精品解析：上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学测试英语试题

2024-2025学年七宝中学英语开学测试 （满分140） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She felt very relaxed. B. She always travels by air. C. She arrived early in the afternoon. D. She thought the flight was too long. 2. A. When do you usually go to bed? B. How often do you eat take-aways? C. What would you like to have, beef or chicken? D. Are you travelling by car or using public transport? 3. A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 4. A. Because he loves coke. B. Because he is on a diet. C. Because he has to drive. D. Because he doesn’t like wine. 5. A. You should wear training shoes at all time. B. You are not allowed to use all the equipment. C. You have to learn to use all the equipment first. D. You should go there between 7:00 am and 11:30 pm. 6. A. It is not easy to find her new flat. B. She wants to make friends with him. C. If the man gets lost he can call her for help. D. The man has a very poor sense of direction. 7. A. She thinks her sister is very good. B. She thinks her sister spends too much money. C. She is proud since her sister studies in a very famous college. D. She is jealous because their father gives her sister more money. 8 A. 500. B. 98, 542. C. 497. 30. D. 98, 000. 9. A. Wait outside the car. B. Don’t get too close to the car. C. Park the car on the hard shoulder. D. Get out of there before it gets dark. 10. A. He needs to open a new account. B. The field trip is put off until next year. C. He is waiting for some equipment to arrive. D. Someone in his group has got into some trouble. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 12. A. Humor can liven up the classroom atmosphere. B. Humor can help put people at ease and create harmony. C. Humor is highly valued only in English-speaking countries. D. Jokes are so common that doctors and teachers love to tell them. 13. A. After the hour-long session, the woman didn’t make any progress. B. The psychiatrist agreed to move his couch to the other side of the room against the wall. C. Because the woman was so bossy, the roles of psychiatrist and patient were reversed. D. The woman planned to convince the psychiatrist in an hour, but it took only fifty minutes. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To tell everything you remember about a book, movie, or lecture to your listener. B. To share your newfound knowledge with your friends, classmates or roommates. C. To select the major points or highlights of a book, movie, or lecture and tell these to your listener. D. To keep in mind any clues your teacher has given you to Indicate what he or she considers important. 15. A. Focus on one part and describe it in detail. B. Don’t give away the ending in my summary. C. Make my summary extremely complete as well as accurate. D. Organize my thoughts carefully and make my summary as brief as possible. 16. A. Outline and paraphrase what I’ve seen. B. Describe just one scene in detail and even skip the ending. C. Remember ever /thing of the movie and tell them to my friend. D. Watch carefully for the main points and highlights and take notes. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The new office is too small. B. He hates to unwrap all the boxes. C. He needs a printer right now to print out some charts. D. He doesn’t know how to connect the printer to the network. 18. A. Still wrapped in plastic. B. On Tiffany’s desk. C. To the left of Greg’s desk. D. On the shelf at the ending of the corridor. 19. A. Under the printer. B. On the shelf, under the clock. C. In the box which says “Printing”. D. In the bottom drawer of Ray’s desk. 20. A. The printer is out of paper. B. Some office equipment is still wrapped in plastic. C. Some office equipment isn’t connected to the network yet. D. There’s only power cables and ink cartridges in the “Printing" box II. Grammar (10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Could your dog be prone to a fatal disease? Is your new shelter pup part beagle or boxer? Many pet owners seek answers to these questions, and as a result, direct-to-consumer dog DNA testing is booming. Human ___1___ (interfere) with dog DNA has long been the driving factor behind dogs’ breed diversity -or lack thereof. But a dog’s DNA can also be used to confirm their lineage (血统) or identify their breed, a helpful method for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really ___2___ (have) the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dog’s DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds. But breed identification isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association last month, scientists looked, into the accuracy of breed prediction in commercially available DNA tests that required a photo of the dog ___3___ its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a professor who co-authored the study. "Most tests could accurately distinguish the breed of purebred dogs, " says Greene. But the analysis suggested that some testing companies ___4___ rely on the photo more than the dog’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between companies’ business practices and the genetic datasets ___5___ used to determine dog breeds. The researchers submitted photos and DNA of 12 purebred dogs to ___6___ total of six commercial canine (犬的) ancestry identification services. Since each pup was purebred and possessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwork, the researchers knew their breed conclusively — but in some cases they provided a photo of a different dog to see ___7___ the photo influenced the DNA results. One of the companies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dog — almost entirely hairless —___8___ a long-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based on the photo alone. The other five did identify the registered breed correctly, but often gave different predictions for other “ancestor" breeds in dogs ___9___ DNA suggested mixed breeding in prior generations. The researchers concluded that veterinarians and pet owners alike should "approach direct-to-consumer tests with caution" given the lack of industry standardization and at least one company’s reliance on photographs ___10___ DNA analysis. I. Vocabulary (10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assess B. conventional C. envy D. flawed E. forecast F. convert G. measures H. translates I. rounded J. exploits K. warnings Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” After Britain voted to leave the European Union, and GDP was already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to ___11___ what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a(n) ___12___ concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the ___13___ of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the ___14___ about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to ___15___ growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth ___16___ into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than merely focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more ___17___ assessment of how countries are performing. Since the 2008 global crash, in key indicators tn areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have witnessed huge improvement across ___18___ including civil society, income equality and environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can take: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been a ___19___ method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying GDP figures could avoid the ___20___ doom and may even see progress. III. Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us know someone who is always late-a person who seems to have a chronic blind spot when it comes to timekeeping. It can become a source of jokey banter (无恶意的玩笑) among friends, but in another context it can have serious and stressful ___21___ from being late for work, meetings to missing flights and doctors’ appointments. There could be various reasons why you’re ___22___ late. First, you could just be really relaxed. This might be linked to the way you were ___23___ — perhaps you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping. This might have something to do with your ___24___ heritage, too. For instance, there’s evidence that people in some countries, such as Brazil, tend to be much less ___25___ than those in America, for example. Zooming in on some specific psychological processes, you could be what some psychologists call a “time ___26___” — that is, you tend to underestimate how long things will take. A related issue is procrastination. Getting to places on time means being able to stop what you’re doing and prepare to ___27___. Being a procrastinator might affect your ability to do that in a timely fashion. Another ___28___ reason that could contribute to your problem, at least in some contexts, is ___29___ with particular routes — the walk to your local bus stop, for example, or across campus from your halls of residence to a lecture theatre. A fascinating study by psychologists at the University of California and University College London found that we tend to ___30___ the time it will take us to traverse (横越) highly familiar physical spaces. One final causal factor to consider is whether you are ___31___ to arrive early. Of course, it’s very difficult to plan to arrive anywhere exactly on time, so being punctual usually means being early. You might not even ___32___ it at a conscious level, but perhaps you hate waiting around. If these reasons ___33___ you can begin to address them. One simple, powerful step you can take is to make a firm ___34___ not to just be on time, but to be early. Get into the habit of breaking down, in realistic detail, how long it’ll take to get to where you need to be, then add on a generous buffer — say, 15minutes. (The longer the journey, the longer you should make the buffer. ) If you loathe the idea of ___35___ think about how you’ll spend all this extra waiting time — catch up with text messages, play online chess or get stuck into a language-learning app, for example. 21. A. consequences B. experiences C. associations D. scenarios 22. A. deliberately B. routinely C. preferably D. ritually 23. A. introduced B. accepted C. raised D. trained 24. A. global B. cultural C. environmental D. natural 25. A. outgoing B. diligent C. patient D. tense 26. A. achiever B. professional C. wanderer D. optimist 27. A. abandon B. overturn C. depart D. deposit 28. A. general B. professional C. particular D. mental 29. A. association B. uniformity C. overfamiliarity D. similarity 30. A. assess B. overlook C. underestimate D. overstate 31. A. anxious B. reluctant C. determined D. thrilled 32. A. tackle B. detect C. justify D. neglect 33. A. resonate B. occur C. accumulate D. exist 34. A. appointment B. commitment C. statement D. transition 35. A. catching up B. holding out C. meeting up D. hanging around Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. The time-tested proverb appears to be the lesson from Coca-Cola’s disastrous introduction of “New Coke.” Although Coca-Cola remained the world’s best-selling soft drink, Pepsi-Cola continued to gain market share in the 1970s, thanks in part to its aggressive “Pepsi Challenge” campaign where consumers taking blind taste tests were surprised to learn they preferred the flavor of Pepsi. Company executives grew convinced that its soda’s taste—not its rival’s advertisements targeting the “Pepsi Generation”—was the reason for its declining market share. On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola Company chairman Roberto Goizueta announced to the press that a new formula was to be introduced, which he declared to be “a more harmonious flavor.” The press, however, said New Coke tasted sweeter and more like Pepsi. With it, Coca-Cola discontinued its 99-year classic recipe and locked it away in an Atlanta bank vault with the intention that it never again see the light of day. While Goizueta toasted “his surest move ever made” with New Coke, it left a bitter taste in the mouths of the company’s loyal customers. Within weeks of the announcement, the company was fielding 5, 000 angry phone calls a day. “I don’t think I’d be more upset if you were to burn the flag in our front yard,” one disgruntled drinker wrote to company headquarters. At protests staged by grassroots groups, consumers poured the New Coke into sewer drains. The outrage caught Coca-Cola executives by surprise. They had hardly made a careless decision unsupported by data. After all, they had performed 190, 000 blind taste tests on consumers. The problem, though, is that the company had underestimated loyal drinkers’ emotional attachments to the brand. Never did its testers ask subjects how they would feel if the new formula replaced the old one. Seventy-nine days later, Coca-Cola executives once again held a press conference to announce the retumn of the original formula, which hardly had time to gather dust in the vault, under the label “Coca-Cola Classic.” “Our boss is the consumer,” Goizueta admitted. Coca-Cola Classic quickly outsold New Coke and within a few months had returned to its position as the top-selling cola, ahead of Pepsi. In spite of the blowback, Coca-Cola emerged from the defeat with its market position actually strengthened as consumers rediscovered their attachment to the iconic brand. “The simple fact is that all the time and money and skill heavily poured into consumer research on the new Coca-Cola could not measure the deep emotional attachment to original Coca-Cola felt by so many people,” Goizueta admitted. The mistake was so enormous that some thought it must have been an intentional marketing trick. “Some say that we planned the whole thing,” Goizueta said. “The truth is we’re not that dumb and we’re no that smart.” 36. What eventually led to Coca-Cola Company’s decision to launch “New Coke”? A. The company was on the edge of going financially broke. B. The company lost most of its market share to its strong rival. C. The executives believed the company lost its edge in its product. D. Its rival company performed better in advertising its products. 37. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably means the loyal customers ________. A. found New Coke tasted bitter rather than sweeter as the press declared B. felt cheated as New Coke failed to deliver a more harmonious flavor C. were dissatisfied and annoyed with Coca-Cola Company’s decision D. were rather upset that they weren’t invited to take the blind taste tests 38. What can be learned about Coca-Cola Company? A. The management meant to temporarily shelve the old formula to promote New Coke. B. The management turned a blind eye to the results of the company’s blind taste tests. C. It didn’t take loyal Pepsi drinkers’ emotional attachment to the cola brand seriously. D. It made large investments in developing the new formula to regain its former glory. 39. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage? A. Coca-Cola’s disastrous attempt at rebranding Coke. B. The century-old war between Coca Cola and Pepsi. C. A lesson on how to maintain the customer loyalty. D. A successful marketing trick played by Coca Cola. B Max Flannel is back to grapple with your workplace headaches. Q1: Dear max, I am a 23-year-old social-media marketer who has only recently been required to return to the office. I had been told that the office would be great for having watercooler conversations. My office doesn’t seem to have a watercooler. What should I do? Al: Now you ask, I’m not really even sure what a watercooler is. But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly. Q2: I have just been promoted into a senior role. I have noticed that many of my new peers like to open meetings with small personal anecdotes about something that happened to them that day-a minor cycling accident, say, or a chance encounter with an old acquaintance. It seems to be a way of getting people to relax a bit. The trouble is that nothing interesting ever seems to happen to me. What should I do? A2: I wouldn’t worry too much. Those stories are mostly made-up and all deliberately boring. No executive ever opens a meeting talking about how they woke up in their own clothes but in a total stranger’s apartment. The goal is only to put people at their ease by making the speaker seem faintly human. Just say exactly what you put in your message above and then make your face go a bit vulnerable. That should do the trick. Q3: I can never time my interjections correctly. If I try to judge when a speaker is about to stop talking, I either break in too early and end up apologizing for interrupting, or am a beat too slow and someone else grabs the floor. Do you have any tips? A3:There are only three ways to handle this common problem. One is to start so loudly that everyone immediately gives way. You may come up against a fellow-shouter and then it’s just a battle of nerves: who is going to give way? The second is to raise your hand and wait: you’ll get your turn eventually and be listened to. The third is to get promoted. If you are senior enough, it doesn’t matter how ridiculous a point you are making;everyone gives way. Keep sending me your problems, and enjoy the break! 40. Which of the following will benefit most from the passage? A. An experienced career adviser. B. A graduate who is eager to find a job C. A young manager who has just been promoted. D. A CEO who wants to expand his business abroad. 