Unit 1 Science Fiction Using Language 1 教学设计-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Unit1 Using Language (1) 教学指导 时内容 Voice your opinions on robots and Al 主题语境：人与社会 主题群：科学与技术 子主题：人工智能的应用 语篇类型：听力、图片、文字 文本分析：本节课为听说课，学习内容为一段主持人和科幻作品专家就机器人的相关问题的采访的录音。活动设置为首先是看图讨论机器人能做哪些工作、机器人的优缺点及学生希望机器人或人工智能能做哪种工作；然后，听录音厘清访谈内容的顺序；接着，再次听录音关注话语标记，梳理对话的逻辑顺序，关注访谈节目的语言特征等；最后，讨论对机器人及“机器人三定律”的观点、态度等。从语言运用和对话交际策略来看，主持人运用了转换话题的技巧。因此，教材设计了“听取话语标记”的听力策略，提示学生在语言分析与运用时能注意关注、理解话语标记的不同功能，提升逻辑思维和语言的理解与表达能力。 课时目标 学完本课后，学生能够： 1．根据给定的图片和文字做出预测。 2．根据既有知识，表达对机器人和人工智能的看法。 3．通过使用正确的话语标记来组织语言。 4．反思未来科学的发展和人类的命运。 重点难点 重点 1．能够预测对话的内容。 2．学习相关未来技术发展观点的表达。 难点 鼓励学生对机器人和人工智能的发展发表意见。 教学准备 教师准备 相关视频和听力材料。 学生准备 复习本单元相关词汇。 精彩课堂 Step I 学习理解 活动一：感知与注意 1. Look and discuss. Ask students to look at the pictures in Activity 1 and discuss the question in pairs. ·What jobs are these robots doing? (Tell the pros and cons of robots doing these jobs.) Suggested answer: ·Left: Two robots are serving food at a café. Pros: May be cheaper and faster. Cons:Communication difficulties; No human touch. Top centre: A robot is playing the piano. Pros: The robot can play anything perfectly. Cons: No creativity or emotion involved. Bottom centre: A robotic arm works at a factory. Pros: Simple, repetitive tasks are done at higher speeds more cheaply and accurately. Cons:Humans end up out of work; No added skill or creativity. Top right: A robot band is performing. Pros: More live music will be available more cheaply; Playlists will be limitless. Cons: It really isn't live music; It is more like listening to a record,without any of the excitement and emotion of watching humans perform. Bottom right: Several robotsare playing soccer. Pros: It promotes learning and enjoyment of AI and robotics to a wider audience. Cons: The robot players don't even know they are in a contest and have no desire to win or lose, so there is no emotional content to the match; No physical skill or talent is involved either. 【设计意图】通过欣赏图片，引入主题，激活学生对机器人和人工智能的已有认识，让学生各抒己见，自由发言讨论机器人给人类生活带来的利与弊。 2.Watch and answer. Ask students to watch a video about Sophia-Hanson Robotics' most advanced human-like robot and answerthe following questions. ·What impressed you most in the video? ·What kinds of robots or AI developments do you hope for? Suggested answers: ·The robot looks almost human. She can communicate with people without any barrier, and she can even imitate human feelings. It is amazing! ·I hope for an educating robot because I can ask any questions when I have trouble in learning. 【设计意图】通过观看首个机器人公民索菲亚的相关视频，让学生结合生活认知，讨论机器人和人工智能在现实中的应用，加深学生对主题的理解。 活动二：获取与梳理 1.Listen and order. Ask students to listen to an interview and put the statements in the correct order.(Activity 2) 【设计意图】播放录音，让学生听采访，并对采访内容进行排序，这个过程有助于提高学生听力理解的能力，帮助学生获取更多关于机器人和人工智能的信息。 2. Listen for discourse markers.(Activity 3) (1)Go through the strategy with students and make sure they understand its meaning. (2)Ask students to listen to the interview again and write down the discourse markers that they hear. Have them make a note of how each discourse marker is used in the interview. Then ask them to compare their answers wvith a partner. Suggested answers: just now; so; well; but; however; above all 【设计意图】首先，通过学习话语标记词，掌握听力策略。接着，引导学生专注听录音，记录对话的关键信息和对话中出现的话语标记词，梳理对话的逻辑顺序，听完互查笔记并整理笔记要点，提升学生的听力能力。 活动三：概括与整合 Ask students to discuss the following question. ·What discourse markers do you often use? What are their functions? Suggested answers: Discourse marker Function now, so,right, in general, to sum up, for a start,... to start or end conversations what's more, well, but, however,anyway,... to change topics first (of all),above all,next,... to order or sequence sure,good, quite, wonderful, exactly, absolutely,certainly,definitely, I see, (all) right, That's great/interesting/amazing/awful,... to show interest/surprise/sympathy well, in other words, the thing is, I mean, you know what I mean, what I mean is,... to rephrase or change what we say just now,you know, see,you see, the thing is,... to mark the old, shared, or expected knowledge and new knowledge honestly,basically, predictably, no doubt, to tell you the truth, I think, I'm afraid, of course I must admit,if you ask me, I must say,... to mark attitude or point of view in speaking or writing Discourse marker Function like,just, maybe, apparently, sort of, kind of, perhaps,roughly, arguably, presumably,... not to sound too direct or forceful 【设计意图】让学生总结、记录话语标记词及其功能，引导学生利用笔记要点尝试去回顾听力文本的访谈内容，并且留意对话中话语标记词的使用，为合理运用奠定基础。 