精品解析：上海市曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

上海市曹杨二中2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. I’m truly sorry, everyone, but we don’t have nearly enough teaching materials ________. To be honest, I really ________ that so many people would sign up for and actually attend this lecture today. A. going around, don’t expect B. to go around, haven’t expected C. going around, hadn’t expected D. to go around, didn’t expect 2. By the time the canal ________ in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project ________ the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world. A. has opened, had cost B. opened, had cost C. had opened, cost D. had been opened, cost 3. We are going to move to a spacious new building located in the city center next week, next to ______ a popular nice restaurant ________ we can have all kinds of Chinese food from Sichuan hot pot to Cantonese dim sum. A. where is, which B. it is, which C. which is, where D. that is, where 4. Such tourists ________ have paid a visit to Shanghai and experienced its unique charm all think that a trip to this international metropolis cannot be truly complete without taking a leisurely stroll along the historic Bund. A who B. that C. whoever D. as 5. ________ he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ________ other better-informed experiments failed. A. While, where B. Although, in which C. Since the place where D. As, that 6. ________ human communities have spread and thrived in different regions of the world, they have historically hunted down and killed wolves, most often to protect their own vulnerable farm animals. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever 7. Although first ________ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Charles Dickens have remained popular around the world, ________ a lasting legacy of vivid characters, social criticism, and heartfelt storytelling. A. publishing, left B. being published, having left C. published, leaving D. was published, left 8. In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier produced nearly sixty books, some fifty of them ________ original novels and collections of stories. A. have been B. were C. being D. to have been 9. Public concerns ________ such chemicals and additives, though used to keep fruits fresh, can in fact cause cancer have recently been confirmed by a series of rigorous experiments. A. what B. that C. if D. how 10. All the soldiers paid obeisance and all the people around applauded warmly as the heroes turned up at the platform for ________ they demonstrated in the anti-terrorist fight. A. that B. how C. what D. which Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. Gen Z’s Growing Fascination with Retro Technology Generation Z, those in their teens and early twenties, are showing a growing interest in retro technology — a trend that has taken the consumer market by surprise. Unlike previous generations who chased ____11____ (late) gadgets, today’s young people are digging out vinyl records (黑胶唱片), loading film into traditional cameras, and dusting off vintage gaming consoles. This shift, ____12____ (spring) from a deep desire for authenticity and a deliberate break from the digital overload of modern devices, has reshaped young people’s consumption preferences. The appeal lies in the tangible, unhurried experience ____13____ every step feels intentional and meaningful. Vinyl records, for instance, are about the hands-on ceremonial process ____14____ just music: flipping through album covers, carefully placing the needle, and savoring the warm, analog sound that digital streams can’t replicate. Similarly, ____15____ instant cameras offer is a joy that modern smartphones are lacking in: waiting for a photo to develop, holding a physical print, and sharing it ____16____ the pressure of filters or likes. Even old gaming consoles like the Nintendo 64 or Sega Genesis attract Gen Z, who appreciate their simple, straightforward gameplay free from microtransactions and online toxicity. Retailers have quickly adapted to this trend, with many launching dedicated retro tech sections. Sales of portable turntables, polaroid-style instant cameras, and even classic alarm clocks (no phone required) ____17____ (surge) in recent years. Online marketplaces like Etsy and eBay report record numbers of young buyers searching for “vintage tech”, while mainstream brands have released modern iterations of retro favorites ____18____ (cater) to the demand. Opinions on the trend vary: some dismiss it as a fleeting aesthetic phase, tied to social media’s love for nostalgic visuals. ____19____, however, see it as a meaningful rebellion against digital fatigue. For Gen Z, retro tech isn’t just about the past-it’s about reclaiming control over their tech use. _____20_____ motivated by nostalgia (for a time they didn’t live through), a love for tactile experiences, or a genuine preference for simpler design, this trend reveals Gen Z’s unique, thoughtful relationship with technology. Section C (A) Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. encounter B. withdrawal C. compatible D. sympathetic E. compromise F. exposure G. hit it off H. stick up for I. have a row with J. get the ball rolling K. show me the ropes 21. When I first stepped into the school as a nervous new teacher, the kind and experienced Mrs. Miller immediately took me under her wings and was more than happy to __________ in terms of the rules and regulations of the school. 22. The classic traditional teaching method, valued for its ability to foster close teacher-student relationships and targeted guidance, is perfectly __________ with innovative modern online courses that offer personalized learning paths and global knowledge sharing opportunities. 23. In the vibrant and ambitious world of Zootopia, young Judy Hopps, had to __________ herself resolutely when her insensitive classmates laughed at her for wanting to be the first rabbit police officer in history. 24. As a highlight of the annual Liangzhu Culture and Art Festival, the world “Poetry, Dance, Music and Painting” Art Gala brought an unforgettable cross-cultural __________ between artists from nearly 20 countries, who shared their ideas and co-created works blending Eastern and Western aesthetics. 25. When pressed for the key to her long life, the elderly lady on the verge of her 105th birthday smiled and revealed that she would never __________ a fool -not now, not ever. 26. After receiving hundreds of complaints about battery malfunctions, the company’s timely __________ of the faulty electronic devices from the market received widespread positive feedback from consumers, many of whom later expressed their willingness to continue purchasing products from the brand. 27. At the awards ceremony of the 1st Global Chinese Children’s Storytelling Competition held in Sydney, Chinese and Australian kids __________ because of their shared interest in the Chinese language, with frequent interactions and endless laughter on site. 28. Choosing a neutral venue for the team building event was a perfect __________ that satisfied both colleagues who preferred indoor activities and those who loved outdoor sports. 29. As the winter vacation was approaching and the school was preparing for its annual “Kindness Month” campaign, the class teacher asked her monitor to __________ on their class charity event by collecting their creative suggestions. 30. Most of the committee members, who had reviewed numerous public welfare applications over the years, were __________ to the proposal of building an accessible community library that would provide a cozy reading space and free cultural activities for local residents. (B) Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. values B. demonstrate C. visionary D. transcend E. establishing F. strive G. worthiest H. lays I. explaining J. tailormade K. address On behalf of the Nobel Foundation, it is my great honour and pleasure to warmly welcome you all to the 2025 Nobel Prize award ceremony. In particular, I wish to welcome the Nobel Prize laureates, their families and friends. As we gather here in Stockholm for the festivities to celebrate this year’s laureates, it is against a dark backdrop in the world at large. With its rapid, unpredictable, paradoxical and tangled developments, it may seem hard to inspire trust and confidence in the future. In this world, Alfred Nobel’s ____31____ legacy is a forceful reminder of the transformative powers of science, literature and peace. Science is a lingua franca (通用语) for humankind in exploring and expanding the frontiers of human knowledge. It is international in nature, and it creates a scientific community across borders, ____32____ that extend beyond the limits of science itself. This is particularly important to emphasise in times of division, polarization and conflict. The prizes honour Nobel’s principle that “no consideration be given to nationality but that the prize be awarded to the ____33____ person.” This year, the physics prize is awarded for experimentally ____34____ macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling (宏观量子力学隧穿效应) in superconducting systems, leading towards technology for quantum computers; the chemistry prize for the development of stable, extremely porous materials, materials that can be ____35____ to capture carbon dioxide, store hydrogen or deliver pharmaceuticals in the body; and the prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery of a crucial complementary mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking healthy organs, thus raising hopes for treatments of autoimmune diseases and new cancer therapies. They all ____36____ how fundamental research, awarded for the greatest benefit of humankind, can also lead to groundbreaking applications. And the prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, for analyzing and modelling conditions for sustained growth, ____37____ bare the importance of a scientific understanding of technological breakthroughs and how inventions lead to old companies losing out to new ones; that is, the role of creative destruction. Last, but definitely not least, the prize in literature is awarded to an authorship where melancholy and apocalypse seem to dominate the picture, but where the force of art and creation, unfathomable as it is, may still ____38____ the dark and violent powers. As the world is at its darkest here in the Northern hemisphere, the Nobel lights illuminate not only the city, but also the world. Through knowledge, integrity and excellence, through creativity and inspiration, the laureates offer hope. They remind us that it is possible, through different paths, to ____39____ and come to terms with the many global challenges we face today. But their work also reminds us of our responsibility and the possibilities that lie within our reach. We must not just be passive spectators, but active contributors in defending the freedom of science and literature and the _____40_____ for peace to transform the world into a better place for humankind. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There are few things that impact your daily productivity as much as your routines. According to research, up to 40 per cent of our daily actions are ____41____ by habits. Yet our routines are not the only thing we need for a productive life. Most of us spend our days ____42____ between tasks. It is our rituals that help us smoothly move through the day. So how do routines and rituals fit into the modern workday? Let’s start with our routines. In its most basic form, a routine is a series of ____43____ followed actions. You can have a morning routine to start your day off right, or an evening routine that helps you disconnect from work. We all have routines, but not everyone ____44____ crafts them to maximize their time. That’s why many people are interested in the routines of successful entrepreneurs, in the belief that developing the same habits will bring the same ____45____. Correlation is not causation, however. Just because Apple’s CEO Tim Cook wakes up at 3:45 a. m. every morning does not mean this is the ____46____ for his success. Instead, the most successful daily routine is the one that ____47____ for you. This means understanding your body’s natural ebb and flow (起伏) of energy, planning meaningful work when you are best suited for it, as well as ____48____ your time and attention from interruptions and distractions. What’s important is not the exact nature of your routine, but that you have one and stick to it. Routines keep us grounded, but they do not always do much to help us get through the day. This is due to what is called “attention residue (注意力残留)”. While you might quickly switch from Task A to Task B, your attention remains stuck ____49____ the previous task. This is where rituals come in. These symbolic actions signify a moment of ____50____ of which we should take note. There are key moments during the workday where rituals can help guide you and ____51____ attention residue. You could go for a quick walk or grab a cup of coffee. The action itself does not matter as much as what it ____52____ to you — that you are finished with one part of your day and ready to move on to the next one. Rituals can often seem ____53____ to people on the outside. Think of the relationship between athletes and superstition (迷信). It is hard to believe that anyone really thinks growing a beard during playoffs (季后赛) will help them win, but they do it anyway. As professors at Harvard Business School wrote, “Despite the ____54____ of a direct connection between the ritual and the desired outcome, performing rituals with the intention of producing a certain result appears to be sufficient for that result to come true. ” Days have a funny way of slipping past without us even realizing it. Routines help us feel in ____55____ of our time, while rituals make sure that we stick to our plans. Sometimes it is the simplest actions that can help us get through the day and stay motivated. 41. A. concealed B. powered C. relieved D. substituted 42. A. bouncing B. hesitating C. relaxing D. suspending 43. A. completely B. randomly C. regularly D. strictly 44. A. accidentally B. consciously C. occasionally D. relatively 45. A. mistakes B. results C. symptoms D. ventures 46. A. aim B. excuse C. reason D. strategy 47. A. applies B. prepares C. strives D. works 48. A. concentrating B. discouraging C. learning D. protecting 49. A. looking for B. making up C. putting off D. thinking about 50. A. importance B. joy C. panic D. silence 51. A. intensify B. produce C. reduce D. resolve 52 A. guarantees B. happens C. resembles D. symbolizes 53. A. appealing B. compulsory C. strange D. suffering 54. A. absence B. belief C. evidence D. shortage 55. A. control B. favour C. honour D. need Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 56. What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. Confident and open. B. Careful and secretive. C. Quick and careless. D. Bold and enthusiastic. 57. What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A. He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B. He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C. He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D. He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 58. What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A. Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B. Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C. Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D. Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 59. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A. To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B. To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C. To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D. To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. (B) • What are geysers? Geysers are types of hot springs which periodically shoot a column of steaming water high into the air. They occur in areas of volcanic activity where hot lava is found close to the Earth’s surface. The name comes from the Icelandic verb geysa, to gush. • How do geysers work? Geysers only form under very specific conditions. There must be ample groundwater; an underground heat source; and a ‘plumbing system’ made up of reservoirs and vertical passages or ‘pipes’ through which heated water travels on its way to the Earth’s surface. Cool water on the Earth’s surface trickles down through porous (多孔渗水的) rock. As it approaches the heat source (hot rocks or a magma chamber) it is heated to extremely high temperatures and starts to rise through a ‘pipe’. The water would usually turn to steam but its depth, plus the weight of cooler water above it, creates what is called a confining pressure that prevents the superheated water from boiling and turning to steam. As the water rises this pressure lessens and steam finally forms and is trapped in' the reservoir. Over time the pressure in the reservoir continues to build until the steam forces the water upwards through the passage to the surface of the Earth, where it erupts through a vent in a spectacular column of steaming water. • Where are geysers found? Geysers are rare, with only around 1,000 active worldwide. They occur in the United States (US), Russia, Chile, New Zealand and Iceland. Some erupt almost predictably in cycles of minutes, hours or days, and some have years between eruptions. The tallest active geyser in the world is Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park (US) which can shoot water more than 90 metres into the air. Unfortunately, it has only done so five times from 2003 to 2013. 60. The diagram helps to ________. A. give more detailed explanations of the terms in the text B. provide additional information through a graphic C. illustrate why geysers are unpredictable D. show the information in the text in a graphic form 61. What is the correct order of events as they occur in the formation of a geyser eruption? ①magma heats water ②steam pressure lifts water ③water collects in a reservoir ④groundwater penetrates rock ⑤water rises in a pipe A. ④①③⑤② B. ⑤④③①② C. ①⑤③④② D. ④①⑤③② 62. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A science fiction. B. A research plan. C. An encyclopedia. D. A travel journal. (C) In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an unclear and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience. Opportunities for misinterpretation are everywhere. Consequently discovery claims should be thought of as early forms of science and are full of potential. But it takes collective inspection and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and battle between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. Two problems exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of current knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies repetition and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or contradiction by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim — a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.” 63. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its ________. A. uncertainty and complexity B. misconception and falsehood C. logicality and objectivity D. systematicness and regularity 64. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires ________. A. strict inspection B. shared efforts C. individual wisdom D. persistent innovation 65. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that ________. A. scientific claims will survive challenges B. discoveries today inspire future research C. efforts to make discoveries are justified D. scientific work calls for a critical mind 66. Which of the following would be the best title of the test? A. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Discovery B. Collective Inspection in Scientific Discovery C. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science D. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science (D) Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition is exerting in academics and many other areas of contemporary life. Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an inevitable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents. Thereafter, we are at the mercy of a battle between our base impulses for self-fulfillment and social and cultural norms which prohibit pure indulgence. Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested,however,that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be incorrect. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world,” that is, the world before the imposition of the will of humanity, as being “nasty, brutish, and short.” This image of the pre-rational world is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine of natural selection. This doctrine, which takes for granted that those species best able to adapt to and master the natural environment in which they live will survive, has suggested that the struggle for survival is an inherent human trait which determines a person’s success. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest” — a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest.” Darwin asserted in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and could easily include dependence and cooperation. Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition as opposed to other values, such as cooperation — by various cultures, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, inevitable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its prevalence in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. 