精品解析：上海市行知中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题

上海市行知中学2024-2025学年第一学期第一次月考 高三年级英语试卷 第I卷 (共90分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.$30. B.$27. C.$20. D.$10. 2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 9. A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 10. A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. She wore the latest fashion designs. B. She was fond of hand- painted clothing. C. She began to make clothes on her own. D. She made clothes for fashion week models. 12. A. To create basic designs in high school. B. To gain experience by working in a studio. C. To touch and feel as many clothes as possible. D. To learn about the basics of fashion design. 13. A. Costing people a lot of money. B. Bringing people great success. C. Improving people’s tastes. D. Increasing people’s confidence Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. What causes fearfulness externally. B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals. C. Whether fearfulness is inherited or not. D. How animals react to frightening situations. 15. A. They remained close to one wall. B. They bred again and again. C. They couldn’t find a hiding place. D. They wandered around the box. 16. A. Some changes in the nervous system. B. The existence of certain nerve cells. C. The interference from human beings. D. The size of nerve cells in the brain. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law D . The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen B. Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologise for. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high- tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform ___1___ (control) flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this ____2____ whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead ____3____ (start) piecing together the components.“ The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually ____4____ of those components can be brought and used immediately and so we have to develop all of them on our own,” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of ____5____ individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it ____6____ (connect) to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components ____7____ be built and manufactured. ____8____ this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have ____9____ (broad) applications.“ You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.“ So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really _____10_____ drives us on a day-to-day basis.” 【答案】1. controlled 2. as 3. to start 4. none 5. which 6. is connected 7. can 8. Although##Though##While 9. broader 10. what 【解析】 【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了哈佛大学团队创造了第一只机器人苍蝇。机械苍蝇已成为一系列新的高科技集成系统的平台，它可以做自然苍蝇做的事情，还可以在空中并执行飞行任务。但最终目标是为它配备内置电源，以便它有朝一日可以在救援地点、农田或战场上进行数据收集工作。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它的迷你翅膀使它能够停留在空中并执行控制飞行任务。修饰名词tasks应用形容词controlled。故填controlled。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：哈佛大学工程学教授罗伯特·伍德说：“对我们来说，把它当作一个完整的系统来考虑，而不仅仅是一堆单独部件的总和，这一点非常重要。”伍德从事机器人苍蝇项目已有十多年了。表示“作为”，后跟名词作宾语，用介词as。故填as。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他的团队获得了开始拼凑组件的许可。修饰go-ahead用不定式作后置定语。故填to start。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：他说：“像这样一个项目的额外困难是，实际上这些组件都不能立即使用，所以我们必须自己开发所有这些组件。”此处表示“没有任何一个”短语为none of。故填none。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：伍德说:“这个看似简单的系统只是移动翅膀，但它与各个部件之间有很多相互依赖的关系，每个部件都必须表现良好，而且必须与它所连接的所有部件很好地匹配。”此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词components，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。 【6题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：伍德说:“这个看似简单的系统只是移动翅膀，但它与各个部件之间有很多相互依赖的关系，每个部件都必须表现良好，而且必须与它所连接的所有部件很好地匹配。”短语be connected to表示“与……连接”，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填is connected。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：伍德说，这个项目的成功证明，带有这些微小部件的飞行机器人是可以建造和制造的。后跟动词原形，表示“可以”用情态动词can。故填can。 【8题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：虽然第一个飞行机器人与一个小型的机载电源相连，但最终的目标是为它配备一个内置的电源，这样它就可以在某一天在救援地点、农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although、though或while，首字母大写。故填While、Although或Though。 【9题详解】 考查比较级。句意：然而，船上的电力、传感和计算技术可以有更广泛的应用。结合语境“更广泛的”应用比较级。故填broader。 【10题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：所以有很多技术和开放的有趣的科学问题真正推动着我们的日常生活。引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物用what。故填what。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accusing B. await C. buried D. charging E. course F. bounce G. embrace H. flash I. helpless J. original K. shrunk 20-Year-Old Baggage: A Journey Through Dreams and Realities Once upon a time, there were two brothers living on the 80th floor. One day, they returned from a tour and found that the building elevator had lost power. ____11____, they had to climb the stairs. Gasping for breath, they reached the 20th floor. Initially, their backpacks were too heavy, so they left them on the floor to lighten their load. As they continued upwards and reached the 40th floor, both began to tire and started ____12____ each other of not paying attention to the blackout notice. Amidst the noise, they climbed to the 60th floor. When they were exhausted with parched mouths and scorched tongues, they continued to push forward, helping each other along the way. Upon reaching the 80th floor, they were delighted, only to realize that the key had been left in the backpack on the 20th floor. Isn’t this building life? Before the age of 20, we dream and ____13____, though often fatigued and unaware. Many ambitions ____14____ our realization. At the age of 20, we strive to plan ahead and chart our life ____15____; However, with pragmatism, we often put away numerous dreams. By age 40, we lament and regret; by 60, we ____16____ silence and open-mindedness. Isn’t it true that by 80, upon reflection, we find life passing by in a ____17____? In an instant, it’s life. At that moment, we may discover that our ____18____ dreams and pursuits were discarded in our youth. We believed we had many choices and dreams, but with each passing day, we find ourselves with fewer. Until one day, we realize our options have ____19____. Dreams are our most precious treasures, often carelessly abandoned. We grow accustomed to compromise, yet fail to realize that each compromise erodes our dreams. Our dreams descend to the 20th floor when we yield to laziness, cowardice, and worldly wisdom. Don’t readily abandon your backpacks. Don’t cast aside your dreams and aspirations. Regardless of where life takes us, our dreams guide our progress and drive our efforts forward. Don’t give up your dreams at 20, for they are too valuable to be _____20_____ without haste. 【答案】11. Helplessly 12. accusing 13. bounce 14. await 15. course 16. embrace 17. flash 18. original 19. shrunk 20. buried 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述两兄弟爬楼梯的故事来隐喻人生的不同阶段和对待梦想的态度。文章通过描述不同年龄段人们的心态变化，强调了坚持梦想的重要性。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：无助地，他们不得不爬楼梯。根据句意“无助地”和空格后的逗号可知，空格处应填形容词helpless的副词helplessly形式，作状语，修饰后文整个句子；句首单词首字母大写。故填Helplessly。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：当他们继续往上爬，到达40楼时，两人都开始感到疲倦，并开始指责对方没有注意到停电通知。根据句意“指责对方”和空格后的介词of可知，空格处应填动词accuse(指责)，与of构成固定搭配accuse sb. of sth.，意为“指责某人某事”；在谓语动词started后用动名词作宾语。故填accusing。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：20岁之前，我们梦想着，活力四射，尽管经常感到疲倦，却浑然不知。根据句意“活力四射”和空格前的and可知，空格处应填动词bounce(活泼兴奋地走，蹦蹦跳跳地去)，与dream并列作谓语，表示20岁之前的我们充满活力和梦想。由于句子时态为一般现在时，且主语we为复数形式，所以动词应用原形。故填bounce。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：许多雄心等着我们去实现。根据句意“等着”可知，空格处应填动词await作谓语，结合语境可知，描写不同年龄阶段的普遍状态，用一般现在时态。故填await。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：在20岁的时候，我们努力提前计划和规划我们的人生道路。根据句意“人生道路”可知，空格处应填名词course构成短语life course，意为“人生轨迹；人生道路”。故填course。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：到了40岁，我们哀叹和后悔；到了60岁，我们会拥抱沉默和开明。根据句意“拥抱”可知，用动词embrace作谓语，表示到了60岁时，我们自然会变得更加沉默和心胸开阔，描写不同年龄阶段的普遍状态，用一般现在时态。故填embrace。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：当我们80岁的时候，回想起来，难道我们不觉得生命如飞逝而过吗? 根据句意“一闪而过”可知，空格处应填名词flash构成介词短语in a flash，意为“瞬间；立刻”，作时间状语。故填flash。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在那一刻，我们可能会发现，我们最初的梦想和追求在年轻时就被丢弃了。根据句意“最初的梦想和追求”和空格后的名词dreams and pursuits可知，空格处应填形容词original作定语，意为“最初的”。故填original。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到有一天，我们发现我们的选择已经减少了。根据句意“减少”和空格前的助动词have可知，空格处应填动词shrink(减少)的过去分词形式shrunk，构成现在完成时。故填shrunk。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要在20岁时放弃你的梦想，因为它们太有价值了，不应急于埋葬。根据句意“埋葬”和空格前的助动词be可知，空格处应填入动词bury(埋葬)的过去分词形式buried，构成不定式的被动语态。故填buried。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational (理智的). But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without ____21____. Times up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often ____22____. Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will ____23____ unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that pushes it onto another track— where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: ____24____ the loss of life — a “utillitarian” (功利主义的) goal as philosopher put it — is the thing to do. But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a ____25____ whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five ____26____ and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. ____27____, now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to ____28____ than does the leve-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more ____29____ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional _____30_____ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough _____31_____ process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (死) a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other _____32_____. Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should _____33_____ our moral intutions (本能) and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “_____34_____” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed be a(n) “_____35_____ of the passion.” 21. A. comprehension B. hesitation C. resolution D. imagination 22. A. diverse B. generous C. passive D. decisive 23. A. die B. continue C. hesitate D. escape 24. A. respecting B. minimizing C. investigating D. maximizing 25. A. referee B. counselor C. criminal D. bystander 26. A. proportion B. deal C. loss D. gain 27. A. Likewise B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover 28. A. imagination B. reason C. emotion D. belief 29. A. polite B. religious C. professional D. intense 30. A. concerns B. efforts C. bonds D. therapies 31. A. self-serving B. decision-making C. problem-solving D. truth-seeking 32. A. innocents B. barriers C. examples D. accidents 33. A. follow B. spread C. examine D. ignore 34. A. selfless B. self-restraint C. self-deceptive D. selfish 35. A. master B. advocate C. slave D. protester 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就道德判断过程中，是应该由理性还是由情感来做出决定这一问题进行了论述。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：哲学家们为这一主张争论了四分之一个千年，却没有正式决定。A. comprehension理解；B. hesitation犹豫；C. resolution正式决定；D. imagination想象力。根据后文“Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter.”可知，现在科学家还在介入解决这一问题，所以此处哲学家们还没有得出正式决定。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然理性可以塑造道德判断，但情感往往是决定性的。A. diverse多种多样的；B. generous慷慨的；C. passive被动的；D. decisive决定性的。根据后文“Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional ____10____ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win.”可知，研究表明，情感通常会战胜理性，所以此处表示情感往往是决定性的。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：假设一辆手推车沿着铁轨滚向五个人，除非你拉动一个杠杆将其推到另一条铁轨上，否则这五个人将死去——不幸的是，那里也躺着一个人，如果拉动杠杆，那个人将代替五个人死去。A. die死；B. continue继续；C. hesitate犹豫；D. escape逃跑。根据后文“where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead”可知，另一条铁轨上也躺着一个人，如果拉动杠杆，那个人将会代替五个人死去，可知，此处表示如果没有拉动杠杆，五个人将会死去。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人说，这是一个简单的呼吁：尽可能减少生命损失——正如哲学家所说的“功利主义”目标——是要做的事情。A. respecting尊重；B. minimizing最小化；C. investigating调查；D. maximizing最大化。根据上文“Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever that pushes it onto another track — where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead.”可知，拉动杠杆会让一个人代替死去，拯救五个人的生命，这是在尽可能减少生命损失，使损失最小化。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，假设拯救这五个人的唯一办法是把其他的某一个人推上轨道——一个旁观者，他的身体会在电车撞到其他人之前把电车停下来。A. referee裁判；B. counselor顾问；C. criminal罪犯；D. bystander旁观者。根据语境，此处表示把其他的某一个人推上轨道，让电车停下来，以拯救五个人，结合选项，这个人应该是个旁观者。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这仍然是一对五的交易，而你仍然发起了毁灭一个人的行动。A. proportion比例；B. deal交易；C. loss损失；D. gain收益 。根据上文，拉动杠杆会让一个人代替死去，拯救五个人的生命，这是用一个人的生命来交换五个人的生命，这是一场交易。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，现在你更直接地参与其中。A. Likewise同样地；B. However无论如何；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“It’s still a one-for-five deal and you still initiate the action that dooms the one.”可知，这是一场用一个人来交换五个人生命的交易，无论如何，如果你拉动杠杆，你就更直接地参与其中了。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据格林的脑部扫描，第二种情况比拉动杠杆的情况更彻底地刺激大脑中与情感相关的部分。A. imagination想象；B. reason理性；C. emotion情感；D. belief信念。根据后文“Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more ____9____ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull.”可知，给人致命一击的情感波动比杠杆拉动的更强烈，所以此处表示第二种情况更能刺激与情感相关的部分。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，给某人致命一击的直觉迟疑比致命的杠杆拉动的迟疑更强烈。A. polite礼貌的；B. religious宗教的；C. professional专业的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文“most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off.”可知，大多数人认为做出权衡是否应该为了拯救五个人而拉动杠杆，损失一个旁观者的生命是错误的，所以给某人致命一击的直觉迟疑比致命的杠杆拉动的迟疑更强烈。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：进一步的研究表明，在这两种情况下，情感关怀会与大脑中更理性的部分争夺控制权。A. concerns关心，关爱；B. efforts努力；C. bonds纽带；D. therapies治疗。根据语境，此处表示情感上对于某人或者某事表示的关心会与理性的关心争夺控制权。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们失败，也只是在经过艰难的决策过程之后。A. self-serving自私自利的；B. decision-making做出决策的；C. problem-solving解决问题的；D. truth-seeking求真的。根据后文“The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision.”可知，赞成牺牲一个人的这些人在做出决定之前需要更长的时间，所以此处表示经过艰难的决策过程之后。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以那些赞成闷死哭泣的婴儿而不是引起敌军注意的人也是如此，因为敌军会将婴儿连同其他无辜者一起杀死。A. innocents无辜者；B. barriers障碍；C. examples实例；D. accidents事故。根据语境，此处表示一些人赞成闷死哭泣的婴儿是为了不引起敌军的注意，以此来避免敌军发现婴儿，将大家杀死，此处表示其他人是无辜的人。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：普林斯顿大学哲学家彼得·辛格认为，我们应该检查我们的道德直觉，并首先询问这种逻辑是否值得尊重。A. follow跟随；B. spread传播；C. examine检查；D. ignore忽略。根据后文“and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place”可知，哲学家彼得·辛格认为我们应该询问这种逻辑是否值得尊重，检查我们的道德直觉。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么要服从进化为服务于“自私”的道德冲动——比如对亲友的同情？A. selfless无私；B. self-restraint自我克制；C. self-restraint自欺欺人；D. selfish自私。根据后文“Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support?”可知，我们可以更加无私地为离我们更远或者跟我们没有直接关系的人提供帮助，而不是只关注与对于亲友的同情，表示对于亲友的同情这种道德冲动相对而言是自私的。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在缺乏艰难决策过程的情况下，理性可能确实是“激情的奴隶”。A. master主人；B. advocate辩护人；C. slave奴隶；D. protester抗议者。根据上文“In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough ____11____ process.”可知，情绪通常会战胜理性，要经过一个艰难的决策过程，理性才能战胜情感，所以此处，缺乏艰难决策过程，理性就可能会输，成为情感的奴隶。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a discussion among the boys about their weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasn’t a good thing. Her story gave me flashbacks to my own gym class weigh-ins. I remember being called up one by one, how the scale was connected to a large digital readout big enough for everyone to see—and how, sadly, it felt like a competition among the girls to be the lightest. Though it varies from state to state, many schools have a program in place to measure health and fitness in gym class. The assessment usually includes things like push-ups, flexibility tests, and a scale. Weight is then used with the child’s height to calculate their body mass index (BMI). But is BMI a valid and important market of health or a harmful practice that should be retired? “BMI measurement in school can provide some benefits, provided the measurements are done privately and sensitively, free of judgement,” says Dr. Muth. “When it’s not done with the utmost care, the downside outweighs any upside and it’s potentially harmful and stigmatizing.” Weighing students should not be done within sight or hearing distance of other students. Still, it’s inevitable that some kids will compare numbers, and that can be potentially harmful. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 60 percent of elementary school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip side, boys may feel shame if they’re seen as too small or scrawny. That’s why it’s important to avoid any stigmatizing language. “We shouldn’t assume that higher weight kids are less healthy. That’s weight stigma, which can increase the risk for eating disorders,” says Rebecca Scritch-field, R. D., author of Body Kindness. Besides, she adds, some kids naturally tend higher on the growth curve, and that’s normal for them. Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma attached. Parents should also communicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate. 36. What annoyed the author’s friend was that _________. A. She has gained much weight after a gym class. B. Her son has gained much weight though with exercises. C. Her son refused to attend the gym class because of his weight. D. Her son felt embarrassed when weighed publicly in gym class. 37. According to the passage, what can we know about BMI? A. BMI is employed to measure children’s health, which are used in all schools. B. In order to calculate BMI, a child’s weight and height are needed. C. BMI is such an important factor that it should be made public among kids. D. The disadvantages of BMI measurement in school outweighs any advantages. 38. What does “scrawny” (paragraph 5) mean? A. tall B. depressed C. energetic D. skinny 39. What is the author’s attitude towards weighing students in school? A. It should be totally banned. B. Parents should protest against it. C. It should be held cautiously. D. It should be posted in public. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，作者在文中论述了孩子们是否应该在体育课上称重。作者认为在学校称孩子体重可能有助于帮助孩子走上更健康的道路，但要正确处理。做得不好，它可能会伤害儿童。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a discussion among the boys about their weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasn’t a good thing.(我的朋友伤心欲绝。她8岁的儿子放学回家说，他们在体育课上称了体重，这引起了男孩们关于体重的讨论。这是她儿子第一次意识到自己比大多数朋友都重得多，那天他回到家，脑子里有一个全新的信息：重一点不是一件好事。)”可推知孩子们在体育课上公开称了体重，朋友的孩子因为自己比别人重很多而感到尴尬，这让朋友很生气、难过。故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Weight is then used with the child’s height to calculate their body mass index (BMI).(然后根据体重和身高来计算他们的身体质量指数(BMI))”可知计算BMI需要身高和体重。故选B。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段的第二、三句“According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 60 percent of elementary school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip side, boys may feel shame if they’re seen as too small or scrawny. (根据美国National Eating Disorders Association的数据，高达60%的小学女生担心自己太胖。另一方面，如果男孩被认为太小或scrawny，他们可能会感到羞耻。)”中的“On the flip side(另一方面)”以及“too small or scrawny”可知scrawny与too heavy意思相反，与small意义相近，所以D选项“skinny(极瘦的，皮包骨的) ”符合词义。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma attached. Parents should also communicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate.(在学校给学生称重可以帮助孩子们走上更健康的道路，但必须正确地进行。这意味着远离其他学生，没有任何体重耻辱。家长还应该与学校沟通，了解何时以及如何进行称重，以便决定他们的孩子是否应该参加称重。)”可知作者认为在学校给学生称重可以帮助孩子们走上更健康的道路，但必须正确地进行，谨慎对待，以免对学生造成伤害。故选C。 (B) Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. It’s sensible to have a number of key phrases to use. Remember to always try and make your answers positive. Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”) A1: This is just to get things started, but it is a very common question. Write a script, and practice it so that it sounds natural. Spend a maximum of four minutes describing your qualifications, career history and your range of skills. Emphasize those skills that are relevant to the job on offer. Q2: What have been your achievements to date? (The interviewer is saying “Are you an achiever?”) A2: Again, this is a common question, so be prepared. Select an achievement that is experience-related and fairly recent. Identify skills you used in this achievement and say what the results were. Q3: What do you like about your present job? (The interviewer is really trying to find out whether you will enjoy the things the new job has to offer.) A3: This is a straightforward question. All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. Be positive, describe your job as interesting and diverse, but do not overdo it. After all, you are leaving? Q4: What are your strengths? (The interviewer simply wants a straightforward answer as to what you are good at.) A4: This is the one question that you are definitely going to get, so there is no excuse for being unprepared. Concentrate on discussing your main strengths. List three or four explanations of how they could benefit the employer. Strengths to consider include technical proficiency; ability to learn quickly; determination to succeed; positive attitude; your ability to relate to people and achieve a common goal. You may be asked to give examples of the above, so be prepared. Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it. (The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.) A5: This can be a trap! To avoid it, select a difficult work situation that was not caused by you and which can be quickly explained in a few sentences. Explain how you defined the problem, what the options were, why you selected the one you did and what the outcome was. Always end on a positive note. 40. The passage is mainly intended to ________. A. highlight the importance of looking positive in an interview B. give suggestions on how to answer interview questions C. provide some sample answers to interview questions D. illustrate how to look confident in an interview 41. When asked about what you think of your present job, you’d better ________. A. talk about what you dislike about it B. comment positively on your colleagues C. relates it to the job you are applying for D. describe how interesting it is as far as possible 42. If an interviewer wants to know whether you can solve a problem properly, what will he ask? A. Tell me about yourself? B. Tell me about your strengths? C. What have been your achievements to date? D. How did you handle the most difficult situation? 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了求职者可以提前准备好的一些可能会被问到的问题。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. (许多问题都可以提前提出，明智的做法是有一些精心构建的答案，你可以在当天更仔细地定制)”可知，本文旨在提出一些可以提前准备答案的问题。根据第一个问题“Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”(问题1：告诉我你自己的情况。（面试官实际上是在说“我想听你说话。”）)”可知，这些问题用于面试。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据A3针对第三个问题的回答第二句“All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. (你所要确保的是，你的“喜欢”与所提供的工作所需的技能等相对应)”可知，当被问到现在从事的工作时，如果回答是喜欢，这份喜欢需要和现在求职的工作相对应，即要把现在从事的工作和现在求职的工作关联上。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Q5部分的问题和针对问题的解释“Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it. (The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.) (问题5：告诉我你不得不面对的最困难的情况以及你是如何处理的。（面试实际上是想弄清楚你对“困难”的定义，以及你是否能用你的主动性展示出一种合乎逻辑的解决问题的方法。）)”可知，为了弄清楚求职者能如何恰当的处理问题，面试官可能会问求职者会如何处理不得不面对的困难问题。故选D项。 (C) Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain. While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram. Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced. While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be? While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon. Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers. Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook. 43. The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________. A. are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps B. address the Instagram - induced mental pain C. are only based on the data released by Facebook D. are not directed at the fundamental problem 44. Netflix is mentioned to __________. A. compare the criticisms against it and Facebook B. defend why Facebook is to blame C. suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point D. show Netflix does more harm to teens 45. The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________. A. it is human nature to get addicted to social media B. users decide on their experiences on social media C. people have a tendency to feel insecure online D. people are keen on fabricating their self - profile 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook B. the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide C. the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains D. the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责Facebook搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”及第四段内容可知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebook辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have you ever binge - watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were in active, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?(你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗？我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害)”可知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self - sabotage— as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经像许多青少年一样容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的伤害，你会发现账户让你着迷。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选B项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem.(实际上，这不是Instagram的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self - esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use.Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Climate Change Will Hit Holidaymaking “Arrived in Bologna, Italy, now it’s off to Tuscany. The heatwave is spectacular here. Climate change is destroying southern Europe. An era comes to an end.” This tweet in early July by Karl Lauterbach, Germany’s health minister, went down badly in Italy. The country’s minister for tourism, Danisla Santanchè sourly replied that she thanked Mr Lauterbach for picking Italy for his holiday. ____47____ and that sustainability has always been Italian government’s answer to managing tourism. ____48____ Europe is the planet’s most visited region, welcoming 585 million of the world’s 900 million international travelers in 2022. On top of this, domestic holiday-makers outnumbered foreigners in terms of nights spent in tourist accommodation in the EU. Little wonder then that the sector directly generates 5% of the EU’s GDP and by some estimates indirectly accounts for more than 10%. Changes to the climate that lead to ever-wilder weather could deliver a huge blow to the tourist industry. ____49____ Extreme hot weather in Italy in July contributed to wildfires that hit Sicily as the temperature at one time climbed to 47°C. Despite the damage, Italy’s tourism industry — and that of Europe as a whole — is set for a record summer this year as holidaymakers return in force after the travel restrictions of the pandemic. ____50____ According to Demoskopika, a market researcher, 68 milllion people will have taken a holiday in Italy this summer, with around half arriving from abroad. Can the recovery last if tourists are fearful of the effects of climate change in years to come? Italian tourism industry has promised to hit the targets of the Paris climate agreement by 2050. Yet such efforts by industry to reduce the effects of global warming will have little overall impact. A. More significantly, tourism will need to adapt to climate change. B. Tourist industry is not just one of the important contributors to Italy’s economy. C. Climate change also threatens the livelihoods of those who rely on income from tourism. D. This year southern Europe has endured an abnormally unstable summer. E. Few have cancelled trips despite the dangers that may await them. F. However, the Italian government was well aware of climate change. 【答案】47. F 48. B 49. D 50. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了极端天气正在影响欧洲的旅游业。 【47题详解】 根据上文““Arrived in Bologna, Italy, now it’s off to Tuscany. The heatwave is spectacular here. Climate change is destroying southern Europe. An era comes to an end.” This tweet in early July by Karl Lauterbach, Germany’s health minister, went down badly in Italy. The country’s minister for tourism, Danisla Santanchè sourly replied that she thanked Mr Lauterbach for picking Italy for his holiday.(“抵达意大利博洛尼亚，现在要去托斯卡纳。这里的热浪很壮观。气候变化正在摧毁南欧。一个时代结束了。”7月初，德国卫生部长卡尔•劳特巴赫的这条推特在意大利引起了轩然大波。该国旅游部长Danisla Santanchè刻薄地回答说，她感谢劳特巴赫先生选择在意大利度假)”以及后文“and that sustainability has always been Italian government’s answer to managing tourism.(可持续性一直是意大利政府管理旅游业的答案)”可知，上文提到了意大利度假的言论，后文提到了意大利政府管理旅游业，推测本句是在说明政府清楚地知道气候变化对于意大利的影响。故F选项“然而，意大利政府很清楚气候变化”符合语境，故选F。 【48题详解】 根据本段内容“Europe is the planet’s most visited region, welcoming 585 million of the world’s 900 million international travelers in 2022. On top of this, domestic holiday-makers outnumbered foreigners in terms of nights spent in tourist accommodation in the EU. Little wonder then that the sector directly generates 5% of the EU’s GDP and by some estimates indirectly accounts for more than 10%.(欧洲是全球游客最多的地区，到2022年，欧洲将接待全球9亿国际游客中的5.85亿。最重要的是，国内游客在欧盟旅游住宿的过夜时间超过了外国人。难怪该部门直接贡献了欧盟GDP的5%，据估计间接贡献了10%以上)”可知，本段主要说明了旅游业对经济的重要影响，故B选项“旅游业不仅是意大利经济的重要贡献者”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Changes to the climate that lead to ever-wilder weather could deliver a huge blow to the tourist industry.(气候变化导致天气越来越恶劣，这可能会对旅游业造成巨大打击)”以及后文“Extreme hot weather in Italy in July contributed to wildfires that hit Sicily as the temperature at one time climbed to 47°C.(意大利7月份极端炎热的天气导致西西里岛发生野火，气温一度攀升至47摄氏度)”可知，后文提到了极端炎热的夏天，即夏季气候不稳定，故D选项“今年，南欧经历了一个异常不稳定的夏天”符合语境，故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Despite the damage, Italy’s tourism industry — and that of Europe as a whole — is set for a record summer this year as holidaymakers return in force after the travel restrictions of the pandemic. (尽管受到了损害，但随着度假者在大流行的旅行限制后大批返回，意大利乃至整个欧洲的旅游业今年夏天将创下历史新高)”以及后文“According to Demoskopika, a market researcher, 68 milllion people will have taken a holiday in Italy this summer, with around half arriving from abroad.(据市场研究机构Demoskopika称，今年夏天将有6800万人在意大利度假，其中约一半来自国外)”可知，上文提到了受到损害，后文则提到度假的人一半来自国外，推测尽管有危险，但人们还是坚持去旅游了。故E选项“尽管可能面临危险，但很少有人取消旅行”符合语境，故选E。 第II卷 (50分) IV. Summary 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible Is renting clothes greener than buying them? Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers. But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that it’s not as sustainable as it seems. Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing. She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi’s.” Then there’s the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it’s returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant that is still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with hydrocarbon alternatives, although these aren’t great either. Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily accessible. There’s something called “share washing” that makes people engage in more wasteful behaviors precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as “a way to share rides and limit car ownership.” and yet “it has been proven to discourage walking, bicycling, and public transportation use.” Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There’s an even better step—and that’s wearing what is already in the closet. 【答案】Despite a rising market for renting clothes, some research shows it’s not necessarily environmentally-friendly. Renting involves larger carbon emissions from two-way transportation of clothing and pollution caused by washing. Also, people tend to waste due to the easy access to rental services with a false belief that sharing goes green. Therefore, it’s wiser to wear what’s already in our wardrobe. (60 words) 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。租衣服比买衣服真的更环保吗？记者兼作家Elizabeth Cline调查发现共享租衣的环保性并不像看上去的那样可持续。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers. Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that it’s not as sustainable as it seems. ②Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing. ③For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. ④Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily accessible. …because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. ⑤ There’s an even better step—and that’s wearing what is already in the closet. 2.缜密构思 将第1点进行概括缩减；第2、3两个要点进行重组；将第4个要点进行整合；将第5个要点作为总结。 3.遣词造句 Despite a rising market for renting clothes, some research shows it’s not necessarily environmentally-friendly. Renting involves larger carbon emissions from two-way transportation of clothing and pollution caused by washing. People tend to waste due to the easy access to rental services with a false belief that sharing goes green. It’s wiser to wear what’s already in our wardrobe. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Despite a rising market for renting clothes, some research shows it’s not necessarily environmentally-friendly.（使用了despite引导的让步状语从句和省略that的宾语从句等表达高级） [高分句型2] People tend to waste due to the easy access to rental services with a false belief that sharing goes green. （使用了由that连接的同位语从句，用法比较高级。） [高分句型3]It’s wiser to wear what’s already in our wardrobe.（使用了it作形式主语和由what引导的宾语从句，表达非常高级。） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家老字号餐馆见证了近几年来小镇的变化。( witness) （汉译英） __________________________________________________ 【答案】This time-honored restaurant has witnessed the changes of the small town in recent years. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“这家老字号餐馆”应用this time-honored restaurant，作主语；表示“见证”用动词witness；表示“小镇的变化”为the changes of the small town；表示“近几年来”为in recent years。应用现在完成时。故翻译为This time-honored restaurant has witnessed the changes of the small town in recent years. 53. 随处可见的快充站和便宜的电价为电动汽车的发展铺平了道路。(way) （汉译英） __________________________________________________ 【答案】The ubiquitous fast-charging stations and cheap electricity prices have paved the way for the development of electric vehicles. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“随处可见的快充站”应用the ubiquitous fast-charging stations；表示“便宜的电价”为cheap electricity prices，and连接，作主语；表示“铺平道路”短语为 pave the way for；表示“电动汽车的发展”为the development of electric vehicles。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故翻译为The ubiquitous fast-charging stations and cheap electricity prices have paved the way for the development of electric vehicles. 54. 哪怕这项新的科学发现应用于工业生产中可能要等上好几十年的时间，这也是值得的。(before) (汉译英) _________________________________________________ 【答案】It is worth waiting even if it may be decades before the new scientific discovery is applied to industrial production. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、从句和固定句型。“某事是值得做的”为“be worth doing”，“即使”为“even if”，翻译“可能要过多久才能……”可以使用固定句型“It may be+一段时间+before……”，其中before后面使用一般现在时。“几十年”为“decades”，“这项科学发现”为“the scientific discovery”，“新的”为“new”，“被应用于”为“be applied to”，“工业生产”为“industrial production”。使用“even if”引导让步状语从句，即“even if it may be decades before the new scientific discovery is applied to industrial production”。“等待”为“wait”，“这是值得等待的”翻译为“It is worth waiting.”。故翻译为：It is worth waiting even if it may be decades before the new scientific discovery is applied to industrial production. 55. 纵观人类历史，一个民族如果无法顺应时代的变化，就难以在全球激烈的竞争中存活下来。(survive) 【答案】Throughout the history of mankind, if a nation fails to adapt to the change of times, it will be difficult for the nation to survive the fierce global competition. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和从句。句中使用if引导的条件状语从句，且句中it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式复合结构作真正的主语，另外句中动词survive的意思是“幸存”。再结合所给汉语可知翻译为Throughout the history of mankind, if a nation fails to adapt to the change of times, it will be difficult for the nation to survive the fierce global competition. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是汇文中学的李星，你很想成为一名美食评论员(food critic)，学校校报主编给你布置了一个任务——针对你校周围新开的一家中餐馆，写一篇餐馆评论(review)。你的文章应含有以下内容： ·你的用餐经历；(可以提到食物质量，用餐环境，服务态度等方面) ·你是否会推荐该餐馆。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Today I would like to introduce a new Chinese restaurant to you, which is called Shike and is located near Huiwen high school. If you go there, you will always want to eat there. It’s attractive to us students for four reasons. First of all, it’s decorated in a special way and looks romantic and unusual. The quiet atmosphere attracts students who want to chat with friends. Secondly, the food cooked there is so yummy and looks delicate, which is different from other restaurants. The food there is very fresh and healthy, so you needn’t worry about the quality of food. Thirdly, the service there is really excellent. The waiters are very nice and kind. Last but not least, the price of food is not expensive. I love the restaurant and recommend all of you to take a chance. I’m sure that you won’t regret. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对你校周围新开的一家中餐馆，写一篇餐馆评论。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有吸引力的：attractive→appealing 独特的：special→unique 与……聊天：chat with→talk with/to 不同的：different→distinct 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：The food there is very fresh and healthy, so you needn’t worry about the quality of food. 拓展句：Because the food there is very fresh and healthy, you needn’t worry about the quality of food. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If you go there, you will always want to eat there. (运用if引导条件状语从句) 【高分句型2】Secondly, the food cooked there is so yummy and looks delicate, which is different from other restaurants. (运用了which引导的非限性定语从句) 1-5 ACAAD 6-10 CAADA 11-15CDACA 16-20 BCBDA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市行知中学2024-2025学年第一学期第一次月考 高三年级英语试卷 第I卷 (共90分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.$30. B.$27. C.$20. D.$10. 2. A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 3. A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 4. A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 5. A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 6. A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 7. A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 8. A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 9. A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 10. A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. She wore the latest fashion designs. B. She was fond of hand- painted clothing. C. She began to make clothes on her own. D. She made clothes for fashion week models. 12. A. To create basic designs in high school. B. To gain experience by working in a studio. C. To touch and feel as many clothes as possible. D. To learn about the basics of fashion design. 13. A. Costing people a lot of money. B. Bringing people great success. C. Improving people’s tastes. D. Increasing people’s confidence Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. What causes fearfulness externally. B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals. C. Whether fearfulness is inherited or not. D. How animals react to frightening situations. 15. A. They remained close to one wall. B. They bred again and again. C. They couldn’t find a hiding place. D. They wandered around the box. 16. A. Some changes in the nervous system. B. The existence of certain nerve cells. C. The interference from human beings. D. The size of nerve cells in the brain. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law D . The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen B. Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologise for. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high- tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform ___1___ (control) flight tasks. “It’s extremely important for us to think about this ____2____ whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead ____3____ (start) piecing together the components.“ The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually ____4____ of those components can be brought and used immediately and so we have to develop all of them on our own,” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of ____5____ individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it ____6____ (connect) to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components ____7____ be built and manufactured. ____8____ this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have ____9____ (broad) applications.“ You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.“ So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really _____10_____ drives us on a day-to-day basis.” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accusing B. await C. buried D. charging E. course F. bounce G. embrace H. flash I. helpless J. original K. shrunk 20-Year-Old Baggage: A Journey Through Dreams and Realities Once upon a time, there were two brothers living on the 80th floor. One day, they returned from a tour and found that the building elevator had lost power. ____11____, they had to climb the stairs. Gasping for breath, they reached the 20th floor. Initially, their backpacks were too heavy, so they left them on the floor to lighten their load. As they continued upwards and reached the 40th floor, both began to tire and started ____12____ each other of not paying attention to the blackout notice. Amidst the noise, they climbed to the 60th floor. When they were exhausted with parched mouths and scorched tongues, they continued to push forward, helping each other along the way. Upon reaching the 80th floor, they were delighted, only to realize that the key had been left in the backpack on the 20th floor. Isn’t this building life? Before the age of 20, we dream and ____13____, though often fatigued and unaware. Many ambitions ____14____ our realization. At the age of 20, we strive to plan ahead and chart our life ____15____; However, with pragmatism, we often put away numerous dreams. By age 40, we lament and regret; by 60, we ____16____ silence and open-mindedness. Isn’t it true that by 80, upon reflection, we find life passing by in a ____17____? In an instant, it’s life. At that moment, we may discover that our ____18____ dreams and pursuits were discarded in our youth. We believed we had many choices and dreams, but with each passing day, we find ourselves with fewer. Until one day, we realize our options have ____19____. Dreams are our most precious treasures, often carelessly abandoned. We grow accustomed to compromise, yet fail to realize that each compromise erodes our dreams. Our dreams descend to the 20th floor when we yield to laziness, cowardice, and worldly wisdom. Don’t readily abandon your backpacks. Don’t cast aside your dreams and aspirations. Regardless of where life takes us, our dreams guide our progress and drive our efforts forward. Don’t give up your dreams at 20, for they are too valuable to be _____20_____ without haste. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational (理智的). But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without ____21____. Times up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often ____22____. Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will ____23____ unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that pushes it onto another track— where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: ____24____ the loss of life — a “utillitarian” (功利主义的) goal as philosopher put it — is the thing to do. But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a ____25____ whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five ____26____ and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. ____27____, now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to ____28____ than does the leve-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more ____29____ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional _____30_____ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough _____31_____ process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (死) a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other _____32_____. Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should _____33_____ our moral intutions (本能) and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “_____34_____” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed be a(n) “_____35_____ of the passion.” 21. A. comprehension B. hesitation C. resolution D. imagination 22. A. diverse B. generous C. passive D. decisive 23. A. die B. continue C. hesitate D. escape 24. A. respecting B. minimizing C. investigating D. maximizing 25. A. referee B. counselor C. criminal D. bystander 26. A. proportion B. deal C. loss D. gain 27. A. Likewise B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover 28. A. imagination B. reason C. emotion D. belief 29. A. polite B. religious C. professional D. intense 30. A. concerns B. efforts C. bonds D. therapies 31. A. self-serving B. decision-making C. problem-solving D. truth-seeking 32. A. innocents B. barriers C. examples D. accidents 33. A. follow B. spread C. examine D. ignore 34. A. selfless B. self-restraint C. self-deceptive D. selfish 35. A. master B. advocate C. slave D. protester Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a discussion among the boys about their weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasn’t a good thing. Her story gave me flashbacks to my own gym class weigh-ins. I remember being called up one by one, how the scale was connected to a large digital readout big enough for everyone to see—and how, sadly, it felt like a competition among the girls to be the lightest. Though it varies from state to state, many schools have a program in place to measure health and fitness in gym class. The assessment usually includes things like push-ups, flexibility tests, and a scale. Weight is then used with the child’s height to calculate their body mass index (BMI). But is BMI a valid and important market of health or a harmful practice that should be retired? “BMI measurement in school can provide some benefits, provided the measurements are done privately and sensitively, free of judgement,” says Dr. Muth. “When it’s not done with the utmost care, the downside outweighs any upside and it’s potentially harmful and stigmatizing.” Weighing students should not be done within sight or hearing distance of other students. Still, it’s inevitable that some kids will compare numbers, and that can be potentially harmful. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 60 percent of elementary school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip side, boys may feel shame if they’re seen as too small or scrawny. That’s why it’s important to avoid any stigmatizing language. “We shouldn’t assume that higher weight kids are less healthy. That’s weight stigma, which can increase the risk for eating disorders,” says Rebecca Scritch-field, R. D., author of Body Kindness. Besides, she adds, some kids naturally tend higher on the growth curve, and that’s normal for them. Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma attached. Parents should also communicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate. 36. What annoyed the author’s friend was that _________. A. She has gained much weight after a gym class. B. Her son has gained much weight though with exercises. C. Her son refused to attend the gym class because of his weight. D. Her son felt embarrassed when weighed publicly in gym class. 37. According to the passage, what can we know about BMI? A. BMI is employed to measure children’s health, which are used in all schools. B. In order to calculate BMI, a child’s weight and height are needed. C. BMI is such an important factor that it should be made public among kids. D. The disadvantages of BMI measurement in school outweighs any advantages. 38. What does “scrawny” (paragraph 5) mean? A. tall B. depressed C. energetic D. skinny 39. What is the author’s attitude towards weighing students in school? A. It should be totally banned. B. Parents should protest against it. C. It should be held cautiously. D. It should be posted in public. (B) Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. It’s sensible to have a number of key phrases to use. Remember to always try and make your answers positive. Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”) A1: This is just to get things started, but it is a very common question. Write a script, and practice it so that it sounds natural. Spend a maximum of four minutes describing your qualifications, career history and your range of skills. Emphasize those skills that are relevant to the job on offer. Q2: What have been your achievements to date? (The interviewer is saying “Are you an achiever?”) A2: Again, this is a common question, so be prepared. Select an achievement that is experience-related and fairly recent. Identify skills you used in this achievement and say what the results were. Q3: What do you like about your present job? (The interviewer is really trying to find out whether you will enjoy the things the new job has to offer.) A3: This is a straightforward question. All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. Be positive, describe your job as interesting and diverse, but do not overdo it. After all, you are leaving? Q4: What are your strengths? (The interviewer simply wants a straightforward answer as to what you are good at.) A4: This is the one question that you are definitely going to get, so there is no excuse for being unprepared. Concentrate on discussing your main strengths. List three or four explanations of how they could benefit the employer. Strengths to consider include technical proficiency; ability to learn quickly; determination to succeed; positive attitude; your ability to relate to people and achieve a common goal. You may be asked to give examples of the above, so be prepared. Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it. (The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.) A5: This can be a trap! To avoid it, select a difficult work situation that was not caused by you and which can be quickly explained in a few sentences. Explain how you defined the problem, what the options were, why you selected the one you did and what the outcome was. Always end on a positive note. 40. The passage is mainly intended to ________. A. highlight the importance of looking positive in an interview B. give suggestions on how to answer interview questions C. provide some sample answers to interview questions D. illustrate how to look confident in an interview 41. When asked about what you think of your present job, you’d better ________. A. talk about what you dislike about it B. comment positively on your colleagues C. relates it to the job you are applying for D. describe how interesting it is as far as possible 42. If an interviewer wants to know whether you can solve a problem properly, what will he ask? A. Tell me about yourself? B. Tell me about your strengths? C. What have been your achievements to date? D. How did you handle the most difficult situation? (C) Thanks to in-depth reporting by the Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle with their body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain. While the information the Journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress induced (诱发) by Instagram. Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced. While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for withholding data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched (狂看) a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be? While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it strains credulity (夸张到难以置信) to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon. Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus (异口同声) of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers. Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook. 43. The author thinks the criticisms against Instagram __________. A. are successful attempts to change teens’ interest in addictive apps B. address the Instagram - induced mental pain C. are only based on the data released by Facebook D. are not directed at the fundamental problem 44. Netflix is mentioned to __________. A. compare the criticisms against it and Facebook B. defend why Facebook is to blame C. suggest the critics’ remarks are not to point D. show Netflix does more harm to teens 45. The Instagram problem is essentially a “people problem” in that __________. A. it is human nature to get addicted to social media B. users decide on their experiences on social media C. people have a tendency to feel insecure online D. people are keen on fabricating their self - profile 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. the unprecedented criticism facing Facebook B. the alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide C. the root cause of Instagram - induced mental strains D. the harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Climate Change Will Hit Holidaymaking “Arrived in Bologna, Italy, now it’s off to Tuscany. The heatwave is spectacular here. Climate change is destroying southern Europe. An era comes to an end.” This tweet in early July by Karl Lauterbach, Germany’s health minister, went down badly in Italy. The country’s minister for tourism, Danisla Santanchè sourly replied that she thanked Mr Lauterbach for picking Italy for his holiday. ____47____ and that sustainability has always been Italian government’s answer to managing tourism. ____48____ Europe is the planet’s most visited region, welcoming 585 million of the world’s 900 million international travelers in 2022. On top of this, domestic holiday-makers outnumbered foreigners in terms of nights spent in tourist accommodation in the EU. Little wonder then that the sector directly generates 5% of the EU’s GDP and by some estimates indirectly accounts for more than 10%. Changes to the climate that lead to ever-wilder weather could deliver a huge blow to the tourist industry. ____49____ Extreme hot weather in Italy in July contributed to wildfires that hit Sicily as the temperature at one time climbed to 47°C. Despite the damage, Italy’s tourism industry — and that of Europe as a whole — is set for a record summer this year as holidaymakers return in force after the travel restrictions of the pandemic. ____50____ According to Demoskopika, a market researcher, 68 milllion people will have taken a holiday in Italy this summer, with around half arriving from abroad. Can the recovery last if tourists are fearful of the effects of climate change in years to come? Italian tourism industry has promised to hit the targets of the Paris climate agreement by 2050. Yet such efforts by industry to reduce the effects of global warming will have little overall impact. A. More significantly, tourism will need to adapt to climate change. B. Tourist industry is not just one of the important contributors to Italy’s economy. C. Climate change also threatens the livelihoods of those who rely on income from tourism. D. This year southern Europe has endured an abnormally unstable summer. E. Few have cancelled trips despite the dangers that may await them. F. However, the Italian government was well aware of climate change. 第II卷 (50分) IV. Summary 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible Is renting clothes greener than buying them? Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shoppers. But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that it’s not as sustainable as it seems. Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing. She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi’s.” Then there’s the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it’s returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant that is still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with hydrocarbon alternatives, although these aren’t great either. Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it’s so easily accessible. There’s something called “share washing” that makes people engage in more wasteful behaviors precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as “a way to share rides and limit car ownership.” and yet “it has been proven to discourage walking, bicycling, and public transportation use.” Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn’t let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There’s an even better step—and that’s wearing what is already in the closet. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家老字号餐馆见证了近几年来小镇的变化。( witness) （汉译英） __________________________________________________ 53. 随处可见的快充站和便宜的电价为电动汽车的发展铺平了道路。(way) （汉译英） __________________________________________________ 54. 哪怕这项新的科学发现应用于工业生产中可能要等上好几十年的时间，这也是值得的。(before) (汉译英) _________________________________________________ 55. 纵观人类历史，一个民族如果无法顺应时代的变化，就难以在全球激烈的竞争中存活下来。(survive) VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是汇文中学的李星，你很想成为一名美食评论员(food critic)，学校校报主编给你布置了一个任务——针对你校周围新开的一家中餐馆，写一篇餐馆评论(review)。你的文章应含有以下内容： ·你的用餐经历；(可以提到食物质量，用餐环境，服务态度等方面) ·你是否会推荐该餐馆。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 ACAAD 6-10 CAADA 11-15CDACA 16-20 BCBDA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $