内容正文:
专题十 特殊句式
考点一 强调句
1.陈述句式:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.(强调人时可用that或who,强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他?
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗?
2.not...until...的强调句:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他.(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿,我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美,还因为它的天气。
名师点津
(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,要用陈述句语序。
I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.
我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。
(2)强调谓语动词,用do/does/did+动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句,并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
考点二 倒装句
完全
倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here,there,now,then,up,down,away,off,in,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语为名词时
部分
倒装
否定副词(never,neither,nor,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time,by no means,on no condition,in no case等)置于句首时
only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句,且置于句首时
“so/neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也是如此/也不……”
部分
倒装
“Not only+部分倒装,but also...”表示“不仅……而且……”
not until...置于句首时,主句需部分倒装
So+adj./adv.+部分倒装+that.../Such(a/an)+adj.+n.+部分倒装+that...表示“如此……以至于……”
Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期,他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。
We laugh at jokes,but seldom do we think about how they work.我们听到笑话时会笑,却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门,一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。
考点三 其他特殊句式
(一)省略
1.状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,构成下列结构:连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Children,when accompanied by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。
2.不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语),只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect,hope,intend,mean,try,want,wish等词后。
Firstly,people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.
首先,当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
(2)but用作介词,意为“除……之外”时,前面有实义动词do,后接不定式时,要省略to;但前面没有实义动词do时,后接不定式时,不能省略to。
If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作,除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
名师点津
特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理):
if so 如果这样的话
if not 并非如此
if ever 如果曾经有的话(强调频度)
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话(强调数量)
(二)感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句
(1)What+a/an+(adj.)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(2)What+(adj.)+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
2.how引导的感叹句
(1)How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
(2)How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
(3)How+主语+谓语!
What a strange plant(=How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊!我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
(三)祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
(四)there be句型
1.there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
2.there be句型的常考句型
There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。
There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难。
There is no possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事没有可能性。
1.(2024·北京卷)And when __asked__ (ask) about his new title,he shared the secret:moderation (适度).
解析:考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
2.Only when your identity has been checked,will you__be__allowed__(allow)in.
解析:句意:只有当你的身份被检查过之后,你才能进去。“only+状语从句”开头的句子,主句用部分倒装,把will放到了主语you之前。allow与you之间是被动关系,故填be allowed。
3.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they__quarreled__(quarrel) with each other.
解析:句意:这对老夫妇结婚40年了,从来没有争吵过。设空处前有否定意义的词:never once。后面要用部分倒装。正常语序为they have never once quarreled with each other。
4.It is these poisonous products__that__can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles.
解析:句意:正是这些有毒的产品会导致流感的症状,比如头痛和肌肉疼痛。考查强调句式,被强调部分是句子的主语these poisonous products,故填that。
5.It was not until near the end of the letter __that__she mentioned her own plan.
解析:句意:直到接近信的末尾,她才提到她自己的计划。本句是一个强调句式,被强调部分是not until near the end of the letter,故填that。
6.Was it because Jack came late for school __that__ Mr.Smith got angry?
解析:句意:是史密斯先生因为杰克上学迟到才生气的吗?本句是强调句式的一般疑问句,被强调部分是because引导的原因状语从句。正常语序是It was because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry。
7.Is it he or you__that/who__are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
解析:句意:是他还是你负责这项工作,并应准时完成?本句为强调句型的一般疑问句。强调句型的结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。因本句强调句子的主语且指人,故填who或that。
8.__What__fun it is to have a cold drink after an exciting game!
解析:句意:在一场激动人心的比赛后喝一杯冷饮是多么有趣啊!分析句子结构可知该句为感叹句,此处属于“What+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”结构,故用What。
9.It isn't what you have or who you are or where you are or what you are doing __that__ makes you happy or unhappy.
解析:句意为:并不是你拥有什么,你是谁,你在哪或者你正在做什么使你快乐或不快乐。分析句子结构,本句去掉It is和设空处后,句子结构及其意义仍然完整,应为强调句,对主语从句进行强调,故填that。
10.__What__ fun it is having a cold drink after an exciting game!
解析:句意为:在一场精彩的比赛后,喝一杯冷饮是多么高兴啊!根据句末的感叹号和句子结构可知,该句为感叹句。fun为不可数名词,故该感叹句结构为“What+(adj.+)不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。故填What。
11.While __studying__ (study) at the University of Cambridge, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease at the age of 21.
解析:句意为:在剑桥大学学习期间,他在21岁时被诊断出患有运动神经元疾病。分析句子结构可知,本题考查状语从句的省略,从句中study的逻辑主语he与主句主语一致,且逻辑主语he和study之间为主动关系,可省略he was,从句还原后为While he was studying...。故填studying。
12.So difficult __did__ he feel it to make such great progress without the help of his deskmate that he was close to giving up.
解析:句意为:没有同桌的帮助,他觉得他取得如此大的进步太难了,以至于他几乎要放弃了。在“so+adj./adv....that...”句型中,so连同它所修饰的成分位于句首时,句子使用部分倒装结构。根据句意可知此句描述过去发生的事情,故填did。
13.If you happen to be in China on the day of Winter Solstice, go to the restaurant early,__or/otherwise__ there will be no dumplings left.
解析:句意为:如果冬至那天你正好在中国,早点去餐厅,否则就没有剩下的饺子了。根据句子结构以及句意可知,设空处前一分句为祈使句,且设空处前后分句之间表转折关系,意为“否则”,应用“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”结构,故填or/otherwise。
一、熟记句型结构,轻松确定答案
常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构,比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”,其判断方法:若去掉It is/was和that/who之后,句子仍完整,则题干为强调句。
二、巧用还原法,化难为易
对于一些特殊句型来说,一般情况下,考生可以把它还原为正常句型,如把倒装语序还原为正常语序,把省略句补全等,便能降低解题难度。
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