67. What does the author think is easy to see in many areas of contemporary life? A. The disagreement on the inevitability of competition. B. The consequence of psychological investigation. C. The effect of human drives. D. The impact of competition. 68. According to psychology, what do people strive to do following the initial stage of their life? A. Fulfill individual needs without incurring adverse effects of human drives. B. Indulge in cultural pursuits while keeping their base impulses at bay. C. Gain extensive recognition without exposing pure indulgence. D. Satisfy their own desires while observing social conventions. 69. What do we learn about the “natural world” characterized by Thomas Hobbes? A. It gets misrepresented by philosophers and anthropologists. B. It gets distorted in Darwin’s The Origin of Species. C. It is free from the rational intervention of humans. D. It is the pre-rational world rarely appreciated nowadays. 70. What can we conclude from Darwin’s assertion in The Origin of Species? A. All species inherently depend on others for survival. B. Struggles for survival do not exclude mutual support. C. Competition weighs as much as cooperation as a survival strategy. D. The strongest species proves to be the fittest in natural selection. 71. What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach after studying dozens of different cultures? A. It is characteristic of humans to be competitive. B. Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation. C. Competition is relatively more prevalent in Western societies. D. People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Horror Films Manipulate Our Senses My first trip to the cinema almost ended up being my last. On Christmas Eve 1996, a friend’s dad took a group of us to the cinema for an afternoon showing of Matilda. I was excited to see one of my storybook heroes get projected onto the silver screen. Everything started out just fine: The magic of the book was brought to life with the backing of its $36 million budget, and Embeth Davidtz made a perfectly acceptable Miss Honey. But then, somewhere around the halfway point, something happened that shook the five-year-old me to his tiny core. Matilda and Miss Honey, seeking the return of a stolen painting, had broken into the home of Agatha Trunchbull, Matilda’s evil headmistress. As they explored the house, Trunchbull suddenly returned, sending the pair scrabbling for an exit. Matilda ducked down a darkened staircase into the basement. Trunchbull ran down after her, screaming as she went. The soundtrack rose to fever pitch, and I sunk, terrified, into my seat. Horror movies are preoccupied with sensory matters. It is no coincidence that in Under the Skin, Scarlett Johansson’s murderous alien walks the streets in search of prey under the cover of night. ____72____ The color-sensitive cones (视锥细胞) in our eyes lose ground to the light-sensitive rods (视杆细胞). The result is a monochrome vision of the world, where even the slightest movement in the corner of your eye is amplified tenfold. ____73____ Is it any wonder then that horror cinema’s default color palette (默认主色调) is soaked in vermilion (鲜红色的) tones? Just think of the bright red pullover favored by Freddy Krueger in the Nightmare on Elm Street film series. Our sensitivity to sound is even more vulnerable to manipulation. We unthinkingly accept the reality of a film’s soundscape. Even the slightest sonic provocations can catch us entirely off guard. A University of California study found that non-linear sounds — those that go beyond the limits of an instrument’s normal musical range-frequently appear in horror movie soundtracks, like the screechy, violin-soaked shower scene from Psycho. ____74____ Ultimately, our relationship with horror is a symbiotic one. The scares brought to life on the screen are made possible by our ability to perceive them, just as 3D filmmaking relies on the ability of the human mind to perceive a 3D reality through the overlap of two separate images. _____75_____ This might explain why, two decades on, I still can’t bring myself to revisit the world of Matilda. A. In other words, horror movies are less expert at implanting scares in our minds than at drawing out those that already exist within us. B. Moreover, the color red has a powerful effect on the human mind, causing a feeling of fear even when divorced from any real threat. C. To conclude, people are more easily frightened by sudden changes in volume than by low, continuous sounds in horror films. D. In lowlight, the limitations of our senses render the world a more uncertain place, filled with half-seen figures and spaces. E. In addition, horror movies use dark settings and red colors mainly to reduce the cost of film production, as these elements require fewer complex props and special effects. F. Their similarity to the noises produced by animals under threat triggers an instinctive fear response in us. III. Summary 76. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. A Dangerous Thirst We are told that we should drink at least two litres of water a day and more if we are exercising, but what many people do not realise is that too much water can be deadly. The result is hyponatraemia (literally ‘low salt’)，a condition also known as ‘water intoxication’. When we sweat, we lose vital salts which the body needs to maintain its equilibrium(平衡)Sweating combine with drinking decrease the concentration of salts in the body to a dangerous level. There are three main factors that would cause someone to suffer from hyponatremia. These most at risk are the very young and the very old, because they are less able to regulate their thirst, and their water and salt levels, by themselves. Secondly, anyone who exercises for a long period is at risk; this includes marathon and triathlon competitors. However, it is not the professional athletes who are in danger but those who run marathons for charity, or as an occasional hobby. Thirdly, heat and humidity increase sweat loss to a litre an hour. The kind of heat at which hyponatremia can set in is not particularly hot—20°C. The highest number of incidents recorded at one time was when 24 runners were hospitalised during a marathon in California when the temperature was only 23 °C. As it gets hotter, runners slow down but drink more, and do not replace any lost salts. Drinking more than a litre an hour for five or more hours can lead to hyponatremia. Of course, we should all drink water, and we need more during hot and humid conditions, but it is best to have drinks with carbohydrates in them, such as squash, and to take sports drinks when exercising. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 77. 无论是好是坏，社交媒体无处不在，它影响着我们获取资讯、了解时事的渠道｡(affect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 78. 为了避免成为网络犯罪的受害者，青少年们要学会明辨是非，不能不假思索地接受陌生人的好友申请。(discriminate) (汉译英) 79. 本次展览的独特之处在于它涵盖了古埃及文明的各个方面,前来观展的人们无不被展品的琳琅满目与巧夺天工深深折服｡(lie) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 80. 如今不少人对带有触摸屏的数码产品如此上瘾，以至于他们无法忍受哪怕片刻断开互联网的想法，更不用说学会聆听大自然母亲的声音了｡(so…that…) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 81. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 81. Group projects are a regular part of high school study. Some praise them for fostering teamwork and communication skills, while others complain they lead to unequal workloads and scheduling conflicts. What is your view? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市曹杨二中2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. I’m truly sorry, everyone, but we don’t have nearly enough teaching materials ________. To be honest, I really ________ that so many people would sign up for and actually attend this lecture today. A. going around, don’t expect B. to go around, haven’t expected C. going around, hadn’t expected D. to go around, didn’t expect 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：我真的很抱歉，各位，但我们的教学材料根本不够分发。说实话，我之前真没预料到今天会有这么多人报名并且真的来听这场讲座。第一空，enough sth. to go around为固定搭配，意为“足够分配、够每个人用”，此处为动词不定式to go around作后置定语；第二空，would sign up 是过去将来（站在过去看“将会报名”），“没预料到”是过去的事实（讲座开始前就没料到），用一般过去时：didn’t expect。故选D。 2. By the time the canal ________ in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project ________ the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world. A. has opened, had cost B. opened, had cost C. had opened, cost D. had been opened, cost 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：到1914年这条运河开通时，这个长达50多英里的工程已经花费了美国超过3.5亿美元，还雇佣了来自世界各地的数万名工人。by the time引导时间状语从句，从句后接具体过去时间1914，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式opened；主句动作cost发生在从句动作opened之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，谓语用had cost。故选B项。 3. We are going to move to a spacious new building located in the city center next week, next to ______ a popular nice restaurant ________ we can have all kinds of Chinese food from Sichuan hot pot to Cantonese dim sum. A. where is, which B. it is, which C. which is, where D. that is, where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们下周要搬到位于市中心的一栋宽敞的新大楼，这栋大楼旁边就是一家很受欢迎的好餐厅，在那里我们可以吃到各式各样的中餐，从四川火锅到广东点心都有。第一空，next to______ a popular nice restaurant为非限制性定语从句，先行词a spacious new building，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，需用关系代词which引导，which指代单数名词，be动词用is；第二空，________ we can have all kinds of Chinese food from Sichuan hot pot to Cantonese dim sum.为限制性定语从句，先行词a popular nice restaurant，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选C。 4. Such tourists ________ have paid a visit to Shanghai and experienced its unique charm all think that a trip to this international metropolis cannot be truly complete without taking a leisurely stroll along the historic Bund. A. who B. that C. whoever D. as 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些曾到过上海并领略过其独特魅力的游客都认为，如果不去沿着历史悠久的外滩悠闲漫步一番，那么这次前往这座国际大都市的旅行就无法算得上是完整的。该句为Such + 名词 + as + 定语从句的固定句型，用于限定先行词tourists（游客），“所有去过上海、感受过其独特魅力的游客”。先行词前有Such修饰时，定语从句的关系代词只能用as，不能用 who/that，直接排除 A、B。as 在从句中作主语，替代先行词tourists，从句完整结构为as have paid a visit to Shanghai and experienced its unique charm。故选D项。 5. ________ he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ________ other better-informed experiments failed. A. While, where B. Although, in which C. Since, the place where D. As, that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查连词和定语从句。句意：虽然他对该领域的大量研究工作知之甚少，但他却在其他那些更有经验的实验都失败的地方取得了成功。第一空：while表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。第二空：where引导地点状语从句。符合句意。故选A项。 6. ________ human communities have spread and thrived in different regions of the world, they have historically hunted down and killed wolves, most often to protect their own vulnerable farm animals. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：人类社群在世界各个地区繁衍发展的地方，人们在历史上都会猎杀狼，大多数时候是为了保护自己易受伤害的家畜。