精品解析：江西省鄱阳县第二中学等校2024-2025学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题

鄱阳二中高一学情检测英语试卷 一、听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1. 5分，共30分） A) 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. Where does the woman want to go? A. To the zoo. B. To the park. C. To the airport 2. How does Tom usually go to school? A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By bike. 3. Why do they eat out? A. Their parents aren't at home. B. They have nothing to eat. C. They left their keys in the office. 4. What is the woman going to do at Christmas? A. Go cycling. B. Go camping. C. Go skating. 5. What is the man's advice? A. To laugh a lot. B. To take some medicine. C. To ask for help. B) 请听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 请听第6段对话，回答第6-7小题。 6. What day is it today? A. Thursday. B. Tuesday. C. Wednesday. 7. What is David's favorite lesson? A. English. B. Science. C. Chemistry. 请听第7段对话，回答第8、9小题。 8. What is Julie going to do in the winter holiday? A. To see her uncle. B. To see her friends. C. To see her grandparents. 9. Where did Jason take lots of beautiful photos? A. On the Great Wall. B. In the Summer Palace. C. At the Fragrant Hills Park. 请听第8段对话，回答第10至第12小题。 10. What color is the girl's bag? A. Orange. B. Blue. C. Purple. 11 What is inside the bag? A. A volleyball. B. A book. C. ACD. 12. What is the girl's address? A. No. 42, Top Street. B. No. 142, Top Street. C. No. 402, Top. Street. 请听第9段对话，回答第13至第15小题， 13. When was the new science museum opened to the public? A. This Sunday. B. Last Sunday. C. Last Thursday. 14. Who did Amy go there with? A. Her parents. B. Her brother C. Her friends. 15. What did Amy see there? A. She watched a 4D movie. B. She saw three robots. C. She saw a big model plane. C) 请听下面一段独白，根据独白内容完成下列句子，每个空格不超过3个单词。将答案填写至答题卡的相应位置。听独白前你将有50秒钟的时间阅读句子内容。独白读两遍。 16. The more time the phone is in water, the more likely it is to be too damaged _____________. 17. You must turn the phone off _____________. to stop water damaging the inside of it. 18. By shaking the phone. any water inside has _____________ to come out. 19. You can put the phone in a plastic box or bag with uncooked rice and leave it there for _____________.. 20. When it's time to take the phone out, you might be lucky and find it is _____________.. 二、阅读理解（本大题共20小题，每小题2. 5分，共50分） A) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Here are some interesting places for you to enjoy yourself while you are staying in Beijing. Here is the timetable of science activities in the Children’s Palace Timetable Monday (4 weeks) 19:00 — 21:30 Space and Man Dr. Thomas West. Would you like to know more about the outer space? Tuesday (5 weeks) 18:30—20:30 Photography Mr. Brown from Italy. Learn to take good pictures, please bring your own camera. Wednesday ( 12 weeks) 18:30 — 21:00 Computer Science Prof. Harry Morison from Oxford University. Learn how to use Windows 2000. Thursday (4 weeks) 19:00 — 21:00 Modern Medicine Prof Lucy Green. Would you like to know medical advances? Saturday ( 16 weeks) 14:00 — 17:00 Technical English Prof. Rose Beet. Do you want to learn the technical words and articles? Sunday (2 weeks) 8:30 — 11:30 Exhibition of Personal Inventions You can see many inventions by the students; you may also bring your own inventions. 1. The teacher who teaches photography is from ______. A China B. Italy C. America D. England 2. The computer science class may last for about ________. A. 4 weeks B. 16 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 12 weeks 3. If you want to learn technical English, you should go to the Children’s Palace on ______. A. Sunday B. Saturday C. Thursday D. Wednesday B A few years ago, David, a top manager, thought his life wasn’t moving forward. So he started to set himself 30-day challenges. The idea was simple: think of something you want to add to your life-or to give up-and try it every day for 30 days. David began with easy projects like going to work by bike, not watching TV and giving up sugar. Then he tried more difficult ones, like writing a novel in 30 days. David learned that if you do something for 30 days. it can become a habit. If you stop doing something for 30 days, you can break the habit. As he did harder challenges, he got more confident. He learned that he could do something if he really wanted to do it. After doing the challenges for a few months, he had enough confidence to climb the highest mountain in Africa. David gave an online talk about how the challenges changed his life. More than 5 million people around the world have watched his talk and the 30-day challenge quickly became very popular. 4. What was David a few years ago? A. A doctor. B. A manager. C. A teacher. D. A soldier. 5. What is one of David’s more difficult projects? A. Going to work by bike. B. Not watching TV. C. Writing a novel. D. Giving up sugar. 6. How did David feel as he did harder challenges? A. More careful B. More confident. C. Less lucky. D. Less comfortable. 7. What would be the best title for the text? A. A working report. B. The life in Africa. C An important notice. D. The 30-day challenge C When delivering medications to patients, one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way. Now, inspired by octopus suckers (章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules. 40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications. Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup. 8. Why do the researchers develop the patch? A. To help patients overcome the fear of needles. B To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly. C To offer a better way of drug delivery. D. To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills. 9. What does the research on dogs prove? A. It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches. B. The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans. C. Patches fall easily with their mouth movement. D. Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills. 10. Which of the following can best describe the device? A. Innovative and profitable. B. Effective and user-friendly. C. Affordable and accessible. D. Flexible and long-lasting. 11. What does the last paragraph stress? A. The related issues to be solved. B. The risk of using patches repeatedly. C. The way to identity large molecules. D. The trouble of improving the technology. D After a long, cold and dry winter, life and color are starting to return. Flowers are everywhere, birds are singing and people are flying kites. Known as the birthplace of kites, Weifang in Shandong province has a long history of making kites. It is believed that Weifang kite-making can be traced back (回溯) to 2, 000 years ago. At first, they were often used by the army for communication purposes. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) kites started to be popular. Made from bamboo and covered with traditional Chinese paintings, Weifang kite-making was in the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) lists in 2006. The International Kite Festival has been held in Wei fang every year since 1984. Yang Hong wei, 56, is an inheritor (传承人) of the Wei fang kite-making. Born in a kite-making family, Yang often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in her grandfather's workshop. “Many places around the world have a tradition of flying kites,” Yang said, “But I think behind our kites is the beauty of our nature and culture.” On Yang's kites, people can see not only common things like flowers and birds, but also some patterns (图案) telling about Chinese fairy tales and history. “It takes lots of time,” Yang added, “but when I explain the things on the kites to foreign customers, I feel a sense of great achievement.” In her spare time, she also travels to different countries including Germany, Australia, the US and New Zealand to tell people about Chinese stories seen on kites and the traditional ways of making kites. “I'm an inheritor of the culture. It is an important job of mine to spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation (一代人) .” she said. 12. Which of the following is Not true about the weifang kite-making? A. They are made from bamboo. B. They are different shapes. C. They are covered with traditional Chinese paintings. D. They are only some common things like flowers and birds 13. What can we know about Yang's kites ________. A. Yang's kites are very common. B. Yang's kites are easy to make. C. Yang's kites show people the beauty of Chinese culture D. Yang's kites are only sold in China 14. What does the underlined word “things” refer to in Paragraph 4? A. common things. B. flowers and birds. C. leaves and flowers. D. Chinese fairy tales and history. 15. What's the main idea of this passage? A. The making of Weifang kites. B. The history of Weifang kites. C. The meaning of Weifang kites. D. The inheritor of the Weifang kite-making. B) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面万框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。 Life can be full of challenges: starting a new school, getting along with your classmates or trying to score well in a test. ___16___ By learning to be more resilient (有适应力的), you can deal with life’s ups and downs more easily. What is resilience? Resilience means feeling better quickly after a difficult experience and trying your best to do everything or staying strong inside. The more problems you overcome, the more resilient you will be next time. ___17___ Why does resilience matter? ___18___ The power helps you take healthy risks, like trying a new sport or trying out for the school play. It can make you more curious and confident. ___19___ When bad things happen, it’s natural to feel upset, confused or worried. Being resilient helps you to understand that you haven’t failed. It can help you turn the experience into something you can learn from. How can you be more resilient? When things aren’t going well, try to pay attention to your good qualities (品德) and stay positive. Remember a time when you overcame fear or nervousness to achieve something and you felt proud of yourself. ___20___ When things don’t work out well, try getting some good sleep first. Then, something new may happen. A. Being resilient is like having a super power. B. Resilience is something you learn as you grow. C. Everyone faces difficulties, but it doesn’t matter. D. Learning something new helps you be more resilient. E. Sleep is also a great way to make yourself free of stress. F. Resilience also makes it easier to accept difficult feelings. G. It is important for us to ask for help when we meet problems in daily life. 三、完形填空（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分） A) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Jenny lived in a small village. When she was a child, what she liked to do most was to watch the blue sky and enjoy birds flying freely in the sky. She always ___21___that some day she could also fly like a bird. When Jenny was in the fourth grade, her teacher asked them to write a passage about their ___22___. In it, she wrote that she wanted to become an airplane pilot in the future. However, to her surprise, her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her it was nothing but fairy tale which could never become true. Jenny felt ___23___and sad. In her heart, she didn’t want to ___24___her teacher’s opinion. Why was it impossible? But the people___25___Jenny didn’t support her and told her over and over again, “Girls can’t become pilots; never have, and never will. You’re___26___.” Finally, Jenny felt hopeless and ___27___her dream. Jenny was in the senior high school several ___28___later. One day her English teacher, Mrs. Slaton, gave the class a ___29___about what they would be doing in the future. Jenny thought hard about it, “Pilot? No way! Artist? No talent! Waitress? I can do it.”___30___she wrote it down. What Jenny wrote surprised Mrs.Slaton, “Is that what you are really interested in? I think you will be ___31___to do something full of more challenges.” Jenny felt excited, but she was still ___32___that she would be laughed at again. The teacher continued, “Everyone has their own talent. If you don’t go for your dream,___33___will do it for you.” Hearing that, with great courage she wrote down her old dream. Mrs.Slaton’s words ___34___Jenny a lot. After ten years of hard work, Jenny’s dream came true. She became one of the first three women ___35___in the world. Stick to your dream if it’s what you really want! 21. A. imagined B. realized C. agreed D. suggested 22. A. interests B. dreams C. families D. hobbies 23. A. tired B. nervous C. stupid D. disappointed 24. A. learn B. accept C. show D. discuss 25. A. with B. including C. around D. except 26. A. crazy B. brave C. clever D. strong 27. A. sent up B. gave up C. put up D. made up 28. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years 29. A. suggestion B. notice C. present D. task 30. A. Before B. Though C. Unless D. So 31. A. able B. glad C. ready D. relaxed 32. A. thankful B. excited C. worried D. regretful 33. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody D. everybody 34. A. praised B. encouraged C. required D. punished 35. A. artists B. waitresses C. pilots D. teachers 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xi’an, capital city of Shaanxi, served as the capital of 13 dynasties in Chinese history, which in total ___36___ (last) about 1,100 years. As a result, the ancient history of Shaanxi is to some degree the ancient history of China. Shaanxi History Museum considers ___37___ a duty to be a showcase of Chinese ancient civilization (文明). People call Shaanxi History Museum “Bright Pearl in Ancient Capital and Precious Treasure of China”, for it is an art palace ___38___ (full) showing Shaanxi history and culture as well as Chinese ancient civilization. Its architectural buildings and exhibits have made it famous as a first-class museum in China ___39___ it was opened to the public in 1991. It covers ___40___ total area of 65,000 square meters. The basic halls in the museum are divided ___41___ three exhibition halls with 2,000 cultural remains to display the history of ancient times in chronological (编年的) order. The first exhibition hall ___42___ (locate) on the ground floor while the other two are on the second floor. While ___43___ (design) the buildings in Shaanxi History Museum, the great designer used ___44___ (tradition) palace construction of Tang Dynasty for reference. Adopting symmetry axis (轴对称) layout with main and supporting buildings in order, the complex (复杂的) ____45____ (building) show the unique presence of Tang Dynasty. 四、书面表达（15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 John 来信向你了解中国音乐。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 中国音乐的种类； 2. 音乐给人带来的益处； 3. 你喜欢的音乐类型及原因。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear John, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 听力1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. completely damaged 17. immediately 18. through the holes 19. at least 24 hours 20. working again 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 鄱阳二中高一学情检测英语试卷 一、听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1. 5分，共30分） A) 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. Where does the woman want to go? A. To the zoo. B. To the park. C. To the airport 2. How does Tom usually go to school? A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By bike. 3. Why do they eat out? A. Their parents aren't at home. B. They have nothing to eat. C. They left their keys in the office. 4. What is the woman going to do at Christmas? A. Go cycling. B. Go camping. C. Go skating. 5. What is the man's advice? A. To laugh a lot. B. To take some medicine. C. To ask for help. B) 请听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 请听第6段对话，回答第6-7小题。 6 What day is it today? A. Thursday. B. Tuesday. C. Wednesday. 