41. What does the underlined phrase “grab the floor” in Q3 probably mean? A. solve problems voluntarily B. take the initiative to speak first C. keep silence during a conversation D. deliberately interrupt others’ speech 42. Which of the following statements might Max Flannel agree with most? A. It’s harmful for supervisors to look vulnerable in front of others. B. You don’t need a real watercooler to have a watercooler conversation. C. Getting promoted is the best way to avoid being interrupted at corporate meetings. D. It’s advisable to make up some engaging stories about yourself to increase your popularity. C States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.” 43. The Supreme Court decision Thursday will ______. A. better businesses’ relations with states B. put most online businesses in a dilemma C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax D. force some states to cut sales tax 44. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions ______. A. have led to the dominance of e-commerce B. have cost consumers a lot over the years C. were widely criticized by online purchasers D. were considered unfavorable by states 45. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has ______. A. hindered economic development B. brought prosperity to the country C. harmed fair market competition D. boosted growth in states revenue 46. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author ______. A. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences B. describes the long and complicated process of its making C. presents its main points with conflicting views on them D. cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Black Friday: From Financial Crash to Shopping Carnival The first recorded use of the term “Black Friday” was applied not to holiday shopping but to financial crisis: specifically, the crash of the U. S. gold market on September 24, 1869. Two Wall Street financiers worked together to buy up as much as they could of the nation’s gold, hoping to drive the price sky-high and sell it for astonishing profits. ___47___ The most commonly repeated story behind the post-Thanksgiving shopping-related Black Friday tradition links it to retailers. As the story goes, after an entire year of operating at a loss, stores would supposedly earn a profit on the day after Thanksgiving, because holiday shoppers spent so much money on discounted goods. ___48___ Though it’s true that retail companies used to record losses and profits in different colours, this version of Black Friday’s origin is the officially sanctioned story behind the tradition. ___49___ Back in the 1950s, the police in the city of Philadelphia used the term to describe the chaos following the day after Thanksgiving, when a large crowd of suburban shoppers and tourists flooded into the city in advance of the big Army-Navy football game held on that Saturday every year. Shoplifters would also take advantage of the chaos, adding to the police’s headache. By 1961, “Black Friday” had caught on, but retailers tried to find a way to reinterpret Black Friday and turd it into something that reflected positively, rather than negatively. ___50___ Stores across the country decided to interpret the name as taking their account books from red to black, indicating that it was the day they moved out of their debt. The Black Friday story stuck, and pretty soon the term’s darker roots in Philadelphia were largely forgotten. A. The origins of the name “Black Friday” are often disputed, though. B. At that time, loss was marked in the red while earning went into the black. C. The result was the “red to black” concept of the holiday mentioned earlier. D. The true story behind Black Friday, however, is not as sunny as you might have thought. E. On that Friday, the scheme was revealed, financially ruining everyone from Wall Street giants to farmers. F. The term “Black Friday” has existed for a long time, but most people likely only associate it with financial collapses. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Rock Climbing: Conservationists’ New Concern With its first-ever appearance at the Olympics, sport climbing, a once minority sport, is now set to reach new heights. Yet the increasing popularity of rock climbing and its sister sport, bouldering (where climbers scramble up large rocks without the use of ropes or safety belts), is raising questions about the damaging effects of climbing chalk-a common and essential climbing tool. Made from magnesium carbonate (碳酸镁), the chalk has also been used by gymnasts and weightlifters to improve their ability to grip bars and weights (in these sports, though, it’s not called climbing chalk). In fact, it was first introduced to rock climbing in the 1950s by John Gill, who is considered by many to be the father of modern bouldering. Since then, amateur and professional climbers alike have come to depend on the chalk’s water-removing, friction-increasing properties and have been leaving long stripes of the stuff on rock faces around the world. The resulting “chalk graffiti” has become so bad in the United States that parks are beginning to restrict the use of this chalk. Utah’s Arches National Park now only allows the use of colored chalk that matches the color of the area’s rocks, while Colorado’s Garden of the Gods National Natural Landmark has banned all chalk and chalk substitutes. Beyond visual pollution, new research suggests that this chalk could be causing harm to the plants that are found growing on these rocks. The latest study on the environmental effects of climbing chalk has found that the substance is able to negatively impact both the growth and the survival of four moss and fern (蕨类和苔藓) species that inhabit rocks — in laboratory settings, at least. That matters because some climbing spots, such as erratic boulders (the study’s focus), host unique ecosystems. It is not even clear as to whether chalk has any effect at all over one’s climbing performance. Some papers found no additional grip benefits, while others found the opposite. Most climbers tend to believe that it is helpful, says Daniel Hepenstrick, a co-author of the study and a doctoral candidate at ETH Zürich, one of the leading international universities in the natural sciences. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation 52. 延迟退休的新闻一出来就引发了社会热议。（The minute…）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 创新人才的培养，事关民族自立，具有重大的战略意义。（concern）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 不要人云亦云，要深入了解这些社会现象，知其然，知其所以然。（instead）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 由于准备不充分，项目中意外频发，旧的问题还未妥善解决，新问题又接踵而至。（before）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 56. 已经毕业事业有成的学长将回到母校和毕业班同学进行交流，事先征集同学感兴趣的问题。请给他写一封邮件，邮件的内容需包括：1）向学长提两个问题； 2）提这些问题的原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年七宝中学英语开学测试 （满分140） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She felt very relaxed. B. She always travels by air. C. She arrived early in the afternoon. D. She thought the flight was too long. 2. A. When do you usually go to bed? B. How often do you eat take-aways? C. What would you like to have, beef or chicken? D. Are you travelling by car or using public transport? 3. A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 4. A. Because he loves coke. B. Because he is on a diet. C. Because he has to drive. D. Because he doesn’t like wine. 5. A. You should wear training shoes at all time. B. You are not allowed to use all the equipment. C. You have to learn to use all the equipment first. D. You should go there between 7:00 am and 11:30 pm. 6. A. It is not easy to find her new flat. B. She wants to make friends with him. C. If the man gets lost he can call her for help. D. The man has a very poor sense of direction. 7. A. She thinks her sister is very good. B. She thinks her sister spends too much money. C. She is proud since her sister studies in a very famous college. D. She is jealous because their father gives her sister more money. 8 A. 500. B. 98, 542. C. 497. 30. D. 98, 000. 9. A. Wait outside the car. B. Don’t get too close to the car. C. Park the car on the hard shoulder. D. Get out of there before it gets dark. 10. A. He needs to open a new account. B. The field trip is put off until next year. C. He is waiting for some equipment to arrive. D. Someone in his group has got into some trouble. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 12. A. Humor can liven up the classroom atmosphere. B. Humor can help put people at ease and create harmony. C. Humor is highly valued only in English-speaking countries. D. Jokes are so common that doctors and teachers love to tell them. 13. A. After the hour-long session, the woman didn’t make any progress. B. The psychiatrist agreed to move his couch to the other side of the room against the wall. C. Because the woman was so bossy, the roles of psychiatrist and patient were reversed. D. The woman planned to convince the psychiatrist in an hour, but it took only fifty minutes. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. To tell everything you remember about a book, movie, or lecture to your listener. B. To share your newfound knowledge with your friends, classmates or roommates. C. To select the major points or highlights of a book, movie, or lecture and tell these to your listener. D. To keep in mind any clues your teacher has given you to Indicate what he or she considers important. 15. A. Focus on one part and describe it in detail. B. Don’t give away the ending in my summary. C. Make my summary extremely complete as well as accurate. D. Organize my thoughts carefully and make my summary as brief as possible. 16. A. Outline and paraphrase what I’ve seen. B. Describe just one scene in detail and even skip the ending. C. Remember ever /thing of the movie and tell them to my friend. D. Watch carefully for the main points and highlights and take notes. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The new office is too small. B. He hates to unwrap all the boxes. C. He needs a printer right now to print out some charts. D. He doesn’t know how to connect the printer to the network. 18. A. Still wrapped in plastic. B. On Tiffany’s desk. C. To the left of Greg’s desk. D. On the shelf at the ending of the corridor. 19. A. Under the printer. B. On the shelf, under the clock. C. In the box which says “Printing”. D. In the bottom drawer of Ray’s desk. 20. A. The printer is out of paper. B. Some office equipment is still wrapped in plastic. C. Some office equipment isn’t connected to the network yet. D. There’s only power cables and ink cartridges in the “Printing" box II. Grammar (10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Could your dog be prone to a fatal disease? Is your new shelter pup part beagle or boxer? Many pet owners seek answers to these questions, and as a result, direct-to-consumer dog DNA testing is booming. Human ___1___ (interfere) with dog DNA has long been the driving factor behind dogs’ breed diversity -or lack thereof. But a dog’s DNA can also be used to confirm their lineage (血统) or identify their breed, a helpful method for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really ___2___ (have) the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dog’s DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds. But breed identification isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association last month, scientists looked, into the accuracy of breed prediction in commercially available DNA tests that required a photo of the dog ___3___ its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a professor who co-authored the study. "Most tests could accurately distinguish the breed of purebred dogs, " says Greene. But the analysis suggested that some testing companies ___4___ rely on the photo more than the dog’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between companies’ business practices and the genetic datasets ___5___ used to determine dog breeds. The researchers submitted photos and DNA of 12 purebred dogs to ___6___ total of six commercial canine (犬的) ancestry identification services. Since each pup was purebred and possessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwork, the researchers knew their breed conclusively — but in some cases they provided a photo of a different dog to see ___7___ the photo influenced the DNA results. One of the companies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dog — almost entirely hairless —___8___ a long-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based on the photo alone. The other five did identify the registered breed correctly, but often gave different predictions for other “ancestor" breeds in dogs ___9___ DNA suggested mixed breeding in prior generations. The researchers concluded that veterinarians and pet owners alike should "approach direct-to-consumer tests with caution" given the lack of industry standardization and at least one company’s reliance on photographs ___10___ DNA analysis. 【答案】1. interfering 2. has 3. and##with 4. might 5. they 6. a 7. if##whether 8. as 9. whose 10. instead of 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直接面向消费者的狗狗DNA测试正在蓬勃发展，但根据一项研究表明，其可靠性还有待检验。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：长期以来，人类对狗的DNA的干扰一直是狗的品种多样性缺乏与否的驱动因素。分析句子可知，空处由Human修饰作句子的主语，需要动名词形式。故填interfering。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是，狗的DNA也可以用来确认它们的血统或识别它们的品种，这对寻找特定品种健康或行为挑战的宠物主人或那些希望确认他们的狗真的具有育种者或销售者声称的遗传的人来说是一种有帮助的方法。分析句子可知，空处所在句是confirm的省略that的宾语从句，主语是dog，第三人称单数，时态与主句一致为一般现在时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 【3题详解】 考查连词和介词。句意：但品种识别并不像看起来那么简单。在上个月发表在《美国兽医学会杂志》上的一项研究中，科学家们研究了商业DNA测试中品种预测的准确性，这些测试除了需要狗的DNA样本外，还需要狗的照片。由后文“The researchers submitted photos and DNA”可知，需要向检测公司提供狗的照片和DNA样本，应用表并列的连词and或介词with连接。故填and或with。 【4题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：但分析表明，一些检测公司可能更依赖照片而不是狗的实际基因，并揭示了公司的商业实践与他们用来确定狗的品种的基因数据集之间的巨大差异。分析句子可知，此处在阐述分析的结论，结合后文内容，提供的照片可能会影响最后的检测结果，该从句中有使用原形的谓语动词rely on，与主句时态不符，需要情态动词，结合suggested可知应用情态动词might表过去的可能性推测。故填might。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：但分析表明，一些检测公司可能更依赖照片而不是狗的实际基因，并揭示了公司的商业实践与他们用来确定狗的品种的基因数据集之间的巨大差异。分析句子可知，空前句子主干成分完整，空后句子缺少主语和宾语，考虑省略关系代词的定语从句，先行词为datasets，显然在定语从句中作宾语，则主语为检测公司，此处应用人称代词they指代宾语从句的主语some testing companies。故填they。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：研究人员向总共六家商业犬种血统鉴定服务机构提交了12只纯种犬的照片和DNA。空处搭配其后的total构成短语a total of，意为“共，总数为”。故填a。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：由于每只小狗都是纯种犬，并拥有大量的美国养犬俱乐部文件，研究人员最终知道了它们的品种，但在某些情况下，他们提供了一张不同狗的照片，看看这张照片是否影响了DNA结果。分析句子可知，空处及其后句子作空前动词see的宾语，需要宾语从句的引导词，本段在描述研究的过程，这里由不定式表目的与前面的动作衔接，提供照片就是为了看清照片是否会影响结果，需要if或whether表示“是否”。故填if或whether。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：其中一家公司似乎仅基于这张照片，误将一只几乎完全无毛的纯种中国凤头犬识别为长毛布列塔尼犬。此处搭配前面的谓语动词misidentified，符合misidentified A as B的用法，意为“把……误认为……”。故填as。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：其他五家公司确实正确地识别了注册的品种，但对于其他“祖先”品种的狗，它们的DNA表明它们在前几代中是混合繁殖的，预测结果则往往不同。分析句子可知，空处前句主干成分完整，后句主干成分完整，考虑定语从句，结合句意推知空后的DNA与先行词dogs之间是从属关系，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【10题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：研究人员得出结论，鉴于缺乏行业标准化以及至少有一家公司依赖照片而不是DNA分析，兽医和宠物主人都应该“谨慎地进行直面消费者的检测”。此处对应上一段中提到的，一家检测公司似乎仅凭狗的照片做出了品种推测，该句也表达相同含义，应用instead of连接两个宾语，表示“而不是”。故填instead of。 I. Vocabulary (10%) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assess B. conventional C. envy D. flawed E. forecast F. convert G. measures H. translates I. rounded J. exploits K. warnings Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” After Britain voted to leave the European Union, and GDP was already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to ___11___ what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a(n) ___12___ concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the ___13___ of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the ___14___ about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to ___15___ growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth ___16___ into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than merely focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more ___17___ assessment of how countries are performing. Since the 2008 global crash, in key indicators tn areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have witnessed huge improvement across ___18___ including civil society, income equality and environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can take: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been a ___19___ method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying GDP figures could avoid the ___20___ doom and may even see progress. 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. C 14. K 15. F 16. H 17. I 18. G 19. B 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过英国脱欧这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏，GDP 已经不能全面衡量一个国家的进步与发展。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：在英国投票脱离欧盟之后，预计国内生产总值（GDP）将放缓，因此现在是评估他所指的问题的及时时机。根据句意表示“评估”应填动词assess，此处为不定式应填动词原形。故填assess。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多人认为这是一个有缺陷的概念。修饰后文名词concept，结合句意表示“有缺陷的”应用形容词flawed，作定语。故填flawed。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据最近的衡量标准，英国的GDP一直是西方世界羡慕的对象，失业率创历史新低，经济增长率创历史新高。此处作表语，结合句意表示“羡慕”应用名词envy。故填envy。故选C。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果一切都那么顺利，那么为什么1700多万人不顾英国脱欧可能对本国经济前景造成的警告，投票支持英国退欧呢？此处作宾语，结合句意表示“警告”应填复数名词warnings。故填warnings。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：最近一项关于各国及其将增长转化为福利的能力的年度研究为这个问题提供了一些启示。空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意表示“转化”应填动词convert。故选F。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：在衡量的163个国家中，英国在确保经济增长转化为对公民有意义的改善方面是表现最差的国家之一。本句是that引导的宾语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意表示“转化”应填动词translates，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语economic growth为第三人称单数。故填translates。故选H。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了对各国的表现进行更全面的评估，研究人员从健康、教育和公民社会参与等方面衡量了40多个不同的标准，而不仅仅是关注GDP。修饰后文名词，结合句意表示“全面的”应用形容词rounded，作定语。故填rounded。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些相对贫穷的欧洲国家在包括公民社会、收入平等和环境等方面都有巨大的改善。短语across measures表示“横度，横量”。故填measures。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所以肯尼迪所指的是，虽然GDP一直是衡量国家经济活动最常用的方法，但作为一种衡量标准，它已经不够了。修饰后文名词method，结合句意表示“常见的”应填形容词conventional，作定语。故填conventional。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是，如果政策制定者重新把精力集中在改善福祉上，而不是仅仅担心GDP数据，就可以避免预测中的厄运，甚至可能看到进展。修饰后文doom应用forecast，作定语。故填forecast。符合句意。故选E。 III. Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us know someone who is always late-a person who seems to have a chronic blind spot when it comes to timekeeping. It can become a source of jokey banter (无恶意的玩笑) among friends, but in another context it can have serious and stressful ___21___ from being late for work, meetings to missing flights and doctors’ appointments. There could be various reasons why you’re ___22___ late. First, you could just be really relaxed. This might be linked to the way you were ___23___ — perhaps you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping. This might have something to do with your ___24___ heritage, too. For instance, there’s evidence that people in some countries, such as Brazil, tend to be much less ___25___ than those in America, for example. Zooming in on some specific psychological processes, you could be what some psychologists call a “time ___26___” — that is, you tend to underestimate how long things will take. A related issue is procrastination. Getting to places on time means being able to stop what you’re doing and prepare to ___27___. Being a procrastinator might affect your ability to do that in a timely fashion. Another ___28___ reason that could contribute to your problem, at least in some contexts, is ___29___ with particular routes — the walk to your local bus stop, for example, or across campus from your halls of residence to a lecture theatre. A fascinating study by psychologists at the University of California and University College London found that we tend to ___30___ the time it will take us to traverse (横越) highly familiar physical spaces. One final causal factor to consider is whether you are ___31___ to arrive early. Of course, it’s very difficult to plan to arrive anywhere exactly on time, so being punctual usually means being early. You might not even ___32___ it at a conscious level, but perhaps you hate waiting around. If these reasons ___33___ you can begin to address them. One simple, powerful step you can take is to make a firm ___34___ not to just be on time, but to be early. Get into the habit of breaking down, in realistic detail, how long it’ll take to get to where you need to be, then add on a generous buffer — say, 15minutes. (The longer the journey, the longer you should make the buffer. ) If you loathe the idea of ___35___ think about how you’ll spend all this extra waiting time — catch up with text messages, play online chess or get stuck into a language-learning app, for example. 21. A. consequences B. experiences C. associations D. scenarios 22. A. deliberately B. routinely C. preferably D. ritually 23. A. introduced B. accepted C. raised D. trained 24. A. global B. cultural C. environmental D. natural 25. A. outgoing B. diligent C. patient D. tense 26. A. achiever B. professional C. wanderer D. optimist 27. A. abandon B. overturn C. depart D. deposit 28. A. general B. professional C. particular D. mental 29. A. association B. uniformity C. overfamiliarity D. similarity 30. A. assess B. overlook C. underestimate D. overstate 31. A. anxious B. reluctant C. determined D. thrilled 32. A. tackle B. detect C. justify D. neglect 33. A. resonate B. occur C. accumulate D. exist 34. A. appointment B. commitment C. statement D. transition 35. A. catching up B. holding out C. meeting up D. hanging around 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要探讨了人们经常迟到的原因，包括个人性格、文化背景、心理过程、对特定路线的熟悉度以及不愿早到等因素，并给出了一些解决迟到问题的建议。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可以成为朋友之间开玩笑的一个来源，但在另一种情况下，它可能会带来严重和紧张的后果，比如工作会议迟到、错过航班和医生预约。A. consequences结果；B. experiences经历；C. associations关联；D. scenarios情景。根据后文“being late for work, meetings to missing flights and doctors’ appointments”可知，工作迟到，错过航班和医生预约，都是严重的后果。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你经常迟到的原因可能有很多。A. deliberately故意地；B. routinely通常地；C. preferably更可取地；D. ritually惯例地。根据前文“There could be various reasons”可知，应是各种原因导致你经常迟到。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能与你的成长方式有关——也许你继承了父母对守时的宽松态度。A. introduced介绍；B. accepted接受；C. raised抚养；D. trained训练。根据后文“perhaps you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping.”可知，你可能继承了父母对守时的宽松态度，所以是跟你被抚养的方式有关。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能也与你的文化传承有关。A. global全球的；B. cultural文化的；C. environmental环境的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“For instance, there’s evidence that people in some countries, such as Brazil, tend to be much less 　　　5　　 than those in America, for example.”可知，作者用巴西和美国举例，是因为这两个地方的文化不同。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，有证据表明，像巴西这样的一些国家的人们，往往比美国的人们紧张感要少得多。A. outgoing外向的；B. diligent勤奋的；C. patient耐心的；D. tense紧张的。根据前文“First, you could just be really relaxed.”可知，本段主要讲述你可能是时间观念松散的人，而时间观念松散的人是不紧张的。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：放大一些特定的心理过程，你可能是一些心理学家所说的“时间乐观主义者”——也就是说，你倾向于低估事情需要多长时间。A. achiever成功者；B. professional专业人士；C. wanderer漫游者；D. optimist乐观主义者。根据后文“that is, you tend to underestimate how long things will take.”可知，低估事情需要多长时间，也就是总觉得时间很多，所以是“时间乐观主义者”。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：按时到达某地意味着能够停止你正在做的事情，准备出发。A. abandon放弃；B. overturn推翻；C. depart出发；D. deposit存放。根据前文“Getting to places on time means being able to stop what you’re doing”可知，准时到达某地，意味着停止你正在做的事情，准备出发。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能导致你的问题的特殊原因，至少在某些情况下，是对特定路线的过度熟悉——例如，步行到当地的公交车站，或者从宿舍穿过校园到演讲厅。A. general一般的；B. professional专业的；C. particular特别的；D. mental精神的。根据后文“at least in some contexts”可知，是在某些情况下才会有的，所以应是特殊原因。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能导致你的问题的特殊原因，至少在某些情况下，是对特定路线的过度熟悉——例如，步行到当地的公交车站，或者从宿舍到演讲厅穿过校园。A. association关联；B. uniformity一致性；C. overfamiliarity过分熟悉；D. similarity相似性。根据后文“to traverse (横越) highly familiar physical spaces”可知，此处是在讲述对特定路线的过度熟悉。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：加州大学和伦敦大学学院的心理学家进行了一项有趣的研究，发现我们往往低估了穿越高度熟悉的物理空间所需的时间。A. assess评估；B. overlook忽视；C. underestimate低估；D. overstate夸大。根据前文“There could be various reasons why you’re 　　　2　　 late.”可知，此处是在讲述迟到的原因，所以应是低估了穿越高度熟悉的物理空间所需的时间，导致迟到。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一个要考虑的因素是你是否不愿意提前到达。A. anxious焦虑的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. determined坚决的；D. thrilled激动的。根据后文“but perhaps you hate waiting around.”可知，你可能讨厌等待，所以是不愿意提前到达。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能甚至没有意识到它，但也许你讨厌等待。A. tackle处理；B. detect发现，觉察；C. justify证明；D. neglect忽视。根据后文“but perhaps you hate waiting around.”可知，用推测的语气，所以是没有意识到它。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果存在这些原因，你可以开始解决它们。A. resonate共鸣；B. occur发生；C. accumulate积累；D. exist存在。根据后文“you can begin to address them.”可知，应是存在问题，才能开始解决问题。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以采取的一个简单而有力的步骤就是坚定地承诺，不仅要准时，而且要早到。A. appointment预约；B. commitment承诺；C. statement声明；D. transition过渡。根据后文“not to just be on time, but to be early”可知，不仅要准时，而且要早到，应是一种承诺。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你不喜欢闲逛，想想你将如何度过这些额外的等待时间——例如，查看短信、下在线象棋或沉迷于语言学习应用程序。A. catching up赶上；B. holding out维持；C. meeting up会面；D. hanging around闲逛。根据后文“think about how you’ll spend all this extra waiting time — catch up with text messages, play online chess or get stuck into a language-learning app, for example.”可知，此处是在讲述如何度过额外的等待时间，所以“闲逛”符合语境。