考点清单02 句子成分与基本句型（精讲精练）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考点清单 02 句子成分和八种基本句型 一．句子成分要明确 英语句子成分是指主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语、表语、同位语。其中，句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，宾语、定语、状语、补足语是次要成分。 1.主语（subject）--主语是动作或状态的执行者 也是句子的陈述对象，说明是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等组成，位于句首。当句子变被动语态时，原来的主语被宾语替代。 The scenery is impressive. 景色怡人。 I broke a cup A cup was broken by me. 2.谓语（predicate）---主语发出的动作或状态 谓语是句子的灵魂，置于主语之后，描述主语发出的动作或状态和特征。谓语有独立谓语和复合谓语，独立谓语即单个的实义动词，复合谓语是由情态动词/助动词+动词构成。谓语有时态、语态、主谓一致的变化。 Huang Yuting won the first gold meda for China in the 2024 Paris Olympic Games You can achieve your dream in the future. 3.宾语（object）--谓语动作的承受者 由名词、代词、不定式、等名词性质的成分充当。通常放在及物动词和介词之后。 Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha beat the competitor and won a gold medal. 4.宾补（object complement）--宾语补足语的简称 是对宾语进行补充说明的成分，一般在宾语之后。常做宾补的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。 Watching the Olympic Games at the stadium made me on the top of the world. The intelligent house can walk with the computing technology controlling its legs. 5.表语（predicative）说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样” 常位于系动词后,常用作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、介词短语、表语从句等。 （1）五感： look , sound , smell , taste , feel （从眼睛开始从上到下记忆） （2）五变： grow , turn , get ,go , become （3）三保持：keep , stay , remain （4）二像：seem, appear （5）一是： be ( am , is , are , was , were ) As Steve Jobs once said, one should stay hungry and stay foolish . 正如乔布斯曾经所说，一个人应该求知若饥，虚心若愚。 6.定语（attribute）--修饰、限定名词或代词 名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语或定语从句都可以用作定语。单个单词通常做前置定语，短语或从句作定语通常放在被修饰词后，作后置定语。 The hard-working students are sure to succeed. The patients can use replacement hearts made by 3D printers. The girl who win the Pingpang game during the 2024 Olympic Games is called Chen Meng. 7.状语（adverbial）--修饰动词、形容词和副词和句子 表示动作、行为发生的时间、原因、地点、方式、目的、程度或让步等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等副词性质的成分来充当。 With butterflies in my stomach, I pushed the door open. The girls entered the room , delighted and excited. 8.同位语（appositive）对名词或代词的进一步解释说明 与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位，常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。 The news that Wang Chuqin’s bat （球拍）was destroyed by design really annoyed us. Pan Zhanle, a boy from Zhejiang , won more than one gold medal in the 2024 Olympic Games. 二、八种基本句型 常见的基本句型有八种：①主谓(SV)；②主(系)表(SP)；③主谓宾(SVO)；④主谓宾宾(SVOO)；⑤主谓宾补(SVOC)；⑥主谓状(SVA)；⑦主谓宾状(SVOA)；⑧存现句(there引导的句子) The door opened.(SV)门开了。 She teaches English.(SVO)她教英语。 The flower smells sweet.(SP) 这朵花闻起来很香。 Mr. Smith lent me his car.(SVOO) → Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 The news made us very surprised.(SVOC) 这消息使我们很吃惊。 They lived in Beijing.(SVA)他们住在北京。 She put all the books on the desk.(SVOA) 她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 There is a small temple on the top of the mountain. (存现句)　山顶有座小庙。 【点拨】 (1)SVOO句子结构可以是：“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”或“主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋to/for＋间接宾语”。例如： Mother bought me a present = mother bought a present for me. (2)there be 结构中，there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语取得单复数方面的一致。 (3)分辨SVOO和SVOC诀窍：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 ①“The news makes me feel very happy.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A.SVO　　　　　　　 B.SV C.SP D.SVOC ②The sentence structure of “The high temperature makes people sleepy.” is ________. A.SP B.SVOC C.SVO D.SVOO ③What’s the sentence structure of “She found her seat easily.”？ A.SV B.SP C.SVOA D.SVOC ④The sentence “Mum bought me some nice presents” is ________. A.SP B.SVOC C.SVOO D.SVO 答案　①D　②B　③C　④C 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 2．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 3．