A. However无论如何；B. Whatever无论什么；C. Whichever无论哪一个；D. Wherever无论在哪里。根据后文“human communities have spread and thrived in different regions of the world”可知，此处表示地点上的“无论在哪里”，Wherever引导让步状语从句，契合语义和句子结构。故选D项。 7. Although first ________ almost 200 years ago the novels of Charles Dickens have remained popular around the world, ________ a lasting legacy of vivid characters, social criticism, and heartfelt storytelling. A. publishing, left B. being published, having left C. published, leaving D. was published, left 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。句意：尽管查尔斯·狄更斯的小说首次出版近200年前，但它们在全球范围内一直广受欢迎，留下了生动人物、社会批判和真挚叙事的持久遗产。第一个空为状语从句的省略，相当于although they were first published...，省略了they were；第二空：the novels of Charles Dickens与leave是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故选C项。 8. In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier produced nearly sixty books, some fifty of them ________ original novels and collections of stories. A. have been B. were C. being D. to have been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：在一生中，Mary Anne Sadlier 创作了近 60 部作品，其中约 50 部是原创小说和故事集。此处为独立主格结构，be与some fifty of them为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故选C。 9. Public concerns ________ such chemicals and additives, though used to keep fruits fresh, can in fact cause cancer have recently been confirmed by a series of rigorous experiments. A. what B. that C. if D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：公众对这类化学物质和添加剂的担忧 —— 尽管它们被用于保持水果新鲜，却实际上可能致癌—— 最近已被一系列严谨的实验所证实。从句“such chemicals and additives, though used to keep fruits fresh, can in fact cause cancer”用来解释说明前面的名词concerns的具体内容，是同位语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，故用that引导。故选B。 10. All the soldiers paid obeisance and all the people around applauded warmly as the heroes turned up at the platform for ________ they demonstrated in the anti-terrorist fight. A. that B. how C. what D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当英雄们出现在讲台上时，所有士兵敬礼，周围民众热烈鼓掌，以表彰他们在反恐斗争中所展现出的精神。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故选C。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. Gen Z’s Growing Fascination with Retro Technology Generation Z, those in their teens and early twenties, are showing a growing interest in retro technology — a trend that has taken the consumer market by surprise. Unlike previous generations who chased ____11____ (late) gadgets, today’s young people are digging out vinyl records (黑胶唱片), loading film into traditional cameras, and dusting off vintage gaming consoles. This shift, ____12____ (spring) from a deep desire for authenticity and a deliberate break from the digital overload of modern devices, has reshaped young people’s consumption preferences. The appeal lies in the tangible, unhurried experience ____13____ every step feels intentional and meaningful. Vinyl records, for instance, are about the hands-on ceremonial process ____14____ just music: flipping through album covers, carefully placing the needle, and savoring the warm, analog sound that digital streams can’t replicate. Similarly, ____15____ instant cameras offer is a joy that modern smartphones are lacking in: waiting for a photo to develop, holding a physical print, and sharing it ____16____ the pressure of filters or likes. Even old gaming consoles like the Nintendo 64 or Sega Genesis attract Gen Z, who appreciate their simple, straightforward gameplay free from microtransactions and online toxicity. Retailers have quickly adapted to this trend, with many launching dedicated retro tech sections. Sales of portable turntables, polaroid-style instant cameras, and even classic alarm clocks (no phone required) ____17____ (surge) in recent years. Online marketplaces like Etsy and eBay report record numbers of young buyers searching for “vintage tech”, while mainstream brands have released modern iterations of retro favorites ____18____ (cater) to the demand. Opinions on the trend vary: some dismiss it as a fleeting aesthetic phase, tied to social media’s love for nostalgic visuals. ____19____, however, see it as a meaningful rebellion against digital fatigue. For Gen Z, retro tech isn’t just about the past-it’s about reclaiming control over their tech use. _____20_____ motivated by nostalgia (for a time they didn’t live through), a love for tactile experiences, or a genuine preference for simpler design, this trend reveals Gen Z’s unique, thoughtful relationship with technology. 【答案】11. the latest 12. springing 13. where 14. rather than##instead of 15. what 16. without 17. have surged 18. to cater 19. Others 20. Whether 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。Z世代不再追逐最新电子产品，反而热衷黑胶唱片、胶卷相机等复古科技，因其能提供真实、从容的体验，商家顺势适配，这一趋势也体现了他们对科技的独特态度。 11题详解】 考查最高级。句意：与前几代人追逐最新电子产品不同，如今的年轻人正在重新热衷于收藏黑胶唱片、将胶片装入传统相机，并擦拭那些老式的游戏机。结合句意“最新”可知用最高级the latest，故填the latest。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种转变源于对真实性的强烈追求以及对现代设备带来的信息过载的刻意摆脱，它改变了年轻人的消费偏好。此处spring与shift构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填springing。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：其魅力在于那种实实在在、从容不迫的体验，在这种体验中，每一步都显得是经过深思熟虑且意义非凡的。定语从句修饰先行词experience，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 【14题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：例如，黑胶唱片所体现的是一种亲力亲为的仪式感过程，而非仅仅是一段音乐：翻阅专辑封面，小心翼翼地放置唱针，享受那种数字流媒体无法复制的温暖的模拟音效。结合句意表示“而非，而不是”可用rather than/instead of。故填rather than/instead of。 【15题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：同样，拍立得相机所带来的，是现代智能手机所缺失的乐趣：等待照片显影、拿着实体相片，以及分享照片时，不必受滤镜和点赞的压力困扰。引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，用what。故填what。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：同样，拍立得相机所带来的，是现代智能手机所缺失的乐趣：等待照片显影、拿着实体相片，以及分享照片时，不必受滤镜和点赞的压力困扰。此处表示“没有……的压力”用介词without。故填without。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：近年来，便携式唱盘、类似宝丽来式的即时摄影相机，以及经典的闹钟（无需手机即可使用）的销量都大幅增长。根据in recent years可知为现在完成时，主语为Sales of portable turntables, polaroid-style instant cameras, and even classic alarm clocks，助动词用have。故填have surged。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：像Etsy和eBay这样的在线市场报告称，有创纪录数量的年轻买家正在搜索“复古科技产品”，而主流品牌也推出了经典产品的现代版本以满足这一需求。此处cater作目的状语用不定式。故填to cater。 【19题详解】 考查代词。句意：然而，另一些人则认为这是一种对数字疲劳现象的有意义的反抗。此处为句型some… others…表示“一些人……另一些人……”。首字母大写。故填Others。 【20题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：无论是出于对过往时光的怀旧之情（那时他们未曾经历过那样的生活）、对触觉体验的喜爱，还是出于对简约设计的真心偏好，这一趋势都揭示了 Z 世代与科技之间独特且深思熟虑的关系。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…，首字母大写。故填Whether。 Section C (A) Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. encounter B. withdrawal C. compatible D. sympathetic E. compromise F. exposure G. hit it off H. stick up for I. have a row with J. get the ball rolling K. show me the ropes 21. When I first stepped into the school as a nervous new teacher, the kind and experienced Mrs. Miller immediately took me under her wings and was more than happy to __________ in terms of the rules and regulations of the school. 22. The classic traditional teaching method, valued for its ability to foster close teacher-student relationships and targeted guidance, is perfectly __________ with innovative modern online courses that offer personalized learning paths and global knowledge sharing opportunities. 23. In the vibrant and ambitious world of Zootopia, young Judy Hopps, had to __________ herself resolutely when her insensitive classmates laughed at her for wanting to be the first rabbit police officer in history. 24. As a highlight of the annual Liangzhu Culture and Art Festival, the world “Poetry, Dance, Music and Painting” Art Gala brought an unforgettable cross-cultural __________ between artists from nearly 20 countries, who shared their ideas and co-created works blending Eastern and Western aesthetics. 25. When pressed for the key to her long life, the elderly lady on the verge of her 105th birthday smiled and revealed that she would never __________ a fool -not now, not ever. 26. After receiving hundreds of complaints about battery malfunctions, the company’s timely __________ of the faulty electronic devices from the market received widespread positive feedback from consumers, many of whom later expressed their willingness to continue purchasing products from the brand. 27. At the awards ceremony of the 1st Global Chinese Children’s Storytelling Competition held in Sydney, Chinese and Australian kids __________ because of their shared interest in the Chinese language, with frequent interactions and endless laughter on site. 28. Choosing a neutral venue for the team building event was a perfect __________ that satisfied both colleagues who preferred indoor activities and those who loved outdoor sports. 29. As the winter vacation was approaching and the school was preparing for its annual “Kindness Month” campaign, the class teacher asked her monitor to __________ on their class charity event by collecting their creative suggestions. 30. Most of the committee members, who had reviewed numerous public welfare applications over the years, were __________ to the proposal of building an accessible community library that would provide a cozy reading space and free cultural activities for local residents. 【答案】21. K 22. C 23. H 24. A 25. I 26. B 27. G 28. E 29. J 30. D 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当我作为一名紧张的新老师第一次踏入这所学校时，善良且经验丰富的米勒夫人立刻给予我帮助，并且非常乐意就学校的规章制度给我传授窍门。“show sb. the ropes”是固定短语，意为“向某人传授窍门；告诉某人如何做”，符合米勒夫人帮助新老师熟悉学校规则的语境，“be happy to do sth.”结构中to后接动词原形，故选K。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：经典的传统教学方法，因其能够培养紧密的师生关系和提供有针对性的指导而受到重视，它与创新的现代在线课程完美兼容，这些在线课程提供个性化的学习路径和全球知识共享的机会。“compatible”是形容词，意为“兼容的；可共存的”，“be compatible with”表示“与……兼容”，在此处描述传统教学方法与现代在线课程能够共存的关系，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在充满活力且雄心勃勃的动物城世界里，年轻的朱迪·霍普斯在她麻木不仁的同学们嘲笑她想成为历史上第一位兔子警官时，不得不坚决维护自己。“stick up for”是固定短语，意为“支持；维护”，符合朱迪面对同学嘲笑时维护自己的语境，“had to do sth.”结构中to后接动词原形，故选H。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为一年一度的良渚文化艺术节的亮点，“诗、舞、乐、画”世界艺术晚会为来自近20个国家的艺术家们带来了一场难忘的跨文化邂逅，他们分享想法并共同创作融合了东西方美学的作品。“encounter”作名词时，意为“邂逅；相遇”，符合艺术节上各国艺术家相遇交流的语境，作宾语。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当被追问她长寿的秘诀时，这位即将迎来105岁生日的老妇人微笑着透露，她绝不会和傻瓜吵架——现在不会，永远也不会。“have a row with”是固定短语，意为“与……争吵”，符合老妇人讲述自己不会与傻瓜发生争执的语境，“would never do sth.”结构中后接动词原形，故选I。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：在收到数百起关于电池故障的投诉后，该公司及时从市场上撤回有缺陷的电子设备，这一举措得到了消费者的广泛积极反馈，其中许多人后来表示愿意继续购买该品牌的产品。“withdrawal”是名词，意为“撤回；收回”，“the company’s timely withdrawal of...”表示“公司及时撤回……”，符合公司从市场撤回问题产品的语境，作主语。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在悉尼举行的第一届全球华人儿童讲故事比赛颁奖典礼上，中国和澳大利亚的孩子们因为对中文的共同兴趣而相处融洽，现场互动频繁，笑声不断。“hit it off”是固定短语，意为“一拍即合；相处得好”，符合孩子们因共同兴趣而相处融洽的语境，且根据上下文时态可知用一般过去时，故选G。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：为团建活动选择一个中立的场地是一个完美的妥协，这让既喜欢室内活动又热爱户外运动的同事们都很满意。“compromise”作名词时，意为“妥协；折中方案”，符合选择中立场地是一种让双方都满意的折中办法这一语境，作表语。