考点清单03 简单句、并列句和主从复合句（精讲精练）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

考点串讲03 简单句、并列句、主从复合句（精讲精练） 英语共有三大句子结构，即简单句，并列句和主从复合句。 一．简单句 简单句，顾名思义是只含有一个主谓结构，只表达一个意思。并且各个成分均由单词或短语构成的句子。常见的句型为有以下五种： 1.主谓：The sun rose. 2.主谓宾：He bought a new book. 3.主谓双宾：He bought me a new book. 4.主谓宾宾补：His rudeness made me embarrassed. 5.主系表：He is a student. 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。即一个句子表达两件事，传达两个信息。两个被连接的简单句地位相等。常见的并列连词有以下几种： 表并列关系如: and, or, both..and.. neither..nor.. not only..but also. 表转折关系如: but, while, yet 表因果关系如: for, so 表选择关系如: or, either..or.. rather than.. 例句感知： 1.并列关系 He was cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿。 She spoke both French and English. 她既会说法语也会说英语。 It is neither hot nor cold. 天气既不热又不冷。 He can speak not only French but (also) English. 他不但会讲法而且会讲英语。 2.转折关系 He doesn't like music but his wife does. 他不喜欢音乐，可他的妻子却很喜欢。 Our team was good, yet it lost. 虽然我们队训练有素，但还是输了。 Some are rich while others are poor. 有的人富而有的人穷。 3.因果关系 Harry always tells a lie, so we don't believe him. 哈利总是说谎，所以我们不相信他。 I missed the beginning of the play, for I was late. 我没有看到话剧的开头部分，因为我迟到了。 4.选择关系 Do you want tea or coffee? 你要喝茶还是咖啡？(或者) She will be back either today or tomorrow. 她不是今天回来，就是明天回来。 I prefer to hang out with my friends rather than stay at home and do nothing. 我宁愿和朋友出去闲逛，也不愿在家无所事事。 Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. 穿上你的大衣，不然你会着凉。(否则) 三．主从复合句 复合句是两个简单句的嵌套，需要借助从属连词将两个简单句连接起来。看似表达两件事，实则有主要想表达的部分即主句，以及让我们更全面理解主句的部分即从句。 从句有以下三个大类六种类型： 定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句；其中名词性从句包含：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 例句感知： 1.状语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的状语） I'll phone you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。 He is welcome wherever he goes. 无论到哪里他都受欢迎。 2.定语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的定语） He is the boy whose father is a lawyer.他就是那个爸爸是律师的男孩。 He failed the exam, which disappointed him a lot. 他考试没及格，这让他很失望。 3.主语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的主语） That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。 What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。 4.宾语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的状语） Do you know who will come this afternoon? 你知道今天下午谁来吗？ We didn't know when she would come back. 我们不知道她什么时候回来。 5.同位语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的同位语） There is no evidence that he committed crime. 没有他犯罪的证据。 He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。 6.表语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的表语） The truth is that he was very shy. 事实是他很害羞。 That's because we never thought of it. 这是因为我们从未想过此事。 专项训练 一、语法填空 1．She was ill and that was she was helped upstairs last night. 2．His writing is so confusing that it is difficult to make out he is trying to express. 3．We must make it clear anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 4．The question remains we can win the majority of the people. 5．Mary shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry. 6．Pointing to the building, my brother said, “This is I worked two years ago.” 7．As a graduate, he doesn’t know it needs to start a business here. 8． the future holds for the field of high-speed travel is unknown to us. 9．I’ve never quite figured out he can still play the piano after his serious hand injury! 10．It remains unclear the global crisis will soon be over. 11．John swims very well, but I don’t like the way he always shows off in public. 12．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 13．He is said to be not at home, in case we shall not go there. 14．Many famous people sign their name in a way can’t be recognized. 15． is the case with the original painting in the Louvre Paris, the digital Mona Lisa is the star attraction. 16．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings produce tears when they cry, none of has been proved. 17．In addition, the pagoda got hit by bombs during several wars, caused some damage. 18．In some conflict areas civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 19．Local festivals and customs, may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. 20．The more I know about Chinese tradition culture, the (attract) it is to me. 21．It was not long the news item that the rare vase was lost appeared in the newspaper. 22． her niece was kind of angry, she answered her question in a polite manner. 23．The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction millions of people visit it every year. 24．Such an honest person is he you can turn to him when you are in trouble. 25．When a plane is landing, passengers need to keep their seat belts fastened it has come to a complete stop. 26．The reason he was late was unclear. 27．He tries to create an atmosphere workers can communicate effectively. 28．She is very patient, is shown in her work. 29．After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national flag, made us excited. 30．At Chinese art festivals, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills. 二、翻译 31．我们学校去年搬到了新校区，新校区是老校区的三倍大。（汉译英） _____________________ 32．我们都知道，接触真实的语言环境对我们的语言学习十分有益。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 33．直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才会开始工作。（not...until...） ______________________________ 34．当他知道自己可以信任我时，便开始畅所欲言起来。(汉译英) 35．Tom是如此地伤心，以至于眼泪顺着脸颊滚下来了。(汉译英) 36．我们度过了一次多么令人愉快的旅行啊！（感叹句) _______________________________ 37．如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回我的信。(fetch) (汉译英) 38．Can you tell me where to get the battery? 39．My mind began to wander. What can I do for her? (英译汉) ________________________________ 40．他已将野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他有空。(非限制性定语从句) ___________________________________ 三、完成句子 41．I have lived in Chongqing since I came here. （划线部分提问） have you lived in Chongqing? 42．Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改为一般疑问句) 43．一直朝着这个方向走，直到你看见一个指示牌。(until 引导时间状语从句) Continue in this direction 44．He is always ready to help others (无论哪里需要他)．(根据汉语提示完成句子) 45．我难过的原因是他不理解我。 The reason why I was sad was .(understand) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点串讲03 简单句、并列句、主从复合句（精讲精练） 英语共有三大句子结构，即简单句，并列句和主从复合句。 一．简单句 简单句，顾名思义是只含有一个主谓结构，只表达一个意思。并且各个成分均由单词或短语构成的句子。常见的句型为有以下五种： 1.主谓：The sun rose. 2.主谓宾：He bought a new book. 3.主谓双宾：He bought me a new book. 4.主谓宾宾补：His rudeness made me embarrassed. 5.主系表：He is a student. 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。即一个句子表达两件事，传达两个信息。两个被连接的简单句地位相等。常见的并列连词有以下几种： 表并列关系如: and, or, both..and.. neither..nor.. not only..but also. 表转折关系如: but, while, yet 表因果关系如: for, so 表选择关系如: or, either..or.. rather than.. 例句感知： 1.并列关系 He was cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿。 She spoke both French and English. 她既会说法语也会说英语。 It is neither hot nor cold. 天气既不热又不冷。 He can speak not only French but (also) English. 他不但会讲法而且会讲英语。 2.转折关系 He doesn't like music but his wife does. 他不喜欢音乐，可他的妻子却很喜欢。 Our team was good, yet it lost. 虽然我们队训练有素，但还是输了。 Some are rich while others are poor. 有的人富而有的人穷。 3.因果关系 Harry always tells a lie, so we don't believe him. 哈利总是说谎，所以我们不相信他。 I missed the beginning of the play, for I was late. 我没有看到话剧的开头部分，因为我迟到了。 4.选择关系 Do you want tea or coffee? 你要喝茶还是咖啡？(或者) She will be back either today or tomorrow. 她不是今天回来，就是明天回来。 I prefer to hang out with my friends rather than stay at home and do nothing. 我宁愿和朋友出去闲逛，也不愿在家无所事事。 Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. 穿上你的大衣，不然你会着凉。(否则) 三．主从复合句 复合句是两个简单句的嵌套，需要借助从属连词将两个简单句连接起来。看似表达两件事，实则有主要想表达的部分即主句，以及让我们更全面理解主句的部分即从句。 从句有以下三个大类六种类型： 定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句；其中名词性从句包含：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 例句感知： 1.状语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的状语） I'll phone you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。 He is welcome wherever he goes. 无论到哪里他都受欢迎。 2.定语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的定语） He is the boy whose father is a lawyer.他就是那个爸爸是律师的男孩。 He failed the exam, which disappointed him a lot. 他考试没及格，这让他很失望。 3.主语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的主语） That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。 What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。 4.宾语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的状语） Do you know who will come this afternoon? 你知道今天下午谁来吗？ We didn't know when she would come back. 我们不知道她什么时候回来。 5.同位语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的同位语） There is no evidence that he committed crime. 没有他犯罪的证据。 He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。 6.表语从句（一个简单句充当另一个简单句中的表语） The truth is that he was very shy. 事实是他很害羞。 That's because we never thought of it. 这是因为我们从未想过此事。 专项训练 一、语法填空 1．She was ill and that was she was helped upstairs last night. 2．His writing is so confusing that it is difficult to make out he is trying to express. 3．We must make it clear anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 4．The question remains we can win the majority of the people. 5．Mary shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry. 6．Pointing to the building, my brother said, “This is I worked two years ago.” 7．As a graduate, he doesn’t know it needs to start a business here. 8． the future holds for the field of high-speed travel is unknown to us. 9．I’ve never quite figured out he can still play the piano after his serious hand injury! 10．It remains unclear the global crisis will soon be over. 11．John swims very well, but I don’t like the way he always shows off in public. 12．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 13．He is said to be not at home, in case we shall not go there. 14．Many famous people sign their name in a way can’t be recognized. 15． is the case with the original painting in the Louvre Paris, the digital Mona Lisa is the star attraction. 16．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings produce tears when they cry, none of has been proved. 17．In addition, the pagoda got hit by bombs during several wars, caused some damage. 18．In some conflict areas civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 19．Local festivals and customs, may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. 20．The more I know about Chinese tradition culture, the (attract) it is to me. 21．It was not long the news item that the rare vase was lost appeared in the newspaper. 22． her niece was kind of angry, she answered her question in a polite manner. 23．The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction millions of people visit it every year. 24．Such an honest person is he you can turn to him when you are in trouble. 25．When a plane is landing, passengers need to keep their seat belts fastened it has come to a complete stop. 26．The reason he was late was unclear. 27．He tries to create an atmosphere workers can communicate effectively. 28．She is very patient, is shown in her work. 29．After everyone concerned was seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national flag, made us excited. 30．At Chinese art festivals, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills. 二、翻译 31．我们学校去年搬到了新校区，新校区是老校区的三倍大。（汉译英） _____________________ 32．我们都知道，接触真实的语言环境对我们的语言学习十分有益。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 33．直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才会开始工作。（not...until...） ______________________________ 34．当他知道自己可以信任我时，便开始畅所欲言起来。(汉译英) 35．Tom是如此地伤心，以至于眼泪顺着脸颊滚下来了。(汉译英) 36．我们度过了一次多么令人愉快的旅行啊！（感叹句) _______________________________ 37．如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回我的信。(fetch) (汉译英) 38．Can you tell me where to get the battery? 39．My mind began to wander. What can I do for her? (英译汉) ________________________________ 40．他已将野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他有空。(非限制性定语从句) ___________________________________ 三、完成句子 41．I have lived in Chongqing since I came here. （划线部分提问） have you lived in Chongqing? 42．Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改为一般疑问句) 43．一直朝着这个方向走，直到你看见一个指示牌。(until 引导时间状语从句) Continue in this direction 44．He is always ready to help others (无论哪里需要他)．(根据汉语提示完成句子) 45．我难过的原因是他不理解我。 The reason why I was sad was .(understand) 参考答案： 1．why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她生病了，这就是为什么她昨晚要被搀扶着上楼的原因。该空引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作原因状语，应使用连接副词why引导，that’s why+表语从句（强调结果）。故填why。 2．what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他的写作令人费解，很难理解他想表达什么。此处make out后面的宾语从句缺少连接词，从句缺少宾语，指事物，用连接代词what，故答案为what。 3．that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们必须明白无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。分析句子结构可知，此句中it是形式宾语，代替后面的从句，且从句句意完整、不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 4．whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句且意为“是否”，应用whether引导。故填whether。 5．why 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：Mary重重地关上门，哭了起来。办公室里没有人知道她为什么那么生气。根据句意可知填why，表示“……的原因”。故填why。 6．where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我哥哥指着那座大楼，说，“那就是我两年前工作的地方”。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少地点状语，所以填where。 7．what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：作为一名毕业生，他不知道在这里创业需要什么。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作needs的宾语，所以用what，表示“什么”。故填what。 8．What 【详解】考查宾语从句连词。句意：高速旅行领域的未来对我们来说是未知的。分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导主语从句，且在从句中holds的宾语，再结合句意可知，what引导宾语从句，意为“什么、……的东西”，故填What。 9．how 【详解】考查宾语从句连词。句意：他的手受了重伤，我一直不明白他怎么还能弹钢琴!分析句子结构可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，再结合句意可知，how引导宾语从句，意为“怎样”， 故填how。 10．whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前尚不清楚全球危机是否会很快结束。分析句子结构，“It remains unclear” 后接的是一个主语从句，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 “the global crisis will soon be over”，根据语境可知，此处表示“是否”，故填 whether。 11．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰游泳游得很好，但我不喜欢他总在公共场合炫耀的样子。way表示“方式、方法、作风、样子”，the way在限制性定语从句中作先行词，先行词替代关系词在从句中作方式状语，可用that，也可用in which，或什么都不用。故填that。 12．where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：对我们老师来说，创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词，关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。 13．which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：据说他不在家，那样的话我们就不去那儿了。in which case 引导非限制性定语从句相当于and in this/ that case “如果是这样/那样的话”。故填which。 14．which/that 【详解】考查定语从句连词。句意：许多名人以一种认不出来的方式签名。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词引导定语从句，又因先行词是a way，故填which/that。 15．As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就像巴黎卢浮宫的原作一样，数字版的《蒙娜丽莎》也是最吸引人的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的主句，在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”应用关系代词as，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 16．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出了很多关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪的理论，但没有一个得到证实。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many theories，关系词指代先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 17．which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：此外，这座宝塔在几次战争中遭到炸弹袭击，造成了一些破坏。空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前面整句话的内容，需用which引导定语从句。故填which。 18．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区，武装分子甚至故意破坏文物遗址。定语从句修饰先行词conflict areas，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。 19．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当地的节日和习俗在特定文化中可能有深刻的意义，但对游客来说可能只是娱乐。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Local festivals and customs，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 20．more attractive 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：我对中国传统文化了解得越多，它对我就越有吸引力。根据句意和句中的the more可知，此处考查固定句型“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，就越……”，所以空格处应该用形容词attractive的比较级more attractive。故填more attractive。 21．before 【详解】考查连词。句意：不久之后，关于稀有花瓶丢失的新闻出现在报纸上。本题考查固定句型“It was not long before……”，意为“没过多久就……”，before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 22．Although/Though/While 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然她的侄女有点生气，但她还是礼貌地回答了她的问题。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although、though或while，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 23．that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：长城是一个如此著名的旅游景点，每年都有数百万人参观。such + a + 形容词 + 名词 + that...，意为“如此……，以至于……”，为固定句型，其中that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 24．that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于你可以在困难时向他求助。根据“Such an honest person is he”可知，这里用了such部分置于句首引起的倒装，可还原为he is such an honest person，应用结果状语从句such…that…表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 25．until 【详解】考查从属连词。句意：飞机着陆时，乘客必须系好安全带，直到飞机完全停稳。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导状语从句，再结合句意可知，until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句，故填until。 26．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他迟到的原因还不清楚。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词reason进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作原因状语，所以，应该用关系副词why引导从句。故填why。 27．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他努力创造一个氛围，在这个氛围中员工可以进行有效的交流。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词atmosphere在从句中充当地点状语，故用关系副词where，故填where。 28．as/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如她的工作所展示出的那样，她很有耐心（她很有耐心，这一点在她的工作中已得到展示）。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故填as/which。 29．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在所有相关人员落座后，举行了升旗仪式，这让我们很兴奋。指代了前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。 30．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上，有不同的艺术家们展示他们的技艺的摊位。根据空前谓语动词are及空后谓语动词demonstrate，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处应为定语从句引导词，修饰先行词“stands”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 31．Our school moved to the new campus last year, which is three times larger than the old one. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。“去年”last year，主句使用一般过去时，主句主语“我们学校”our school，“搬到某地”move to，动词使用过去式形式，to后接宾语“新校区”the new campus，“新校区是老校区的三倍大”写为非限制性定语从句，从句描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，定语从句修饰先行词the new campus，指物，使用which引导从句，并在从句中作主语，be动词使用is，“三倍大”使用倍数表达法three times larger than，后接宾语“老校区”the old one。故翻译为Our school moved to the new campus last year, which is three times larger than the old one. 32．As we all know, being exposed to the real language environment is highly beneficial to our language learning. 【详解】考查定语从句，动词和形容词。表示“众所周知”为as we all know，其中as指代整个句子，在非限制性的定语从句中作宾语，表示“接触”为be exposed to，为句子的主语，应用动名词的形式；表示“真实的语言环境”为the real language environment作介词to的宾语；表示“对……有益”为be beneficial to，为句子的谓语，表示“我们的语言学习”为our language learning，为句子的宾语，叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，结合主谓一致，故为As we all know, being exposed to the real language environment is highly beneficial to our language learning. 33．We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made. 【详解】考查一般将来时及现在完成时。分析句子可知，开始工作为将来，故用will start the work，而开始工作是在所有准备都做好的情况下，需用现在完成时，翻译为“all the preparations have been made”，结合not…until…句式。故翻译为：We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made. 34．When he knew he could trust me, he began to open up. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、宾语从句和动词（短语）。句子应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时；“当他知道自己可以信任我时”可用意为“当……时”的从属连词when引导时间状语从句，从句中主语“他”用代词he，谓语“知道”可用动词knew；“自己可以信任我”是knew的内容，可用that引导名词性从句作knew的宾语，that可省略，宾语从句中主语“他”用代词he，谓语“可以信任”可用情态动词could和动词trust，宾语“我”用代词me；主句中主语“他”用代词he，“开始做某事”可用动词短语began to do sth.，“畅所欲言起来”可用动词短语open up。故可译为：When he knew he could trust me, he began to open up. 35．Tom was so sad that the tears rolled down his cheeks. 【详解】考查时态，形容词和固定句式。分析句子的结构可知，该句可用so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，其中主句为主系表结构，表示“伤心”为sad为主句的表语，从句为主谓宾结构，其中主语“眼泪”为tears，谓语为“滚下来”为roll down，表示“脸颊”为cheeks，在句中作宾语；叙述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去式，故答案为Tom was so sad that the tears rolled down his cheeks. 36．What a pleasant trip we have had! 【详解】考查感叹句及现在完成时。分析句子可知，需要感叹的内容为一次愉快的旅行，故用what a +名词形式的感叹句，旅行已经结束且对现在造成影响，故用现在完成时，结合句意及其他翻译。故翻译为：What a pleasant trip we have had! 37．If (it is) convenient, please fetch me my letter from the post office. 【详解】考查条件状语从句，省略和祈使句。“如果方便的话”用if引导条件状语从句，是if it is convenient，可省略it is，“请”是please，其后跟动词原形，是祈使句，“帮我取回某物”是fetch me sth.，“我的信”是my letter，“从邮局”是from the post office，因此整句话翻译为“If (it is) convenient, please fetch me my letter from the post office”。故答案为If (it is) convenient, please fetch me my letter from the post office. 38．你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？ 【详解】考查疑问句和不定式。句子是一般疑问句，Can you tell me译为“你能告诉我……吗？”，where to get，表示“去哪里买到”，the battery“电池”，故答案为：你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？ 39．我开始走神。我还能为她做什么? 【详解】考查动词时态和特殊疑问句。My mind began to wander. 意为“我开始走神”，begin to do为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，使用一般现在时；what意为“什么”；can意为“能够”；I意为“我”；do意为“做”，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；for her意为“为她”。故翻译成：我开始走神。我还能为她做什么? 40．He has put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free. 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和时态。主语“他”用人称代词he，谓语“推迟”用动词短语put off，表示动作已经发生且对现在有影响，用现在完成时态has put off；“野餐”作宾语，用名词the picnic；“5月1日”作时间状语，用介词短语until May 1st；“那时他有空”是对前面时间的补充说明，处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“5月1日”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导，从句主语“他”仍用人称代词he，谓语“有空”用系表结构be free，描述的是将来的情况，故用一般将来时态will be。综上，全句译为：He has put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free. 41． How long 【详解】考查特殊疑问句。句意：自从我来到这里，我一直住在重庆。划线部分是时间段，对时间段提问用how long，位于句首，首字母大写。故答案填How long。 42．Had Lucy completed the project yet when you arrived? 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：当我到达时，露西已经完成了这个项目。根据题目要求可知，变成一般疑问句需要将助动词had提到主语前面，且将时间状语从句中的I改为you。故答案为Had Lucy completed the project yet when you arrived? 43．until you see a sign 【详解】考查时间状语从句。根据题干要求，用until引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……为止”。从句主语是“你”you，谓语是“看见”see，根据“主将从现”原则，从句中用一般现在时态。故答案为until you see a sign。 44．wherever he is needed 【详解】考查状语从句和时态语态。句意：他总是准备好在任何需要他的地方帮助别人。分析句子结构可知，此处填wherever引导的让步状语从句。主句是一般现在时，从句也要用一般现在时；根据汉语提示“需要他”可知，此处适用被动语态，“需要他”可译成“ he is needed”，综上此处应填“wherever he is needed”，表示在任何需要他的地方。故填wherever he is needed。 45．that he didn’t understand me 【详解】考查表语从句和时态。根据句中的“was”可知，需使用一般过去时，“他不理解我”表达为he didn’t understand me，句子成分和句意完整，用that引导表语从句。故填that he didn’t understand me。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$