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 4．You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 5．All of us considered him honest. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．定语 6．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 7．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 8．The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．定语 9．The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 10．Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied. A．状语 B．补语 C．定语 D．同位语 11．This experience faded from my memory until years later. A．SVOC B．SVOO C．SVC D．SV 二．指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4．I find my room clean and tidy. 5．I would like to give you some suggestions. 6．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9．What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 三．选出下面句子的基本句型，把正确选项字母写在横线上。 A．主谓宾宾(SVOO)    B．主谓宾补(SVOC) C．主系表(SVP)    D．主谓状(SVA) E.主谓宾状(SVOA) 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 四、语法填空 1．The following is a (summarize) of our conclusions. 2．You'd better (low) your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live. 3．We (amuse) to learn that she was to sing us a song. 4．As kids want to see Las Vegas and all (it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer holiday there this year. 五、翻译 1．这台机器出毛病了。(go wrong) _________________________________________________________________ 2．这不是他的错，因此跟他吵没用。（it is no use doing...) _________________________________________________________________ 3．森林污染严重影响了植物的生存, 其次也对野生动物造成了影响。（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________ 4．她给鸟买了个漂亮的笼子。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 5．这首歌使我放松。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 6．那个女孩开心地笑了。（主+谓+状）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________ 7．那些花看起来又新鲜又好看。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 8．正当我们要放弃希望之时，来了一封信。（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________ 9．We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. （用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子） _________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点清单 02 句子成分和八种基本句型 一．句子成分要明确 英语句子成分是指主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语、表语、同位语。其中，句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，宾语、定语、状语、补足语是次要成分。 1.主语（subject）--主语是动作或状态的执行者 也是句子的陈述对象，说明是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等组成，位于句首。当句子变被动语态时，原来的主语被宾语替代。 The scenery is impressive. 景色怡人。 I broke a cup A cup was broken by me. 2.谓语（predicate）---主语发出的动作或状态 谓语是句子的灵魂，置于主语之后，描述主语发出的动作或状态和特征。谓语有独立谓语和复合谓语，独立谓语即单个的实义动词，复合谓语是由情态动词/助动词+动词构成。谓语有时态、语态、主谓一致的变化。 Huang Yuting won the first gold meda for China in the 2024 Paris Olympic Games You can achieve your dream in the future. 3.宾语（object）--谓语动作的承受者 由名词、代词、不定式、等名词性质的成分充当。通常放在及物动词和介词之后。 Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha beat the competitor and won a gold medal. 4.宾补（object complement）--宾语补足语的简称 是对宾语进行补充说明的成分，一般在宾语之后。常做宾补的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。 Watching the Olympic Games at the stadium made me on the top of the world. The intelligent house can walk with the computing technology controlling its legs. 5.表语（predicative）说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样” 常位于系动词后,常用作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语、介词短语、表语从句等。 （1）五感： look , sound , smell , taste , feel （从眼睛开始从上到下记忆） （2）五变： grow , turn , get ,go , become （3）三保持：keep , stay , remain （4）二像：seem, appear （5）一是： be ( am , is , are , was , were ) As Steve Jobs once said, one should stay hungry and stay foolish . 正如乔布斯曾经所说，一个人应该求知若饥，虚心若愚。 6.定语（attribute）--修饰、限定名词或代词 名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语或定语从句都可以用作定语。单个单词通常做前置定语，短语或从句作定语通常放在被修饰词后，作后置定语。 