7. What is David's favorite lesson? A. English. B. Science. C. Chemistry. 请听第7段对话，回答第8、9小题。 8. What is Julie going to do in the winter holiday? A. To see her uncle. B. To see her friends. C. To see her grandparents. 9. Where did Jason take lots of beautiful photos? A. On the Great Wall. B. In the Summer Palace. C. At the Fragrant Hills Park. 请听第8段对话，回答第10至第12小题。 10. What color is the girl's bag? A. Orange. B. Blue. C. Purple. 11. What is inside the bag? A. A volleyball. B. A book. C. ACD. 12. What is the girl's address? A. No. 42, Top Street. B. No. 142, Top Street. C. No. 402, Top. Street. 请听第9段对话，回答第13至第15小题， 13. When was the new science museum opened to the public? A. This Sunday. B. Last Sunday. C. Last Thursday. 14. Who did Amy go there with? A. Her parents. B. Her brother C. Her friends. 15. What did Amy see there? A. She watched a 4D movie. B. She saw three robots. C. She saw a big model plane. C) 请听下面一段独白，根据独白内容完成下列句子，每个空格不超过3个单词。将答案填写至答题卡的相应位置。听独白前你将有50秒钟的时间阅读句子内容。独白读两遍。 16. The more time the phone is in water, the more likely it is to be too damaged _____________. 17. You must turn the phone off _____________. to stop water damaging the inside of it. 18. By shaking the phone. any water inside has _____________ to come out. 19. You can put the phone in a plastic box or bag with uncooked rice and leave it there for _____________.. 20. When it's time to take the phone out, you might be lucky and find it is _____________.. 二、阅读理解（本大题共20小题，每小题2. 5分，共50分） A) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Here are some interesting places for you to enjoy yourself while you are staying in Beijing. Here is the timetable of science activities in the Children’s Palace Timetable Monday (4 weeks) 19:00 — 21:30 Space and Man Dr. Thomas West. Would you like to know more about the outer space? Tuesday (5 weeks) 18:30—20:30 Photography Mr. Brown from Italy. Learn to take good pictures, please bring your own camera. Wednesday ( 12 weeks) 18:30 — 21:00 Computer Science Prof. Harry Morison from Oxford University. Learn how to use Windows 2000. Thursday (4 weeks) 19:00 — 21:00 Modern Medicine Prof Lucy Green. Would you like to know medical advances? Saturday ( 16 weeks) 14:00 — 17:00 Technical English Prof. Rose Beet. Do you want to learn the technical words and articles? Sunday (2 weeks) 8:30 — 11:30 Exhibition of Personal Inventions You can see many inventions by the students; you may also bring your own inventions. 1. The teacher who teaches photography is from ______. A. China B. Italy C. America D. England 2. The computer science class may last for about ________. A. 4 weeks B. 16 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 12 weeks 3. If you want to learn technical English, you should go to the Children’s Palace on ______. A. Sunday B. Saturday C. Thursday D. Wednesday 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了北京的值得玩的地方，主要给出了少年宫科学活动的时间表。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Tuesday部分内容“Photography Mr. Brown from Italy. Learn to take good pictures, please bring your own camera.(摄影 Mr. Brown来自意大利。想要学会拍照，请带上自己的相机。)”可知，教摄影的老师来自意大利，故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Wednesday部分“Wednesday (12 weeks) 18:30 — 21:00 Computer Science(周三（12周）18:30—21:00 计算机科学)”可知，计算机科学课程可能会持续12周，故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Saturday部分内容“Saturday ( 16 weeks) 14:00 — 17:00 Technical English(周六（16周）14:00—17:00技术英语)”可知，你如果想学技术英语，你应该周六去，故选B。 B A few years ago, David, a top manager, thought his life wasn’t moving forward. So he started to set himself 30-day challenges. The idea was simple: think of something you want to add to your life-or to give up-and try it every day for 30 days. David began with easy projects like going to work by bike, not watching TV and giving up sugar. Then he tried more difficult ones, like writing a novel in 30 days. David learned that if you do something for 30 days. it can become a habit. If you stop doing something for 30 days, you can break the habit. As he did harder challenges, he got more confident. He learned that he could do something if he really wanted to do it. After doing the challenges for a few months, he had enough confidence to climb the highest mountain in Africa. David gave an online talk about how the challenges changed his life. More than 5 million people around the world have watched his talk and the 30-day challenge quickly became very popular. 4. What was David a few years ago? A. A doctor. B. A manager. C. A teacher. D. A soldier. 5. What is one of David’s more difficult projects? A Going to work by bike. B. Not watching TV. C. Writing a novel. D. Giving up sugar. 6. How did David feel as he did harder challenges? A. More careful B. More confident. C. Less lucky. D. Less comfortable. 7. What would be the best title for the text? A. A working report. B. The life in Africa. C. An important notice. D. The 30-day challenge 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。David觉得自己的生活没有前进，所以他为自己设置了30天的挑战。大卫在网上谈论了这些挑战如何改变了他的生活。全世界超过500万人观看了他的演讲，30天的挑战赛很快变得非常流行。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A few years ago, David, a top manager, thought his life wasn’t moving forward.(几年前，一位高级经理David认为他的生活停滞不前。)”可知，几年前David是一个经理。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Then he tried more difficult ones, like writing a novel in 30 days.(然后他尝试了一些更难的，比如在30天内写一本小说。)”可知，David的更困难的挑战是写一部小说。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“As he did harder challenges, he got more confident.(当他面对更困难的挑战时，他变得更加自信。)”可知，David做更困难的挑战时，他变得更自信。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“So he started to set himself 30-day challenges.(所以他开始给自己设定30天的挑战。) ”可知，文章主要讲述了David的30天挑战。所以“The 30-day challenge(30天的挑战)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 C When delivering medications to patients one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way. Now, inspired by octopus suckers (章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules. 40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications. Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup. 8. Why do the researchers develop the patch? A. To help patients overcome the fear of needles. B. To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly. C. To offer a better way of drug delivery. D. To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills. 9. What does the research on dogs prove? A. It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches. B. The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans. C. Patches fall easily with their mouth movement. D. Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills. 10. Which of the following can best describe the device? A. Innovative and profitable. B. Effective and user-friendly. C. Affordable and accessible. D. Flexible and long-lasting. 11. What does the last paragraph stress? A. The related issues to be solved. B. The risk of using patches repeatedly. C. The way to identity large molecules. D. The trouble of improving the technology. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国和瑞士研究人员设计了一种用来输送药物的杯状贴片装置。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“ While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way.(虽然患者可以选择服用口服药片，但这种含有大分子的药物不能有效吸收。)”和第二段中“The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. (研究小组在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中报告说，这种装置很容易获得，可以随时取下，药物通过脸颊内侧的内壁被吸收。)”可知，研究人员研发这种贴片是为了提供一种更好的药物输送方式。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. (三小时后，研究小组发现，贴着贴片的狗血液中的药物浓度比服用药片的狗高出150多倍。)”可知，对狗的研究证明，贴片比药片更能吸收药物。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. (研究小组在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中报告说，这种装置很容易获得，可以随时取下，药物通过脸颊内侧的内壁被吸收。)”和第三段中“They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules. (他们还发现贴片对大分子药物有效。)”以及第四段中“Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications. (大多数志愿者表示，他们更喜欢贴片，而不是每天注射。)”可知，该设备的特点是有效和对用户友好。故选B项。 11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. (不过，该团队只测试了很短的时间，所以他们需要弄清楚如果反复使用会发生什么。)”和“They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup.(他们还需要确定哪些药物可以与该技术一起工作：目标是大分子，例如用于治疗肥胖或骨质疏松症的药物，但它们不能太大而无法装入杯子（杯状贴片）。)”可知，最后一段强调了这一技术还需要解决的相关问题。故选A项。 D After a long, cold and dry winter, life and color are starting to return. Flowers are everywhere, birds are singing and people are flying kites. Known as the birthplace of kites, Weifang in Shandong province has a long history of making kites. It is believed that Weifang kite-making can be traced back (回溯) to 2, 000 years ago. At first, they were often used by the army for communication purposes. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) kites started to be popular. Made from bamboo and covered with traditional Chinese paintings, Weifang kite-making was in the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) lists in 2006. The International Kite Festival has been held in Wei fang every year since 1984. Yang Hong wei, 56, is an inheritor (传承人) of the Wei fang kite-making. Born in a kite-making family, Yang often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in her grandfather's workshop. “Many places around the world have a tradition of flying kites,” Yang said, “But I think behind our kites is the beauty of our nature and culture.” On Yang's kites, people can see not only common things like flowers and birds, but also some patterns (图案) telling about Chinese fairy tales and history. “It takes lots of time,” Yang added, “but when I explain the things on the kites to foreign customers, I feel a sense of great achievement.” In her spare time, she also travels to different countries including Germany, Australia, the US and New Zealand to tell people about Chinese stories seen on kites and the traditional ways of making kites. “I'm an inheritor of the culture. It is an important job of mine to spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation (一代人) .” she said. 12. Which of the following is Not true about the weifang kite-making? A. They are made from bamboo. B. They are different shapes. C. They are covered with traditional Chinese paintings. D. They are only some common things like flowers and birds 13. What can we know about Yang's kites ________. A. Yang's kites are very common. B. Yang's kites are easy to make. C. Yang's kites show people the beauty of Chinese culture D. Yang's kites are only sold in China 14. What does the underlined word “things” refer to in Paragraph 4? A. common things. B. flowers and birds. C. leaves and flowers. D. Chinese fairy tales and history. 15. What's the main idea of this passage? A. The making of Weifang kites. B. The history of Weifang kites. C. The meaning of Weifang kites. D. The inheritor of the Weifang kite-making. 【答案】12 D 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是潍坊风筝的历史和潍坊风筝制作传承人——杨红卫所制作的风筝。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“On Yang's kites, people can see not only common things like flowers and birds, but also some patterns (图案) telling about Chinese fairy tales and history. (在杨的风筝上，人们不仅可以看到常见的东西，如花鸟，而且还可以看到一些图案讲述中国童话和历史。)”可知，潍坊的风筝上不仅有常见的东西，如花鸟等，还有一些图案讲述中国童话和历史。所以，D项叙述是错误的。故选D项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Yang said, “But I think behind our kites is the beauty of our nature and culture.” (杨说“但我认为我们的风筝背后是我们的自然和文化之美。”)”可知，杨的风筝向人们展示了中国的文化之美。故选C项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文的句子“On Yang's kites, people can see not only common things like flowers and birds, but also some patterns (图案) telling about Chinese fairy tales and history. (在杨的风筝上，人们不仅可以看到常见的东西，如花鸟，而且还可以看到一些图案讲述中国童话和历史。)”可知，杨的风筝上有一些图案讲述中国童话和历史。再根据划线单词前的explain和下文的on the kites to foreign customers可知，杨向外国客人讲解的肯定是风筝上展示的中国童话和历史，而不会是常见的花鸟和树叶等。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。本文介绍的是潍坊风筝的历史和潍坊风筝制作传承人——杨红卫所制作的风筝。B项“The history of Weifang kites. (潍坊风筝的历史。)”概况了本文的主要内容。故选B项。 B) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面万框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。 Life can be full of challenges: starting a new school, getting along with your classmates or trying to score well in a test. ___16___ By learning to be more resilient (有适应力的), you can deal with life’s ups and downs more easily. What is resilience? Resilience means feeling better quickly after a difficult experience and trying your best to do everything or staying strong inside. The more problems you overcome, the more resilient you will be next time. ___17___ Why does resilience matter? ___18___ The power helps you take healthy risks, like trying a new sport or trying out for the school play. It can make you more curious and confident. ___19___ When bad things happen, it’s natural to feel upset, confused or worried. Being resilient helps you to understand that you haven’t failed. It can help you turn the experience into something you can learn from. How can you be more resilient? When things aren’t going well, try to pay attention to your good qualities (品德) and stay positive. Remember a time when you overcame fear or nervousness to achieve something and you felt proud of yourself. ___20___ When things don’t work out well, try getting some good sleep first. Then, something new may happen. A. Being resilient is like having a super power. B. Resilience is something you learn as you grow. C. Everyone faces difficulties, but it doesn’t matter. D. Learning something new helps you be more resilient. E. Sleep is also a great way to make yourself free of stress. F. Resilience also makes it easier to accept difficult feelings. G. It is important for us to ask for help when we meet problems in daily life. 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了什么是适应力，适应力的好处以及如何变得更有适应力。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Life can be full of challenges: starting a new school, getting along with your classmates or trying to score well in a test.(生活可能充满挑战：开始一所新学校，与同学相处或试图在考试中取得好成绩)”中列举的生活中的多种困境以及下文“By learning to be more resilient (有适应力的), you can deal with life’s ups and downs more easily.(学会更有适应力，你就能更轻松地应对生活中的起起落落)”可知，每个人都面临困难，但这并不重要。通过学习变得更有适应力，你能更容易地应对生活的起伏。故C选项“每个人都会遇到困难，但没关系”符合语境，故选C。 【17题详解】 根据上文“The more problems you overcome, the more resilient you will be next time.(你克服的问题越多，下次你就会越有适应能力)”提到，你克服的问题越多，下次你就越有适应能力，说明了适应能力是在成长过程中学到的东西。故B选项“适应力是你在成长过程中学会的东西”符合语境，故选B。 【18题详解】 根据后文“The power helps you take healthy risks, like trying a new sport or trying out for the school play. It can make you more curious and confident.(这种力量可以帮助你承担健康的风险，比如尝试一项新的运动或参加学校的演出。它能让你更加好奇和自信)”可知，本句是在说明适应力像是某种能力，A选项中a super power对应后文power。故A选项“适应力强就像拥有了一种超能力”符合语境，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据下文“When bad things happen, it’s natural to feel upset, confused or worried. Being resilient helps you to understand that you haven’t failed. It can help you turn the experience into something you can learn from.(当不好的事情发生时，感到沮丧、困惑或担心是很自然的。适应力强能让你明白你并没有失败。它可以帮助你把经历变成你可以学习的东西)”可知，适应能力也使人更容易消化情绪。故F选项“恢复力还能让人更容易接受困难的感觉”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据下文“When things don’t work out well, try getting some good sleep first. Then, something new may happen.(当事情进展不顺利时，先睡个好觉。然后，一些新的事情可能会发生)”可知，本句是在说明睡眠是摆脱压力的好方法。故E选项“睡眠也是一种让自己摆脱压力的好方法”符合语境，故选E。 三、完形填空（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分） A) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Jenny lived in a small village. When she was a child, what she liked to do most was to watch the blue sky and enjoy birds flying freely in the sky. She always ___21___that some day she could also fly like a bird. When Jenny was in the fourth grade, her teacher asked them to write a passage about their ___22___. In it, she wrote that she wanted to become an airplane pilot in the future. However, to her surprise, her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her it was nothing but fairy tale which could never become true. Jenny felt ___23___and sad. In her heart, she didn’t want to ___24___her teacher’s opinion. Why was it impossible? But the people___25___Jenny didn’t support her and told her over and over again, “Girls can’t become pilots; never have, and never will. You’re___26___.” Finally, Jenny felt hopeless and ___27___her dream. Jenny was in the senior high school several ___28___later. One day her English teacher, Mrs. Slaton, gave the class a ___29___about what they would be doing in the future. Jenny thought hard about it, “Pilot? No way! Artist? No talent! Waitress? I can do it.”___30___she wrote it down. What Jenny wrote surprised Mrs.Slaton, “Is that what you are really interested in? I think you will be ___31___to do something full of more challenges.” Jenny felt excited, but she was still ___32___that she would be laughed at again. The teacher continued, “Everyone has their own talent. If you don’t go for your dream,___33___will do it for you.” Hearing that, with great courage she wrote down her old dream. Mrs.Slaton’s words ___34___Jenny a lot. After ten years of hard work, Jenny’s dream came true. She became one of the first three women ___35___in the world. Stick to your dream if it’s what you really want! 21. A. imagined B. realized C. agreed D. suggested 22. A. interests B. dreams C. families D. hobbies 23. A. tired B. nervous C. stupid D. disappointed 24. A. learn B. accept C. show D. discuss 25. A. with B. including C. around D. except 26. A. crazy B. brave C. clever D. strong 27. A. sent up B. gave up C. put up D. made up 28. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years 29. A. suggestion B. notice C. present D. task 30. A. Before B. Though C. Unless D. So 31. A. able B. glad C. ready D. relaxed 32. A. thankful B. excited C. worried D. regretful 33. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody D. everybody 34. A. praised B. encouraged C. required D. punished 35. A. artists B. waitresses C. pilots D. teachers 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了珍妮四年级的时候在文章中写自己想成为飞行员，结果被老师和周围的人否定，于是放弃了自己的梦想。上了高中以后，在老师的鼓励下，珍妮勇敢追求自己的梦想，并成为世界上最早的三个女飞行员之一。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她总是想象有一天她也能像鸟一样飞翔。A. imagined想象；B. realized意识到；C. agreed同意；D. suggested建议。根据后文“some day she could also fly like a bird”可知，她想象自己未来有一天能飞起来。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当珍妮在四年级的时候，她的老师要求他们写一篇关于梦想的文章。A. interests兴趣；B. dreams梦想；C. families家庭；D. hobbies爱好。根据后文“In it, she wrote that she wanted to become an airplane pilot in the future.(她在文章中写道，她将来想成为一名飞行员)”可知，老师要求他们写一篇关于梦想的文章。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珍妮感到失望和悲伤。A. tired疲惫的；B. nervous紧张的；C. stupid愚蠢的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“However, to her surprise, her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her it was nothing but fairy tale which could never become true.(然而，令她吃惊的是，她的文章得了一个“F”。老师告诉她，这只不过是童话故事，永远不会成为现实)”可知，梦想被老师否定，珍妮感到失望。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她心里，她不想接受老师的意见。A. learn学习；B. accept接受；C. show展示；D. discuss讨论。根据后文“Why was it impossible?(为什么不可能？)”可知，她内心没有接受老师的看法。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：但是珍妮周围的人不支持她，一遍又一遍地告诉她，“女孩不能成为飞行员；从来没有，也永远不会。你疯了。”A. with和；B. including包含；C. around围绕；D. except除了。根据后文“Jenny didn’t support her and told her over and over again”可知，珍妮周围的人也不支持她的梦想。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是珍妮周围的人不支持她，一遍又一遍地告诉她，“女孩不能成为飞行员；从来没有，也永远不会。你疯了。”A. crazy疯狂的；B. brave勇敢的；C. clever聪明的；D. strong强壮的。根据上文“Girls can’t become pilots; never have, and never will.”可知，他们认为珍妮的梦想无法实现，是疯狂的。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，珍妮感到绝望，放弃了她的梦想。A. sent up射出；B. gave up放弃；C. put up忍受；D. made up组成。根据上文“Jenny felt hopeless and”可知，珍妮绝望了，放弃了梦想。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年后，珍妮上了高中。A. days天；B. weeks周；C. months月；D. years年。根据上文“When Jenny was in the fourth grade(珍妮上四年级的时候)”可知，几年后珍妮上了高中。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，她的英语老师斯莱顿夫人给全班布置了一个关于他们将来要做什么的。A. suggestion建议；B. notice通知；C. present礼物；D. task任务。根据后文“about what they would be doing in the future”可知，老师的任务是关于他们将来要做什么。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：所以她写了下来。A. Before在……之前；B. Though虽然；C. Unless除非；D. So所以。结合前后文语境可知，她认为自己可以做女服务员，所以写了下来。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为你将能够做一些充满挑战的事情。A. able能够的；B. glad高兴的；C. ready准备好的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后文“Jenny felt excited”可知，珍妮感到高兴，因此推断老师认为珍妮能够做一些充满挑战的事情。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珍妮感到很兴奋，但她仍然担心自己会再次被嘲笑。A. thankful感谢的；B. excited兴奋的；C. worried担心的；D. regretful后悔的。根据后文“that she would be laughed at again”可知，她担心自己被嘲笑。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：如果你不去追求你的梦想，那么没有人会为你做这件事。A. nobody没有人；B. somebody某人；C. anybody任何人；D. everybody每个人。根据上文“If you don’t go for your dream”可知，只有自己追求自己的梦想，没有人会为你做这件事。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯莱顿夫人的话给了珍妮很大的鼓励。A. praised赞美；B. encouraged鼓励；C. required需要；D. punished惩罚。根据后文“After ten years of hard work, Jenny’s dream came true.(经过十年的努力，珍妮的梦想实现了)”可知，老师的话鼓励了珍妮，帮助她实现了梦想。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成为世界上最早的三个女飞行员之一。A. artists艺术家；B. waitresses女服务员；C. pilots飞行员；D. teachers老师。呼应上文“she wanted to become an airplane pilot in the future”指她想成为飞行员的梦想成真了。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xi’an, capital city of Shaanxi, served as the capital of 13 dynasties in Chinese history, which in total ___36___ (last) about 1,100 years. As a result, the ancient history of Shaanxi is to some degree the ancient history of China. Shaanxi History Museum considers ___37___ a duty to be a showcase of Chinese ancient civilization (文明). People call Shaanxi History Museum “Bright Pearl in Ancient Capital and Precious Treasure of China”, for it is an art palace ___38___ (full) showing Shaanxi history and culture as well as Chinese ancient civilization. Its architectural buildings and exhibits have made it famous as a first-class museum in China ___39___ it was opened to the public in 1991. It covers ___40___ total area of 65,000 square meters. The basic halls in the museum are divided ___41___ three exhibition halls with 2,000 cultural remains to display the history of ancient times in chronological (编年的) order. The first exhibition hall ___42___ (locate) on the ground floor while the other two are on the second floor. While ___43___ (design) the buildings in Shaanxi History Museum, the great designer used ___44___ (tradition) palace construction of Tang Dynasty for reference. Adopting symmetry axis (轴对称) layout with main and supporting buildings in order, the complex (复杂的) ____45____ (building) show the unique presence of Tang Dynasty. 【答案】36. lasted 37. it 38. fully 39. since 40. a 41. into 42. is located 43. designing 44. traditional 45. buildings 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了陕西历史博物馆，主要包括其重要地位、占地面积、展厅情况以及建筑风格等。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：西安是陕西的省会，是中国历史上13个朝代的都城，共持续了约1100年。空处作which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，结合“13 dynasties in Chinese history”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，因此用last“持续”的过去式形式。故填lasted。 【37题详解】 考查固定结构。句意：陕西历史博物馆以展示中国古代文明为己任。根据“considers”和“a duty to be a showcase”可知，此处用固定结构consider it sth to do表示“把做某事看作是……”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。故填it。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：人们称陕西历史博物馆为“古都明珠，华夏宝库”，因为它是一座充分展示陕西历史文化和中国古代文明的艺术殿堂。空处修饰动词showing，full的副词形式fully符合题意，意为“充分地”。故填fully。 【39题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：自1991年向公众开放以来，它的建筑和展品使它成为中国一流的博物馆。空处前后均为完整的句子，前一句使用现在完成时，后一句使用一般过去时，结合句意可知，空处应用意为“自从……”的从属连词since引导时间状语从句，表示从过去某一时间点开始，持续到现在的状态或事件。故填since。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它占地总面积65000平方米。固定短语an area of意为“……的面积”，且total的发音以辅音音素开头，不定冠词应用a。故填a。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：博物馆的基本展厅分为三个展厅，其中有2000件文物，按时间顺序展示古代历史。根据“are divided”和“three exhibition halls”可知，此处应用短语be divided into表示“被分为……”。故填into。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：第一个展厅位于一楼，另外两个展厅位于二楼。空处作句子的谓语，结合“while the other two are on the second floor”可知，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，locate“位于”和主语The first exhibition hall之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is located。 【43题详解】 考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在设计陕西历史博物馆的建筑时，这位伟大的设计师借鉴了传统的唐代宫殿建筑。此处用了while引导时间状语从句，从句无主语，为省略形式，对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，design“设计”和被省略的主语the great designer之间是主动关系，design应用现在分词形式，完整形式为while the great designer was designing the buildings in Shaanxi History Museum。故填designing。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在设计陕西历史博物馆的建筑时，这位伟大的设计师借鉴了传统的唐代宫殿建筑。空处是修饰palace construction的定语，tradition的形容词形式traditional符合题意，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 【45题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：建筑群采用对称轴线布局，主、辅建筑依次排列，呈现出独特的唐代风貌。空处作主语，结合谓语“show”可知，可数名词building“建筑物”应用复数形式。故填buildings。 四、书面表达（15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 John 来信向你了解中国音乐。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 中国音乐的种类； 2. 音乐给人带来的益处； 3. 你喜欢的音乐类型及原因。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear John, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear John, I’m glad to receive your e-mail. As a music lover like you, I’d like to introduce Chinese music to you and share my opinion about music with you. There are many kinds of music in China, the most important of which are classical music, folk music and pop music. It’s well-known that music can help us reduce stress, learn about more culture, and make more friends. I enjoy pop music. It not only brings me both excitement and lovely tunes, but it is easy to learn. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给想要了解中国音乐的英国朋友John回信，向他介绍1. 中国音乐的种类；2. 音乐给人带来的益处；3. 你喜欢的音乐类型及原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 想要做某事：would like to do sth.→feel like doing sth. 帮助某人做某事：help sb. do sth.→assist sb. to do sth. 喜欢：enjoy→be fond of 2.句式拓展 并列句变倒装句 原句：It not only brings me both excitement and lovely tunes, but it is easy to learn. 拓展句：Not only does it bring me both excitement and lovely tunes, but it is easy to learn. 【点睛】【高分句型1】There are many kinds of music in China, the most important of which are classical music, folk music and pop music. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】It’s well-known that music can help us reduce stress, learn about more culture, and make more friends. (运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句) 听力1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. completely damaged 17. immediately 18. through the holes 19. at least 24 hours 20. working again 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$