故选E。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：随着寒假的临近，学校正在筹备一年一度的“友善月”活动，班主任让班长通过收集大家的创意建议来启动班级慈善活动。“get the ball rolling”是固定短语，意为“开始；使某事开始进行”，符合班主任让班长启动班级慈善活动的语境，“ask sb. to do sth.”结构中to后接动词原形，故选J。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：委员会的大多数成员多年来审查了众多公益申请，他们对建造一个无障碍社区图书馆的提议表示同情，该图书馆将为当地居民提供一个舒适的阅读空间和免费的文化活动。“sympathetic”是形容词，意为“同情的；表示同情的”，“be sympathetic to”表示“对……表示同情”，符合委员会成员对该提议的态度，作表语。故选D。 (B) Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. values B. demonstrate C. visionary D. transcend E. establishing F. strive G. worthiest H. lays I. explaining J. tailormade K. address On behalf of the Nobel Foundation, it is my great honour and pleasure to warmly welcome you all to the 2025 Nobel Prize award ceremony. In particular, I wish to welcome the Nobel Prize laureates, their families and friends. As we gather here in Stockholm for the festivities to celebrate this year’s laureates, it is against a dark backdrop in the world at large. With its rapid, unpredictable, paradoxical and tangled developments, it may seem hard to inspire trust and confidence in the future. In this world, Alfred Nobel’s ____31____ legacy is a forceful reminder of the transformative powers of science, literature and peace. Science is a lingua franca (通用语) for humankind in exploring and expanding the frontiers of human knowledge. It is international in nature, and it creates a scientific community across borders, ____32____ that extend beyond the limits of science itself. This is particularly important to emphasise in times of division, polarization and conflict. The prizes honour Nobel’s principle that “no consideration be given to nationality but that the prize be awarded to the ____33____ person.” This year, the physics prize is awarded for experimentally ____34____ macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling (宏观量子力学隧穿效应) in superconducting systems, leading towards technology for quantum computers; the chemistry prize for the development of stable, extremely porous materials, materials that can be ____35____ to capture carbon dioxide, store hydrogen or deliver pharmaceuticals in the body; and the prize in physiology or medicine for the discovery of a crucial complementary mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking healthy organs, thus raising hopes for treatments of autoimmune diseases and new cancer therapies. They all ____36____ how fundamental research, awarded for the greatest benefit of humankind, can also lead to groundbreaking applications. And the prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, for analyzing and modelling conditions for sustained growth, ____37____ bare the importance of a scientific understanding of technological breakthroughs and how inventions lead to old companies losing out to new ones; that is, the role of creative destruction. Last, but definitely not least, the prize in literature is awarded to an authorship where melancholy and apocalypse seem to dominate the picture, but where the force of art and creation, unfathomable as it is, may still ____38____ the dark and violent powers. As the world is at its darkest here in the Northern hemisphere, the Nobel lights illuminate not only the city, but also the world. Through knowledge, integrity and excellence, through creativity and inspiration, the laureates offer hope. They remind us that it is possible, through different paths, to ____39____ and come to terms with the many global challenges we face today. But their work also reminds us of our responsibility and the possibilities that lie within our reach. We must not just be passive spectators, but active contributors in defending the freedom of science and literature and the _____40_____ for peace to transform the world into a better place for humankind. 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. G 34. E 35. J 36. B 37. H 38. D 39. K 40. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇演讲稿。本文是在2025年诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上的致辞，在全球局势不佳的背景下，强调诺贝尔遗产及各奖项意义，介绍各奖项成果，呼吁人们积极应对挑战，借助科学、文学与和平的力量让世界更美好。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在这个世界上，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔具有前瞻性遗产有力地提醒着我们科学、文学与和平的变革力量。分析句子，需用形容词修饰“legacy”，诺贝尔的遗产对未来影响重大，体现出前瞻性，visionary意思 是“有远见的；前瞻性的”。符合语境，用于描述诺贝尔遗产的特点。故填C。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：它本质上是国际性的，并且它创造了跨越国界的科学共同体，这些价值观念超越了科学本身的范畴。分析句子，“that extend beyond...”为定语从句，修饰先行词，这里指科学共同体所蕴含的价值观念，values意为“价值观念；价值观”符合语境，作为先行词被定语从句修饰，说明科学共同体在价值层面的影响。故填A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这些奖项秉持诺贝尔的原则，即“不考虑国籍，而是将奖项授予最值得的人”。结合奖项授予原则，应是颁发给最值得该奖项的人，worthiest是worthy的最高级，意思是“最值得的”符合语境，用于明确奖项授予对象的标准。故填G。 【34题详解】 考查动名词。句意：今年，物理学奖授予通过实验证实超导系统中的宏观量子力学隧穿效应的研究，这为量子计算机技术的发展指明了方向。分析句子，“for +动名词”结构表原因，此处表示因通过实验证实该效应而获奖，establish 有 “证实；确立” 之意，动名词形式 establishing符合语境，用于说明获奖的研究行为。故填E。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：化学奖授予开发稳定、高孔隙率材料的研究，这些材料可以特制用于捕获二氧化碳、储存氢气或在体内输送药物。“tailormade”意思是“特制的；量身定制的”。分析句子，“be +形容词 + to do”结构，表明材料具有特制后用于特定用途的特性，tailormade意思是“特制的；量身定制的”。符合语境，描述材料可特制以实现特定功能。故填J。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们都展示了为人类最大利益而颁发的基础研究如何也能带来突破性的应用。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，结合语境，这些奖项成果展示了基础研究与突破性应用的关联，“demonstrate”意为“展示；证明”，符合语境，作为谓语动词体现奖项成果的作用。故填B。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的经济学奖，用于分析和模拟持续增长的条件，揭示了科学理解技术突破以及发明如何导致旧公司输给新公司的重要性；也就是说，创造性破坏的作用。“lays”是“lay”的第三人称单数形式。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，主语“the prize in economic sciences”为单数，结合语境，该奖项揭示相关重要性，lay“意为“揭示；暴露”符合语境，作为谓语动词表达奖项所起到的揭示作用。故填H。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：最后，但绝对同样重要的是，文学奖授予这样一位作家，在其作品中忧郁和启示录式的氛围似乎占据主导，但艺术与创造的力量，尽管深不可测，仍可能超越黑暗与暴力的力量。分析句子，情态动词“may”后接动词原形，结合语境，在文学作品中艺术创造力量可能超越黑暗暴力力量，transcend意思是“超越；胜过”符合语境。故填D。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们提醒我们，通过不同的途径，有可能应对并接受我们如今面临的诸多全球挑战。分析句子，“it is possible to +动词原形”结构，结合语境，面对全球挑战要去应对，address有“应对；处理”之意”符合语境，用于说明对全球挑战应采取的行动。故填K。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们不能只是被动的旁观者，而应该是积极的贡献者，捍卫科学和文学的自由，努力实现和平的价值观念，将世界变成人类更美好的家园。分析句子，“and”连接并列成分，这里表示为实现和平的价值观念而努力，“strive for”是固定短语，意为“为……努力；力求””符合语境，表达人们应积极采取的行动。故填F。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There are few things that impact your daily productivity as much as your routines. According to research, up to 40 per cent of our daily actions are ____41____ by habits. Yet our routines are not the only thing we need for a productive life. Most of us spend our days ____42____ between tasks. It is our rituals that help us smoothly move through the day. So how do routines and rituals fit into the modern workday? Let’s start with our routines. In its most basic form, a routine is a series of ____43____ followed actions. You can have a morning routine to start your day off right, or an evening routine that helps you disconnect from work. We all have routines, but not everyone ____44____ crafts them to maximize their time. That’s why many people are interested in the routines of successful entrepreneurs, in the belief that developing the same habits will bring the same ____45____. Correlation is not causation, however. Just because Apple’s CEO Tim Cook wakes up at 3:45 a. m. every morning does not mean this is the ____46____ for his success. Instead, the most successful daily routine is the one that ____47____ for you. This means understanding your body’s natural ebb and flow (起伏) of energy, planning meaningful work when you are best suited for it, as well as ____48____ your time and attention from interruptions and distractions. What’s important is not the exact nature of your routine, but that you have one and stick to it. Routines keep us grounded, but they do not always do much to help us get through the day. This is due to what is called “attention residue (注意力残留)”. While you might quickly switch from Task A to Task B, your attention remains stuck ____49____ the previous task. This is where rituals come in. These symbolic actions signify a moment of ____50____ of which we should take note. There are key moments during the workday where rituals can help guide you and ____51____ attention residue. You could go for a quick walk or grab a cup of coffee. The action itself does not matter as much as what it ____52____ to you — that you are finished with one part of your day and ready to move on to the next one. Rituals can often seem ____53____ to people on the outside. Think of the relationship between athletes and superstition (迷信). It is hard to believe that anyone really thinks growing a beard during playoffs (季后赛) will help them win, but they do it anyway. As professors at Harvard Business School wrote, “Despite the ____54____ of a direct connection between the ritual and the desired outcome, performing rituals with the intention of producing a certain result appears to be sufficient for that result to come true. ” Days have a funny way of slipping past without us even realizing it. Routines help us feel in ____55____ of our time, while rituals make sure that we stick to our plans. Sometimes it is the simplest actions that can help us get through the day and stay motivated. 41. A. concealed B. powered C. relieved D. substituted 42. A. bouncing B. hesitating C. relaxing D. suspending 43. A. completely B. randomly C. regularly D. strictly 44. A. accidentally B. consciously C. occasionally D. relatively 45. A. mistakes B. results C. symptoms D. ventures 46. A. aim B. excuse C. reason D. strategy 47. A. applies B. prepares C. strives D. works 48. A. concentrating B. discouraging C. learning D. protecting 49. A. looking for B. making up C. putting off D. thinking about 50. A. importance B. joy C. panic D. silence 51. A. intensify B. produce C. reduce D. resolve 52. A. guarantees B. happens C. resembles D. symbolizes 53. A. appealing B. compulsory C. strange D. suffering 54. A. absence B. belief C. evidence D. shortage 55. A. control B. favour C. honour D. need 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. D 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了日常惯例和仪式在现代工作日中的作用，日常惯例帮助我们掌控时间，仪式则确保我们坚持计划，两者共同帮助我们高效度过一天。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据研究，我们日常行为中多达40%是由习惯驱动的。A. concealed隐藏；B. powered驱动；C. relieved缓解；D. substituted替代。根据上文“There are few things that impact your daily productivity as much as your routines.”以及语境可知，日常习惯对日常工作效率有很大的影响，结合下文“Yet our routines are not the only thing we need for a productive life.”可知，此处指这种影响是指它会“驱动”我们的日常行为，“powered by habits”表示“由习惯驱动”，符合语境，说明习惯对日常行为的推动作用。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人每天都在任务之间来回切换。A. bouncing弹跳，反弹；B. hesitating犹豫；C. relaxing放松；D. suspending暂停。根据下文“This is due to what is called “attention residue (注意力残留)”. While you might quickly switch from Task A to Task B, your attention__9____ the previous task.”