The hard-working students are sure to succeed. The patients can use replacement hearts made by 3D printers. The girl who win the Pingpang game during the 2024 Olympic Games is called Chen Meng. 7.状语（adverbial）--修饰动词、形容词和副词和句子 表示动作、行为发生的时间、原因、地点、方式、目的、程度或让步等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句等副词性质的成分来充当。 With butterflies in my stomach, I pushed the door open. The girls entered the room , delighted and excited. 8.同位语（appositive）对名词或代词的进一步解释说明 与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位，常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。 The news that Wang Chuqin’s bat （球拍）was destroyed by design really annoyed us. Pan Zhanle, a boy from Zhejiang , won more than one gold medal in the 2024 Olympic Games. 二、八种基本句型 常见的基本句型有八种：①主谓(SV)；②主(系)表(SP)；③主谓宾(SVO)；④主谓宾宾(SVOO)；⑤主谓宾补(SVOC)；⑥主谓状(SVA)；⑦主谓宾状(SVOA)；⑧存现句(there引导的句子) The door opened.(SV)门开了。 She teaches English.(SVO)她教英语。 The flower smells sweet.(SP) 这朵花闻起来很香。 Mr. Smith lent me his car.(SVOO) → Mr. Smith lent his car to me.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 The news made us very surprised.(SVOC) 这消息使我们很吃惊。 They lived in Beijing.(SVA)他们住在北京。 She put all the books on the desk.(SVOA) 她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 There is a small temple on the top of the mountain. (存现句)　山顶有座小庙。 【点拨】 (1)SVOO句子结构可以是：“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”或“主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋to/for＋间接宾语”。例如： Mother bought me a present = mother bought a present for me. (2)there be 结构中，there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语取得单复数方面的一致。 (3)分辨SVOO和SVOC诀窍：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。 ①“The news makes me feel very happy.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A.SVO　　　　　　　 B.SV C.SP D.SVOC ②The sentence structure of “The high temperature makes people sleepy.” is ________. A.SP B.SVOC C.SVO D.SVOO ③What’s the sentence structure of “She found her seat easily.”？ A.SV B.SP C.SVOA D.SVOC ④The sentence “Mum bought me some nice presents” is ________. A.SP B.SVOC C.SVOO D.SVO 答案　①D　②B　③C　④C 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 2．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 3．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 4．You will enjoy personal growth at high school. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 5．All of us considered him honest. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．定语 6．Grandma told me an interesting story last night. A．定语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．主语 7．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 8．The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．状语 D．定语 9．The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 10．Nowadays more and more students are working directly on the Internet where different types of course are supplied. A．状语 B．补语 C．定语 D．同位语 11．This experience faded from my memory until years later. A．SVOC B．SVOO C．SVC D．SV 二．指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1．It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2．Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3．I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4．I find my room clean and tidy. 5．I would like to give you some suggestions. 6．They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7．We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9．What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 三．选出下面句子的基本句型，把正确选项字母写在横线上。 A．主谓宾宾(SVOO)    B．主谓宾补(SVOC) C．主系表(SVP)    D．主谓状(SVA) E.主谓宾状(SVOA) 1．Your flight will leave at 5:00 pm. 2．She loves the library because she loves books. 3．Our grandpa often tells us stories about Chairman Mao on Sundays. 4．To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. 5．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 四、语法填空 1．The following is a (summarize) of our conclusions. 2．