考点清单05 由关系副词引导的定语从句（精讲精练）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考点清单 05 由关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which 表示地点、场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which 1.when，表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time， day, hour,year等。 e.g. July 4th is the day when Americans celebrate their independence.(7月4日是美国人庆祝独立的日子。) 2.where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表永她点的名词，如place，factory, house, village等。 e.g. The city where he lives is very beautiful. (他居住的城市非常美丽。) 3.why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语， 其先行词一般是reason 这个词。 e.g. That is the reason why I didn't go to the party.(那就是我没有去参加派对的原因。) I.关系副词 where where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，factory, house, village等。 将1.2两句话连成一句： 1.The hotel was very clean (那家旅馆很干净。) 2 We stayed at the hotel. (我呆在那家旅馆。) The hotel where we stayed was very clean. where在从句中代替at the hotel,作地点状语 【误区提示】 当行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。 This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。 (定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that/which, 不用关系副词Where) 当Position，Point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当光行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句。 It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同的角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。 II.关系副词 when when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time， day, hour,year等。 I'll never forget the time when we first met. (我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景） 【误区提示】 当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，则用that或which引导。 Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？ (when在从句中作状语) Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ (that/which作spent的宾语) III.关系副词 why why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason这个词。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.(我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。) why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语 可以用关系代词表述 The reason (that)/for which I got a job was that l worked hard. 【误区提示】 若替代先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或者宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。 I won't listen to the reason that / which you have given us. 我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。 (定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that,不用why) 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．It was in the village____________ he lived____________ we met by chance. A．that; that B．that; where C．where; that D．where; where 2．Has the doctor ever encountered a case ____ he was unable to cure the patient ____ their long-standing illness? A．that; of B．when; with C．in which; with D．where; of 3．Adults, ____ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ____ children do not. A．unless; but B．when; where C．although; and D．even if; unless 4．_________ was known to us all that John fell into the condition _________ his heart disqualified him for military service. A．As; which B．What; that C．It; where D．It; that 5．Though the steps are the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ______ offers a place ______ you can sit down to rest your aching legs. A．which; and B．and; which C．that; where D．and; where 6．Does anyone know the reason ______ he refused to sign the document? A．why B．which C．that D．who 7．Faced with many dilemmas she had to make hard choices, Lin Qiaozhi always put others first. A．as B．that C．where D．when 8．Plants get the nutrition from the soil ______ they grow. A．what B．which C．that D．where 9．The Space Camp is an educational camp ______ children can learn about space travel and have lunch with an astronaut. A．how B．where C．that D．as 10．My mother can always create a pleasant family atmosphere ________ all members care for each other. A．which B．when C．where D．that 11．Stephen Hawking believed that earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. A．that B．where C．why D．which 12．Finning, a type of fishing ________ sharks are caught and their fins cut off, kills millions of sharks every year. A．that B．which C．where D．when 13．Great changes have taken place in Xi’an — the city ________ once I worked for ten years is no longer ________ it was. A．that; what B．in which; that C．where; what D．/; that 14．It was in this important competition ________ I got second place ________ I realized my hard work indeed changed my career path. A．when; that B．where; that C．where; when D．that; where 15．—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15. A．which B．that C．who D．where 二、语法填空 16．Many countries are setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. 17．I’ll never forget the day I won the first prize in the 100-metre race in school. 18．There used to be a restaurant this store stands — Brady’s restaurant. 19．Gone are the days surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies. 20．He told us the days he was young were gone. 21．This is the last time I’ll give you a lesson. 22．The reason he was late was unclear. 23．This is the reason he was late for the meeting. 24．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 25．This is the house the inventor lived. 26．We have come to the point everyone has different opinions. 27．Winter was an awesome time ancient people would starve if food was difficult to find. 28．They have built a parking lot near the neighborhood, there is a charge for parking. 29．They made a resolution to go on a hike to a place there was neither noise nor pollution. 30．As you can see, the reason I' m here to tell the story is 31．I won’t forget the three years I lived on the farm with farmers, has a great effect on my life. 32．The teacher tries to create an atmosphere the students like studying. 33．There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. 34．Disney, money was now no problem, started a new film company. 35．Sea ice, polar bears spend much of their lives, is melting faster than experts predicted it would. 36．Snow fell in the polar regions, it didn’t melt but collected to great depths. 37．One major breakthrough came in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched. 38．The final proof came when an enormous shipyard (discover) in Nanjing, the fleet had been built. 39．More nature-centred tourist attractions, man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted. 三、翻译 40．史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。(非限制性定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 41．我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你住的城市开会。（where引导定语从句）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．他失败的原因是他不够刻苦。(定从+表从)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ . 43．曾经有一段时间我们相处得很好，一起学习，一起玩游戏． ________________________________________________________________________________________ 44．他开始在心里一遍一遍的想象着同李华共同学习的幸福场面。(picture  v) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．无论我们生活在哪里， 节日都是让我们享受轻松氛围的时刻。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点清单 05 由关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which 表示地点、场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which 1.when，表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time， day, hour,year等。 e.g. July 4th is the day when Americans celebrate their independence.(7月4日是美国人庆祝独立的日子。) 2.where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表永她点的名词，如place，factory, house, village等。 e.g. The city where he lives is very beautiful. (他居住的城市非常美丽。) 3.why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语， 其先行词一般是reason 这个词。 e.g. That is the reason why I didn't go to the party.(那就是我没有去参加派对的原因。) I.关系副词 where where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，factory, house, village等。 将1.2两句话连成一句： 1.The hotel was very clean (那家旅馆很干净。) 2 We stayed at the hotel. (我呆在那家旅馆。) The hotel where we stayed was very clean. where在从句中代替at the hotel,作地点状语 【误区提示】 当行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。 This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。 (定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that/which, 不用关系副词Where) 当Position，Point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当光行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句。 It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同的角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。 II.关系副词 when when表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time， day, hour,year等。 I'll never forget the time when we first met. (我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景） 【误区提示】 当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，则用that或which引导。 Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？ (when在从句中作状语) Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ (that/which作spent的宾语) III.关系副词 why why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason这个词。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.(我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。) why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语 可以用关系代词表述 The reason (that)/for which I got a job was that l worked hard. 【误区提示】 若替代先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或者宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。 I won't listen to the reason that / which you have given us. 我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。 (定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that,不用why) 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．It was in the village____________ he lived____________ we met by chance. A．that; that B．that; where C．where; that D．where; where 2．Has the doctor ever encountered a case ____ he was unable to cure the patient ____ their long-standing illness? A．that; of B．when; with C．in which; with D．where; of 3．Adults, ____ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ____ children do not. A．unless; but B．when; where C．although; and D．even if; unless 4．_________ was known to us all that John fell into the condition _________ his heart disqualified him for military service. A．As; which B．What; that C．It; where D．It; that 5．Though the steps are the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ______ offers a place ______ you can sit down to rest your aching legs. A．which; and B．and; which C．that; where D．and; where 6．Does anyone know the reason ______ he refused to sign the document? A．why B．which C．that D．who 7．Faced with many dilemmas she had to make hard choices, Lin Qiaozhi always put others first. A．as B．that C．where D．when 8．Plants get the nutrition from the soil ______ they grow. A．what B．which C．that D．where 9．The Space Camp is an educational camp ______ children can learn about space travel and have lunch with an astronaut. A．how B．where C．that D．as 10．My mother can always create a pleasant family atmosphere ________ all members care for each other. A．which B．when C．where D．that 11．Stephen Hawking believed that earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. A．that B．where C．why D．which 12．Finning, a type of fishing ________ sharks are caught and their fins cut off, kills millions of sharks every year. A．that B．which C．where D．when 13．Great changes have taken place in Xi’an — the city ________ once I worked for ten years is no longer ________ it was. A．that; what B．in which; that C．where; what D．/; that 14．It was in this important competition ________ I got second place ________ I realized my hard work indeed changed my career path. A．when; that B．where; that C．where; when D．that; where 15．—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15. A．which B．that C．who D．where 二、语法填空 16．Many countries are setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. 17．I’ll never forget the day I won the first prize in the 100-metre race in school. 18．There used to be a restaurant this store stands — Brady’s restaurant. 19．Gone are the days surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies. 20．He told us the days he was young were gone. 21．This is the last time I’ll give you a lesson. 22．The reason he was late was unclear. 23．This is the reason he was late for the meeting. 24．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 25．This is the house the inventor lived. 26．We have come to the point everyone has different opinions. 27．Winter was an awesome time ancient people would starve if food was difficult to find. 28．They have built a parking lot near the neighborhood, there is a charge for parking. 29．They made a resolution to go on a hike to a place there was neither noise nor pollution. 30．As you can see, the reason I' m here to tell the story is 31．I won’t forget the three years I lived on the farm with farmers, has a great effect on my life. 32．The teacher tries to create an atmosphere the students like studying. 33．There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. 34．Disney, money was now no problem, started a new film company. 35．Sea ice, polar bears spend much of their lives, is melting faster than experts predicted it would. 36．Snow fell in the polar regions, it didn’t melt but collected to great depths. 37．One major breakthrough came in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched. 38．The final proof came when an enormous shipyard (discover) in Nanjing, the fleet had been built. 39．More nature-centred tourist attractions, man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted. 三、翻译 40．史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。(非限制性定语从句) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 41．我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你住的城市开会。（where引导定语从句）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．他失败的原因是他不够刻苦。(定从+表从)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ . 43．曾经有一段时间我们相处得很好，一起学习，一起玩游戏． ________________________________________________________________________________________ 44．他开始在心里一遍一遍的想象着同李华共同学习的幸福场面。(picture  v) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．无论我们生活在哪里， 节日都是让我们享受轻松氛围的时刻。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．C 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：就是在他住的那个村子里，我们偶然相遇了。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导；第二空和前面的It was构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语in the village，使用that。故选C。 2．D 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。句意：医生是否曾遇到过无法治愈病人长期患病的情况？第一空为关系词引导限制性定语从句，case是先行词，意为“阶段，情况”，是一个抽象名词，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，因此使用关系副词where引导定语从句；第二空为固定短语cure sb of sth意为“治愈某人的病”，所以第二空为介词of。故选D项。 3．B 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句意：成年人过分关注名利时，有时看不到简单事物中的快乐，而孩子们却能看到其中的快乐。第一空引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和be动词，表示“当……时候”应用when；第二空引导定语从句，从句完整句子为children do not fail to see the joy，从句缺状语，修饰先行词simple things，指代抽象概念的事物，应用关系副词where。故选B。 4．C 【详解】考查形式主语和定语从句。句意：我们大家都知道，约翰的心脏使他不适合服兵役。第一个空为it作形式主语，构成it was known to sb that...。第二空引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词condition，设空处指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故选C项。 5．D 【详解】考查并列句及定语从句。句意：尽管台阶是你攀登山峰过程中唯一不自然的事物，但它突出了整个冒险，提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你酸痛双腿的地方。“highlights the whole adventure”和“offers a place”都是it发出来的动作，it指代台阶。可以判断这里是并列句，使用and并列两个动词；横线二后引导一个定语从句，先行词是place，在从句中充当地点状语，应该使用where引导。故选D。 6．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有人知道他拒绝在文件上签字的原因吗？空格处为定语从句的连接词，在从句中作状语，表示原因，所以用why。故选A。 7．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：面对许多困境，她不得不做出艰难的选择，林巧稚总是把别人放在第一位。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词 dilemmas，指代先行词在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where。故选C。 8．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：植物从它们生长的土壤中获取营养。此处为设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词soil在从句中作地点状语，从句中动词grow是不及物动词，用关系副词where引导。故选D项。 9．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：太空营是一个教育营，孩子们可以学习太空旅行，并与宇航员共进午餐。定语从句修饰先行词educational camp，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导。故选B。 10．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：母亲总能营造一种愉悦的家庭氛围，让所有的家人都能(在这种氛围中)互相关心。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词atmosphere为抽象地点名词，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故选C项。 11．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金认为，地球不太可能是唯一一个生命逐渐发展的星球。这里考查定语从句，先行词为the only planet，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故选B项。 12．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鳍鱼捕鱼是一种捕获鲨鱼并割下鱼鳍的捕鱼方式，每年有数百万条鲨鱼死亡。A. that那个；B. which其中，哪一个；C.  where在哪里；D. when什么时候。空格处为定语从句引导词，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为“a type of fishing”，此处理解为一种抽象地点，所以应用关系副词where。故选C项。 13．C 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：西安发生了巨大的变化，我曾经工作过十年的城市已今非昔比。第一空为定语从句修饰先行词city，在从句作地点状语，故用where；第二空为表语从句，从句缺少表语，指事物应用what。故选C。 14．B 【详解】考查定语从句以及强调句型。句意：正是在这场重要的比赛中，我获得了第二名，我意识到我的努力确实改变了我的职业道路。第一个空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词competition，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。第二个空考查强调句型“It is/was +被强调的部分+that…”，所以第二个用that，本句话强调地点状语。故选B。 15．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：—你能相信我理一次发得花30美元吗？—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。句中the barber's是先行词，从句中go是不及物动词，所选关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以要用where。故选D。 16．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很多国家建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物可以被保护。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是national parks，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故填where。 17．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我在学校100米比赛中获得一等奖的那一天。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以用when引导。故填when。 18．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家店所在的地方曾经有一家餐厅——Brady餐厅。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词restaurant是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，作地点状语。故填where。 19．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：手术意味着给病人开刀的日子已经一去不复返了。现代医学为医生提供了侵入性较小的工具来对患病的身体进行手术。定语从句修饰先行词days，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 20． that when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他告诉我们他年轻的日子已经一去不复返了。第一空引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导；第二空定语从句修饰先行词days，在从句作时间状语，应用when。故填①that；②when。 21．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我最后一次给你上课。定语从句修饰先行词last time，在从句作时间状语，关系副词为when。故填when。 22．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因还不清楚。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词reason进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作原因状语，所以，应该用关系副词why引导从句。故填why。 23．why/for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他开会迟到的原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，可用why或for which。故填why/for which。 24．where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：对我们老师来说，创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词，关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。 25．where/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那个发明家居住的房子。分析句子可知，“the house”为先行词，引导词指代先行词，在从句中作状语，关系副词where引导定语从句作状语，另外本句中where可换成in which。故填where/in which。 26．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经到了每个人都有不同意见的地步。定语从句修饰先行词point，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 27．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：冬天是一个可怕的季节，如果食物很难找到，古代人会饿死。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，根先行词time指的是时间，所以此处使用关系副词when。故填when。 28．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们在小区附近建了一个停车场，那里停车是收费的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the neighborhood，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 29．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们决定去一个既没有噪音也没有污染的地方远足。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词a place指的是地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 30．why 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：正如你所看到的，我来这里讲述这个故事的原因是我做出了正确的决定。第1小题和第2小题为一句话（As you can see, the reason ___ I' m here to tell the story is ___ I made the right decision.），先行词the reason后接定语从句（______I' m here to tell the story），先行词在从句中做原因状语，应用关系副词why。故填why。 31． when which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不会忘记我和农民一起在农场生活的三年，这对我的生活有很大的影响。 第一个空格处引导限制性定语从句，对先行词three years进行限定说明，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句。第二个空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面句子的内容进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词which引导从句。故填when；which。 32．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师试图创造一种学生喜欢学习的气氛。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词atmosphere表示“气氛”，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 33．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：没有简单的答案，在科学中情况经常是这样。“ is often the case in science”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，且该从句中缺少主语，结合句意，应用特殊关系代词as引导该从句，as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放在主句之前、之后或主句的中间，意为“正如，正像”；as is often the case“正如通常那样”。故填as。 34．for whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于迪斯尼来说，现在钱已经不成问题了，于是他开始了一家新的电影公司。“ money was now no problem”为定语从句，修饰先行词Disney，且定语从句中缺少“对于……来说”的意思，故应用“介词for+whom”引导该定语从句，其中关系代词whom将先行词代入从句作宾语。故填for whom。 35．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：北极熊一生中大部分时间都在那里度过的海冰融化速度比专家预测的要快。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词sea ice，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 36．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在极地地区，雪没有融化，而是积聚到很深的地方。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the polar regions，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 37．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个重大突破出现在1990年，当时哈勃太空望远镜发射升空。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1990，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 38． was discovered where 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态以及定语从句。句意：最终的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，这支舰队就是在那里建造而成。①空处是when引导的从句的谓语动词，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语an enormous shipyard与discover是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故①空填was discovered；②空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an enormous shipyard，空处在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填①was discovered；②where。 39．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：更多以自然为中心、人与自然和谐相处的旅游景点将受到严重影响。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词tourist attractions意为“旅游景点”表示地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 40．Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“史密斯先生”应用Mr Smith；表示“是”应用be，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为Mr Smith，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“一位著名的科学家”应用a famous scientist；表示“我”应用I；表示“从……学到”应用learn...from，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have；表示“许多东西”应用a lot；将“我从他那儿学了许多东西”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词Mr Smith，指人，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语。故翻译成：Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 41．I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend a meeting. 【详解】考查时态，宾语从句，主谓一致和定语从句。“我写信”用现在进行时，是I’m writing，“是想告诉你”用不定式表目的，是to tell you that，that引导宾语从句，“我叔叔李明”是my uncle Li Ming，“要去”是be going to，主语Li Ming是单数，be动词用is，“城市”是the city，“你住的”用where引导定语从句，“你住”是you live，“开会”是attend a meeting，用不定式表目的，因此整句话翻译为“I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend a meeting”。故答案为I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend a meeting. 42．The reason why he failed was that he was not diligent enough. 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。根据句意可知，本句时态可用一般过去时来表示过去的经常性动作。表示“原因”可用名词短语the reason作主语；表示“他失败”可用定语从句why he failed来修饰限定主语；表示“是”可用be动词was作谓语；表示“他不够刻苦”可用从句he was not diligent enough作表语，又因为从句成份和意义都完整，所以用that来引导表语从句。故答案为The reason why he failed was that he was not diligent enough. 43．There was a time when we got along/on well with each other， studying and playing games together/and we studied and played games together． 【详解】考查一般过去时和定语从句。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，本句涉及定语从句，a time 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作状语，所以关系副词为where。定语从句的谓语为get along/on well with意为"与……相处得好"，studying and playing games together是现在分词短语作状语，也可以转换成并列句and we studied and played games together。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：There was a time when we got along/on well with each other， studying and playing games together/and we studied and played games together。 44．He began to picture over and over again in his mind the happy scene where he and Li Hua studied together. 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定搭配、定语从句、形容词、副词。表示“他”用he，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“开始”用begin，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“想象”用picture，用不定式，作宾语。表示“一遍一遍的”用固定搭配over and over again。“在他的脑海里”用in his mind。表示“幸福的”用形容词happy，作前置定语，修饰名词“场面”。表示“场面”用名词scene，作picture的宾语，此处为特指，happy scene前加the。表示“同李华共同学习”用定语从句，先行词是the happy scene，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，从句中：表示“他和李华”用he and Li Hua，作主语；表示“学习”用study，从句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“一起”用副词together，作状语，修饰studied。故翻译为He began to picture over and over again in his mind the happy scene where he and Li Hua studied together. 45．No matter where we live, festivals are occasions when we can enjoy the relaxing atmosphere. 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“无论在哪里”使用no matter where引导让步状语从句，从句主语“我们”we；“生活”live；主句主语“节日”festival，使用复数形式表示泛指，be动词使用are，表语“时刻”occasion，使用复数形式表示泛指，“让我们享受轻松氛围的”使用定语从句结构，修饰先行词occasions，“能够享受”can enjoy，宾语“轻松氛围”the relaxing atmosphere，先行词occasions指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导从句。故翻译为No matter where we live, festivals are occasions when we can enjoy the relaxing atmosphere. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$