故选D项 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. The time-tested proverb appears to be the lesson from Coca-Cola’s disastrous introduction of “New Coke.” Although Coca-Cola remained the world’s best-selling soft drink, Pepsi-Cola continued to gain market share in the 1970s, thanks in part to its aggressive “Pepsi Challenge” campaign where consumers taking blind taste tests were surprised to learn they preferred the flavor of Pepsi. Company executives grew convinced that its soda’s taste—not its rival’s advertisements targeting the “Pepsi Generation”—was the reason for its declining market share. On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola Company chairman Roberto Goizueta announced to the press that a new formula was to be introduced, which he declared to be “a more harmonious flavor.” The press, however, said New Coke tasted sweeter and more like Pepsi. With it, Coca-Cola discontinued its 99-year classic recipe and locked it away in an Atlanta bank vault with the intention that it never again see the light of day. While Goizueta toasted “his surest move ever made” with New Coke, it left a bitter taste in the mouths of the company’s loyal customers. Within weeks of the announcement, the company was fielding 5, 000 angry phone calls a day. “I don’t think I’d be more upset if you were to burn the flag in our front yard,” one disgruntled drinker wrote to company headquarters. At protests staged by grassroots groups, consumers poured the New Coke into sewer drains. The outrage caught Coca-Cola executives by surprise. They had hardly made a careless decision unsupported by data. After all, they had performed 190, 000 blind taste tests on consumers. The problem, though, is that the company had underestimated loyal drinkers’ emotional attachments to the brand. Never did its testers ask subjects how they would feel if the new formula replaced the old one. Seventy-nine days later, Coca-Cola executives once again held a press conference to announce the retumn of the original formula, which hardly had time to gather dust in the vault, under the label “Coca-Cola Classic.” “Our boss is the consumer,” Goizueta admitted. Coca-Cola Classic quickly outsold New Coke and within a few months had returned to its position as the top-selling cola, ahead of Pepsi. In spite of the blowback, Coca-Cola emerged from the defeat with its market position actually strengthened as consumers rediscovered their attachment to the iconic brand. “The simple fact is that all the time and money and skill heavily poured into consumer research on the new Coca-Cola could not measure the deep emotional attachment to original Coca-Cola felt by so many people,” Goizueta admitted. The mistake was so enormous that some thought it must have been an intentional marketing trick. “Some say that we planned the whole thing,” Goizueta said. “The truth is we’re not that dumb and we’re no that smart.” 36. What eventually led to Coca-Cola Company’s decision to launch “New Coke”? A. The company was on the edge of going financially broke. B. The company lost most of its market share to its strong rival. C. The executives believed the company lost its edge in its product. D. Its rival company performed better in advertising its products. 37. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably means the loyal customers ________. A. found New Coke tasted bitter rather than sweeter as the press declared B. felt cheated as New Coke failed to deliver a more harmonious flavor C. were dissatisfied and annoyed with Coca-Cola Company’s decision D. were rather upset that they weren’t invited to take the blind taste tests 38. What can be learned about Coca-Cola Company? A. The management meant to temporarily shelve the old formula to promote New Coke. B. The management turned a blind eye to the results of the company’s blind taste tests. C. It didn’t take loyal Pepsi drinkers’ emotional attachment to the cola brand seriously. D. It made large investments in developing the new formula to regain its former glory. 39. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage? A. Coca-Cola’s disastrous attempt at rebranding Coke. B. The century-old war between Coca Cola and Pepsi. C. A lesson on how to maintain the customer loyalty. D. A successful marketing trick played by Coca Cola. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了可口可乐公司推出“新可乐”（New Coke）这一产品变革的整个过程，包括其背景、决策、实施、消费者反应、以及最终的结果和反思。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Company executives grew convinced that its soda’s taste—not its rival’s advertisements targeting the “Pepsi Generation”—was the reason for its declining market share.(可口可乐公司的高管们越来越相信，是自家汽水的味道——而非竞争对手针对“百事一代”的广告宣传——导致了其市场份额的下降)”可知，高管们认为公司的产品已经失去了优势，需要进行改变。因此，公司决定推出新产品“New Coke”，以重新获得市场份额。故选C项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据后文“Within weeks of the announcement, the company was fielding 5, 000 angry phone calls a day. “I don’t think I’d be more upset if you were to burn the flag in our front yard,” one disgruntled drinker wrote to company headquarters. At protests staged by grassroots groups, consumers poured the New Coke into sewer drains.(新可乐推出后几周内，公司每天接到5000个愤怒的电话。“我觉得就算你在我们家前院烧国旗，我也不会比这更生气了，”一位愤怒的消费者在给公司总部的信中写道。在草根团体组织的抗议活动中，消费者们将新可乐倒入下水道)”可知，公司每天接到5000个愤怒的电话，消费者们把新可乐倒进下水道以示抗议。因此可以推断出，忠诚的顾客们对可口可乐公司的决定感到不满和恼怒。故选C项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““The simple fact is that all the time and money and skill heavily poured into consumer research on the new Coca-Cola could not measure the deep emotional attachment to original Coca-Cola felt by so many people,” Goizueta admitted.(Goizueta承认：“一个简单的事实是，投入大量时间、金钱和技术对新可口可乐进行消费者研究，却无法衡量这么多人对原可口可乐的深厚情感依恋。”)”可知，为了重获昔日的辉煌，该公司在研发新配方方面投入了大量资金。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. The time-tested proverb appears to be the lesson from Coca-Cola’s disastrous introduction of “New Coke.”(如果没坏，就不要修。这句久经考验的谚语似乎是从可口可乐灾难性地推出“新可乐”中吸取的教训)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了可口可乐公司尝试重新命名可乐品牌的失败经历，即推出“新可乐”后遭到消费者强烈反对，最终不得不恢复原名。所以本文主要讲述了可口可乐重塑品牌的失败尝试。故选A项。 B Max Flannel is back to grapple with your workplace headaches. Q1: Dear max, I am a 23-year-old social-media marketer who has only recently been required to return to the office. I had been told that the office would be great for having watercooler conversations. My office doesn’t seem to have a watercooler. What should I do? Al: Now you ask, I’m not really even sure what a watercooler is. But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly. Q2: I have just been promoted into a senior role. I have noticed that many of my new peers like to open meetings with small personal anecdotes about something that happened to them that day-a minor cycling accident, say, or a chance encounter with an old acquaintance. It seems to be a way of getting people to relax a bit. The trouble is that nothing interesting ever seems to happen to me. What should I do? A2: I wouldn’t worry too much. Those stories are mostly made-up and all deliberately boring. No executive ever opens a meeting talking about how they woke up in their own clothes but in a total stranger’s apartment. The goal is only to put people at their ease by making the speaker seem faintly human. Just say exactly what you put in your message above and then make your face go a bit vulnerable. That should do the trick. Q3: I can never time my interjections correctly. If I try to judge when a speaker is about to stop talking, I either break in too early and end up apologizing for interrupting, or am a beat too slow and someone else grabs the floor. Do you have any tips? A3:There are only three ways to handle this common problem. One is to start so loudly that everyone immediately gives way. You may come up against a fellow-shouter and then it’s just a battle of nerves: who is going to give way? The second is to raise your hand and wait: you’ll get your turn eventually and be listened to. The third is to get promoted. If you are senior enough, it doesn’t matter how ridiculous a point you are making;everyone gives way. Keep sending me your problems, and enjoy the break! 40. Which of the following will benefit most from the passage? A. An experienced career adviser. B. A graduate who is eager to find a job C. A young manager who has just been promoted. D. A CEO who wants to expand his business abroad. 41. What does the underlined phrase “grab the floor” in Q3 probably mean? A. solve problems voluntarily B. take the initiative to speak first C. keep silence during a conversation D. deliberately interrupt others’ speech 42. Which of the following statements might Max Flannel agree with most? A. It’s harmful for supervisors to look vulnerable in front of others. B. You don’t need a real watercooler to have a watercooler conversation. C. Getting promoted is the best way to avoid being interrupted at corporate meetings. D. It’s advisable to make up some engaging stories about yourself to increase your popularity. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一系列关于职场问题的提问和相应的回答。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Max Flannel is back to grapple with your workplace headaches.(Max Flannel回来了，为你解决工作场所的头痛问题)”可知，本文主要解决工作场所的头痛问题，再根据Q1“Dear max, I am a 23-year-old social-media marketer who has only recently been required to return to the office.(亲爱的max，我是一名23岁的社交媒体营销人员，最近才被要求回到办公室)”是一个刚回办公室的销售人员，Q2“I have just been promoted into a senior role.