绍扇子有着文化意义；选项D“他们一边挥动扇子纳凉，一边体验着中国文化。 ”符合语境。故选D。 第二部分 非选择题部分 四、语篇填词 (共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 根据下列文段及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。 Robots are becoming a big part of our lives. They seem very p 46 to most people. But they have a long history. The first one was made by a Greek i 47 . You may have seen robots in some films. They are stronger, faster and cleverer than people in real life. Thousands of robots are used in factories. These robots are not like the robots in movies. They don’t walk or talk. I 48 , a robot may be just a metal arm. The robot arm can do a certain job in a factory over and over again. It can do jobs that people may not want to do. A robot never gets tired of doing the same thing. They are also used to do many dangerous, difficult or boring jobs. In Canada, the police are using a robot on wheels. This robot moves around to c 49 bombs (炸弹) and takes them away. Robots are used in hospitals too. At one hospital, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick people’s rooms, and it never loses its way because it has a m 50 of the hospital in its computer system. But robots will never take the place of human beings, though they can help us in a lot of different ways. 【答案】46．(p)opular 47．(i)nventor 48．(I)nstead 49．(c)arry 50．(m)ap 【导语】本文主要介绍的是机器人在我们生活中的应用。 46．句意：它们似乎很受大多数人的欢迎。根据“Robots are becoming a big part of our lives”和首字母可知，机器人很受欢迎，应用形容词popular。故填(p)opular。 47．句意：第一个是由一位希腊发明家制造的。根据“The first one was made by a Greek”和首字母可知，第一个机器人是由一位希腊发明家制造的。inventor“发明家”，a后接单数名词，故填(i)nventor。 48．句意：相反，机器人可能只是一个金属手臂。根据“These robots are not like the robots in movies. They don’t walk or talk.”和“a robot may be just a metal arm.”可知，后面说的是相反的情况，应用副词instead。故填(I)nstead。 49．句意：这个机器人移动来携带炸弹并把它们带走。根据“takes them away”和首字母可知，是指携带炸弹。carry“携带”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(c)arry。 50．句意：在一家医院，一个机器人从厨房把饭菜送到病人的房间，它从来不会迷路，因为它的计算机系统中有医院的地图。根据“it never loses its way”可知，因为有地图，所以不会迷路。a后接单数名词，故填(m)ap。 五、完成句子 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 51．她将来想要从事医生的工作而不是做一名护士. She wants to a doctor a nurse in the future. 【答案】 work as instead of 【详解】“从事……工作”为work at；want to do意为“想做某事”，所以第一空用动词原形；“而不是”为instead of，是介词短语，故填work；as；instead；of。 52．手机能让人们随时随地保持联系。 Mobile phones allow people to each other anytime, anywhere. 【答案】keep in touch with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“保持联系”，其英文表达是动词短语keep in touch with，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填keep in touch with。 53．你给我们的书多么有用啊！ you gave us! 【答案】 What a useful/practical book 【详解】根据中文提示可知，本句为感叹句，可用“What+ a/an+ adj +可数名词单数+主语+谓语”的结构，a useful/practical book意为“一本有用的书”，故填What；a；useful/practical；book。 54．莉莉不喜欢在白天学习。 Lily does not like studying . 【答案】 in the daytime 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“在白天”，且为三个空，in the daytime“在白天”，固定词组。故填in；the；daytime。 55．为了使孩子远离危险，父母应该给他们一些安全提示。 To danger, parents should give them some safety tips. 【答案】 keep children off 【详解】使某人远离：keep sb. off，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形；孩子们：children。故填keep；children；off。 六、书面表达(15分) 56．为了帮助同学们学习英语，你们学校的同学们设计了一款中学生在线学习英语的智能app：作为校园报社的小记者，请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇稿件，推荐这款学习软件。 软件名称 English Cloud Learning 内容content. 英语新闻，电影，歌曲，游戏等 好处advantage. 1.扩大词汇量 2.提高英语听力 3.……补充一点 学生的评价 提高了学习兴趣 你的看法 …… 写作要求： 1.文章必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥以使行文连贯； 2.字数：80 词左右文章开头已给出,不计入总字数.； 3.文章中不得出现真实姓名及校名。 参考词汇：enlarge 扩大 vocabulary 词汇量 Recently, the students in our school have designed a new app. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Recently, the students in our school have designed a new app. Its name is English Cloud Learning. It can provide English learners with more contents, such as English news, movies, songs, games and so on. In addition, students can share their learning experience and get help. The app can make English learning easier, happier and more interesting. Firstly, it can help us enlarge our vocabulary, which is very practical and useful. Secondly, we can improve our listening skills. Thirdly, students can learn English anywhere. Many students think it is helpful for them. It increases their interest in learning English. And students can have fun learning English by using this app. I also think it’s very helpful and I like it very much. The inventors hope the new app can be suitable for students of different ages. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文。 ②时态：时态主要采用“一般现在时”。 ③提示：文章介绍了学生设计的新应用程序——English Cloud Learning，强调了它对于英语学习的帮助以及学生对其积极评价。 [写作步骤] 第一步，简述学生设计了一个新的英语学习应用程序； 第二步，具体阐述应用程序的功能和优点。从“提供内容、学习方式、用户反馈”等方面详细介绍应用程序的特点； 第三步，书写结语，提到发明者的期望。 [亮点词汇] ①design设计 ②provide提供 ③enlarge扩大 ④suitable适合 [高分句型] ①The app can make English learning easier, happier, and more interesting. (并列形容词作宾语补足语) ②Firstly, it can help us enlarge our vocabulary, which is very practical and useful. (which引导非限制性定语从句) ③Many students think it is helpful for them. (省略引导词that的宾语从句) ④I also think it’s very helpful and I like it very much. (并列句) ⑤The inventors hope the new app can be suitable for students of different ages. (省略引导词that的宾语从句) 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Inventions（B卷·培优卷） （时间：100分钟，满分：90分） 第1部分 选择题部分 1、 语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、 C和D项中选出最佳选项。 The world’s population is still going up and scientists are 1 that there will not be enough food for everybody in the middle of this century. One plant from Madagascar, the Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, may 2 . It absorbs (吸收) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) at night and it needs 10 times 3 water than corn and similar plants. This means it can grow in the desert. It is dangerous 4 this plant, but scientists can study two things: 5 it absorbs carbon dioxide at night when 6 plants only do this 7 the day, and why it is so good at living in the desert. There will be less land for growing food in the future. Deserts are growing as Earth’s climate gets warmer. 8 food in deserts will be more and more important. There are two 9 directions for further research. 10 growing a desert plant to eat will be difficult, it isn’t impossible. One way is to use the genes (基因) from this plant and put 11 into plants we eat, like beans or cereals. The other direction is to grow this type of plant for fuel (燃料). 12 the moment, people are asking why good land 13 to grow plants for fuel and not for food. If we use desert land, we 14 this problem in a way. The world’s climate is changing and the population is still increasing, but one strange plant could be 15 answer to our future food or energy needs. 1．A．worry B．worries C．worried D．to worry 2．A．helps B．help C．helping D．helped 3．A．least B．little C．less D．the least 4．A．to eat B．eating C．eat D．ate 5．A．what B．when C．that D．how 6．A．others B．other C．another D．the others 7．A．in B．at C．during D．on 8．A．Growing B．Grow C．To growing D．Grew 9．A．possible B．possibly C．impossible D．possibility 10．A．Because B．If C．When D．Although 11．A．they B．their C．them D．themselves 12．A．In B．On C．For D．At 13．A．uses B．is used C．is use D．be used 14．A．solved B．solve C．will solve D．are solving 15．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their 16 . Here are two imaginations about the world of tomorrow. When people talk about the future, we like to think that we’ll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometers per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 17 roads and speeding tickets. However, some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 18 ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if they become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. So it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 19 . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot “exoskeleton”. This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will 20 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 21 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 22 or injury (受伤). But the disadvantage at the moment is the 23 . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 24 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn’t want your robot leg or arm bending (弯曲) suit could 25 the wearer if he wears it the wrong way. So in the future, although we might be able to fly to work and lift a car above our heads there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible. 16．A．suggestions B．instructions C．opinions D．reasons 17．A．empty B．wide C．busy D．dirty 18．A．put down B．break down C．write down D．calm down 19．A．gloves B．suit C．heel D．shoes 20．A．ask B．wish C．invite D．allow 21．A．beautiful B．peaceful C．colorful D．useful 22．A．disease B．holiday C．work D．party 23．A．style B．price C．need D．number 24．A．chances B．power C．rests D．experience 25．A．hurt B．attract C．protect D．doubt 3、 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分) 第1节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从26-40各题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项。 A The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom (王国) of Qin, he had to report the situation to his king in time. His pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy (痕迹) on the ground when they moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” After arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed (失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in the stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colorful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 26．Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because he didn’t have silk to write on. D．Because the pen brought him much trouble. 27．When did Meng think of the good idea in Paragraph 3? A．Before hunting animals. B．When he saw the trail. C．During cleaning the hair. D．After he wrote a report. 28．Which is the right order of improving the brush pen? a. The brush pen could write well. b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick. c. The special water washed the oil from the hair away. d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole. A．b-d-c-a B．b-d-a-c C．d-b-a-c D．c-d-b-a 29．What can we learn from the passage? A．Make friends with animals. B．Value fantastic memories. C．Keep trying and never give up. D．Build a peaceful world. B Nowadays many people look for fun online. Watching livestreaming (直播) shows has become part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage (舞台) online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream like Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some make paper cutting, while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer from the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. The 59-year-old took up his smart phone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a real stage, Li uses common places as his stage, including his office and study room. Besides singing, Li also teaches viewers (观众) something about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly. “Livestreaming has brought this traditional art down to earth.” One viewer said, “it gives young people an easier way to learn more about the traditional art.” Li has more than 6,000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a huafu show on the third China Huafu Day Performers showed clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up. As Guangming Daily said, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive. 30．The writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________ in Paragraph 2. A．give an example of traditional culture livestreaming B．ask young people to learn from Li Jun C．tell young people to learn Peking Opera D．ask young people to enjoy Li Jun’s livestreaming 31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Many traditional artists start to sell traditional objects on Douyin and Bilibili. B．More people have interest in traditional culture with the help of livestreaming. C．Peking Opera performer Li Jun has more than 42,000 fans on Douyin. D．Performers performed Chinese classical music in the Huafu show. 32．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．Livestreaming is getting more and more popular. B．We should help to save the traditional art. C．Livestreaming brings traditional art back to life. D．Traditional art keeps livestreaming alive. 33．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． C More than 50 years have passed since anyone set foot on the Moon. But soon, astronauts will return there with a new type of spacesuit (宇航服). Those old ones were really heavy and didn’t fit every astronaut well, especially for women. So, NASA has to make some changes to them for the first time in 40 years. “The astronauts will find big improvements in these spacesuits,” said NASA engineer Carly Meginnis. The new suit has more joints (关节), especially in the lower part of the body. This will offer astronauts more flexibility to perform tasks like kneeling and walking (not “rabbit jumping”) on the moon. The gloves need to be protective and allow astronauts to do work as freely as possible. The new gloves have heaters (加热器) to keep fingers warm, since fingers become the coldest parts of body in space. Also, the spacesuit has a cooling system with water moving around to take away the unwanted heat. Another change is that the new helmet (头盔) provides a better view for astronauts. It even adds lights and an HD camera inside to take clearer videos. There are still some problems that need to be solved. For example, it still takes up to four hours to put on the spacesuit, even with the help from their partners (搭档). Moreover, scientist hope that spacesuits will be able to be designed to help astronauts work together with robots in the future. 34．NASA made changes to the spacesuit because ________. A．the old spacesuit was too expensive to make B．the old spacesuit was not comfortable to wear C．NASA astronauts needed more beautiful spacesuits D．NASA usually changes the spacesuit every 40 years 35．Which of the following is TRUE about the new spacesuit? A．It has fewer joints in the lower part. B．There’s an HD camera outside the helmet. C．An astronaut can put it on more easily. D．It moves unneeded heat away from the body. 36．The writer used the word “flexibility” in Paragraph 3 to talk about ________. A．the time of exercise B．the teamwork of astronauts C．the easiness of movement D．the way of communication 37．What is the best title for the passage? A．Astronauts Return To The Moon B．The Spacesuit Helps Robots C．NASA Plans For Future Space Travel D．New Spacesuit Comes Out D E-Waste Electronic waste(e-waste) comes from computers, cameras, phones, fridges, TVs and so on. How much e-waste has been produced?              There is too much e-waste on the earth. In the past ten years, 506.5 Mt of e-waste has been produced. That is as heavy as about 50,149 Eiffel Towers. What can we do with e-waste? E-waste is harmful to the environment. Repeat the three words in our life: reduce, reuse and recycle. Here are some examples.*Quadloop                                             *Junichi Kawanishi created solar lanterns                                  turned about 79,000 tons of with e-waste.                                          e-waste into medals. *Mixed Reality Lab                                     * Alex Lin designed educational toys with                    recycled about 136 tons of broken e-waste for poor kids.                      computers into ones that can be used again. 38．What did Alex Lin do with e-waste? A．He made medals. B．He recycled computers. C．He designed toys. D．He created lanterns. 39．What is the relationship between global e-waste production and the time (2013—2022) according to the text? A． B． C． D． 40．In which part of a website can we read the page? A．Food. B．Health. C．Environment. D．Travel. 第2节 阅读填空（ 本题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 How do you keep cool during summer? Air conditioners or electric (电的) fans are good tools (工具) in modern society (社会). But long ago, people could only use fans. Over 3, 000 years ago, fans began to be used. They were made of feathers, bamboo or silk. 41 Later, with the invention (发明) of paper, paper fans became well-known during the Song Dynasty. There were usually beautiful pictures on fans. 42 Others were flowers and animals. Moreover, many great people including Su Dongpo and Tang Yin, once painted their works on fans. 43 Therefore, with its great value and beauty, people thought of fans as a symbol of status (身份). 44 Today, fans are also great collectors’ things and gifts. At the opening ceremony (仪式) of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, beautiful fans were given to leaders (领导) and officials (官员) of other countries. 45 A．Some were landscapes (风景). B．They came in different shapes, including round and square. C．That’s why in old China, important officials often held fans. D．While they were waving (挥动) fans to get cool, they were also experiencing Chinese culture. E．This made fans not only useful tools in daily life but also great artworks. 第二部分 非选择题部分 四、语篇填词 (共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 根据下列文段及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。 Robots are becoming a big part of our lives. They seem very p 46 to most people. But they have a long history. The first one was made by a Greek i 47 . You may have seen robots in some films. They are stronger, faster and cleverer than people in real life. Thousands of robots are used in factories. These robots are not like the robots in movies. They don’t walk or talk. I 48 , a robot may be just a metal arm. The robot arm can do a certain job in a factory over and over again. It can do jobs that people may not want to do. A robot never gets tired of doing the same thing. They are also used to do many dangerous, difficult or boring jobs. In Canada, the police are using a robot on wheels. This robot moves around to c 49 bombs (炸弹) and takes them away. Robots are used in hospitals too. At one hospital, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick people’s rooms, and it never loses its way because it has a m 50 of the hospital in its computer system. But robots will never take the place of human beings, though they can help us in a lot of different ways. 五、完成句子 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 51．她将来想要从事医生的工作而不是做一名护士. She wants to a doctor a nurse in the future. 52．手机能让人们随时随地保持联系。 Mobile phones allow people to each other anytime, anywhere. 53．你给我们的书多么有用啊！ you gave us! 54．莉莉不喜欢在白天学习。 Lily does not like studying . 55．为了使孩子远离危险，父母应该给他们一些安全提示。 To danger, parents should give them some safety tips. 六、书面表达(15分) 56．为了帮助同学们学习英语，你们学校的同学们设计了一款中学生在线学习英语的智能app：作为校园报社的小记者，请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇稿件，推荐这款学习软件。 软件名称 English Cloud Learning 内容content. 英语新闻，电影，歌曲，游戏等 好处advantage. 1.扩大词汇量 2.提高英语听力 3.……补充一点 学生的评价 提高了学习兴趣 你的看法 …… 写作要求： 1.文章必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥以使行文连贯； 2.字数：80 词左右文章开头已给出,不计入总字数.； 3.文章中不得出现真实姓名及校名。 参考词汇：enlarge 扩大 vocabulary 词汇量 Recently, the students in our school have designed a new app. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$