You'd better (low) your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live. 3．We (amuse) to learn that she was to sing us a song. 4．As kids want to see Las Vegas and all (it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer holiday there this year. 五、翻译 1．这台机器出毛病了。(go wrong) _________________________________________________________________ 2．这不是他的错，因此跟他吵没用。（it is no use doing...) _________________________________________________________________ 3．森林污染严重影响了植物的生存, 其次也对野生动物造成了影响。（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________ 4．她给鸟买了个漂亮的笼子。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 5．这首歌使我放松。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 6．那个女孩开心地笑了。（主+谓+状）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________ 7．那些花看起来又新鲜又好看。(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________ 8．正当我们要放弃希望之时，来了一封信。（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________ 9．We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. （用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子） _________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：不管任务有多难，我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知，该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，主语为“we”，谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”，“this month”为句子的宾语，划线部分为谓语。故选A。 2．A 【详解】考查成分。句意：他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语，主语为he；a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 3．A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语，made是谓语，it是形式宾语，clear是宾语补足语，that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 4．C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你会在高中享受个人成长。you是主语；will enjoy是谓语；personal growth是宾语；at high school是状语。故填C项。 5．C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们都认为他是诚实的。分析句子可知，All of us在本句中作主语； considered为谓语；him为宾语；honest为宾补，对宾语进行补充说明。故选C项。 6．C 【详解】考查句子成分分析。句意：奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。根据句子成分分析可知，该句划线短语last night意为“昨晚”作句子的时间状语成分。故选C项。 7．C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当春天来临时，树木变绿。分析句子结构可知，Trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语；when spring comes为时间状语从句，状语从句中spring为主语，comes为谓语。故选A项。 8．D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：日本制造的汽车比德国制造的汽车更好。本句为主系表结构。划线词为非谓语动词，为过去分词作后置定语。表示“日本制造的汽车”。故选D。 9．D 【详解】考查成分。句意：站在树下的那个女孩是他的女儿。划线部分为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词girl。故选D。 10．C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：如今，越来越多的学生直接在互联网上学习不同类型的课程。此处划线部分为定语从句修饰先行词Internet，故选C。 11．D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这段经历多年以后才从我的记忆中淡去。A. SVOC主谓宾宾补；B. SVOO主谓宾宾；C. SVC主系表；D. SV主谓。This experience为主语，faded为谓语，from my memory为地点状语，until years later为时间状语，句子为“主+谓”关系，即SV。故选D项。 1．状语 2．主语 3．宾语 4．宾语补足语 5．直接宾语 6．状语 7．宾语 8．表语 9．主语 【解析】1．考查状语。句意：它将于下周五下午3点至5点在学校演讲厅举行。It 作主语；will be held作谓语；in the school lecture hall 作地点状语；from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. 作时间状语；next Friday 作时间状语。故填状语。 2．考查主语。句意：我们的努力工作最后会被回报的。Our hard work作主语；will  be rewarded 作谓语；finally作状语。故填主语。 3．考查宾语。句意：我在去年的英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。I 作主语；won作谓语；first prize作宾语；in the English Speech Competition作地点状语；last year作时间状语。故填宾语。 4．考查宾语补足语。句意：我发现我的房间干净整洁。I 作主语；find 作谓语；my room作宾语；clean and tidy 作宾语补足语。故填宾语补足语。 5．考查直接宾语。句意：我想给你一些建议。I作主语；would like to give 作谓语；you作间接宾语；some suggestions作直接宾语。故填直接宾语。 6．考查状语。句意：他们应该利用业余时间仔细品尝这些美妙的作品。They作主语；should make use of 作谓语；their spare time作宾语；to taste these wonderful works carefully作目的状语。故填状语。 7．考查宾语。句意：我们真诚希望您的健康会很快改善。We作主语；hope作谓语；that your health will improve soon整个句子作hope的宾语。故填宾语。 8．考查表语。句意：问题是没人知道这个新医院的地址。The question作主语；is 作谓语；that no one knows the location of the new hospital整个句子作表语。故填表语。 9．考查主语。句意：你刚才所说的没有使我开心。What you said just now作整个主句的主语；didn’t make 作谓语；me作宾语；happy作宾语补足语。故填主语。 1．D 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．B 【解析】1．考查句子成分。句意：您的航班将于下午5点起飞。分析句子可知，Your flight 为主语；will leave为谓语；at 5:00 pm为时间状语。故选D项。 2．考查句子成分。句意：她喜欢图书馆，因为她喜欢书。分析句子可知，She为主语；loves 为谓语；the library 为宾语；because she loves books为原因状语。故选E项。 3．考查句子成分。句意：我们爷爷经常在星期天告诉我们讲毛主席的故事。分析句子可知，Our grandpa为主语； tells为谓语； us为间接宾语；stories about Chairman Mao 为直接宾语。故选A项。 4．考查句子成分。句意：没有老师的帮助做今天的家庭作业很难。分析句子可知，To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help 为主语；is为系动词； very difficult为表语。故选C项。 5．考查句子成分。句意：她喜欢孩子们在阅览室看报纸和书。分析句子可知，She为主语； likes为谓语； the children 为宾语； to read newspapers and books in the reading-room为宾补。故选B项。 1．summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：以下是我们结论的总结。由空前a及空后of可知，此处是使用名词单数形式。故填summary。 2．lower 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低你的标准。根据句意，此处是“had better+动词原形”，所填词是动词原形；low是形容词，此处需要把low变成动词lower，意思为“降低”。故填lower。 3．were amused 【详解】考查时态和句子结构。句意：得知她要给我们唱首歌，我们很高兴。根据she was to sing us a song.可知，本句为一般过去时，本句为主系表状结构，be amused to do sth“ 很愉快做某事”。故填were amused。 4．its 【详解】考查代词。句意：由于孩子们想参观拉斯维加斯及其众多景点，我们今年将在那里度过暑假。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词attractions。故填its。 1．The machine went wrong./The machine has gone wrong. 【详解】考查句子结构，时态和短语。主语“这台机器”可翻译为the machine；“出毛病”可翻译为go wrong，wrong在这里为副词，意为“错误地”。结合所给汉语可知句子用一般过去时态或现在完成时态，故答案为：The machine went wrong./The machine has gone wrong. 2．It’s not his fault, so it is no use quarreling with him. 【详解】考查固定句型、时态以及句子结构。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。“这不是他的错”可译为It’s not his fault，为主系表结构。短语it is no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”，为固定句型。与.....某人吵架为“quarrel with sb”。so连接词两个句子。故翻译为：It’s not his fault, so it is no use quarreling with him. 3．The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, to a lesser extent, wildlife. 【详解】考查句子结构，时态以及固定短语。分析汉语句子可知，主语为“森林污染”，用名词短语“the pollution of the forest”表达，“严重地”作状语，修饰动词，用副词“seriously”表达，“影响”作谓语动词，用“affect”表达，结合语境，这里用现在完成时，主谓一致，应是“has affected”，“植物的生存”用名词短语“plant life”表达，“野生动物”用名词“wildlife”表达，与“plant life”并列，用“and”连接。“其次”用短语“to a lesser extent”表达，做插入语，置于“wildlife”之前，“and”之后。故翻译为：The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and, to a lesser extent, wildlife. 4．She bought the bird a beautiful cage. 【详解】考查句子结构。本句为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，应用buy sb. sth.，意为“给某人买某物”。这里描述过去发生的事情，因此句子使用一般过去时。“鸟”可表示为the bird，作间接宾语；“漂亮的”可表示为beautiful，为形容词，作定语修饰名词“笼子”cage，a beautiful cage作直接宾语。故本句可翻译为：She bought the bird a beautiful cage. 5．This song makes me relaxed. 【详解】考查句子结构。本句为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，结合句中的“使”可知，这里应用“make sb.+adj.”结构。主语“这首歌”可表示为this song；宾语“我”用宾格形式me；宾补“放松”可用形容词relaxed表示。本句陈述的是现实情况，应用一般现在时，主语为单数，因此谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故本句可翻译为：This song makes me relaxed. 6．That girl smiled happily. 【详解】考查基本句型。根据要求，本句为“主谓状”结构，主语为“那个女孩”That girl；谓语为“笑了”smile的过去式smiled ，表示发生在过去的动作，状语为“开心地”happily，副词作状语，故翻译为：That girl smiled happily.。 7．Those flowers look fresh and beautiful. 【详解】考查形容词和时态。句子描述的是现在的状态，时态用一般现在时。中文句子中的“那些花”翻译为The flowers，在句中作主语；“看起来”翻译为look，在句中作谓语；“又新鲜又好看”翻译为fresh and beautiful，作表语。故译为The flowers look fresh and beautiful。 8．As we were on the point of giving up hope, a letter arrived. 【详解】考查句子结构，时间状语从句和固定短语。根据所给出的汉语可知，“正当我们要放弃希望之时”作整个句子的时间状语从句，用句型“as +主语+be on the point of doing”表达，意为“某人即将（正要）做某事的时候”。其中，主语为“我们”，用“we”表达；“be”为系动词，结合语境，用一般过去时，用“were”；“放弃”用动词短语“give up”表达，作介词“of”的宾语，用动名词形式“giving up”；“希望”用名词“hope”表达。因此，从句译为“as we were on the point of giving up hope”。主句主语“一封信”用“a letter”表达，谓语动词“来了”用“arrive”表达，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式“arrived”。故翻译为：As we were on the point of giving up hope, a letter arrived。 9．We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 【详解】分析原句可知，find后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是形式宾语，用it，important做宾补，说明宾语的性质或状态，句子真正的宾语是to learn a foreign language well。故改为We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$