Step II 应用实践 活动四：描述与阐释 1. Ask students to think about these questions and answer them. ·What do you know about robot technology? What can robots do? ·What benefits do you think robots or AI will bring? Do you think they will cause problems as well? Suggested answers: ·Robot technology has its pros and cons. It can bring great convenience to human beings together with some scientific or moral problems. A robot is a machine that can do a task according to computer programmes or through the use of some kind of controls. ·The main benefits are that they can do some kinds of work more quickly,better, and cheaper than humans, and that they can take the place of humans when no humans are available or when humans cannot do the work. They can cause problems, however. First, what happens if they no longer serve people or stop following orders? Second, there is the possibility that at some point we will have difficulty determining what constitutes a living being and what constitutes a machine. 2. Ask students to brainstorm. ·Do you know anything about Isaac Asimov and his famous Three Laws of Robotics?What do you think of these laws? Suggested answer: 【设计意图】让学生展开小组讨论与头脑风暴，相互介绍自己了解的不同类型的机器人及其所涉及的技术，表达个人对机器人和人工智能发展给人们生活带来的利弊的观点，提高表达能力。 活动五：内化与运用 1. In groups, ask students to discuss what the expert thinks of the questions and exchange their own views. Tell them that they may use the following expressions to help them.(Activity 4) Changing the topic Oh,by the way,... Oh,I remember,... I nearly forgot!... What I meant to tell/ask you is... ..., but (perhaps) that's beside the point. That reminds me of... The next item on the agenda is... I think we ought to move on to... On the one hand...On the other hand... Oh, there was something I meant to tell you. Could I change the subject? 2. Ask students to fill in the blanks to complete the passage. Hollywood's theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots ① (be) just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility ② artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener， who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论），③ (put) it this way: "If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere（干预），we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a ④ (logic) consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire ⑤ (secure)success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines ⑥ objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The ⑦ (possible) of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue ⑧ we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them ⑨ (affect)the real world. Unfortunately,that plan seems ⑩ (likely) to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI⑪ (seem) to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long ⑫ they work in teams-yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just "switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are toostupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.⑬ September 11,1933,famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence. Suggested answers: ①is ②that ③put ④logical ⑤to secure ⑥whose ⑦possibility⑧that ⑨to affect ⑩unlikely ⑪seems ⑫as ⑬On ⑭who 3. Ask students to answer the questions according to the passage above. ·How do you understand Norbert Wiener's words? Do you agree with him? ·What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?What do you think? 【设计意图】鼓励学生就机器人和人工智能发展的利弊问题表达自己的观点，同时注意提醒学生用上话语标记词。通过阅读高考相关话题的语篇，启发学生对话题的思考，加深对单元主题的理解与认知。 Step III 迁移创新 活动六：想象与创造 Writing. 假如你是李华，你的好朋友John发来电子邮件询问你公司最新研制的家用机器人的相关情况，请根据下面提示，给他回复一封电子邮件。内容包括： （1）可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整； （2）可以陪老人聊天、下国际象棋、锻炼身体等； （3）能及时处理紧急情况，例如：在老人突然病倒时及时拨打急救电话等。 注意： （1）词数80左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）电子邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear John, I'm glad that you're interested in the household robot developed by our company. Suggested answer: Dear John, I'm glad that you're interested in the household robot developed by our company. The robot is so advanced that it can cook meals at a fixed time, which can be adjusted according to individual needs. In addition, it can also accompany the elderly in having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise. Moreover, it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill suddenly, the robot will call emergency services for help. All in all, AI is changing the world as well as our life. Look forward to your earliest reply. Yours, Li Hua 【设计意图】鼓励学生运用所学知识内容组织文字语言，提升语言表达能力，注重听说读写的结合。 板书设计 Unit 1 Science Fiction Period IV Using Language (1) Voice your opinions on robots and Al Changing the topic Oh,by the way,.. Oh,I remember,.. I nearly forgot!.. What I meant to tell/ask you is.. ...,but(perhaps)that's beside the point. That reminds me of... The next item on the agenda is.. I think we ought to move on to... On the one hand...On the other hand... Oh,there was something I meant to tell you. Could I change the subject? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$