(我刚刚被提升到一个高级职位)”是一位刚晋升的经理，以及Q3“I can never time my interjections correctly.(我总是无法准确地把握插话的时机)”是一位无法准确地把握插话的时机的人，结合选项可知，应是C项“A young manager who has just been promoted.(刚被提升的年轻经理)”将从这篇文章中受益最大，因为有和他有同样经历的人的问题。故选C项。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“I can never time my interjections correctly. If I try to judge when a speaker is about to stop talking, I either break in too early and end up apologizing for interrupting, or am a beat too slow(我总是无法准确地把握插话的时机。如果我试图判断说话者何时会停止讲话，要么我会太早插话，结果不得不为打断别人而道歉，要么就慢了一拍)”可知，这个人无法准确地把握插话的时机，要么太早插话，要么就慢了一拍，推知后文应是慢了一拍，被别人抢先提问，所以grabs the floor应是“抢先发言”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据A1中“Now you ask, I’m not really even sure what a watercooler is. But the basic idea is to find a place where you know colleagues are bound to go regularly and where you can engage in light conversation about whether they saw anything good on TV last night. My advice is to hang around any tap and you should meet colleagues fairly regularly.(现在你问起，我甚至不太确定饮水机是什么。但基本思路是找到一个你知道同事们肯定会经常去的地方，并且你可以和他们进行轻松的对话，比如聊聊昨晚电视上有没有什么好看的节目。我的建议是在任何水龙头附近逛逛，你应该会相当频繁地遇到同事)”可知，Max Flannel认为，即使没有真正的饮水机，也可以在水龙头旁边进行“饮水机旁交谈”，因此他同意选项B的说法，即你不需要一个真正的饮水机来进行饮水机旁交谈。故选B项。 C States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.” 43. The Supreme Court decision Thursday will ______. A. better businesses’ relations with states B. put most online businesses in a dilemma C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax D. force some states to cut sales tax 44. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions ______. A. have led to the dominance of e-commerce B. have cost consumers a lot over the years C. were widely criticized by online purchasers D. were considered unfavorable by states 45. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has ______. A. hindered economic development B. brought prosperity to the country C. harmed fair market competition D. boosted growth in states revenue 46. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author ______. A. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences B. describes the long and complicated process of its making C. presents its main points with conflicting views on them D. cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国最高法院一项允许各州对更多在线购物收取销售税的决定，分析了其背景、影响以及各方反应。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.(根据最高法院周四的一项裁决，各州将能够强制更多的人在网上购物时缴纳销售税，这将使购物者的钱包更轻，但对各州来说是一个巨大的财政胜利)”可知，最高法院周四的裁决将使更多网购者支付销售税。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually.(最高法院星期四的意见推翻了两项已有数十年历史的裁决，各州表示，这两项裁决每年造成数十亿美元的收入损失)”以及第三段的“The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.(法院推翻的案件称，如果一家企业将客户的购买品运往一个没有实体存在的州，如仓库或办公室，则该企业不必为该州征收销售税。如果没有向客户收取销售税，他们通常有责任自己向州政府支付，但大多数客户没有意识到他们欠了这笔税，很少有人支付)”可知，被推翻的决定导致州政府每年损失数十亿美元的收入，由此可推知，推翻的案件被认为是不利于州政府的。故选D。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited States’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”(肯尼迪写道，该规则“限制了各国寻求长期繁荣的能力，并阻止了市场参与者在公平的竞争环境中竞争。”)”可知，肯尼迪认为实体存在规则限制了州寻求长期繁荣的能力，并阻碍了市场参与者在公平竞争环境中的竞争，即妨碍了经济发展。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章首先陈述了最高法院的这一裁决及其对消费者和州政府的影响（即更多网购需缴纳销售税，州政府收入增加），然后在后续段落中讨论了该裁决对不同商家群体（如大型连锁店、纯在线零售商、小型企业）的可能影响，由此可推知，在处理最高法院星期四的裁决时，作者对其进行了真实的描述并讨论了其后果。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Black Friday: From Financial Crash to Shopping Carnival The first recorded use of the term “Black Friday” was applied not to holiday shopping but to financial crisis: specifically, the crash of the U. S. gold market on September 24, 1869. Two Wall Street financiers worked together to buy up as much as they could of the nation’s gold, hoping to drive the price sky-high and sell it for astonishing profits. ___47___ The most commonly repeated story behind the post-Thanksgiving shopping-related Black Friday tradition links it to retailers. As the story goes, after an entire year of operating at a loss, stores would supposedly earn a profit on the day after Thanksgiving, because holiday shoppers spent so much money on discounted goods. ___48___ Though it’s true that retail companies used to record losses and profits in different colours, this version of Black Friday’s origin is the officially sanctioned story behind the tradition. ___49___ Back in the 1950s, the police in the city of Philadelphia used the term to describe the chaos following the day after Thanksgiving, when a large crowd of suburban shoppers and tourists flooded into the city in advance of the big Army-Navy football game held on that Saturday every year. Shoplifters would also take advantage of the chaos, adding to the police’s headache. By 1961, “Black Friday” had caught on, but retailers tried to find a way to reinterpret Black Friday and turd it into something that reflected positively, rather than negatively. ___50___ Stores across the country decided to interpret the name as taking their account books from red to black, indicating that it was the day they moved out of their debt. The Black Friday story stuck, and pretty soon the term’s darker roots in Philadelphia were largely forgotten. A. The origins of the name “Black Friday” are often disputed, though. B. At that time, loss was marked in the red while earning went into the black. C. The result was the “red to black” concept of the holiday mentioned earlier. D. The true story behind Black Friday, however, is not as sunny as you might have thought. E. On that Friday, the scheme was revealed, financially ruining everyone from Wall Street giants to farmers. F. The term “Black Friday” has existed for a long time, but most people likely only associate it with financial collapses. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. D 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了“黑色星期五”背后的故事。 【47题详解】 根据上句“The first recorded use of the term “Black Friday” was applied not to holiday shopping but to financial crisis: specifically, the crash of the U. S. gold market on September 24, 1869. Two Wall Street financiers worked together to buy up as much as they could of the nation’s gold, hoping to drive the price sky-high and sell it for astonishing profits. (有记录以来，“黑色星期五”一词的首次使用不是指假日购物，而是指金融危机：具体来说，是1869年9月24日美国黄金市场的崩盘。两位华尔街金融家合作，尽可能多地购买该国的黄金，希望将价格推高，并以惊人的利润出售。)”可知，设空处承接上句，说明这样做的结果，且此结果与金融危机相关，E项：On that Friday, the scheme was revealed, financially ruining everyone from Wall Street giants to farmers.(在那个星期五，这个计划被揭露，从华尔街巨头到农民，每个人都在经济上破产了。)合乎题意。故选E。 【48题详解】 根据后句“Though it’s true that retail companies used to record losses and profits in different colours, this version of Black Friday’s origin is the officially sanctioned story behind the tradition. (虽然零售公司过去确实用不同的颜色记录亏损和利润，但这个版本的黑色星期五起源是官方认可的传统背后的故事。)”可知，设空处为零售公司过去确实用不同的颜色记录亏损和利润，B项：At that time, loss was marked in the red while earning went into the black.(那时，亏损标记为红色，而盈利标记为黑色)合乎题意。故选B。 【49题详解】 根据后文“Back in the 1950s, the police in the city of Philadelphia used the term to describe the chaos following the day after Thanksgiving, when a large crowd of suburban shoppers and tourists flooded into the city in advance of the big Army-Navy football game held on that Saturday every year. Shoplifters would also take advantage of the chaos, adding to the police’s headache. (早在20世纪50年代，费城警方就用这个词来形容感恩节后第二天的混乱局面，当时大批郊区购物者和游客涌入城市，准备参加每年那个周六举行的大型陆军-海军橄榄球赛。商店扒手也会利用这种混乱，让警察更加头疼。)”可知，设空处引出“黑色星期五”的历史故事，D项：The true story behind Black Friday, however, is not as sunny as you might have thought.(然而，黑色星期五背后的真实故事并不像你想象的那么美好)介绍“黑色星期五”的起源。故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上句“By 1961, “Black Friday” had caught on, but retailers tried to find a way to reinterpret Black Friday and turd it into something that reflected positively, rather than negatively. (到1961年，“黑色星期五”开始流行起来，但零售商们试图找到一种方式来重新诠释黑色星期五，把它变成积极的东西，而不是消极的东西)”以及后文“Stores across the country decided to interpret the name as taking their account books from red to black, indicating that it was the day they moved out of their debt. (全国各地的商店决定把这个名字解释为把他们的账簿从红色变成黑色，表明这是他们还清债务的日子。)”可知， C项：The result was the “red to black” concept of the holiday mentioned earlier.(其结果就是之前提到的“从红到黑”的节日概念)承接上句，用一种新的方式诠释“黑色星期五”。故选C。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Rock Climbing: Conservationists’ New Concern With its first-ever appearance at the Olympics, sport climbing, a once minority sport, is now set to reach new heights. Yet the increasing popularity of rock climbing and its sister sport, bouldering (where climbers scramble up large rocks without the use of ropes or safety belts), is raising questions about the damaging effects of climbing chalk-a common and essential climbing tool. Made from magnesium carbonate (碳酸镁), the chalk has also been used by gymnasts and weightlifters to improve their ability to grip bars and weights (in these sports, though, it’s not called climbing chalk). In fact, it was first introduced to rock climbing in the 1950s by John Gill, who is considered by many to be the father of modern bouldering. Since then, amateur and professional climbers alike have come to depend on the chalk’s water-removing, friction-increasing properties and have been leaving long stripes of the stuff on rock faces around the world. The resulting “chalk graffiti” has become so bad in the United States that parks are beginning to restrict the use of this chalk. Utah’s Arches National Park now only allows the use of colored chalk that matches the color of the area’s rocks, while Colorado’s Garden of the Gods National Natural Landmark has banned all chalk and chalk substitutes. Beyond visual pollution, new research suggests that this chalk could be causing harm to the plants that are found growing on these rocks. The latest study on the environmental effects of climbing chalk has found that the substance is able to negatively impact both the growth and the survival of four moss and fern (蕨类和苔藓) species that inhabit rocks — in laboratory settings, at least. That matters because some climbing spots, such as erratic boulders (the study’s focus), host unique ecosystems. It is not even clear as to whether chalk has any effect at all over one’s climbing performance. Some papers found no additional grip benefits, while others found the opposite. Most climbers tend to believe that it is helpful, says Daniel Hepenstrick, a co-author of the study and a doctoral candidate at ETH Zürich, one of the leading international universities in the natural sciences. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The popularity of rock climbing has caused some environmental problems because of its essential climbing tool — climbing chalk. Besides the visual pollution by “chalk graffiti”, the ecosystem unique to rock-dwelling species has been damaged, so many nature reserves set some restrictions on chalk. However, climbers hold different attitudes towards the effect of climbing chalk on their performance. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，攀岩的流行造成了一些环境问题，重要的攀岩工具——攀岩粉笔（镁粉），除了造成视觉的污染外，岩石物种特有的生态系统也受到了破坏，因此许多自然保护区对它进行了一些限制，至于这种粉笔是否对登山有益还不清楚，然而，一些登山者认为它是有用的。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Yet the increasing popularity of rock climbing and its sister sport, bouldering (where climbers scramble up large rocks without the use of ropes or safety belts), is raising questions about the damaging effects of climbing chalk — a common and essential climbing tool. ②The resulting “chalk graffiti” has become so bad in the United States that parks are beginning to restrict the use of this chalk.  ③Beyond visual pollution, new research suggests that this chalk could be causing harm to the plants that are found growing on these rocks. ④That matters because some climbing spots, such as erratic boulders (the study’s focus), host unique ecosystems. ⑤It is not even clear as to whether chalk has any effect at all over one’s climbing performance. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、5两个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 The popularity of rock climbing has caused some environmental problems because of its essential climbing tool — climbing chalk. Besides the visual pollution by “chalk graffiti”, the ecosystem unique to rock-dwelling species has been damaged, so many nature reserves set some restrictions on chalk. However, climbers hold different attitudes towards the effect of climbing chalk on their performance. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The popularity of rock climbing has caused some environmental problems because of its essential climbing tool — climbing chalk. (运用了现在完成时表明攀岩粉笔（镁粉）对环境产生的不利影响) [高分句型2] Besides the visual pollution by “chalk graffiti”, the ecosystem unique to rock-dwelling species has been damaged, so many nature reserves set some restrictions on chalk. (运用了besides构成的介词短语作状语，so连接并列句) V. Translation 52. 延迟退休的新闻一出来就引发了社会热议。（The minute…）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The minute the news about delayed retirement came out, it aroused a heated discussion in society. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和时间状语从句。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。The minute意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。“延迟退休的新闻”译为“the news about delayed retirement”在从句中作主语；“came out”意为“出来”，在从句中作谓语；“引发”作主句谓语，用动词arouse，“a heated discussion”意为“热议”，作主句宾语，主句主语为前句提到的事，可用it代替。故译为: The minute the news about delayed retirement came out, it aroused a heated discussion in society. 53. 创新人才的培养，事关民族自立，具有重大的战略意义。（concern）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The cultivation of innovative talents is concerned with the independence of our nation, which has significant strategic meaning. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“创新人才的培养”译为“the cultivation of innovative talents”，在句中作主语。“事关”用短语be concerned with；“民族自立”译为“the independence of our nation”，在句中作宾语。“具有重大的战略意义”用非限制性定语从句表达，先行词是主句内容讲的事情，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“重大的战略意义”译为“significant strategic meaning”。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故译为：The cultivation of innovative talents is concerned with the independence of our nation, which has significant strategic meaning. 54. 不要人云亦云，要深入了解这些社会现象，知其然，知其所以然。（instead）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Instead of just following what others say, you should gain a deep understanding of these social phenomena, knowing what it is and why it is. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、宾语从句和固定表达。“不要人云亦云”，根据题干要求需用instead，instead of (而不是)，follow (听从)，后接连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作say的宾语，“不要人云亦云”译为“instead of just following what others say”；“深入了解”可译为“gain a deep understanding of”，“这些社会现象”可用名词短语，译为“these social phenomena”；非谓语动词know和逻辑主语you是主动关系，know用现在分词形式作状语，后接连接代词what和连接副词why引导的宾语从句，what和why在从句中作表语，“知其然，知其所以然”译为“knowing what it is and why it is”。本句描述的是建议，因此适用一般现在时。故译为：Instead of just following what others say, you should gain a deep understanding of these social phenomena, knowing what it is and why it is. 55. 由于准备不充分，项目中意外频发，旧的问题还未妥善解决，新问题又接踵而至。（before）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Due to inadequate preparation, unexpected incidents occurred frequently in the project. Before the old problems were properly solved, new ones arose one after another. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语，时态和状语从句。“由于准备不充分”可用短语due to作状语，译为“due to inadequate preparation”，“项目中意外频发”中，“意外”作主语，译为“unexpected incidents”，“频发”可用动词occur并用frequently修饰，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“旧的问题还未妥善解决”另一起一句，根据题干要求，可用before引导的时间状语从句，“旧的问题”作主语，译为“the old problems”，“解决”作谓语，用动词solve，和主语是被动关系，用被动语态，“新问题又接踵而至”为主句，“新问题”作主语，译为“new ones”，“接踵而至”为固定搭配，用一般过去时，译为“arose one after another”。故译为：Due to inadequate preparation, unexpected incidents occurred frequently in the project. Before the old problems were properly solved, new ones arose one after another. VI. Guided Writing 56. 已经毕业事业有成的学长将回到母校和毕业班同学进行交流，事先征集同学感兴趣的问题。请给他写一封邮件，邮件的内容需包括：1）向学长提两个问题； 2）提这些问题的原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Alumnus,   I hope this email finds you well. We are excited about your upcoming visit to our school. As one of the graduating students, I have a couple of questions I hope you could address during your talk.   Firstly, how did you overcome the biggest challenge you faced after graduation? Many of us are anxious about transitioning from school to the workplace and could use some practical advice on tackling the obstacles ahead.   Secondly, what skills do you think are essential for succeeding in your field? Understanding this can help us better prepare ourselves and focus on developing these skills before we enter the workforce.   Thank you for considering my questions. We all look forward to learning from your experiences.   Best regards,   LiHua 【解析】 【导语】本篇是开放性写作。要求考生给毕业事业有成的学长写一封邮件，向校友提两个问题，并解释提问原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 过渡：transition→shift 克服：overcome→surmount 准备：prepare→gear up 应对：tackle→handle 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Many of us are anxious about transitioning from school to the workplace and could use some practical advice on tackling the obstacles ahead. 拓展句：Many of us are anxious about the transition from school to the workplace, which is why we could use some practical advice on how to tackle the obstacles that lie ahead. 【点睛】[高分句型1]As one of the graduating students, I have a couple of questions I hope you could address during your talk.(省略that的定语从句) [高分句型2]Understanding this can help us better prepare ourselves and focus on developing these skills before we enter the workforce.(before引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $