Unit 3-4 Grammar 形容词的比较级和最高级 学案 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册

形容词的比较级和最高级 姓名:_ 1、 形容词的基本用法: 1. 形容词的概念:说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词。 2. 形容词的位置: 1) 作定语:放在名词前,复合不定代词之后,如: The beautiful girl is my sister. 这个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 2) 作表语:放在系动词之后,如: He looks very happy. 他看上去很开心。 3) 作宾补,放在宾语之后,常与make, keep, leave等动词连用,如: You must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭上眼睛。 2、 形容词的比较级和最高级: 1. 比较级:两个事物(两类事物/事物的两个方面)进行比较时,用比较级; 2. 最高级:三个或三个以上的事物进行比较时,用最高级。 3、 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成: 1. 单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词的规则变化: 1)一般情况,在形容词词尾加er(比较级)和est(最高级); 如:fast – faster - fastest 快 — 更快 — 最快 strong – stronger – strongest 强 — 更强 — 最强 2)以不发音的e结尾,在形容词词尾加r(比较级)和st(最高级); 如:nice – nicer – nicest 好 — 更好 — 最好 3)重读闭音节,双写形容词末尾辅音字母,再加er(比较级)和est(最高级); 如:big – bigger – biggest 大 — 更大 — 最大 fat – fatter – fattest 胖 — 更胖 — 最胖 4)“辅音+y”结尾,将y改为i,再加er(比较级)和est(最高级); 如:friendly – friendlier – friendliest 友好 — 更友好 — 最友好 busy – busier – busiest 忙 — 更忙 — 最忙 2. 多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词的规则变化: 比较级:more + 形容词原形; 最高级:the most + 形容词原形 如:important – more important – the most important 重要 — 更重要 — 最重要 3. 不规则变化: good / well – better – best 好 — 更好 — 最好 bad / ill – worse – worst 坏 — 更坏 — 最坏 many / much – more – most 多 — 更多 — 最多 little – less – least 少 — 更少 — 最少 far – farther/further – farthest/furthest 远 — 更远 — 最远 old – older/elder – oldest/eldest 老 — 更老 — 最老 4、 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的修饰词汇: 1. 原 级:very; too; so; as; quite等,如:This garden is quite beautiful. 这座花园很漂亮。 2. 比较级:much; even; a little; a bit; a lot; any, far等,如: Jane is much more outgoing than Jerry. 简比杰瑞更加外向。 I can’t walk any farther. 我无法再往前走了。 3. 最高级:one of the …; of all; of the three; by far; ever; among以及序数词等,如: The Yangtze River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 She is by far the best. 截至目前,她是最棒的。 Cindy is the tallest of all the girls. 辛迪是女生中最高的。 5、 形容词比较级的替代 比较的对象相同时,可用that或those替代第二次出现的比较对象,如: The winter in Chongqing is colder than that in Yunnan. 重庆的冬天比云南的冬天冷。 The books on this shelf are more expensive than those on that shelf. 这个书架上的书比那个书架上的贵。 6、 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的特殊结构: 1. 原级:同级比较 1) 肯定句中,用“as + 形容词原级 + as”,表示前后的情况一样,如: Mike’s spoken English is as good as mine. 迈克的口语和我的一样好。 2) 否定句中,用“not + as/so + 形容词原级 + as”,表示前者不如后者,如: Linda’s house is not as big as Shirley’s. 琳达的房子没有雪梨的房子大。 2. 比较级: 1) 比较级 + and + 比较级,表示“越来越……”,如果为多音节形容词(以及部分双音节形容词),要用“more and more + 形容词原级”,如: The weather is getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了。 The story is becoming more and more interesting. 故事越来越有意思了。 2) the + 比较级 ……, the + 比较级 ……,表示“越……越……”,如: The more careful we are, the fewer mistakes we will make. 我们越细心,犯的错误就越少。 3) the + 比较级 + of the two,表示“两者中较……的那个”,如: Lisa is the taller of the two girls. 丽莎是这两个女孩中更高的那个。 4) 基数词 + times + 比较级 + than,表示“倍数”,如: My book is twice more expensive than yours. 我的书价格是你的两倍。 Our school is three times larger than theirs. 我们的学校是他们的三倍大。 5) 数词 + 名词 + 比较级 + than,表示“差数”,如: Frank is five years older than Fendi. 弗兰克比芬迪大五岁。 6) 比较级 + than + any other + 名词单数 = 比较级 + than + the other + 名词复数,表示“比其它……都……”。(注意:该结构是同范围,如范围不同,该结构变为:比较级 + than + any + 名词单数),如: China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。 = China is bigger than the other countries in Asia. Russia is bigger than any country in Asia. 俄罗斯比亚洲的任何国家都大。 3. 最高级: 1) one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数, 表示“最……的之一”,如: Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 2) the + 序数词 + 最高级,表示“第……个最……的”,如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。 Alan is the third tallest in our class. 亚伦是我们班身高第三高的。 【语法练习】 1、 单项选择 1. Linda is not the smartest, but she is _ in my class. A. most carefully B. careful C. most careful D. the most careful 2. - Let’s buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers’ Day. - Why not make some by hand? It’s much _. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 3. - It seems that Alpha never wants to do anything except drawing pictures. - Right. That’s what he likes to do _. A. most B. less C. more D. least 4. It’s very strange that _ the houses are, the more people want to buy them. A. the most expensive B. more expensive C. the more expensive D. much expensive 5. - I don’t think she speaks French _ German. - I totally agree with you. A. as good as B. so good as C. better than D. wonderful enough like 6. Beijing is the capital of China and it is _ bigger than any other city in China. A. some B. very C. much D. more 7. The Sound of Music is one of the _ popular American movies. A. many B. much C. more D. most 8. - I think Peter is _ of the two boys. How do you think? - I don’t think so. A. the most foolish B. most foolish C. the more foolish D. more foolish 9. - Mr. Black has got _ instead of getting any better. - Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse 10. My geography teacher told me that the earth is about _ as the moon. A. as fifty times big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big 11. - Who would you like to be your assistant, Jason or David? - If I had to choose, David would be _ choose. A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 12. - I think it’s necessary to learn how to work in groups. - I quite agree. Sometimes it’s even _ than grades. (2016 重庆A) A. less important B. more important C. the least important D. the most important 13. - This kind of watch is much _ today than last month. Would you like to have one? - Really? I’ll take one. (2016 重庆B) A. the most expensive B. the cheapest C. more expensive D. cheaper 14. Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of _ persons in the world. (2015 重庆B) A. rich B. richer C. richest D. the richest 15. - The clothes store is _ on weekends. - I see. I’ll go there next Monday then. (2014 重庆A) A. open B. close C. opened D. closed 16. Come here at Christmas! You can buy _ clothes in a year. (2014 重庆B) A.the cheapest B. cheaper C. the worst D. worse 17. The T-shirts are all wonderful. But in my son’s eyes, the blue one is _. A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest 18. I don’t think there will be _ fresh water and clean air in the future than now because people don’t see the importance of environment protection. A. much B. more C. less D. fewer 19. - It’s one of _ things in the world to stay with our family members. - I agree. They’re the most important people in our life. A. happiest B. the most happy C. the happiest D. the most happily 20. - How heavy I am! What can I do? - Eat less and take more exercise, then you’ll soon feel much _. A. heavy B. heavier C. healthy D. healthier 21. - Wow, how smart the watch is! It must be expensive. - No, the price is _ than the others’. Everybody can afford it. A. lower B. cheaper C. more expensive D. higher 2、 词形转换 1. Is it true that the girl is still _ (live)? 2. Which dress is _ (cheap), the white one or the purple one? 3. Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _ (big) cities in the world. 4. Linda, please tell me who is your _ (close) friend in your class. 5. Listening is just as _ (important) as speaking in language learning. 6. My mother told me that good health is _ (important) thing in our lives. 7. The more _ (care) you are, the _ (few) mistakes you will make. 8. After a holiday, almost all my classmates look the same but Harry looks _ (thin). 9. -The coffee is good. - That’s right. It will taste _ (good) with some milk. 10. Dan is _ at Chinse. He is much _ at math. He is the _ at English. (good) 3、 句型转换 1. Lily is the same age as her classmate Lucy. (同义句) Lily is _ young _ her classmate Lucy. 2. I am ten years old and my brother is fourteen years old. (同义句) I am ten years old. I am _ _ _ than my brother. 3. Li Ping is shorter than all of the other girls in her class. (同义句) Li Ping is _ _ _ in her class. 4. The summer is hot in Beijing . The summer is hotter in Chongqing. (合并句子) The summer in Chongqing is _ than _ in Chongqing. 5. Mary is the tallest girl in my class. (同义句) Mary is taller than _ _ girl in my class. Mary is taller than _ _ girls in my class. _ _ _ is taller than Mary in my class. 6. 这个女孩年龄太小,不能自己穿衣。(翻译) The girl is _ young _ dress herself. The girl is _ _ _ _ dress herself. The girl is _ young _ she can’t dress herself. 7. 你练习得越多,英语就会说得越好。(翻译) _ _ you practice English, the better you can speak it. 8. 在这两个男生中,Jackson更高。(翻译) _ the two boys, Jackson is _ taller. 9. 越来越多的人具有爱心,乐于助人。(翻译) _ and _ people have kind hearts and want to help others. 参考答案: 1、 单项选择 1-5 DCACC 6-10 CDCBB 11-15 CBDDD 16-20 ADBCD 21 A 2、 词形转换 1. alive 2. cheaper 3. the biggest 4. closest 5. important 6. the most important 7. careful; fewer 8. thinner 9. better 10. good; better. best 3、 句型转换 1. as; as 2. four years younger 3. the shortest girl 4. hotter; that 5. any other; the other; No other girl 6. too to; not old enough to; so that 7. The more 8. Of; the 9. 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