考点清单04 由关系代词引导的定语从句（精讲精练）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考点清单04 由关系代词引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句就相当于一个长长的“形容词”。定语从句由先行词，关系词，从句 三部分组成。其中关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有： Who/ whom /whose /that/ which/as。下面我们来看一下关系代词引导定语从句的具体用法： 牢记：当定语从句中缺主语、宾语、定语等成分时选择关系代词 (1)who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 当先行词是人的时候，关系词可从who，whom,whose,that中选择。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略,在口语中可用who代替whom。whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 例如： People who are curious about new things often like exploring. 对新事物充满好奇的人通常喜欢探索。（定语从句缺主语） The man who/whom/that you talked to just now is my teacher.　 你刚才谈话的那个人是我老师。（定语从句缺宾语） Adam, whose father is a lawyer, wants to play in a band instead of being a lawyer . 父亲是位律师的亚当想成立乐队而不想成为律师。（定语从句缺定语） He lives in a house, whose window faces the south. 他住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。 (2)that/which/as引导的定语从句 当先行词是“物”时，以上三个关系代词都可选，尤其是that 和which很多情况下是可互换的，但是有以下几种特殊情况它们不能互换： 只能用that引导的情况： ·1.先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·2.先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·3.先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·4.先行词含有人和物两者时。 ·5.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。 6. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。 例如： This is the very film that I want to see. 这正是我想看的一部影片。 The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well－known now. 你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。 It is the last chance that you can seize. 这是你能抓住的最后一个机会了。 只用which引导的情况 1·先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时 2·先行词本身是that时 3·先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时 4·引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时 例如： His failed to pass the exam, which was a surprise to his classmates. 他考试没及格，这对他同学来说是件令人吃惊的事情。 Richard’s published a new book in which he introduce a lot of Russian culture. 理查德出版了一本新书，在书中他介绍了大量的俄罗斯文化。 which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末 搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等，如as we all know 意思 这 正如……，正像……那样 例如： She failed again，which was unexpected. 她又失败，这是出乎意料的。 She failed again，as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她又失败了。 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．The factory has 500 workers, 40 percent________are women. A．of which B．of whom C．of them D．of that 2．She was educated at Beijing University, ______ She went on to have her advanced study abroad. A．after which B．from which C．from that D．after that 3．When we get together, we usually talk about the people and the things _______ we remember in the middle school. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 4．Yesterday I met a foreigner with a boy in the park ________ could speak very good Chinese. A．he B．which C．where D．who 5．If you want to be a well-liked student, first of all, you should keep promises. Don’t say anything ________ you can’t follow. A．who B．which C．that D．when 6．—What kind of books do you like best? —I like books ________ are about science and technology. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 7．The photo album reminded me of the things and people ______ had left a deep impression on me when I was in Junior High School. A．which B．who C．whom D．that 8．I still remember the teachers and the school I visited many years ago. A．that B．where C．which D．whom 9．There are many different groups of people around the world ______ live happily without new technology. A．whom B．who C．which D．where 10．—What do you think of the scientist Yuan Longping ________ was known as the “father of hybrid rice”? —He is one of the greatest scientists in my heart. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 11．Nowadays, people prefer the way ___________ technology simplifies online shopping processes, but it ____________ personal data security concerns. A．which; features B．which; competes C．that; complicates D．that; reduces 12．Never had they tasted such strange flavor before ____ was unique to this remote mountain village, ____ ingredients were simple but quite rare. A．that; whose B．as; which C．as; whose D．which; where 二、语法填空 1．John swims very well, but I don’t like the way he always shows off in public. 2．In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations would bring about positive emotions. 3．Those want to go on the riding trip please gather at the gate after school. 4．This is the factory they visited the other day. 5．Who was the man we saw at yesterday’s meeting? 6．Do you think the reason he gave is believable? 7．I’ve got a book here has lots of maps of China. 8．Confucius is the philosopher influence has been the greatest. 9．Tourism is the lifeblood of the communities call popular holiday destinations their homes. 10．The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. 11．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark. 12．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 13．In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 14．It’s such a difficult problem none of us can solve. 15．He is said to be not at home, in case we shall not go there. 16．She is very patient, is shown in her work. 17．Do you know the girl learns English best in our class? 18． was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. 19．Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, was well-known actor. 20．He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. 21．The sun’s rays beat down on the grains of sand, on the camels could not walk. 三、改错 1．This is a city where I will never forget. _____________ 2．We can hear birds singing happily all around. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.____________ 3．Mr. Sawyer started his career at Stanford University, which he became Professor of Physics in 2002.___________ 4．The prize will go to the writer who story shows the most imagination.__________ 5．I’ve read all the books which were borrowed from the library._____________ 6．Which is known to all, China is a developing country.____________ 7．The Science Museum, where we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 8．Once upon a time there was a rich merchant whom has 4 wives.____________ 9．The number of smokers, which is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.______________ 10．In the following years, there were fewer drop-outs and more college graduates in my village, on which I am proud even today._____________ 五、翻译 1．我们学校去年搬到了新校区，新校区是老校区的三倍大。（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________ 2．上班时间打盹的员工应该为此事故负责。（blame） _______________________________________________________________________ 3．许多名人的事迹证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。(prove)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 4．节日是一种让我们能够享受轻松氛围的时刻。(allow sb. to…; atmosphere) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 5．我高度评价那些为梦想而努力的同学。(定语从句) _______________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点清单04 由关系代词引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句就相当于一个长长的“形容词”。定语从句由先行词，关系词，从句 三部分组成。其中关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有： Who/ whom /whose /that/ which/as。下面我们来看一下关系代词引导定语从句的具体用法： 牢记：当定语从句中缺主语、宾语、定语等成分时选择关系代词 (1)who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 当先行词是人的时候，关系词可从who，whom,whose,that中选择。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略,在口语中可用who代替whom。whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 例如： People who are curious about new things often like exploring. 对新事物充满好奇的人通常喜欢探索。（定语从句缺主语） The man who/whom/that you talked to just now is my teacher.　 你刚才谈话的那个人是我老师。（定语从句缺宾语） Adam, whose father is a lawyer, wants to play in a band instead of being a lawyer . 父亲是位律师的亚当想成立乐队而不想成为律师。（定语从句缺定语） He lives in a house, whose window faces the south. 他住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。 (2)that/which/as引导的定语从句 当先行词是“物”时，以上三个关系代词都可选，尤其是that 和which很多情况下是可互换的，但是有以下几种特殊情况它们不能互换： 只能用that引导的情况： ·1.先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·2.先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·3.先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) ·4.先行词含有人和物两者时。 ·5.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。 6. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。 例如： This is the very film that I want to see. 这正是我想看的一部影片。 The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well－known now. 你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。 It is the last chance that you can seize. 这是你能抓住的最后一个机会了。 只用which引导的情况 1·先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时 2·先行词本身是that时 3·先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时 4·引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时 例如： His failed to pass the exam, which was a surprise to his classmates. 他考试没及格，这对他同学来说是件令人吃惊的事情。 Richard’s published a new book in which he introduce a lot of Russian culture. 理查德出版了一本新书，在书中他介绍了大量的俄罗斯文化。 which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末 搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等，如as we all know 意思 这 正如……，正像……那样 例如： She failed again，which was unexpected. 她又失败，这是出乎意料的。 She failed again，as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她又失败了。 专项训练 一、单项选择 1．The factory has 500 workers, 40 percent________are women. A．of which B．of whom C．of them D．of that 2．She was educated at Beijing University, ______ She went on to have her advanced study abroad. A．after which B．from which C．from that D．after that 3．When we get together, we usually talk about the people and the things _______ we remember in the middle school. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 4．Yesterday I met a foreigner with a boy in the park ________ could speak very good Chinese. A．he B．which C．where D．who 5．If you want to be a well-liked student, first of all, you should keep promises. Don’t say anything ________ you can’t follow. A．who B．which C．that D．when 6．—What kind of books do you like best? —I like books ________ are about science and technology. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 7．The photo album reminded me of the things and people ______ had left a deep impression on me when I was in Junior High School. A．which B．who C．whom D．that 8．I still remember the teachers and the school I visited many years ago. A．that B．where C．which D．whom 9．There are many different groups of people around the world ______ live happily without new technology. A．whom B．who C．which D．where 10．—What do you think of the scientist Yuan Longping ________ was known as the “father of hybrid rice”? —He is one of the greatest scientists in my heart. A．who B．what C．which D．whom 11．Nowadays, people prefer the way ___________ technology simplifies online shopping processes, but it ____________ personal data security concerns. A．which; features B．which; competes C．that; complicates D．that; reduces 12．Never had they tasted such strange flavor before ____ was unique to this remote mountain village, ____ ingredients were simple but quite rare. A．that; whose B．as; which C．as; whose D．which; where 二、语法填空 1．John swims very well, but I don’t like the way he always shows off in public. 2．In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations would bring about positive emotions. 3．Those want to go on the riding trip please gather at the gate after school. 4．This is the factory they visited the other day. 5．Who was the man we saw at yesterday’s meeting? 6．Do you think the reason he gave is believable? 7．I’ve got a book here has lots of maps of China. 8．Confucius is the philosopher influence has been the greatest. 9．Tourism is the lifeblood of the communities call popular holiday destinations their homes. 10．The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. 11．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark. 12．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 13．In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 14．It’s such a difficult problem none of us can solve. 15．He is said to be not at home, in case we shall not go there. 16．She is very patient, is shown in her work. 17．Do you know the girl learns English best in our class? 18． was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. 19．Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, was well-known actor. 20．He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. 21．The sun’s rays beat down on the grains of sand, on the camels could not walk. 三、改错 1．This is a city where I will never forget. _____________ 2．We can hear birds singing happily all around. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.____________ 3．Mr. Sawyer started his career at Stanford University, which he became Professor of Physics in 2002.___________ 4．The prize will go to the writer who story shows the most imagination.__________ 5．I’ve read all the books which were borrowed from the library._____________ 6．Which is known to all, China is a developing country.____________ 7．The Science Museum, where we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 8．Once upon a time there was a rich merchant whom has 4 wives.____________ 9．The number of smokers, which is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.______________ 10．In the following years, there were fewer drop-outs and more college graduates in my village, on which I am proud even today._____________ 五、翻译 1．我们学校去年搬到了新校区，新校区是老校区的三倍大。（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________ 2．上班时间打盹的员工应该为此事故负责。（blame） _______________________________________________________________________ 3．许多名人的事迹证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。(prove)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 4．节日是一种让我们能够享受轻松氛围的时刻。(allow sb. to…; atmosphere) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 5．我高度评价那些为梦想而努力的同学。(定语从句) _______________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂有500名工人，其中40%是女性。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为500 workers，表示“其中的40%”用40% of whom结构，先行词作介词of的宾语，表示人，用whom。故选B。 2．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她在北京大学接受教育，之后她去国外深造。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句，表达“在那之后”之意，用after which引导定语从句，选择A。 3．A 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：当我们聚在一起时，我们通常谈论我们在中学时记得的人和事。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作宾语，先行词为the people and the things，既有人又有物，应用that。故选A。 4．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我在公园里遇到一个外国人和一个男孩，他中文说得很好。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的关系词；在从句中作主语，且先行词boy指人，所以用关系代词who引导。故选D。 5．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果你想成为一个受人喜爱的学生，首先，你应该遵守诺言。不要说任何你无法遵守的话。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anything，先行词指物，为不定代词，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that作引导词。故选C。 6．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你最喜欢什么样的书？——我喜欢科学技术方面的书。空处引导定语从句，先行词是books，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导。故选C。 7．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本相册让我想起了初中时给我留下深刻印象的人和事。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the things and people，当先行词即有人又有物时，只能用that引导。故选D项。 8．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得许多年前我参观过的老师和学校。句中先行词为 the teachers and the school，既有人又有物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填A。 9．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下快乐地生活着。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，作从句的主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故选B。 10．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——你如何看待被称为“杂交水稻之父”的科学家袁隆平？——他是我心中最伟大的科学家之一。定语从句修饰先行词Yuan Longping，关系词在从句作主语，指人，应用who。故选A。 11．C 【详解】考查定语从句和动词词义辨析。句意：如今，人们更喜欢技术简化网上购物过程的方式，但它使个人数据安全问题复杂化。第一空定语从句修饰先行词way，可用that、in which或不填；第二空A. features使突出；B. competes比赛；C. complicates使复杂化；D. reduces减少。根据上文but表示转折，说明技术简化网上购物过程的方式，但是使个人数据安全问题复杂化。故选C。 12．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们从来没有尝过这个偏远山村独有的奇怪味道，那些食材简单却很罕见。第一空为关系词引导限制性定语从句，flavor是先行词，从句缺主语，先行词被such修饰时，应使用关系代词 as；第二空为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，mountain village是先行词，它和ingredients为所属关系，所以使用whose作定语引导定语从句。故选C项。 13．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰游泳游得很好，但我不喜欢他总在公共场合炫耀的样子。way表示“方式、方法、作风、样子”，the way在限制性定语从句中作先行词，先行词替代关系词在从句中作方式状语，可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。故填that。 14．which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除了这种传统的医学治疗之外，他还试图让自己置身于能带来积极情绪的环境中。定语从句修饰先行词situations，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。 15．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些想要去骑行旅行的人请在放学后在校门口集合。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Those。先行词指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 16．which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他们那天拜访过的工厂。分析句子可知，空处前句主干结构完整，空后句子缺少宾语，考虑定语从句，先行词为factory，是事物，无特殊情况，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 17．who/whom/that 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：我们在昨天的会议上看到的那个人是谁？分析句子结构可知，此处需要填一个关系代词来引导定语从句，代替先行词“the man”在从句中充当宾语。在这种情况下，“who”、“whom”或“that”都可以用作关系代词。故who/whom/that 18．which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认为他给出的理由可信吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词指物，在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 19．which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我这里有一本书，里面有很多中国的地图。空格处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是book。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。 20．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孔子是影响力最大的哲学家。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the philosopher。先行词指人，在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 21．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：旅游业是那些把热门度假胜地称为家园的社区的命脉。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词communities，从句中缺少主语，用that引导定语从句。故填that。 22．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句，故填who或that。 23．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：夹克的边缘有一块在黑暗中会发光的布。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可以用that或which引导，故填that/which。 24．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们被它们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。________ had great experience with caring for these animals.是一个定语从句，先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语，指人，故填who。 25．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊的安慰食物，它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的联想。定语从句修饰先行词comfort food，在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose。 26．as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个我们谁也解不出来的难题。空处引导从句和such搭配的词有that引导状语从句，以及as引导定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用关系代词as引导的定语从句，先行词是problem，在从句中作宾语。故填as。 27．which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：据说他不在家，那样的话我们就不去那儿了。in which case 引导非限制性定语从句相当于and in this/ that case “如果是这样/那样的话”。故填which。 28．as/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如她的工作所展示出的那样，她很有耐心（她很有耐心，这一点在她的工作中已得到展示）。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故填as/which。 29．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道我们班那个女孩英语学得最好吗？空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词girl，关系词在从句作主语，指人，应用who/that。故填who/that。 30．As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：像往常一样，她忘了把作业带到学校来。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的主句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 31．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：里奥·尼尔森的童年很艰难，但他的生活中有一颗特别闪亮的明星——他的叔叔，一位著名的演员。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词uncle，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 32．of which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他有两本汉英词典，都是上周买的。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词two Chinese-English dictionaries，先行词指物，根据空前的both可知，应该用both of which的结构，which指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of 的宾语。故填of which。 33．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：阳光照在沙粒上，骆驼不能在沙粒上行走。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the grains of sand，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用on which引导，相当于where。故填which。 34．where→that/which 35．that→which 36．which→where 37．who→whose 38．which→that 39．Which→As 40．where→which 41．whom→who 42．which→as 43．on→of 【解析】34．考查定语从句。句意：这是一个我永远不会忘记的城市。此处引导限制性定语从句，定语从句缺少宾语，先行词city，指物，需用关系代词that/which引导。故将where改为that/which。 35．考查定语从句。句意：我们可以听到周围鸟儿快乐地歌唱。每个人都睡在帐篷里，这非常令人兴奋。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是前面的句子，需用关系代词which引导。故将that改为which。 36．考查定语从句。句意：索耶先生在斯坦福大学开始了他的职业生涯，并于2002年成为该大学物理学教授。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Stanford University，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故将which改为where。 37．考查定语从句。句意：这个奖项将颁发给故事最具想象力的作家。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the writer，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词story，需用关系代词whose引导。故将who改为whose。 38．考查定语从句。句意：我已经读完了从图书馆借来的所有书。此处引导限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词the books有限定词all修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故将which改为that。 39．考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是后面的主句，且关系词表示“正如”，应用关系代词as引导。故将Which改为As。 40．考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一次英国之旅中，我们参观了科学博物馆，它是伦敦的旅游景点之一。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Science Museum，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故将where改为which。 41．考查定语从句。句意：从前有一个富有的商人，他有四个妻子。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a rich merchant，指人，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故将whom改为who。 42．考查定语从句。句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内就下降了17%。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是主句内容讲的事，关系词表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故将which改为as。 43．考查定语从句。句意：在接下来的几年里，我们村里的辍学生少了，大学毕业生多了，即使到今天我也为此感到自豪。be proud of为固定短语，意为“以……为自豪”，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故将on改为of。 44．whose 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这位因译文准确而备受赞誉的译者成名了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词the translator，先行词在从句中作定语修饰translations，二者之间为所属关系，因此用whose引导从句。故填whose。 45．Our school moved to the new campus last year, which is three times larger than the old one. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。“去年”last year，主句使用一般过去时，主句主语“我们学校”our school，“搬到某地”move to，动词使用过去式形式，to后接宾语“新校区”the new campus，“新校区是老校区的三倍大”写为非限制性定语从句，从句描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，定语从句修饰先行词the new campus，指物，使用which引导从句，并在从句中作主语，be动词使用is，“三倍大”使用倍数表达法three times larger than，后接宾语“老校区”the old one。故翻译为Our school moved to the new campus last year, which is three times larger than the old one. 46．Employees who took naps on the job were to blame for the accident. 【详解】考查blame的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，关键词（组）：employee(员工)，take naps(打盹)，be to blame for(为……负责)，本句描述的事情已经发生，应使用一般过去时。故译为Employees who took naps on the job were to blame for the accident. 47．The deeds of many celebrities prove that those who can stick to their ideals are more likely to succeed. 【详解】考查名词，从句和动词。描述现实，用一般现在时。表示“事迹”应为deeds，表示“名人的事迹”为the deeds of many celebrities，为句子的主语，谓语为“prove”，表示“能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功”为that引导的宾语从句作prove的宾语，表示“能坚持理想的人”为定语从句，修饰先行词为those (people)且在从句中作主语，故为 those who can stick to their ideals，宾语从句的谓语为“更容易”为be more likely to...，成功为“succeed”。主谓一致，故为The deeds of many celebrities prove that those who can stick to their ideals are more likely to succeed。 48．Festivals are occasions that allow us to enjoy the relaxing atmosphere. 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。句子主语“节日”用复数形式festivals，表语“时刻”用复数形式occasions。定语从句修饰先行词occasions，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导。短语“让某人做某事”用allow sb. to do sth.，宾语“轻松氛围”用the relaxing atmosphere。陈述现阶段所发生的事情，使用一般现在时，故翻译为Festivals are occasions that allow us to enjoy the relaxing atmosphere. 49．I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams). 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，those为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who。高度评价为“ think highly of”。实现梦想为“achieve one’s dreams”。故翻译为:I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams). 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 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