可知，大多数人是在多个任务之间奔波忙碌，bouncing在这里形象地描述了从一项任务跳转到另一项任务的行为模式，符合日常状态描述。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在最基本的形式中，日常惯例是一系列定期遵循的动作。A. completely完全地；B. randomly随机地；C. regularly定期地；D. strictly严格地。根据下文“ You can have a morning routine to start your day off right, or an evening routine that helps you disconnect from work.”以及常识可知，日常惯例是定期遵循的行动，regularly“定期地”符合日常惯例的规律性。故选C。 【44题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们都有日常惯例，但并非每个人都有意识地精心设计它们以最大化利用时间。A. accidentally偶然地；B. consciously有意识地，有意地；C. occasionally偶尔地；D. relatively相对地。根据转折词“but”以及下文“That’s why many people are interested in the routines of successful entrepreneurs, in the belief that developing the same habits will bring the same ____5____”可知，并不是每个人都是为了最大化利用时间而去有意识地精心设计自己的日常惯例，很多人会去模仿成功人士的习惯。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么许多人对成功企业家的日常惯例感兴趣，他们相信养成同样的习惯会带来同样的结果。A. mistakes错误；B. results结果；C. symptoms症状；D. ventures风险项目；冒险活动。根据上文“people are interested in the routines of successful entrepreneurs, in the belief that developing the same habits will bring the same”可知，此处指许多人对成功企业家的日常惯例感兴趣，认为养成同样习惯会带来成功，“the same results”表示“同样的结果”，符合语境。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅仅因为苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克每天早上3:45起床，并不意味着这是他成功的原因。A. aim目标；B. excuse借口；C. reason原因；D. strategy策略。根据上文“Correlation is not causation, however.”及“Just because Apple’s CEO Tim Cook wakes up at 3: 45 a. m. every morning”可知，这里说的是起床时间不是库克成功的原因。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，最成功的日常惯例是适合你的。A. applies应用；B. prepares准备；C. strives努力；D. works起作用，奏效。根据下文“This means understanding your body’s natural ebb and flow (起伏) of energy, planning meaningful work when you are best suited for it, as well as ____8____ your time and attention from interruptions and distractions.”可知，对你有效、适合你的日常惯例才会是最成功的，“works for you”表示“适合你，对你有效”，强调日常惯例要符合个人情况，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要了解你身体的自然能量起伏，在你最适合的时候规划有意义的工作，以及保护你的时间和注意力不受干扰和分心。A. concentrating集中；B. discouraging使气馁；C. learning学习；D. protecting保护。此句阐述如何设计适合自己的日常惯例，根据下文“your time and attention from interruptions and distractions”可知，这里说的是保护时间和注意力不受干扰。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然你可能会迅速从任务A切换到任务B，但你的注意力仍然停留在先前的任务上。A. looking for寻找；B. making up编造；C. putting off推迟；D. thinking about思考。根据上文“This is due to what is called “attention residue (注意力残留)”. While you might quickly switch from Task A to Task B, your attention remains stuck”可知，这里说的是注意力会停留在先前任务上，“thinking about the previous task”表示“思考先前的任务”，解释了注意力残留的现象。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些象征性的动作标志着一个我们应该注意的重要时刻。A. importance重要性；B. joy快乐；C. panic恐慌；D. silence沉默。根据空后“of which we should take note”以及下文“There are key moments during the workday where rituals can help guide you and ____11____ attention residue. ”可知，这里说的是应该注意的重要时刻。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在工作日的关键时刻，仪式可以帮助引导你并减少注意力残留。A. intensify加剧，增强；B. produce生产，产生；C. reduce减少；D. resolve解决。根据上文“This is where rituals come in. These symbolic actions signify a moment of ____10____ of which we should take note.”以及下文“ that you are finished with one part of your day and ready to move on to the next one.”可知，此处表示仪式可以帮助减少注意力残留，让自己准备好进入下一项任务。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：动作本身并不重要，重要的是它对你象征着什么——你已经完成了一天的一部分，准备进入下一个部分。A. guarantees保证；B. happens发生；C. resembles像，与……相似；D. symbolizes象征。根据上午“This is where rituals come in. These symbolic actions signify a moment of ”以及下文“that you are finished with one part of your day and ready to move on to the next one”可知，此处指出去散个步或者喝杯咖啡等仪式性动作的象征意义。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：仪式对外人来说常常显得很奇怪。A. appealing吸引人的；B. compulsory强制性的；C. strange奇怪的；D. suffering痛苦。根据下文“It is hard to believe that anyone really thinks growing a beard during playoffs (季后赛) will help them win, but they do it anyway.”可知，以运动员在季后赛期间留胡子这一仪式为例，说明仪式有时候对外人而言可能显得奇怪。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管仪式和期望的结果之间没有直接联系的证据，但怀着产生某种结果的意图进行仪式似乎足以使该结果成真。A. absence缺乏，不存在；B. belief信念，相信；C. evidence证据；D. shortage短缺。介词“Despite”后跟名词短语构成让步状语，与下文构成转折，根据下文“performing rituals with the intention of producing a certain result appears to be sufficient for that result to come true.”可知，此处指尽管仪式和期望的结果之间不存在直接联系。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：日常惯例帮助我们感觉能掌控自己的时间，而仪式则确保我们坚持计划。A. control控制；B. favour恩惠，支持；C. honour荣誉，尊敬；D. need需要。上文“Days have a funny way of slipping past without us even realizing it.”指出日子总是在不知不觉中悄然流逝，结合空前“Routines help us”以及空后“our time”可知，此处强调了日常惯例对于掌控时间的作用，“feel in control of our time”与上文“without us even realizing it”相对应。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 56. What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. Confident and open. B. Careful and secretive. C. Quick and careless. D. Bold and enthusiastic. 57. What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A. He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B. He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C. He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D. He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 58. What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A. Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B. Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C. Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D. Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 59. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A. To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B. To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C. To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D. To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. C 59. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者陪伴爱园艺的妻子多年却不识花卉，决心学习后闹出趣事，仍坚持探索植物世界的经历。 【56题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs.(我不想把这件事闹大，所以没有让弗朗西斯卡给我速成课。但我确实开始小心翼翼地打听，还偷偷翻看她的种子目录。)”可知，作者不想让妻子发现自己在学习识别花卉，因此打听的方式是小心且隐秘的，discreet在此处表示“小心的、秘密的”，与“careful and secretive”含义一致。故选B项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons.(但我最终还是取得了突破，现在已经能认出蜀葵和杜鹃花了。)”和第五段中的“But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was.(但我有了一个令人震惊的发现。我意识到自己只能认出妻子花园里的花，因为我记住了每一种植物的位置。)”可知，作者所谓的识别花卉的突破，只是记住了自家花园里植物的位置，并非真正能认出花卉本身。故选C项。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. (为自己辩解的是，尽管弗朗西斯卡和我一起看了半个世纪的橄榄球和棒球，她仍然不能完全理解安全突袭规则和内野高飞球规则。)”可知，作者用妻子看了多年球类运动却不懂相关规则的事，类比自己陪伴妻子多年却不识花卉的情况，说明妻子在体育方面的困扰和自己在植物方面的困扰是一样的。故选C项。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea.(尽管我已经与弗朗西斯卡相伴50年，也从1993年起就欣赏着这座花园的绚烂美景，却依然认不出各种花卉。像郁金香、玫瑰这类辨识度高的花我还能分清，可要是让我区分雏菊和黑心金光菊，我就彻底一头雾水了。)”以及第四段中的“I was not an overnight success.(我并非一朝一夕就学有所成。)”和第五段中的“I still confuse it with lavender.(我至今还会把它和薰衣草弄混。)”并结合作者学习识别花卉时的小心举动、发现自己只是记位置的尴尬，以及仍决心坚持学习的想法可知，作者以幽默的笔触讲述了自己在识别植物过程中的种种困难和趣事，为了分享这段有趣的经历。故选D项。 (B) • What are geysers? Geysers are types of hot springs which periodically shoot a column of steaming water high into the air. They occur in areas of volcanic activity where hot lava is found close to the Earth’s surface. The name comes from the Icelandic verb geysa, to gush. • How do geysers work? Geysers only form under very specific conditions. There must be ample groundwater; an underground heat source; and a ‘plumbing system’ made up of reservoirs and vertical passages or ‘pipes’ through which heated water travels on its way to the Earth’s surface. Cool water on the Earth’s surface trickles down through porous (多孔渗水的) rock. As it approaches the heat source (hot rocks or a magma chamber) it is heated to extremely high temperatures and starts to rise through a ‘pipe’. The water would usually turn to steam but its depth, plus the weight of cooler water above it, creates what is called a confining pressure that prevents the superheated water from boiling and turning to steam. As the water rises this pressure lessens and steam finally forms and is trapped in' the reservoir. Over time the pressure in the reservoir continues to build until the steam forces the water upwards through the passage to the surface of the Earth, where it erupts through a vent in a spectacular column of steaming water. • Where are geysers found? Geysers are rare, with only around 1,000 active worldwide. They occur in the United States (US), Russia, Chile, New Zealand and Iceland. Some erupt almost predictably in cycles of minutes, hours or days, and some have years between eruptions. The tallest active geyser in the world is Steamboat Geyser in Yellowstone National Park (US) which can shoot water more than 90 metres into the air. Unfortunately, it has only done so five times from 2003 to 2013. 60. The diagram helps to ________. A. give more detailed explanations of the terms in the text B. provide additional information through a graphic C. illustrate why geysers are unpredictable D. show the information in the text in a graphic form 61. What is the correct order of events as they occur in the formation of a geyser eruption? ①magma heats water ②steam pressure lifts water ③water collects in a reservoir ④groundwater penetrates rock ⑤water rises in a pipe A. ④①③⑤② B. ⑤④③①② C. ①⑤③④② D. ④①⑤③② 62. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A science fiction. B. A research plan. C. An encyclopedia. D. A travel journal. 【答案】60. D 61. D 62. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章利用图表介绍间接泉的喷发原理。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。结合课文，再通过图表上的内容可知，图表有助于以图形的形式显示文本中的信息。故选D。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Cool water on the Earth’s surface trickles down through porous (多孔渗水的) rock. As it approaches the heat source (hot rocks or a magma chamber) it is heated to extremely high temperatures and starts to rise through a ‘pipe’. （地球表面的冷水通过多孔的岩石涓涓而下。当它接近热源(热岩石或岩浆库)时，它被加热到极高的温度，并开始通过“管道”上升）和As the water rises this pressure lessens and steam finally forms and is trapped in' the reservoir. Over time the pressure in the reservoir continues to build until the steam forces the water upwards through the passage to the surface of the Earth, where it erupts through a vent in a spectacular column of steaming water.（当水上升时，压力减小，水蒸气最终形成并被困在水库中。随着时间的推移，水库中的压力持续增加，直到蒸汽迫使水通过通道上升到地球表面，在那里，水通过一个壮观的蒸汽柱喷发出来）”由此可知，间歇泉喷发形成时，正确的事件顺序是地下水渗透岩石、岩浆加热水、水在管子里上升、水积聚在水库中，最后蒸汽压力使水升高。故选D。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。本文介绍间接泉的喷发原理，可知，文章不可能来自科幻小说，一个研究计划，也不可能来自一篇旅游日志，它最有可能来自一本百科全书。故选C。 (C) In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an unclear and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience. Opportunities for misinterpretation are everywhere. Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as early forms of science and are full of potential. But it takes collective inspection and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and battle between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. Two problems exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of current knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies repetition and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or contradiction by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim — a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.” 63. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its ________. A. uncertainty and complexity B. misconception and falsehood C. logicality and objectivity D. systematicness and regularity 64. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires ________. A. strict inspection B. shared efforts C. individual wisdom D. persistent innovation 65. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that ________. A. scientific claims will survive challenges B. discoveries today inspire future research C. efforts to make discoveries are justified D. scientific work calls for a critical mind 66. Which of the following would be the best title of the test? A. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Discovery B. Collective Inspection in Scientific Discovery C. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science D. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science 【答案】63. A 64. B 65. D 66. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学研究实际上充满了不确定性和复杂性，科学发现的主张应被视为科学的早期形式，需要经过可信度的验证才能变为成熟的科学发现，这一验证的过程需要集体的努力，并且伴随着相应的两个问题。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an unclear and complicated route. (在科学如何进行的理想版本中，关于世界的事实等待着客观的研究人员观察和收集，他们使用科学的方法来开展工作。但在日常的科学实践中，科学发现往往遵循一条不明确而复杂的路线。)”可知，科学发现的过程实际上和理想版本不同，它的特点是具有不确定性和复杂性。故选A项。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But it takes collective inspection and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. (但是，要把一项科学发现的主张转变为一项成熟的发现，需要集体的审视和认可。这是一个验证可信度的过程，通过这个过程，此时此地研究者个人的“我”变成了社群中随时随地的“任何人”。)”可知，科学发现的主张需要经过集体的审视和认可才能被证实是可信的，变为成熟的发现。由此可知，验证可信度的过程需要集体的努力。故选B项。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” (诺贝尔奖得主、生理学家Albert Azent-Gyorgyi曾将科学发现描述为“看到所有人都看到的，思考没有人想到的。”)”可知，Albert Azent-Gyorgyi认为科学发现意味着在了解所有人都知道的东西的基础上，拥有创新性的思考。由此可知，他应该会同意“科学工作需要有批判性思维”的观点。故选D项。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段指出科学研究实际上充满了不确定性和复杂性；第二段指出鉴于上述特点，科学发现的主张需要经过可信度验证的过程才能变为成熟的科学发现；第三段介绍了验证可信度的常规过程，第四段说明了验证可信度过程中存在的两个问题；第五段引用哲学家Annette Baier的话对科学的可信度验证过程进行了总结。综上所述，文章主要是在介绍科学研究中可信度的验证过程，即科学发现的主张如何变为成熟的科学发现。因此，C项“科学研究中可信度的演变”准确地概括了文章的主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 (D) Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition is exerting in academics and many other areas of contemporary life. Psychologically speaking competition has been seen as an inevitable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents. Thereafter, we are at the mercy of a battle between our base impulses for self-fulfillment and social and cultural norms which prohibit pure indulgence. Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested,however,that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be incorrect. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world,” that is, the world before the imposition of the will of humanity, as being “nasty, brutish, and short.” This image of the pre-rational world is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine of natural selection. This doctrine, which takes for granted that those species best able to adapt to and master the natural environment in which they live will survive, has suggested that the struggle for survival is an inherent human trait which determines a person’s success. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest” — a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest.” Darwin asserted in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and could easily include dependence and cooperation. Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition as opposed to other values, such as cooperation — by various cultures, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, inevitable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its prevalence in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. 67. What does the author think is easy to see in many areas of contemporary life? A. The disagreement on the inevitability of competition. B. The consequence of psychological investigation. C. The effect of human drives. D. The impact of competition. 68. According to psychology, what do people strive to do following the initial stage of their life? A. Fulfill individual needs without incurring adverse effects of human drives. B. Indulge in cultural pursuits while keeping their base impulses at bay. C. Gain extensive recognition without exposing pure indulgence. D. Satisfy their own desires while observing social conventions. 69. What do we learn about the “natural world” characterized by Thomas Hobbes? A. It gets misrepresented by philosophers and anthropologists. B. It gets distorted in Darwin’s The Origin of Species. C. It is free from the rational intervention of humans. D. It is the pre-rational world rarely appreciated nowadays. 70. What can we conclude from Darwin’s assertion in The Origin of Species? A. All species inherently depend on others for survival. B. Struggles for survival do not exclude mutual support. C. Competition weighs as much as cooperation as a survival strategy. D. The strongest species proves to be the fittest in natural selection. 71. What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach after studying dozens of different cultures? A. It is characteristic of humans to be competitive. B. Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation. C. Competition is relatively more prevalent in Western societies. D. People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound. 【答案】67. D 68. D 69. C 70. B 71. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨竞争是人类先天遗传还是后天习得行为，介绍了心理学、人类学相关观点及研究结论。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition is exerting in academics and many other areas of contemporary life.(不管竞争是先天的还是后天的，你都不得不承认竞争在学术领域和当代生活的许多其他方面所产生的影响。)”可知，作者认为在当代生活的诸多领域，竞争所带来的影响是显而易见的。故选D项。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents.Thereafter, we are at the mercy of a battle between our base impulses for self-fulfillment and social and cultural norms which prohibit pure indulgence.(起初，我们是为了吸引父母的注意而相互竞争。此后，我们便受制于追求自我实现的原始冲动与禁止纯粹放纵的社会文化规范之间的斗争。)”可知，心理学认为在人生初始阶段之后，人们会在满足自身欲望的同时，遵守社会的相关规范。故选D项。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world,” that is, the world before the imposition of the will of humanity, as being “nasty, brutish, and short.”(十七世纪的伟大哲学家之一托马斯·霍布斯，或许最令人铭记的是他将“自然世界”——即人类意志施加之前的世界——描述为“肮脏、粗野且短暂的”。)”可知，托马斯·霍布斯所描绘的“自然世界”是未受到人类理性干预的世界。故选C项。 【70题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Darwin asserted in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and could easily include dependence and cooperation.(达尔文在《物种起源》中声称，他所描述的生存斗争应被视为一种隐喻，其中也完全可以包含相互依赖与合作。)”可知，达尔文认为生存斗争并不排斥相互扶持与合作。故选B项。 【71题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its prevalence in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.(在研究了数十种这样的文化后，米德得出的最终结论是，竞争性是人类行为中由文化塑造的一面，它在某一特定社会中的普及程度与该社会对它的重视程度相关。)”可知，玛格丽特·米德的研究结论是人们对竞争的态度实际上受文化的制约。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Horror Films Manipulate Our Senses My first trip to the cinema almost ended up being my last. On Christmas Eve 1996, a friend’s dad took a group of us to the cinema for an afternoon showing of Matilda. I was excited to see one of my storybook heroes get projected onto the silver screen. Everything started out just fine: The magic of the book was brought to life with the backing of its $36 million budget, and Embeth Davidtz made a perfectly acceptable Miss Honey. But then, somewhere around the halfway point, something happened that shook the five-year-old me to his tiny core. Matilda and Miss Honey, seeking the return of a stolen painting, had broken into the home of Agatha Trunchbull, Matilda’s evil headmistress. As they explored the house, Trunchbull suddenly returned, sending the pair scrabbling for an exit. Matilda ducked down a darkened staircase into the basement. Trunchbull ran down after her, screaming as she went. The soundtrack rose to fever pitch, and I sunk, terrified, into my seat. Horror movies are preoccupied with sensory matters. It is no coincidence that in Under the Skin, Scarlett Johansson’s murderous alien walks the streets in search of prey under the cover of night. ____72____ The color-sensitive cones (视锥细胞) in our eyes lose ground to the light-sensitive rods (视杆细胞). The result is a monochrome vision of the world, where even the slightest movement in the corner of your eye is amplified tenfold. ____73____ Is it any wonder then that horror cinema’s default color palette (默认主色调) is soaked in vermilion (鲜红色的) tones? Just think of the bright red pullover favored by Freddy Krueger in the Nightmare on Elm Street film series. Our sensitivity to sound is even more vulnerable to manipulation. We unthinkingly accept the reality of a film’s soundscape. Even the slightest sonic provocations can catch us entirely off guard. A University of California study found that non-linear sounds — those that go beyond the limits of an instrument’s normal musical range-frequently appear in horror movie soundtracks, like the screechy, violin-soaked shower scene from Psycho. ____74____ Ultimately, our relationship with horror is a symbiotic one. The scares brought to life on the screen are made possible by our ability to perceive them, just as 3D filmmaking relies on the ability of the human mind to perceive a 3D reality through the overlap of two separate images. _____75_____ This might explain why, two decades on, I still can’t bring myself to revisit the world of Matilda. A. In other words, horror movies are less expert at implanting scares in our minds than at drawing out those that already exist within us. B. Moreover, the color red has a powerful effect on the human mind, causing a feeling of fear even when divorced from any real threat. C. To conclude, people are more easily frightened by sudden changes in volume than by low, continuous sounds in horror films. D. In lowlight, the limitations of our senses render the world a more uncertain place, filled with half-seen figures and spaces. E. In addition, horror movies use dark settings and red colors mainly to reduce the cost of film production, as these elements require fewer complex props and special effects. F. Their similarity to the noises produced by animals under threat triggers an instinctive fear response in us. 【答案】72. D 73. B 74. F 75. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以作者童年看电影受惊吓的经历引入，介绍恐怖片通过暗光、红色、特殊音效操控人的感官，利用人类本能反应制造恐惧，恐惧本质源于观众自身感知。 【72题详解】 根据后文“The color-sensitive cones (视锥细胞) in our eyes lose ground to the light-sensitive rods (视杆细胞). The result is a monochrome vision of the world, where even the slightest movement in the corner of your eye is amplified tenfold.(我们眼睛中的感光视锥细胞逐渐被感光视杆细胞所取代。其结果是，我们看到的世界变成了单色景象，哪怕是你眼角上最微小的移动也会被放大十倍)”可知，后文说明人眼在弱光下视锥细胞、视杆细胞的变化，视觉变模糊、不确定。D选项“在昏暗的光线下，我们感官的局限性使得这个世界变得更加难以捉摸，充满了半隐半现的人物和模糊的空间”承接“黑暗/弱光环境”，解释光线不足如何影响人的视觉与安全感，与后文生理原理衔接。故选D。 【73题详解】 根据后文“Is it any wonder then that horror cinema’s default color palette (默认主色调) is soaked in vermilion (鲜红色的) tones? Just think of the bright red pullover favored by Freddy Krueger in the Nightmare on Elm Street film series.(那么，恐怖电影所采用的默认色彩基调（即主色调）充斥着鲜红色调，这也就不足为奇了。想想《猛鬼街》系列电影中弗雷迪·克鲁格所穿的那种鲜艳的红色毛衣吧)”可知，本段主题是恐怖片用红色制造恐惧。B选项“此外，红色对人的心理有着强大的影响，即便在没有实际威胁的情况下也会让人产生恐惧的感觉”引出“红色对心理的恐惧影响”，与下文红色案例逻辑连贯。故选B。 【74题详解】 根据上文“Our sensitivity to sound is even more vulnerable to manipulation. We unthinkingly accept the reality of a film’s soundscape. Even the slightest sonic provocations can catch us entirely off guard. A University of California study found that non-linear sounds-those that go beyond the limits of an instrument’s normal musical range-frequently appear in horror movie soundtracks, like the screechy, violin-soaked shower scene from Psycho.(我们对声音的敏感度更容易受到外界的影响。我们往往会不假思索地接受影片中音效的呈现方式。哪怕是最轻微的声效刺激也能让我们猝不及防。加利福尼亚大学的一项研究发现，非线性音效——即超出乐器正常音域范围的音效——常常出现在恐怖电影的配乐中，比如《惊魂记》中那充满尖锐音效、伴有小提琴声的淋浴场景)”可知，本段主题是声音如何操控恐惧。F选项“它们发出的声音与动物在受到威胁时发出的声音十分相似，这会引发我们本能的恐惧反应”解释这类音效为何吓人—— 类似受威胁动物的声音，触发本能恐惧，完美总结音效原理。故选F。 【75题详解】 根据上文“Ultimately, our relationship with horror is a symbiotic one. The scares brought to life on the screen are made possible by our ability to perceive them, just as 3D filmmaking relies on the ability of the human mind to perceive a 3D reality through the overlap of two separate images.(最终，我们与恐怖元素的关系是一种共生关系。银幕上呈现的恐怖场景之所以能够呈现出来，是因为我们具备感知它们的能力，正如3D电影制作依赖于人类大脑通过两张独立画面的重叠来感知三维现实的能力一样)”可知，前文说明恐惧是屏幕内容 + 人的感知共同作用，恐怖效果依赖我们自身的感知能力。A选项“换句话说，恐怖电影在将恐惧植入我们脑海方面的能力不如在激发我们内心已有的恐惧方面出色”对前文进行同义改写、总结升华：恐怖片不是“植入恐惧”，而是“唤醒我们内心已有的恐惧”，与结尾作者童年阴影呼应。故选A。 III. Summary 76. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. A Dangerous Thirst We are told that we should drink at least two litres of water a day, and more if we are exercising, but what many people do not realise is that too much water can be deadly. The result is hyponatraemia (literally ‘low salt’)，a condition also known as ‘water intoxication’. When we sweat, we lose vital salts which the body needs to maintain its equilibrium(平衡)Sweating combine with drinking decrease the concentration of salts in the body to a dangerous level. There are three main factors that would cause someone to suffer from hyponatremia. These most at risk are the very young and the very old, because they are less able to regulate their thirst, and their water and salt levels, by themselves. Secondly, anyone who exercises for a long period is at risk; this includes marathon and triathlon competitors. However, it is not the professional athletes who are in danger but those who run marathons for charity, or as an occasional hobby. Thirdly, heat and humidity increase sweat loss to a litre an hour. The kind of heat at which hyponatremia can set in is not particularly hot—20°C. The highest number of incidents recorded at one time was when 24 runners were hospitalised during a marathon in California when the temperature was only 23 °C. As it gets hotter, runners slow down but drink more, and do not replace any lost salts. Drinking more than a litre an hour for five or more hours can lead to hyponatremia. Of course, we should all drink water, and we need more during hot and humid conditions, but it is best to have drinks with carbohydrates in them, such as squash, and to take sports drinks when exercising. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Three main factors lead to hyponatremia, caused by sweating and drinking too much water. Those too young or too old tend to suffer more from hyponatremia. Exercising for too long can cause hyponatremia especially for those who exercise occasionally. On hot and wet days, hyponatremia is more likely to occur. We shouldn't just drink plain water on certain occasions. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。要求写一篇概要。 【详解】本文是一篇文章概括总结。概写要求把文章所表达的重点内容准确地概括出来，要全面，不能片面。这篇文章论述的是社会学家早就认识到，只有不到200人的组织可以通过成员之间的信息自由流动来运作。一旦它们的规模超出了这个数字，这些组织就变得不那么灵活了。因此，似乎有必要防止沟通失败导致的完全混乱。关于这个问题，文章介绍了解决的方法。它覆盖了所有内容，语言精练，层次分明，要点突出，文中使用高级句子。To solve this problem, we can divide them intosmaller groups and encourage individuals to communicate casually and directly.动词不定式在句中做目的状语和宾语补足语；The removal of a coffee room is a typical example, showing how important closesocial networks are to a company’s smooth operation.句中使用现在分词做伴随状语。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 77. 无论是好是坏，社交媒体无处不在，它影响着我们获取资讯、了解时事的渠道｡(affect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For better or for worse, social media is all around us, and it affects / affecting the channels through which we obtain information and keep track of / learn about current affairs. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语，并列句和定语从句。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“无论是好是坏”为固定短语，常用for better or for worse；“社交媒体无处不在”译为social media is all around us；“它影响着……”用it affects，it指代上文提到的social media，上下句为顺承关系，用and连接，也可将affect处理为非谓语动词，它和逻辑主语social media之间为主动关系，用现在分词affecting；“渠道”译为channels，“我们获取资讯、了解时事”为修饰channel的定语从句，“获取资讯”译为obtain information，“了解时事”译为keep track of current affairs或learn about current affairs，表示“通过”用介词through，代替先行词在从句中作through的宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。综上，故翻译为For better or for worse, social media is all around us, and it affects the channels through which we obtain information and keep track of current affairs. 78. 为了避免成为网络犯罪的受害者，青少年们要学会明辨是非，不能不假思索地接受陌生人的好友申请。(discriminate) (汉译英) 【答案】In order to avoid becoming the victim of cybercrime, teenagers should learn to discriminate right from wrong/discriminate between right and wrong, and don’t accept strangers’ friend requests without thinking/hesitation. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语，动词短语和介词短语。根据汉语提示，表示“为了避免成为网络犯罪的受害者”用in order to avoid becoming the victim of cybercrime，该结构中不定式结构作状语，avoid doing表示“避免做某事”，becoming the victim of cybercrime为动名词作宾语；表示“青少年”用teenager，此处表示复数意义，故使用teenagers；表示“学会做某事”用learn to do sth；表示“明辨是非”用discriminate right from wrong或者discriminate between right and wrong；表示“并且”用and；句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，表示“不假思索”用without thinking/hesitation；表示“不能接受陌生人的好友申请”用don’t accept strangers’ friend requests。故翻译为In order to avoid becoming the victim of cybercrime, teenagers should learn to discriminate right from wrong/discriminate between right and wrong, and don’t accept strangers’ friend requests without thinking/hesitation. 79. 本次展览的独特之处在于它涵盖了古埃及文明的各个方面,前来观展的人们无不被展品的琳琅满目与巧夺天工深深折服｡(lie) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The uniqueness of the exhibition lies in the fact that it covers all aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization, and visitors are all deeply impressed by the rich variety and exquisite / superb craftsmanship of the exhibits. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和同位语从句。此处为and连接并列句，第一句主语“本次展览的独特之处”为the uniqueness of the exhibition；表示“在于”短语为lie in；表示“它涵盖了古埃及文明的各个方面”翻译为同位语从句，解释说明fact，从句不缺少句意和成分，故翻译为the fact that it covers all aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization；第二句主语“前来观展的人们”为visitors；表示“被……深深折服”短语为be all deeply impressed by；表示“展品的琳琅满目与巧夺天工”可用the rich variety and exquisite/superb craftsmanship of the exhibits。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The uniqueness of the exhibition lies in the fact that it covers all aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization, and visitors are all deeply impressed by the rich variety and exquisite / superb craftsmanship of the exhibits. 80. 如今不少人对带有触摸屏的数码产品如此上瘾，以至于他们无法忍受哪怕片刻断开互联网的想法，更不用说学会聆听大自然母亲的声音了｡(so…that…) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many people nowadays are so addicted to digital products with touchscreens that they can’t stand the idea of being disconnected from the Internet even for a moment, let alone learn to hear the sound of Mother Nature. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词和状语从句。“不少人”用名词短语many people作句子主语，“如今”用nowadays作时间状语。“对……上瘾”用be addicted to表示，描述现在的情况用一般现在时，“带有触摸屏的数码产品”用digital products with touchscreens作宾语，“如此……以至于”用so…that…引出结果状语从句。从句中they作主语，“无法忍受”用can’t stand表示，作谓语，“……的想法”用the idea of表示，“断开互联网”用being disconnected from the Internet作介词of的宾语，“哪怕片刻”用even for a moment作时间状语。“更不用说”用let alone表示，“学会做某事”用learn to do sth.表示，“聆听大自然母亲的声音”表示为hear the sound of mother nature。故译为Many people nowadays are so addicted to digital products with touchscreens that they can’t stand the idea of being disconnected from the Internet even for a moment, let alone learn to hear the sound of Mother Nature. V. Guided Writing 81. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 81. Group projects are a regular part of high school study. Some praise them for fostering teamwork and communication skills, while others complain they lead to unequal workloads and scheduling conflicts. What is your view? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Group projects are very common in high school life, and they have both advantages and disadvantages. In my opinion, group work is generally beneficial as long as we organize it well. On one hand, group projects help us develop teamwork and communication skills. We learn to listen to different ideas, share responsibilities, and solve problems together, which are important for our future life and study. On the other hand, problems like unfair workload and time conflicts do exist. Some students do little work while others take all the pressure. To make group projects better, we should set clear roles, make a detailed plan, and help each other. In this way, we can enjoy the benefits of cooperation and avoid its weaknesses. All in all, group projects are valuable. They teach us more than just knowledge — they teach us how to work with others. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求针对高中小组合作学习的利弊发表个人观点。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 常见的：common → widespread 好处：advantage → strength 弊端：disadvantage → drawback 解决：solve → tackle 2. 句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：Group projects are very common in high school life, and they have both advantages and disadvantages. 拓展句：Group projects, which are very common in high school life, have both advantages and disadvantages. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We learn to listen to different ideas, share responsibilities, and solve problems together, which are important for our future life and study.（运用了 which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In my opinion, group work is generally beneficial as long as we organize it well.（运用了 as long as引导条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $