精品解析：上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

上海市延安中学2024学年第一学期9月质量调研 高三年级英语试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分115分） Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. As he prepared to begin filming Iron Man in early 2007, the director Jon Favreau rented out a complex in Los Angeles that once belonged to Hughes Aircraft, the aerospace and defense contractor started about eighty years earlier by Howard Hughes. The facility had a series of interlocking hangars (飞机库) and served as a production office for the movie. It also supplied Robert Downey Jr., who was to play Iron Man and his human creator Tony Stark, with a splash of inspiration. Downey felt nostalgic looking at one of the larger hangars, which ____1____ (fall) into a state of disrepair. Not too long ago, that building had played host to the big ideas of a big man who shook up industries and did things his own way. Downey heard some rumors about ____2____ Hughes-like figure named Elon Musk who had constructed his own, modern-day industrial complex about ten miles away. ____3____ visualizing how life might have been for Hughes, Downey ____4____ perhaps get a taste of the real thing. He set off in March 2007 for SpaceX’s headquarters in El Segundo and wound up ____5____ (receive) a personal tour from Musk. “My mind is not easily blown, but this place and this guy were amazing,” Downey said. To Downey, the SpaceX facility looked like a giant, exotic hardware store. Enthusiastic employees were running about, fiddling with (不停摆弄) different types of machines. Young white-collar engineers interacted with blue-collar assembly line workers, and they all seemed ____6____ (share) a genuine excitement for ____7____ they were doing. “It ____8____ (feel) like a radical start-up company,” Downey said. After the initial tour, Downey came away pleased ____9____ the sets being hammered out at the Hughes factory did have parallels to the SpaceX factory. “Things didn’t feel out of place,” he said. Both Musk and Stark were the type of men, according to Downey, who “had seized an idea to live by and _____10_____ to dedicate themselves to” and were not going to waste a moment. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. prompt B. grounded C. pile D. debugging E. coincidence F. literally G. boosting H. fictionally I. bear J. reasoning K. grant From talk to action The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually an ominous warning. In the real world, it is a prediction — and a welcome one. The field of robotics has made impressive progress in the past year, as researchers in universities and industry have applied advances in artificial intelligence (AI) to machines. As a result, robots are becoming more capable, easier to program and able to explain what they are doing. Investors ____11____ into robotics startups. OpenAi the creator of ChatGPT, which gave up on robots a few years ago, has changed its mind and started hiring a new robotics team. When brought to ____12____ upon the physical world, previously disembodied AI now appears to have enormous potential. Robots can inspire fear. Human beings are trained from birth by Hollywood to be afraid of them — the latest incarnation (化身) of the ancient tale of the inventor who loses control of his creation. And even if robots are not ____13____ the murderous machines of the “Terminator” films, they can kill off decent-paying jobs in factories and warehouses. Nevertheless, the latest advances in robotics will bring real and substantial benefits. One is that new “multi-modal” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data from robotic sensors and actuators. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect ____14____ robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. And like a chatbot, a robot can be told to modify its behaviour simply by changing a text ____15____, something that would previously have required elaborate reprogramming. Another benefit is that the new models enable robots to explain the ____16____ behind their actions. That is useful when they behave in unexpected or unwelcome ways. So long as robots’ brains are not mysterious black boxes, programming and ____17____ them is fairly straightforward. The new models are also less likely to hallucinate (产生幻觉) — tech-speak for “make things up” — because their perception is ____18____ in observations of the world, and they aim to ensure that cognitive and physical reality match. That makes them safer and more reliable. And one more benefit is that robots are getting better at learning quickly through imitation and at generalizing from one skill to another. This opens the door for robots to move out of factories and warehouses. Several companies and research groups are using the latest AI models to build humanoid robots, on the basis that most of the world, unlike an assembly line, has been designed for people to move around in. Labour markets across the rich world are tight — and getting tighter as societies age. As well as ____19____ productivity while work forces shrink, more capable robots could cook and clean, and care for the aged and the needy. Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living. South Korea, Japan and China are all in the top five countries with the most robots for each manufacturing worker. It is no ____20____ that they are also ageing rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. In the coming years, attitudes could well flip from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Back on the road Could Donald Trump be right about electric vehicles? In March America’s former president, and its EV-basher (抨击者) -in-chief, complained that they “ ____21____” and “don’t go far”. Many car buyers seem to agree. In America deliveries of EVs have not risen in the past three quarters. In greener-than-thou Europe they fell last month, by 11 year on year. On April 23rd Tesla, a representative of the electric revolution, reported poor quarterly results, with falling sales and revenues. It has shed $330bn in stock market value since January 1st. Five other EV companies, collectively worth close to $400bn in 2021, are valued at ____22____ today. Having raced to boost EV production, established carmakers are ____23____. Ford has delayed $12bn in planned EV investments. Mercedes-Benz now says it will reach its goal of selling as many EVs as petrol cars by 2030, five years later than originally promised. You may conclude that the electrified future is ____24____. That would be much too gloomy. In fact there are good reasons to expect demand to pick up. The industry may well emerge from today’s dip on a more sustainable course towards ____25____. One reason for ____26____ is that the recent slowdown is partly cyclical. Sales grew rapidly in 2021 and 22 as cash-rich consumers went on a post-pandemic spending spree (狂欢). Many EVs that are not being bought now were ____27____ back then. Higher interest rates mean that Americans who paid less than 5% year on a car loan two years ago now have to pay more than 8%. That is a problem, especially when in many places the typical EV remains 40-60% pricier than its petrol-powered alternative. Mr. Trump may have a point on EVs’ cost today, but not for much longer—another reason to ____28____ the gloom. The green premium (附加费) is narrowing for many models. Prices of battery minerals such as lithium have fallen, as have prices of the cells they go into. Five years ago electric SUVs were two to three times the cost of their gas-eating cousins, without being two to three times as good. Today you can buy a Ford F-150 Lightning for less than $40,000, just $4,000 more than the petrol version of the popular truck — $4,000 that you ____29____ back in a single year by not having to fill it up with petrol (which, in contrast to lithium, is not getting cheaper). It is easier to juice up, too, at one of roughly 200,000 ____30____ across America, twice the number available in 2020. In China electric cars are already the cheaper option on average, says the International Energy Agency, an official forecaster, even before running costs. Small EVs are two-thirds the price of a comparable fossil-fuel counterpart. A new survey by AlixPartners, a consultancy, found that 97% of Chinese car buyers say their next car will run on batteries. Western carmakers may also draw lessons from the Chinese experience. Whereas early adopters bought a Tesla as a ____31____, the Chinese are now buying cars made by its rival, BYD, because they are good value. Western makers should love less on high-end models and stop neglecting the middle-of-the-road. Until they do, high prices will keep demand under control and economies of scale ____32____ to achieve. The fact that investors are becoming ____33____ should help. They are no longer prepared to pour billions into any e-startup with a passable slide deck (幻灯片集). And they are rewarding firms with mass-market ambitions. Tesla’s stock price plunged when it was reported earlier this month that Elon Musk would stop manufacturing a $25,000 car ____34____ a fleet of self-driving robots. The share price bounced back on April 23rd, after he performed a(n) ____35____. Shares in General Motors, whose bosses talked up its coming mass-market EVS on an earnings call this week, have gained 25% so far this year. 21. A. aren’t equipped with advanced technology B. cost an arm and a leg C. have to be serviced regularly D. can’t run at a high speed 22. A. over $681bn B. the same $400bn C. a mere $58bn D. some unknown market value 23. A. putting on the brakes B. stepping on the gas C. hitting the road D. being behind the wheel 24. A. beyond imagination B. in danger C. of importance D. from wisdom 25. A. economic growth B. industrial production C. social progress D. carbon-free motoring 26. A. optimism B. stress C. conflict D. popularity 27. A. available B. popular C. purchased D. outdated 28. A. sink into B. cast C. dismiss D. be filled with 29. A. invest B. earn C. borrow D. spend 30. A. national parks B. historical buildings C. parking lots D. charging ports 31. A. second vehicle B. status symbol C. green option D. family car 32. A. easy B. crucial C. desirable D. difficult 33. A. more adventurous B. less optimistic C. more sensible D. less active 34. A. in favour of B. by means of C. in spite of D. in case of 35. A. L-turn B. U-turn C. S-turn D. Z-turn Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Backyard bolt from the blue It was around 12.25 pm on Saturday 18 May and I was at home in Whitburn, finishing off writing up a few bird notes from a visit to Norfolk in the preceding few days. I looked up from my notes on the kitchen table and was astonished to see a bright blue passerine jockeying for position (不择手段地谋取有利地位) with the regular Tree Sparrows at the feeders in our back garden. My heart skipped several beats. Looking at it through binoculars for the first time, it immediately reminded me of the Indigo Buntings I’d seen in Florida some years ago. Could it be one - or was there some other explanation? Another blue passerine, perhaps an escape that I’d never heard of? Fumbling with my camera, I managed to take a few record shots. My wife Janette did the same with her phone. I then reached for the The Sibley Guide to Birds and had a reassuring glance to confirm that it was indeed a male Indigo Bunting. I fired a couple off messages of, first of all tentatively to a group of my birding friends, then with more conviction (坚定的信念) on the Durham Bird Club Rare and Scarce WhatsApp Group. Rare indeed! Seconds later, the news was out on BirdGuides. Not long after, the first local birders, Barry Stidolph and Ian Mills, closely followed by Andrew Kinghorn, had seen it and confirmed my ID, which was a relief. It wasn’t long before others started to arrive and the kitchen was full… then the back bedroom, and then the study too! Our back garden at 10 Lizard Lane is completely surrounded, so the only way of viewing the bird was from the house. Fortunately, the Indigo Bunting continued to perform intermittently (间歇地) throughout the afternoon, but began to show more readily in the adjacent garden of our neighbours, Ian and Susan, on Marsden Grove — they also have feeders — and in other surrounding trees. It even perched (栖息；停留) on a TV aerial, and also sang, although I was in the house at the time and unable to hear it. However, the early morning gathering the following day were to be disappointed as there was no sign of the bunting — until it reappeared in Marsden Grove on our neighbours’ feeder at 12.45 pm. The bird remained in the area throughout 20th, but had moved on by 21st. This is, if accepted as a wild bird, only the fourth UK record, and the first on the mainland. Ironically it isn’t even a UK tick for me — I saw the first-winter male on Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, in 1996. This one was a lot prettier, though! 36. How did the author initially confirm that it was a male Indigo Bunting? A. By comparing it with pictures on the Internet. B. By referring to The Sibley Guide to Birds. C. By taking pictures together with his wife. D. By consulting other bird experts in social media sites. 37. Why was the author relieved? A. Because he as well as his wife managed to take good pictures of the bird. B. Because his recognition of the bird was acknowledged by others. C. Because the bird stayed for a long time though it was surrounded by people. D. Because Ian and Susan fed the bird in some trees in their garden. 38. What can we infer from the passage? A. The author is a professional bird trainer. B. The Indigo Bunting is a common bird in the UK. C. The author’s neighbors were not happy about the bird. D. Bird watching is a popular activity among some people. 39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The experience of seeing a rare bird. B. The description of an Indigo Bunting. C. The process of identifying a bird. D. The popularity of bird watching. B Alibaba Earnings Fall, Sales Rise Alibaba Group’s profit sank in the latest quarter, even as revenue growth picked up due to higher sales in its key e-commerce, cloud and logistics businesses. The Chinese company said Tuesday that net income in its fiscal fourth quarter ended March rose 86% from a year earlier to 3.27 billion yuan, equivalent to $452.1 million, well short of the 15.27 billion yuan expected by analysts in a FactSet poll. Alibaba said the bottom line was hurt by a net loss in investments, during the quarter due to mark-to-market changes (按市值计价变动). Adjusted net profit, which excludes items including share-based compensation expenses, investment gains and losses and some impairments, fell 11% to 24.42 billion yuan, missing analysts’ expectations of 25.47 billion yuan. Quarterly revenue rose 6.6% to 221.87 billion yuan, edging analysts’ estimates of 220.62 billion yuan and outpacing the previous quarter’s 5.1%. Sales at Alibaba’s core domestic e-commerce business, Taobao and Tmall Group, rose 3.7% from a year earlier to 93.22 billion yuan. Its cloud-computing unit, which has trimmed prices in recent months, posted a 3. 4% increase in sales to 25.595 billion yuan, while logistics sales rose 30% to 24.56 billion yuan. The company’s overseas e-commerce unit reported a 45% rise in revenue — after 44% growth in the previous quarter — to 27.45 billion yuan. Chief Executive Eddie Wu said in a conference call that the group expects Alibaba Cloud’s revenue, excluding internal customers, to return to double-digit growth in its fiscal second half, and Taobao’s and Tmall’s gross merchandise value to return to healthy growth in the new fiscal year. Alibaba said its board approved a $4 billion dividend for the 2024 fiscal year. It expects to finish upgrading its Hong Kong listing to primary from secondary by the end of August. Quarterly sales growth was in line with the 6% posted Tuesday by fellow Chinese tech giant Tencent. The social-media and gaming company, which said solid ad sales offset gaming weakness, reported a 62% rise in profit, thanks to rapid growth in its high-margin business. 40. Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of mark-to-market changes on Alibaba? A. It had a negligible effect on the company’s overall finance. B. It significantly improved the company’s net income. C. It mainly affected the company’s investment gains and losses. D. It had no influence on the adjusted net profit. 41. Compared with Alibaba Group’s quarterly sales growth, how was Tencent’s quarterly sales growth? A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Almost the same. D. Not mentioned. 42. According to the bar chart, what is the largest possible ratio (比率) between the most profitable quarter and the least profitable one in the net profit quarters? A. 14:1 B. 2:1 C. 3:1 D. 20:1 C Being single is a joyful defiance of convention Single people are often seen as living half a life. We’re just incomplete puzzles, desperately searching for the missing piece to make us whole. But what if the risk is not what we’ll miss out on if we don’t centre our lives around a romantic partner, but what we’ll miss out on if we do? For millions of people, being single is the key to living their best life. They are what Dr Bella DePaulo calls the “single at heart”, and when I first heard that term, I knew she was talking about me. After reading survey data from more than 20,000 people across 100 countries carefully, DePaulo found that — contrary to cultural assumptions that the unpartnered will die miserable and alone, surrounded by cats - those who embrace their single status actually grow happier as they age. The “single at heart” are thriving because of their solo status, not in spite of it. As a single, child-free woman, this is my experience. There is freedom in knowing you’re following your own path, not one dictated by rigid social norms. I feel more at peace with myself at 48 than I ever have, and I’ve forged deep connections with people outside the traditional notions of “family”. Far from feeling like a lesser path, my life feels expansive. It can be hard to imagine a different path when there are so few positive representations of single life. When I heard DePaulo’s story — she’s 70， has never married, never lived with a partner, and is as happy and grounded as anyone you’ll meet — I saw a future that affirmed my choices. She’s one of many single people I interviewed for my podcast, Well Enough Alone: A Guide To Thriving Solo, who have redefined what it means to be alone. What I found fascinating about these conversations is the common thread running through them. People talked of the fulfillment and joyful defiance they feel about refusing to be caged by societal expectations. There are more people living alone today than at any point in human history. In Australia, one in four (26%) homes are single households. In the US it’s nearly 30% and in parts of Sweden, close to half of the population lives alone. For some this may not be the life they planned but, for many, being single is an active choice. Research from the Survey Center on American Life found that 53% of unpartnered Gen Z and 59% of single millennials were not dating because they preferred being single to being in a relationship, rising to 64% of Gen X and 73% of baby boomers. Politicians focus budgets on incentives for “working families” while an unspoken “singles tax” sees people on one income often paying more for insurance, travel, household bills and other living expenses. Perhaps if single status was not viewed as something every unpartnered person wants to change, we would see greater equity for those doing life solo. Instead there is a strong reaction against women rejecting the narrow path that they were told was their natural imperative (必要事). But as the writer Glynnis MacNicol observes, there is no holding back this turning tide as more women find fulfillment their own way: “It’s not just in enjoying my age that I’m defying expectations. It’s that I’ve exempted (免除) myself from the central things we’re told give a woman’s life meaning—partnership and parenting. I’ve discovered that despite all the warnings, I regret none of those choices.” When people warn that I’ll be lonely when I’m older, I say that having a partner or kids won’t necessarily protect you against loneliness. The loneliest I’ve ever felt was in a relationship that was crushing my spirit. 43. What can be inferred about the societal perception of single people from the passage? A. Society has a neutral attitude towards and doesn’t discriminate against them. B. Society almost fully supports and understands the choices of single people. C. Society often views single people negatively and assumes they are incomplete. D. Society has no expectations and imposes no restrictions for single people. 44. What does the author imply by saying “Perhaps if single status was not viewed as something every unpartnered person wants to change, we would see greater equity for those doing life solo”? A. Current policies are fair to and have no huge impact on single people. B. Changing society’s prejudice could lead to better treatment of single people. C. Single people should try to change their status by striving for equal opportunities. D. Societal status should be considered by single people instead of by everyone. 45. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ________. A encourage people to get married in case single population increases B. advocate for more support and understanding for unpartnered people C. warn people against the difficulties of being single and try to avoid it D. compare the lives of single people and married people in terms of happiness 46. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s view on single life? A. It’s a difficult and unhappy choice largely due to popular bias. B. It’s a fulfilling and valid lifestyle despite radical challenges. C. It’s a temporary situation that most people want to change. D. It’s a lonely path that should be avoided especially for women. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Teaching the whole child Aristotle taught his students the importance of managing their emotions. John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience. ____47____ Many educators today take enthusiastically to this thinking, under the support of “social and emotional learning” (SEL), a term as confusing as it is ubiquitous (十分普遍的). Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability. The pandemic supercharged interest in this approach, as educators searched for ways to improve young teens’ lagging social skills or give them techniques for beating the blues. ____48____ They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails. ____49____ For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth. In April the OECD-an organization that for years has carried out international tests in maths, reading and science-published data claiming to show which of a dozen or so character traits best predict higher test scores (persistence and curiosity, for example) and which seem good for mental health (“energy” and “trust”, to take two). To produce these metrics (衡量标准), analysts sent youngsters in 15 countries surveys seeking to measure these characteristics. The goal is to start making these traits more visible — and, ideally, improvable — in school. Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school). ____50____ The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues. And older kids are getting this type of instruction now, not just pre-school toddlers and primary-school pupils. Educators have come to realise that “we shouldn’t stop promoting these things after a child has turned seven,” says Hannah Ulferts of the OECD. A. Yet critics see a shiny distraction from the hard work of academic learning. B. A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL. C. The modern business of SEL builds on previous thinking in a number of ways. D. That could improve classroom behaviour, goes the thinking, which would reduce disruptions and enable lessons to go more smoothly. E. It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else. F. The costs and benefits of the surge in such teaching are not yet clear, but there are reasons to question whether it is all for the good. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. AI reads brain activity to tell which bit of a movie you are watching Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made. A deep brain structure called the hippocampus (海马体) contains neurons that encode the identity of objects, such as tools or buildings. The cells involved then respond to stimuli depicting those objects. But a lot of our knowledge about this comes from studying people while they view isolated images, rather than responding to changing scenes. To learn more, Franziska Gerken at the Technical University of Munich in Germany and her colleagues turned to 29 people who had electrodes implanted into their brains. The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer. Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions. When the participants rewatched the film, the researchers could tell which content people were viewing by looking at the neuronal responses. The neurons in all the regions in and around the hippocampus responded to the film’s features and visual categories, but activity in some regions reflected these more than others. For example, the activity of visually responsive neurons in a region known as the parahippocampal gyrus was linked to scene transitions and locations, while the activity of cells in an adjacent region called the amygdala (杏仁核) became activated with the presence of the film’s main characters. Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”. “Neuroscience is full of experiments that are far from real-life memory functioning, so it’s valuable to analyse single neuron responses to different movie characters and scenes to disentangle the contribution of different neuron populations to encoding and storing real memories,” he says. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 前面有个木秋千和一个大院子，院子一直延伸到山脚下。(In…)（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 市长一上任就把解决人民群众急难愁盼的事视为重中之重。(priority) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 文章详尽讨论了国企在稳增长、促创新两方面的积极作用，并为企业发展助力赋能。(role) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 他诗题材广泛，意境高远，体现了他的浪漫情怀和凌云壮志，可谓绣口一吐，便是半个盛唐。(profound) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是高三学生李敏，你在美国的好友Mike的妈妈下周一就要过生日了，但不巧的是他妈妈正在中国旅游，不能回美国团聚。他想送妈妈一段亲自做的音频剪辑(audio clip)的手机铃声(ringtone)，作为生日礼物，送给远在大洋彼岸的妈妈。他有两个选择，而他对选择哪一个犹豫不决。写信给你，征求你的意见。请你给他写一封回信，帮他选择其中之一，并说明理由。 1. 直接选取 Taylor Swift《The Best Day》中的尾奏(outro)部分，歌词内容如下： Now I know why all the trees change in the fall I know you were on my side even when I was wrong And I love you for giving me your eyes Staying back and watching me shine and I didn’t know if you knew So I’m taking this chance to say that I had the best day with you today 2. 将许渊冲先生译的《游子吟》通过AI软件制作成歌曲，诗词如下： Song of the Parting Son From the threads a mother’s hand weaves, A gown for parting son is made. Sewn stitch by stitch before he leaves, For fear his return be delayed. Such kindness as young grass receives, From the warm sun can’t be repaid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市延安中学2024学年第一学期9月质量调研 高三年级英语试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分115分） Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. As he prepared to begin filming Iron Man in early 2007, the director Jon Favreau rented out a complex in Los Angeles that once belonged to Hughes Aircraft, the aerospace and defense contractor started about eighty years earlier by Howard Hughes. The facility had a series of interlocking hangars (飞机库) and served as a production office for the movie. It also supplied Robert Downey Jr., who was to play Iron Man and his human creator Tony Stark, with a splash of inspiration. Downey felt nostalgic looking at one of the larger hangars, which ____1____ (fall) into a state of disrepair. Not too long ago, that building had played host to the big ideas of a big man who shook up industries and did things his own way. Downey heard some rumors about ____2____ Hughes-like figure named Elon Musk who had constructed his own, modern-day industrial complex about ten miles away. ____3____ visualizing how life might have been for Hughes, Downey ____4____ perhaps get a taste of the real thing. He set off in March 2007 for SpaceX’s headquarters in El Segundo and wound up ____5____ (receive) a personal tour from Musk. “My mind is not easily blown, but this place and this guy were amazing,” Downey said. To Downey, the SpaceX facility looked like a giant, exotic hardware store. Enthusiastic employees were running about, fiddling with (不停摆弄) different types of machines. Young white-collar engineers interacted with blue-collar assembly line workers, and they all seemed ____6____ (share) a genuine excitement for ____7____ they were doing. “It ____8____ (feel) like a radical start-up company,” Downey said. After the initial tour, Downey came away pleased ____9____ the sets being hammered out at the Hughes factory did have parallels to the SpaceX factory. “Things didn’t feel out of place,” he said. Both Musk and Stark were the type of men, according to Downey, who “had seized an idea to live by and _____10_____ to dedicate themselves to” and were not going to waste a moment. 【答案】1. had fallen 2. a 3. Instead of 4. could 5. receiving 6. to share 7. what 8. felt 9. that 10. something 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了小罗伯特·唐尼是一位非常专业的演员，他为了扮演好每一个角色都会进行深入的研究和准备。文章还讲述了他为了演好角色亲自探索SpaceX。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：唐尼看着其中一个年久失修的大机库，不禁怀旧起来。which指代one of the larger hangars，“(fall) into a state of disrepair”先于felt，因此用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”发生的动作，故填had fallen。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：唐尼听到一些传言，说有一个像休斯一样的人，名叫埃隆·马斯克，他在10英里外建造了自己的现代工业园区。figure“人物”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰， Hughes-like发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 【3题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：唐尼也许可以体验一下真实的生活，而不是想象休斯的生活是怎样的。根据句意，前后文是转折关系，instead of而不是，符合语境，故填Instead of。 【4题详解】 考查情态动词。句意同上。原形动词前用情态动词，表示可能性，结合“heard”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，用表示情态动词could表示逻辑上的可能性，故填could。 【5题详解】 考查动名词。句意：2007年3月，他出发前往位于埃尔塞贡多的SpaceX总部，最终获得了来自马斯克的私人参观。wound up后用动名词作介词宾语，wind up doing“最终做某事”。故填receiving。 【6题详解】 考查不定式。句意：年轻的白领工程师与流水线上的蓝领工人互动，他们似乎都对自己所做的事情感到由衷的兴奋。seem后接不定式作宾语，故填to share。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：年轻的白领工程师与流水线上的蓝领工人互动，他们似乎都对自己所做的事情感到由衷的兴奋。空处引导宾语从句，作介词宾语，从句doing缺少宾语，指物，用连接词what引导从句，故填what。 8题详解】 考查时态。句意：“感觉就像一家激进的初创公司，”唐尼说。根据前后文内容可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填felt。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：首次参观后，唐尼很高兴地发现休斯工厂正在敲定的布景与SpaceX工厂确实有相似之处。形容词pleased后接宾语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连词that引导宾语从句，无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用，故填that。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：据唐尼说，马斯克和斯塔克都是那种抓住了一个可以为之而活的想法以及一些可以奉献自己的东西的男人，他们不会浪费任何一刻。and连接an idea和空处，作seize的并列宾语，根据句意，something“某些东西”符合语境。故填something。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. prompt B. grounded C. pile D. debugging E. coincidence F. literally G. boosting H. fictionally I. bear J. reasoning K. grant From talk to action The robots are coming! In science fiction that is usually an ominous warning. In the real world, it is a prediction — and a welcome one. The field of robotics has made impressive progress in the past year, as researchers in universities and industry have applied advances in artificial intelligence (AI) to machines. As a result, robots are becoming more capable, easier to program and able to explain what they are doing. Investors ____11____ into robotics startups. OpenAi the creator of ChatGPT, which gave up on robots a few years ago, has changed its mind and started hiring a new robotics team. When brought to ____12____ upon the physical world, previously disembodied AI now appears to have enormous potential. Robots can inspire fear. Human beings are trained from birth by Hollywood to be afraid of them — the latest incarnation (化身) of the ancient tale of the inventor who loses control of his creation. And even if robots are not ____13____ the murderous machines of the “Terminator” films, they can kill off decent-paying jobs in factories and warehouses. Nevertheless, the latest advances in robotics will bring real and substantial benefits. One is that new “multi-modal” AI models combine understanding of language and vision with data from robotic sensors and actuators. This makes it possible to deal with robots using ordinary words. You can ask a robot what it is able to see or tell it to “pick up the yellow fruit”. Such models in effect ____14____ robots a degree of common sense — in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit. And like a chatbot, a robot can be told to modify its behaviour simply by changing a text ____15____, something that would previously have required elaborate reprogramming. Another benefit is that the new models enable robots to explain the ____16____ behind their actions. That is useful when they behave in unexpected or unwelcome ways. So long as robots’ brains are not mysterious black boxes, programming and ____17____ them is fairly straightforward. The new models are also less likely to hallucinate (产生幻觉) — tech-speak for “make things up” — because their perception is ____18____ in observations of the world, and they aim to ensure that cognitive and physical reality match. That makes them safer and more reliable. And one more benefit is that robots are getting better at learning quickly through imitation and at generalizing from one skill to another. This opens the door for robots to move out of factories and warehouses. Several companies and research groups are using the latest AI models to build humanoid robots, on the basis that most of the world, unlike an assembly line, has been designed for people to move around in. Labour markets across the rich world are tight — and getting tighter as societies age. As well as ____19____ productivity while work forces shrink, more capable robots could cook and clean, and care for the aged and the needy. Advanced economies will need more automation if they are to maintain their standards of living. South Korea, Japan and China are all in the top five countries with the most robots for each manufacturing worker. It is no ____20____ that they are also ageing rapidly. Without robots to help out, more people may have to work longer and retire later. In the coming years, attitudes could well flip from fearing the arrival of robots to wishing that they would get here sooner. 【答案】11. C 12. I 13. F 14. K 15. A 16. J 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人时代到来，机器人变得更有能力，更容易编程，并且能够解释它们在做什么。解释了机器人的工作原理以及对社会的影响。 11题详解】 考查动词。句意：投资者纷纷涌入机器人创业公司。根据“into robotics startups”以及句意“涌入”可知应填动词pile，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果将人工智能应用于物理世界，以前无实体的人工智能现在似乎拥有巨大的潜力。根据“upon the physical world”以及句意“应用于、涉及”可知应填动词bear，构成短语bear upon，此处to为不定式符号（be brought to do），应填原形。故选I。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：即使机器人不是《终结者》电影中的杀人机器，它们也会扼杀工厂和仓库中的体面工作。根据“the murderous machines of the “Terminator” films”以及句意“真正地”可知应填副词literally，修饰动词。故选F。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：这样的模型实际上赋予了机器人一定程度的常识——在这种情况下，知道附近的香蕉是一种黄色的水果。根据“in this case, knowing that a nearby banana is a kind of yellow fruit”以及句意“赋予”可知应填动词grant，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为models，谓语用原形。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：就像聊天机器人一样，只需改变文本提示，机器人就可以被告知改变自己的行为，而这在以前需要精心的重新编程。根据“And like a chatbot, a robot can be told to modify its behaviour simply by changing a text”以及句意“提示”可知应填名词prompt，作宾语，故选A。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：另一个好处是，新模型使机器人能够解释其行为背后的原因。根据“behind their actions”以及句意“原因”可知应填名词reasoning，作宾语。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查动名词。句意：只要机器人的大脑不是神秘的黑盒子，编程和调试就相当简单。根据“So long as robots’ brains are not mysterious black boxes, programming”以及后文“them is fairly straightforward”以及句意“调试”可知应填动名词debugging，作句子的主语。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：新模型也不太可能产生幻觉——用技术术语来说就是“编造”——因为它们的感知是建立在对世界的观察基础上的，它们的目标是确保认知和物理现实相匹配。这使得它们更安全、更可靠。根据“in observations of the world”以及句意“新模型也不太可能产生幻觉——用技术术语来说就是“编造”——因为它们的感知是建立在对世界的观察基础上的，它们的目标是确保认知和物理现实相匹配。这使得它们更安全、更可靠。”可知应填动词ground，根据上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 【19题详解】 考查动名词。句意：除了在劳动力萎缩的情况下提高生产率外，更有能力的机器人还可以做饭、打扫卫生、照顾老人和有需要的人。根据“productivity while work forces shrink”以及句意“提高”可知应填动名词boosting，作介词的宾语。故选G。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们也在迅速老龄化，这并非巧合。根据“they are also ageing rapidly”以及句意“巧合”可知应填名词coincidence，作表语，故选E。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Back on the road Could Donald Trump be right about electric vehicles? In March America’s former president, and its EV-basher (抨击者) -in-chief, complained that they “ ____21____” and “don’t go far”. Many car buyers seem to agree. In America deliveries of EVs have not risen in the past three quarters. In greener-than-thou Europe they fell last month, by 11 year on year. On April 23rd Tesla, a representative of the electric revolution, reported poor quarterly results, with falling sales and revenues. It has shed $330bn in stock market value since January 1st. Five other EV companies, collectively worth close to $400bn in 2021, are valued at ____22____ today. Having raced to boost EV production, established carmakers are ____23____. Ford has delayed $12bn in planned EV investments. Mercedes-Benz now says it will reach its goal of selling as many EVs as petrol cars by 2030, five years later than originally promised. You may conclude that the electrified future is ____24____. That would be much too gloomy. In fact there are good reasons to expect demand to pick up. The industry may well emerge from today’s dip on a more sustainable course towards ____25____. One reason for ____26____ is that the recent slowdown is partly cyclical. Sales grew rapidly in 2021 and 22 as cash-rich consumers went on a post-pandemic spending spree (狂欢). Many EVs that are not being bought now were ____27____ back then. Higher interest rates mean that Americans who paid less than 5% year on a car loan two years ago now have to pay more than 8%. That is a problem, especially when in many places the typical EV remains 40-60% pricier than its petrol-powered alternative. Mr. Trump may have a point on EVs’ cost today, but not for much longer—another reason to ____28____ the gloom. The green premium (附加费) is narrowing for many models. Prices of battery minerals such as lithium have fallen, as have prices of the cells they go into. Five years ago electric SUVs were two to three times the cost of their gas-eating cousins, without being two to three times as good. Today you can buy a Ford F-150 Lightning for less than $40,000, just $4,000 more than the petrol version of the popular truck — $4,000 that you ____29____ back in a single year by not having to fill it up with petrol (which, in contrast to lithium, is not getting cheaper). It is easier to juice up, too, at one of roughly 200,000 ____30____ across America, twice the number available in 2020. In China electric cars are already the cheaper option on average, says the International Energy Agency, an official forecaster, even before running costs. Small EVs are two-thirds the price of a comparable fossil-fuel counterpart. A new survey by AlixPartners, a consultancy, found that 97% of Chinese car buyers say their next car will run on batteries. Western carmakers may also draw lessons from the Chinese experience. Whereas early adopters bought a Tesla as a ____31____, the Chinese are now buying cars made by its rival, BYD, because they are good value. Western makers should love less on high-end models and stop neglecting the middle-of-the-road. Until they do, high prices will keep demand under control and economies of scale ____32____ to achieve. The fact that investors are becoming ____33____ should help. They are no longer prepared to pour billions into any e-startup with a passable slide deck (幻灯片集). And they are rewarding firms with mass-market ambitions. Tesla’s stock price plunged when it was reported earlier this month that Elon Musk would stop manufacturing a $25,000 car ____34____ a fleet of self-driving robots. The share price bounced back on April 23rd, after he performed a(n) ____35____. Shares in General Motors, whose bosses talked up its coming mass-market EVS on an earnings call this week, have gained 25% so far this year. 21. A. aren’t equipped with advanced technology B. cost an arm and a leg C. have to be serviced regularly D. can’t run at a high speed 22. A. over $681bn B. the same $400bn C. a mere $58bn D. some unknown market value 23. A. putting on the brakes B. stepping on the gas C. hitting the road D. being behind the wheel 24. A. beyond imagination B. in danger C. of importance D. from wisdom 25 A. economic growth B. industrial production C. social progress D. carbon-free motoring 26. A. optimism B. stress C. conflict D. popularity 27. A. available B. popular C. purchased D. outdated 28. A. sink into B. cast C. dismiss D. be filled with 29. A. invest B. earn C. borrow D. spend 30. A. national parks B. historical buildings C. parking lots D. charging ports 31. A. second vehicle B. status symbol C. green option D. family car 32. A. easy B. crucial C. desirable D. difficult 33. A. more adventurous B. less optimistic C. more sensible D. less active 34. A. in favour of B. by means of C. in spite of D. in case of 35. A. L-turn B. U-turn C. S-turn D. Z-turn 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讨论的是电动汽车行业的现状、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景，特别是针对唐纳德·特朗普对电动汽车的批评进行了反驳，并提出了乐观的预期。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年3月，美国前总统兼电动汽车的首席抨击者抱怨说，电动汽车“耗资巨大”，“走不了多远”。A. aren’t equipped with advanced technology没有先进的技术装备；B. cost an arm and a leg花了一大笔钱；C. have to be serviced regularly需要定期保养；D. can’t run at a high speed不能高速跑。根据上文“its EV-basher (抨击者) -in-chief, complained that they”及客观事实可知，电动汽车耗资巨大，所以遭到抨击。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：2021年，其他五家电动汽车公司的总市值接近4000亿美元，而如今的估值仅为580亿美元。A. over $681bn超过6810美元；B. the same $400bn同样的4000亿美元；C. a mere $58bn仅仅580亿美元；D. some unknown market value一些未知的市场价值。根据上文“falling sales”可知，销量下降，空格处所选的数值肯定比4000亿美元少，C选项符合语境。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在竞相提高电动汽车产量后，老牌汽车制造商放慢了速度。A. putting on the brakes放慢速度；B. stepping on the gas猛踩油门；C. hitting the road开始流浪，上路；D. being behind the wheel坐在方向盘后面。根据下文“Ford has delayed $12bn in planned EV investments”可知，老牌汽车制造商放慢了制造电动汽车的速度。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：你可能会得出这样的结论：电气化的未来处于危险之中。A. beyond imagination超乎想象；B. in danger处于危险之中；C. of importance重要；D. from wisdom从智慧。根据上文“Ford has delayed $12bn in planned EV investments. Mercedes-Benz now says it will reach its goal of selling as many EVs as petrol cars by 2030, five years later than originally promised”可知，福特推迟了120亿美元的电动汽车投资计划。梅赛德斯-奔驰现在表示，到2030年，它将实现电动汽车销量与汽油车一样多的目标，比最初承诺的时间晚了5年，所以你可能得到的结论是电气化的未来处于危险之中。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：汽车行业很可能走出今天的低谷，走上一条更可持续的道路，走向无碳汽车。A. economic growth经济增长；B. industrial production工业生产；C. social progress社会进步；D. carbon-free motoring无碳汽车。根据第一段“electric vehicles”可知，本文主要讨论的是电动汽车的未来，电动汽车属于无碳骑车，因此D选项符合语境，表示“汽车行业很可能走出今天的低谷，走上一条更可持续的道路，走向无碳汽车”。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乐观的一个原因是，最近的经济放缓在一定程度上是周期性的。A. optimism乐观；B. stress压力；C. conflict矛盾；D. popularity受欢迎程度。根据上文“The industry may well emerge from today’s dip on a more sustainable course towards”可知，此处是对电动汽车行业持乐观态度。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多不是现在买的电动汽车都是当年买的。A. available可获得的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. purchased已经购买的；D. outdated过时的。根据上文“Sales grew rapidly in 2021 and 22 as cash-rich consumers went on a post-pandemic spending spree”可知，很多不是现在买的电动汽车都是当年买的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义和动词短语辨析。句意：目前，特朗普对电动汽车成本的看法或许有一定道理，但这种情况不会持续太久——这是打消悲观情绪的另一个理由。A. sink into陷入；B. cast投射；C. dismiss开除，不考虑；D. be filled with充满。根据上一段“The industry may well emerge from today’s dip on a more sustainable course towards”和空前的“Mr. Trump may have a point on EVs’ cost today, but not for much longer”可知，特朗普对电动汽车成本的看法或许有一定道理，但这种情况不会持续太久，这个是对电动汽车行业持乐观态度的一个理由，也就是打消悲观情绪的另一个理由，空格处用dismiss符合语境。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，你可以用不到4万美元的价格买到一辆福特F-150闪电，只比这款流行卡车的汽油版贵4000美元——不用加满汽油，一年就能赚回4000美元（与锂电池相比，汽油并没有变得更便宜）。A. invest投资；B. earn赚；C. borrow借入；D. spend花费。根据上文“just $4,000 more than the petrol version of the popular truck”可知，此处指赚回4000美元。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：全美大约有20万个充电口，到2020年这一数量将增加一倍，在其中一个充电口充电也更容易。A. national parks国家公园；B. historical buildings历史建筑；C. parking lots停车场；D. charging ports充电接口。根据上文“It is easier to juice up, too, at one of roughly 200,000”可知，是在充电口充电。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：早期的消费者购买特斯拉是作为身份的象征，而中国人现在购买特斯拉的竞争对手比亚迪生产的汽车，因为它们物有所值。A. second vehicle第二个车；B. status symbol身份的象征；C. green option绿色的选择；D. family car家庭汽车。根据上文“early adopters bought a Tesla as”和客观事实可知，早期的消费者购买特斯拉是作为身份的象征。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此之前，高价格将使需求得到控制，规模经济难以实现。A. easy简单的；B. crucial关键的；C. desirable可取的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“high prices will keep demand under control”可知，高价格将使需求得到控制，规模经济难以实现，空格处意为“困难的”。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者正变得更加明智，这一事实应该有所帮助。A. more adventurous更冒险的；B. less optimistic不那么乐观的；C. more sensible更加明智的；D. less active不那么活跃的。根据下文“They are no longer prepared to pour billions into any e-startup with a passable slide deck”可知，投资者正变得更加明智。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：本月早些时候有报道称，Elon Musk将停止生产一款2.5万美元的汽车，转而生产一批自动驾驶机器人，特斯拉的股价因此暴跌。A. in favour of支持；B. by means of通过；C. in spite of尽管；D. in case of万一。根据上文“stop manufacturing a $25,000 car”和下文“a fleet of self-driving robots”可知，Elon Musk将停止生产一款2.5万美元的汽车，转而生产一批自动驾驶机器人，也就是Elon Musk支持生产自动驾驶机器人，空格处意为“支持”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他做出一个180度大转弯后，股价在4月23日反弹。A. L-turn左转弯；B. U-turn掉头；C. S-turnS形转弯；D. Z-turnZ形转弯。根据下文“Shares in General Motors, whose bosses talked up its coming mass-market EVS on an earnings call this week”可知，此处是指做出了一个180度大转弯，也就是U-turn。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Backyard bolt from the blue It was around 12.25 pm on Saturday 18 May and I was at home in Whitburn, finishing off writing up a few bird notes from a visit to Norfolk in the preceding few days. I looked up from my notes on the kitchen table and was astonished to see a bright blue passerine jockeying for position (不择手段地谋取有利地位) with the regular Tree Sparrows at the feeders in our back garden. My heart skipped several beats. Looking at it through binoculars for the first time, it immediately reminded me of the Indigo Buntings I’d seen in Florida some years ago. Could it be one - or was there some other explanation? Another blue passerine, perhaps an escape that I’d never heard of? Fumbling with my camera, I managed to take a few record shots. My wife Janette did the same with her phone. I then reached for the The Sibley Guide to Birds and had a reassuring glance to confirm that it was indeed a male Indigo Bunting. I fired a couple off messages of, first of all tentatively to a group of my birding friends, then with more conviction (坚定的信念) on the Durham Bird Club Rare and Scarce WhatsApp Group. Rare indeed! Seconds later, the news was out on BirdGuides. Not long after, the first local birders, Barry Stidolph and Ian Mills, closely followed by Andrew Kinghorn, had seen it and confirmed my ID, which was a relief. It wasn’t long before others started to arrive and the kitchen was full… then the back bedroom, and then the study too! Our back garden at 10 Lizard Lane is completely surrounded, so the only way of viewing the bird was from the house. Fortunately, the Indigo Bunting continued to perform intermittently (间歇地) throughout the afternoon, but began to show more readily in the adjacent garden of our neighbours, Ian and Susan, on Marsden Grove — they also have feeders — and in other surrounding trees. It even perched (栖息；停留) on a TV aerial, and also sang, although I was in the house at the time and unable to hear it. However, the early morning gathering the following day were to be disappointed as there was no sign of the bunting — until it reappeared in Marsden Grove on our neighbours’ feeder at 12.45 pm. The bird remained in the area throughout 20th, but had moved on by 21st. This is, if accepted as a wild bird, only the fourth UK record, and the first on the mainland. Ironically it isn’t even a UK tick for me — I saw the first-winter male on Ramsey Island, Pembrokeshire, in 1996. This one was a lot prettier, though! 36. How did the author initially confirm that it was a male Indigo Bunting? A. By comparing it with pictures on the Internet. B. By referring to The Sibley Guide to Birds. C. By taking pictures together with his wife. D. By consulting other bird experts in social media sites. 37. Why was the author relieved? A. Because he as well as his wife managed to take good pictures of the bird. B. Because his recognition of the bird was acknowledged by others. C. Because the bird stayed for a long time though it was surrounded by people. D. Because Ian and Susan fed the bird in some trees in their garden. 38. What can we infer from the passage? A. The author is a professional bird trainer. B. The Indigo Bunting is a common bird in the UK. C. The author’s neighbors were not happy about the bird. D. Bird watching is a popular activity among some people. 39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The experience of seeing a rare bird. B. The description of an Indigo Bunting. C. The process of identifying a bird. D. The popularity of bird watching. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁属于记叙文。作者在家中后院意外发现一只罕见的雄性靛蓝彩鹀，并围绕这一事件进行了详细的叙述，包括作者的观察、识别过程、与其他观鸟者的交流以及事件引发的后续情况等。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“I then reached for the The Sibley Guide to Birds and had a reassuring glance to confirm that it was indeed a male Indigo Bunting. (然后我伸手去拿《西布利鸟类指南》，放心地看了一眼，确认那确实是一只雄性靛蓝鹀。)”可知，作者通过查阅《西布利鸟类指南》来确认这是一只雄性靛蓝彩鹀。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“Not long after, the first local birders, Barry Stidolph and Ian Mills, closely followed by Andrew Kinghorn, had seen it and confirmed my ID, which was a relief. (不久之后，当地的第一批观鸟者巴里·斯蒂多尔夫和伊恩·米尔斯，紧接着是安德鲁·金霍恩，都看到了这只鸟并确认了我的识别结果，这让我松了一口气。)”可知，作者感到宽慰是因为他的鸟类识别得到了其他人的认可。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段中的“It wasn’t long before others started to arrive and the kitchen was full… then the back bedroom, and then the study too! Our back garden at 10 Lizard Lane is completely surrounded, so the only way of viewing the bird was from the house. (没过多久，其他人也开始陆续到来，厨房挤满了人……然后是后卧室，最后是书房！我们位于蜥蜴巷10号的后院完全被包围了，所以观察这只鸟的唯一方式就是从房子里看。)”可知，作者和其他人都在观察这只罕见的鸟类，并且有很多人来到作者家中观看这只鸟，这表明观鸟活动在某些人中是受欢迎的，故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段“Fumbling with my camera, I managed to take a few record shots. My wife Janette did the same with her phone. I then reached for the The Sibley Guide to Birds and had a reassuring glance to confirm that it was indeed a male Indigo Bunting. (我笨拙地拿起相机，设法拍了几张记录照。我的妻子珍妮特也用手机拍了几张。然后我拿起《西布利鸟类指南》，满怀信心地确认这确实是一只雄性靛蓝彩鹀。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在家中后院意外发现了一只罕见的雄性靛蓝彩鹀，并通过拍照、查阅书籍和咨询他人等方式确认了这只鸟的身份，最终吸引了众多观鸟者前来观看。因此，文章的主要内容是作者看到一只罕见鸟类的经历，故选A。 B Alibaba Earnings Fall, Sales Rise Alibaba Group’s profit sank in the latest quarter, even as revenue growth picked up due to higher sales in its key e-commerce, cloud and logistics businesses. The Chinese company said Tuesday that net income in its fiscal fourth quarter ended March rose 86% from a year earlier to 3.27 billion yuan, equivalent to $452.1 million, well short of the 15.27 billion yuan expected by analysts in a FactSet poll. Alibaba said the bottom line was hurt by a net loss in investments, during the quarter due to mark-to-market changes (按市值计价变动). Adjusted net profit, which excludes items including share-based compensation expenses, investment gains and losses and some impairments, fell 11% to 24.42 billion yuan, missing analysts’ expectations of 25.47 billion yuan. Quarterly revenue rose 6.6% to 221.87 billion yuan, edging analysts’ estimates of 220.62 billion yuan and outpacing the previous quarter’s 5.1%. Sales at Alibaba’s core domestic e-commerce business, Taobao and Tmall Group, rose 3.7% from a year earlier to 93.22 billion yuan. Its cloud-computing unit, which has trimmed prices in recent months, posted a 3. 4% increase in sales to 25.595 billion yuan, while logistics sales rose 30% to 24.56 billion yuan. The company’s overseas e-commerce unit reported a 45% rise in revenue — after 44% growth in the previous quarter — to 27.45 billion yuan. Chief Executive Eddie Wu said in a conference call that the group expects Alibaba Cloud’s revenue, excluding internal customers, to return to double-digit growth in its fiscal second half, and Taobao’s and Tmall’s gross merchandise value to return to healthy growth in the new fiscal year. Alibaba said its board approved a $4 billion dividend for the 2024 fiscal year. It expects to finish upgrading its Hong Kong listing to primary from secondary by the end of August. Quarterly sales growth was in line with the 6% posted Tuesday by fellow Chinese tech giant Tencent. The social-media and gaming company, which said solid ad sales offset gaming weakness, reported a 62% rise in profit, thanks to rapid growth in its high-margin business. 40. Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of mark-to-market changes on Alibaba? A. It had a negligible effect on the company’s overall finance. B. It significantly improved the company’s net income. C. It mainly affected the company’s investment gains and losses. D. It had no influence on the adjusted net profit. 41. Compared with Alibaba Group’s quarterly sales growth, how was Tencent’s quarterly sales growth? A. Higher. B. Lower. C. Almost the same. D. Not mentioned. 42. According to the bar chart, what is the largest possible ratio (比率) between the most profitable quarter and the least profitable one in the net profit quarters? A. 14:1 B. 2:1 C. 3:1 D. 20:1 【答案】40. C 41. C 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了阿里巴巴集团最近一个季度的财务表现及其业务亮点和展望。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Alibaba said the bottom line was hurt by a net loss in investments, during the quarter due to mark-to-market changes (按市值计价变动).(阿里巴巴表示，由于按市值计价的变化，本季度投资出现净亏损，影响了利润。)”可知，最能反映按市值计价的变化对阿里巴巴的影响的陈述是主要影响公司的投资损益。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Quarterly sales growth was in line with the 6% posted Tuesday by fellow Chinese tech giant Tencent.(与中国科技巨头腾讯周二公布的6%的季度销售额增幅一致。)”可知，与阿里巴巴集团的季度销售增长相比，腾讯的季度销售增长几乎一样。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表所示，最赚钱的季度是2022年第三季度的大约480亿，赚钱最少的季度是2023年的第四季度的3.27亿，这两个数字的比率是480÷3.27=14.67:1，A选项最接近这个比率，故选A。 C Being single is a joyful defiance of convention Single people are often seen as living half a life. We’re just incomplete puzzles, desperately searching for the missing piece to make us whole. But what if the risk is not what we’ll miss out on if we don’t centre our lives around a romantic partner, but what we’ll miss out on if we do? For millions of people, being single is the key to living their best life. They are what Dr Bella DePaulo calls the “single at heart”, and when I first heard that term, I knew she was talking about me. After reading survey data from more than 20,000 people across 100 countries carefully, DePaulo found that — contrary to cultural assumptions that the unpartnered will die miserable and alone, surrounded by cats - those who embrace their single status actually grow happier as they age. The “single at heart” are thriving because of their solo status, not in spite of it. As a single, child-free woman, this is my experience. There is freedom in knowing you’re following your own path, not one dictated by rigid social norms. I feel more at peace with myself at 48 than I ever have, and I’ve forged deep connections with people outside the traditional notions of “family”. Far from feeling like a lesser path, my life feels expansive. It can be hard to imagine a different path when there are so few positive representations of single life. When I heard DePaulo’s story — she’s 70， has never married, never lived with a partner, and is as happy and grounded as anyone you’ll meet — I saw a future that affirmed my choices. She’s one of many single people I interviewed for my podcast, Well Enough Alone: A Guide To Thriving Solo, who have redefined what it means to be alone. What I found fascinating about these conversations is the common thread running through them. People talked of the fulfillment and joyful defiance they feel about refusing to be caged by societal expectations. There are more people living alone today than at any point in human history. In Australia, one in four (26%) homes are single households. In the US it’s nearly 30% and in parts of Sweden, close to half of the population lives alone. For some this may not be the life they planned but, for many, being single is an active choice. Research from the Survey Center on American Life found that 53% of unpartnered Gen Z and 59% of single millennials were not dating because they preferred being single to being in a relationship, rising to 64% of Gen X and 73% of baby boomers. Politicians focus budgets on incentives for “working families” while an unspoken “singles tax” sees people on one income often paying more for insurance travel, household bills and other living expenses. Perhaps if single status was not viewed as something every unpartnered person wants to change, we would see greater equity for those doing life solo. Instead there is a strong reaction against women rejecting the narrow path that they were told was their natural imperative (必要的事). But as the writer Glynnis MacNicol observes, there is no holding back this turning tide as more women find fulfillment their own way: “It’s not just in enjoying my age that I’m defying expectations. It’s that I’ve exempted (免除) myself from the central things we’re told give a woman’s life meaning—partnership and parenting. I’ve discovered that despite all the warnings, I regret none of those choices.” When people warn that I’ll be lonely when I’m older, I say that having a partner or kids won’t necessarily protect you against loneliness. The loneliest I’ve ever felt was in a relationship that was crushing my spirit. 43. What can be inferred about the societal perception of single people from the passage? A. Society has a neutral attitude towards and doesn’t discriminate against them. B. Society almost fully supports and understands the choices of single people. C. Society often views single people negatively and assumes they are incomplete. D. Society has no expectations and imposes no restrictions for single people. 44. What does the author imply by saying “Perhaps if single status was not viewed as something every unpartnered person wants to change, we would see greater equity for those doing life solo”? A. Current policies are fair to and have no huge impact on single people. B Changing society’s prejudice could lead to better treatment of single people. C. Single people should try to change their status by striving for equal opportunities. D. Societal status should be considered by single people instead of by everyone. 45. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ________. A. encourage people to get married in case single population increases B. advocate for more support and understanding for unpartnered people C. warn people against the difficulties of being single and try to avoid it D. compare the lives of single people and married people in terms of happiness 46. Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s view on single life? A. It’s a difficult and unhappy choice largely due to popular bias. B. It’s a fulfilling and valid lifestyle despite radical challenges. C. It’s a temporary situation that most people want to change. D. It’s a lonely path that should be avoided especially for women. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. B 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了单身生活作为一种积极、独立且自由的选择，而非传统观念中所谓的“不完整”或“次等”的生活方式。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Single people are often seen as living half a life. We’re just incomplete puzzles, desperately searching for the missing piece to make us whole.(单身的人常常被认为过着一半的生活。我们只是不完整的拼图，拼命地寻找缺失的那块使我们完整。)”可知，社会经常消极地看待单身人士，认为他们是不完整的。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Perhaps if single status was not viewed as something every unpartnered person wants to change, we would see greater equity for those doing life solo.(也许，如果单身状态不被视为每个单身人士都想改变的事情，我们就会看到那些独自生活的人获得更大的平等。)”可知，如果社会不再将单身状态视为需要改变的事情，那么选择单身生活的人将得到更公平的待遇，作者通过说这句话暗示了改变社会偏见可能会让单身人士得到更好的待遇。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“After reading survey data from more than 20,000 people across 100 countries carefully, DePaulo found that — contrary to cultural assumptions that the unpartnered will die miserable and alone, surrounded by cats - those who embrace their single status actually grow happier as they age.(在仔细阅读了来自100个国家的2万多人的调查数据后，德保罗发现，与文化上认为没有伴侣的人会在猫的陪伴下痛苦孤独地死去的观点相反，那些接受单身状态的人实际上会随着年龄的增长而变得更快乐。)”和倒数第三段“Perhaps if single status was not viewed as something every unpartnered person wants to change, we would see greater equity for those doing life solo.(也许，如果单身状态不被视为每个单身人士都想改变的事情，我们就会看到那些独自生活的人获得更大的平等。)”可知，作者讨论了单身的积极方面，并主张对那些选择独自生活的人给予更多的支持和理解，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡对单身人士给予更多的支持和理解。故选B。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Single people are often seen as living half a life. We’re just incomplete puzzles, desperately searching for the missing piece to make us whole.(单身的人常常被认为过着一半的生活。我们只是不完整的拼图，拼命地寻找缺失的那块使我们完整。)”，第四段“As a single, child-free woman, this is my experience. There is freedom in knowing you’re following your own path, not one dictated by rigid social norms.(作为一个没有孩子的单身女性，这是我的经验。知道你在走自己的路，而不是被严格的社会规范所左右，这是一种自由。)”和第五段“I feel more at peace with myself at 48 than I ever have, and I’ve forged deep connections with people outside the traditional notions of “family”. Far from feeling like a lesser path, my life feels expansive.(48岁的我觉得自己比以往任何时候都更平和，而且我和传统“家庭”概念之外的人建立了深厚的联系。我的生活并不觉得自己是一条次要的道路，我的生活感觉很广阔。)”可知，作者讨论了单身的许多积极方面，比如自由地走自己的路，以及与传统家庭结构之外的人建立深厚联系的能力。作者也承认单身人士面临的挑战，因此作者对于单身生活的态度是B选项“It’s a fulfilling and valid lifestyle despite radical challenges.(这是一种充实而有效的生活方式，尽管面临着巨大的挑战)”。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Teaching the whole child Aristotle taught his students the importance of managing their emotions. John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience. ____47____ Many educators today take enthusiastically to this thinking, under the support of “social and emotional learning” (SEL), a term as confusing as it is ubiquitous (十分普遍的). Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability. The pandemic supercharged interest in this approach, as educators searched for ways to improve young teens’ lagging social skills or give them techniques for beating the blues. ____48____ They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails. ____49____ For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth. In April the OECD-an organization that for years has carried out international tests in maths, reading and science-published data claiming to show which of a dozen or so character traits best predict higher test scores (persistence and curiosity, for example) and which seem good for mental health (“energy” and “trust”, to take two). To produce these metrics (衡量标准), analysts sent youngsters in 15 countries surveys seeking to measure these characteristics. The goal is to start making these traits more visible — and, ideally, improvable — in school. Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school). ____50____ The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues. And older kids are getting this type of instruction now, not just pre-school toddlers and primary-school pupils. Educators have come to realise that “we shouldn’t stop promoting these things after a child has turned seven,” says Hannah Ulferts of the OECD. A. Yet critics see a shiny distraction from the hard work of academic learning. B. A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL. C. The modern business of SEL builds on previous thinking in a number of ways. D. That could improve classroom behaviour, goes the thinking, which would reduce disruptions and enable lessons to go more smoothly. E. It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else. F. The costs and benefits of the surge in such teaching are not yet clear, but there are reasons to question whether it is all for the good. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了教育者对SEL（社交情感学习）的看法及该教育理念在当代教育中的运用。 【47题详解】 前文“John Dewey, an early 20th-century reformer, sparked the idea that teachers must educate the “whole child”. For decades wealthy parents in Britain (and a few other places) sent kids to boarding schools in the hope that they would pick up traits such as independence and resilience.(20世纪早期的改革家约翰•杜威提出，教师必须教育“完整的孩子”。几十年来，英国（以及其他一些地方）的富裕父母把孩子送到寄宿学校，希望他们能培养出独立和坚韧等特质)”表明一些富裕家庭对于孩子教育的理念，认为培养情感特指很重要，E选项“It is not controversial to argue that a young child’s first years in education are as much about learning social skills and self-control as about anything else.(毫无争议的是，孩子在最初几年的教育中学习的是社会技能和自我控制，而不是其他任何事情)”为对于前文内容家长教育理念的原因的补充说明，且此句内容与下段第一句中“to this thinking”相呼应。故选E。 【48题详解】 前文“Supporters of SEL say that teachers could be doing heaps more to instil (逐渐灌输) in youngsters useful attributes such as optimism, empathy and emotional stability.(SEL的支持者说，老师们可以做更多的事情来给年轻人灌输一些有用的特质，比如乐观、同理心和情绪稳定)”表明SEL支持者的看法，后文“They worry that all sorts of false ideas are riding in on its coat-tails.(他们担心各种错误的想法会借机而来)”为反对者的看法，A选项“然而，批评家们却看到了一个从刻苦的学术学习中转移出来的闪亮的东西”与前文进行转折，表明批评家的看法，与前文支持者的看法相对应。故选A。 【49题详解】 根据后文“For one thing, enthusiasts have sought to be more rigorous (严格的) in defining the non-academic traits which they seek to nurture, and in seeking to measure their growth.(一方面，热衷者们试图更严格地定义他们想要培养的非学术特质，并试图衡量他们的成长)”及下一段“Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).(现在的教师也比他们的前辈更有可能通过明确的学习课程来教授这些社交和情感技能（而不是仅仅寻求通过课外活动或学校更广泛的文化来传播这些技能）)”可知，下面讲述了SEL的现代业务建立在以前的思考基础上的几个方面，C选项“SEL的现代业务以多种方式建立在以前的思考基础上”总起并引出下文。故选C。 【50题详解】 前文“Teachers these days have also grown a lot more likely than their predecessors to try to teach such social and emotional skills through explicit courses of study (rather than seeking only to transmit them through, say, extracurricular activities or the broader culture of a school).(现在的教师也比他们的前辈更有可能通过明确的学习课程来教授这些社交和情感技能（而不是仅仅寻求通过课外活动或学校更广泛的文化来传播这些技能）)”表明现代教师能更明确地教授社交和情感技能，后文“The trend is towards programmes that are taught to whole classes, rather than reserved for individual kids with obvious anger-management or self-esteem issues.(目前的趋势是面向整个班级的课程，而不是留给有明显愤怒管理或自尊问题的个别孩子)”表明这种教育的趋势，B选项“A growing range of commercial curriculums provide lesson plans in service of SEL.(越来越多的商业课程提供为SEL服务的课程计划)”能够承上启下，符合此处语境。故选B。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. AI reads brain activity to tell which bit of a movie you are watching Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made. A deep brain structure called the hippocampus (海马体) contains neurons that encode the identity of objects, such as tools or buildings. The cells involved then respond to stimuli depicting those objects. But a lot of our knowledge about this comes from studying people while they view isolated images, rather than responding to changing scenes. To learn more, Franziska Gerken at the Technical University of Munich in Germany and her colleagues turned to 29 people who had electrodes implanted into their brains. The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer. Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions. When the participants rewatched the film, the researchers could tell which content people were viewing by looking at the neuronal responses. The neurons in all the regions in and around the hippocampus responded to the film’s features and visual categories, but activity in some regions reflected these more than others. For example, the activity of visually responsive neurons in a region known as the parahippocampal gyrus was linked to scene transitions and locations, while the activity of cells in an adjacent region called the amygdala (杏仁核) became activated with the presence of the film’s main characters. Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”. “Neuroscience is full of experiments that are far from real-life memory functioning, so it’s valuable to analyse single neuron responses to different movie characters and scenes to disentangle the contribution of different neuron populations to encoding and storing real memories,” he says. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 This article reports a discovery that movie characters and locations can be decoded by monitoring brain neuron activity during film viewing, shedding light on memory storage mechanisms. It explains this through a study where researchers analyzed neuronal responses of participants watching a movie, using AI to link specific neural activities to film features, demonstrating real-life application of neuroscience. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章报道了一项发现，电影人物和地点可以通过在观看电影时监测大脑神经元的活动来解码，从而揭示记忆存储机制。研究人员通过分析观看电影的参与者的神经反应，利用人工智能将特定的神经活动与电影特征联系起来，展示了神经科学在现实生活中的应用。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made. ②The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer. ③Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions. ④Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”. 2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行重组，将2、3、4三个要点进行整合。将总结性语句放在文章最后。 3.遣词造句 This article reports a discovery that movie characters and locations can be decoded by monitoring brain neuron activity during film viewing, shedding light on memory storage mechanisms. It explains this through a study where researchers analyzed neuronal responses of participants watching a movie, using AI to link specific neural activities to film features, demonstrating real-life application of neuroscience. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This article reports a discovery that movie characters and locations can be decoded by monitoring brain neuron activity during film viewing, shedding light on memory storage mechanisms.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句、现在分词shedding作状语，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】It explains this through a study where researchers analyzed neuronal responses of participants watching a movie, using AI to link specific neural activities to film features, demonstrating real-life application of neuroscience.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三至八段进行了概括。其中where引导的定语从句、现在分词watching作定语、现在分词using和demonstrating作状语，表达非常高级。 Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 前面有个木秋千和一个大院子，院子一直延伸到山脚下。(In…)（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In front of it, there is a wooden swing and a large yard, which extends all the way to the foot of the mountain. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语，存在句，时态，主谓一致和定语从句。“前面”是in front of it，“有”是存在句there be，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，there be句型中谓语动词根据就近原则来确定，即a wooden swing，是单数，因此be动词用is，“个木秋千”是a wooden swing，“一个大院子”是a large yard，“和”是and，“院子一直延伸到山脚下”用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词yard，“一直”是all the way，“延伸到”是extend to，用第三人称单数，“山脚下”是the foot of the mountain，因此整句话翻译为“In front of it, there is a wooden swing and a large yard, which extends all the way to the foot of the mountain”。故答案为In front of it, there is a wooden swing and a large yard, which extends all the way to the foot of the mountain. 53. 市长一上任就把解决人民群众急难愁盼的事视为重中之重。(priority) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As soon as he took office, the mayor made it his priority to solve the people’s urgent problems. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定结构，形式宾语以及非谓语动词。表示“一……就……”用as soon as...，其引导时间状语从句，表示“上任”用take office，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“市长”用the mayor；表示“把解决人民群众急难愁盼的事视为重中之重”用make it his priority to solve the people’s urgent problems，此处使用it为形式宾语，不定式结构为真正的宾语，表示“优先事项，最重要的事”用priority；表示“解决人民群众急难愁盼的事”用solve the people’s urgent problems。故翻译为As soon as he took office, the mayor made it his priority to solve the people’s urgent problems. 54. 文章详尽讨论了国企在稳增长、促创新两方面的积极作用，并为企业发展助力赋能。(role) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The article discusses in detail the positive role of state-owned enterprises in stabilizing growth and promoting innovation, and empowers the development of enterprises. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致，固定短语和动名词。“文章”是the article，“详尽”是in detail，“讨论”是discuss，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the article是单数，因此discuss用第三人称单数，“……在……中的积极作用”是the positive role of...in doing...，“国企”是state-owned enterprise，enterprise要用复数，“稳增长”是stabilize growth，stabilize用动名词作宾语，“促创新”是promote innovation，promote用动名词作宾语，用and连接两个动作，“为……助力赋能”是empower，用第三人称单数，“企业发展”是the development of enterprises，因此整句话翻译为“The article discusses in detail the positive role of state-owned enterprises in stabilizing growth and promoting innovation, and empowers the development of enterprises”。故答案为The article discusses in detail the positive role of state-owned enterprises in stabilizing growth and promoting innovation, and empowers the development of enterprises. 55. 他的诗题材广泛，意境高远，体现了他的浪漫情怀和凌云壮志，可谓绣口一吐，便是半个盛唐。(profound) （汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】His poems, with diverse themes and profound imagery, reflect his romantic feelings and lofty ambitions. It can be said that his poetic talent alone represents half of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和短语。根据句意，本段话是对他诗歌的描述，用一般现在时。题材广泛为“with diverse themes”，意境高远为“profound imagery”，“体现了他的浪漫情怀和凌云壮志”为“reflect his romantic feelings and profound ambitions”作谓语，主语His poet是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；“可谓绣口一吐, 便是半个盛唐”意为“It can be said that his poetic talent alone represents half of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty”。“绣口一吐”比喻才华出众，用“poetic talent alone”表达，it形式主语，真正的主语that引导的从句，can be said that表示“可以说”，“便是半个盛唐”可理解为“代表唐朝的一半繁荣”，意为 represent half of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty，结合主谓一致，故翻译为：His poems, with diverse themes and lofty imagery, reflect his romantic feelings and profound ambitions. It can be said that his poetic talent alone represents half of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. Ⅵ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是高三学生李敏，你在美国的好友Mike的妈妈下周一就要过生日了，但不巧的是他妈妈正在中国旅游，不能回美国团聚。他想送妈妈一段亲自做的音频剪辑(audio clip)的手机铃声(ringtone)，作为生日礼物，送给远在大洋彼岸的妈妈。他有两个选择，而他对选择哪一个犹豫不决。写信给你，征求你的意见。请你给他写一封回信，帮他选择其中之一，并说明理由。 1. 直接选取 Taylor Swift《The Best Day》中的尾奏(outro)部分，歌词内容如下： Now I know why all the trees change in the fall I know you were on my side even when I was wrong And I love you for giving me your eyes Staying back and watching me shine and I didn’t know if you knew So I’m taking this chance to say that I had the best day with you today 2. 将许渊冲先生译的《游子吟》通过AI软件制作成歌曲，诗词如下： Song of the Parting Son From the threads a mother’s hand weaves, A gown for parting son is made. Sewn stitch by stitch before he leaves, For fear his return be delayed. Such kindness as young grass receives, From the warm sun can’t be repaid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, I hope you are doing well. I understand that you want to create a special ringtone for your mom’s birthday and you are torn between two options. Both are wonderful, but I suggest you choose the outro from Taylor Swift’s “The Best Day.” First, the lyrics are heartfelt and express deep appreciation and love for a mother, which will surely resonate with your mom. The lines like “I had the best day with you today” convey a strong emotional connection and gratitude, making it a perfect birthday gift. Second, using an existing song by a popular artist like Taylor Swift might have a higher production quality, ensuring the ringtone sounds great on her phone. This can add to the overall enjoyment she gets from the ringtone. However, whatever you choose, it’s the thought and love behind the gift that count the most. Good luck, and I’m sure your mom will be thrilled with your thoughtful gesture. Best regards, Li Min 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生在美国的好友Mike的妈妈下周一就要过生日了，但不巧的是他妈妈正在中国旅游，不能回美国团聚。他想送妈妈一段亲自做的音频剪辑(audio clip)的手机铃声(ringtone)，作为生日礼物，送给远在大洋彼岸的妈妈。他有两个选择，而他对选择哪一个犹豫不决。写信给你，征求考生的意见。请考生给他写一封回信，帮他选择其中之一，并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggest→advise 感激：appreciation→gratitude 兴奋的：thrilled→excited 选择：choose→select 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The lines like “I had the best day with you today” convey a strong emotional connection and gratitude, making it a perfect birthday gift. 拓展句：The lines like “I had the best day with you today” convey a strong emotional connection and gratitude, which makes it a perfect birthday gift. 【点睛】[高分句型1] First, the lyrics are heartfelt and express deep appreciation and love for a mother, which will surely resonate with your mom. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] However, whatever you choose, it’s the thought and love behind the gift that count the most. (运用了that引导的定语从句和whatever引导的让步状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$