精品解析：北京市朝阳外国语学校2024-2025学年高三上学期 8月质量检测英语试题

2024~2025学年度第一学期质量检测 朝阳外国语学校高三年级英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 注意事项： 1. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 2. 答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。 3. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时 用橡皮擦除干净。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。 第一部分：听力（共两节，20分） 第一节 听力选择 Text 1 1. What will the man probably do next? A. Tidy the kitchen. B. Throw the garbage away. C. Take the dog for a walk. Text 2 2. How does the woman probably go to work now? A. On foot. B. By car. C. By bike. Text 3 3 How much will the woman pay in total? A. $ 75. B. $ 150. C. $ 200. Text 4 4. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Family members. C. Friends. 第二节 Text 5 5. How will the speakers’ father’s birthday be celebrated? A. With a family dinner. B. With a party. C. With a visit to the theater. 6 What present will the speakers’ father get for his birthday? A. Some wine. B. Some shoes. C. Some shirts. Text 6 7. What will the man probably do next? A. Go back to class. B. Call his family. C. Talk to his teacher. 8. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a school lab. C. In a school clinic. Text 7 9. When will the woman go to dance on Saturday? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening. 10. What will the man probably do on Saturday? A. Play tennis B. Study in a library. C. Visit a friend. Text 8 11. What will the man do when he moves to Paris? A. Go to school. B. Look for a job. C. Attend a volunteer program. 12. How does the man feel in the end? A. Sad. B. Relaxed. C. Anxious. Text 9 13. What can the employees wear in the lab? A. Necklaces. B. Loose belts. C. Sports shoes. 14. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. Salaries the employees will receive. B. Rules the employees should follow. C. Work the employees will do. 第二节 听后记录信息 Text 10 How to Evaluate Your Memory (15) ______ changes in your memory ·Pay attention to your problem-solving ability. ·Keep (16) ______ of how often you forget things. Recognize problems ·Determine if you have changed your behavior. ·Recognize trouble with making (17) ______. Test your memory ·Make your own memory test. ·Take (18) ______ memory tests 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we stayed there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___1___ its way down the hill toward us. It was neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice ___2___ for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___3___ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any ___4___ we thought. But we were thank for his kindness, so we ___5___ them. What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its ___6___. Those tomatoes had taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes look perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___7___ memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___8___ them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was perfect. It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___9___, and as close as possible to where they were ___10___. What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1 A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling 2. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture 3. A. thrilled B. moved C. worried D. bored 4. A. more B. good C. new D. easy 5. A. returned B. sold C. tried D. mixed 6. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price 7. A. vivid B. happy C. short D. vague 8. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack 9. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need 10. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Shenzhen and Hong Kong ___11___ (joint) presented drone shows (无人机表演) for the first time on Saturday ___12___ about 1,200 drones in each city lit up the night sky over Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and OCT Harbour in Shenzhen ___13___ ( celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays. During the show, the drones transformed into blooming osmanthus flowers, ___14___ (spread) best wishes for family reunions under a full moon. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “Chinese Miao Art Exhibition” ___15___ (hold) in Milan, Italy on September 24th. Guizhou’s exquisite Miao embroidery(刺绣) clothing appeared alongside international fashion brands at the 2024 Milano Fashion Week Spring/ Summer collection. It will once again shine on the international stage as a large number of representative Miao embroidery clothing and accessories ___16___ (display). C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Hangzhou, the capital city of East China’s Zheijiang province, is one of the seven ancient capitals of China. As a core city of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou ___17___ (be) one of the most prosperous cities in China for more than 1,000 years, and is home ___18___ a myriad of natural attractions and historical legacies. The West Lake is definitely a place ___19___ people can never miss when visiting Hangzhou. ___20___ (situate) in the center of the city, the lake provides convenient public transport access. The Hangzhou government also offers free public bikes for tourists to travel around the lake. The parks around the lake are all free to visit. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEVARD* PITTSBURGH,PA 15228 (412)561-4363 www.mtlebanon.org WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained. Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated. The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration. Evaluation dates and times are listed below. EVALUATIONS: Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth. A variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center. Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363. DAY EVALUATION DATES TIME EVALUATION FEE Saturday June 2,2018 12:00 p.m. $5.00 Sunday June 3,2018 12:00 p.m. $500 Monday June 4,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $500 Wednesday June 6,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00 Thursday June 7,20l8 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00 Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ. REFUND POLICY: Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See www.mtlebanon.org.for details. REGISTRATION: In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m. By Phone—Call the Ice Center at (412)561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointment Make checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards accepted QLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at (412)561-4363 LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit www.mtlebanon.org.and sign up for LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the “Cancellations” category. 21. What’s the passage mainly about? A. To introduce a skating program. B. To advertise a skating center. C. To serve as a skating assessment schedule. D. To issue a free skating notification. 22. Mary’s mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to go to the center? A. Monday 8: 30 a.m. B. Wednesday 2 p.m. C. Friday 9: 30 p.m. D. Sunday 6: 00 p.m. 23. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children. B. Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration. C. Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event. D. Evaluation registration can be done in person, by phone or on-line B In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres — was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 24. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone? A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano. 25. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes. C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes. 26. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird’s view. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Success comes to those with curiosity. B. First impression cannot always be trusted. C. Nature’s wonder is beyond imagination. D. One is never too old to learn. C As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling—what better way to break the image of 19th-century prudery (假正经)? I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter. Of course, I need to admit that my collection of’ Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraits created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend? During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were unbearably long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their uncomfortable positions. The thought of holding a fixed smile as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to consider, and so blank stare and facia expression became the norm. But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost immediately done. Genuine smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile. One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheese smile. “Nature gave us lips to hide our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian maxim, given the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of uncleanliness. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular’ pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental cleanness was not guaranteed). A toothy smile (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly educated persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a heart y laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”. 28. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ________. A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians. B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies. C. re- evaluated the Victorian’s belief of public image. D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography. 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The author’s collections mirror 19-century social conventions. B. The author’s collections show effects of different exposure times. C. The inherent social sensitiveness kept Victorians from smiling for pictures. D. Victorians’ unhealthy dental conditions kept them from smiling for pictures. 30. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs? B. Why did most Victorians look serious in photographs? C. What made photography develop in the Victorian period? D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm? D Scientific papers are the record keepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and authority of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers. Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions collaborate secretly to increase citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm (算法) to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that intentionally cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this aggressive behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles. The approach of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of bullying journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The odd part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to generate more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published. What consequences can this type of citation bring? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a standard to be targeted in this type of citation control. Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this phenomenon. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to stay clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal. 31. What can we learn about the support service consultancies? A. They recommend journals to their clients. B. They list citation patterns for their clients. C. They ask authors to include extra citations. D. They advise contributors to cite each other. 32. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ________. A. boost citation counts for certain authors B. help scholars publish articles at low cost C. instruct first- time contributors in citation D. increase the readership of new journals 33. What does the word “rampant” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. excessive B. limited C. inclusive D. manageable 34. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Take legal actions to deal with the citation control. B. Seek professional advice to make progress in research. C. Demand an apology when you are asked to edit an article. D. Reveal their misconduct if an editor wants you to cite improperly. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. ___35___ There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. ___36___ Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. ___37___ In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. ___38___ One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution - and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. ___39___ You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. A. It will do great harm to our mental health if not treated properly. B. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. C. Unfortunately, we are always unaware of the importance of the art of talk. D. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. E. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. F Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. G. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members or classmates rather than holding them back. 第四部分：书面表达（共一节，32分） （共4小题；第58至59题每小题2分，第60题3分，第61题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlock.” A recent finding doesn’t involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events. After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self - knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident” was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend’s personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. “By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person” said Meyer and her colleagues. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways. “As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.” 40. Why did Benedict become much more impatient when filming Sherlock? ________________________________________________________________ 41. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. After taking the perspective of another, the self-knowledge of volunteers was changed—their self-scores reached a higher level than before. ________________________________________________________________ 43. How would you make use of the finding? (about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024~2025学年度第一学期质量检测 朝阳外国语学校高三年级英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 注意事项： 1. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 2. 答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。 3. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时 用橡皮擦除干净。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。 第一部分：听力（共两节，20分） 第一节 听力选择 Text 1 1. What will the man probably do next? A. Tidy the kitchen. B. Throw the garbage away. C. Take the dog for a walk. Text 2 2. How does the woman probably go to work now? A. On foot. B. By car. C. By bike. Text 3 3. How much will the woman pay in total? A. $ 75. B. $ 150. C. $ 200. Text 4 4. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Family members. C. Friends. 第二节 Text 5 5. How will the speakers’ father’s birthday be celebrated? A. With a family dinner. B. With a party. C. With a visit to the theater. 6. What present will the speakers’ father get for his birthday? A Some wine. B. Some shoes. C. Some shirts. Text 6 7. What will the man probably do next? A. Go back to class. B. Call his family. C. Talk to his teacher. 8. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a school lab. C. In a school clinic. Text 7 9. When will the woman go to dance on Saturday? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening. 10. What will the man probably do on Saturday? A. Play tennis B. Study in a library. C. Visit a friend. Text 8 11. What will the man do when he moves to Paris? A. Go to school. B. Look for a job. C. Attend a volunteer program. 12. How does the man feel in the end? A. Sad. B. Relaxed. C. Anxious. Text 9 13. What can the employees wear in the lab? A. Necklaces. B. Loose belts. C. Sports shoes. 14. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. Salaries the employees will receive. B. Rules the employees should follow. C. Work the employees will do. 第二节 听后记录信息 Text 10 How to Evaluate Your Memory (15) ______ changes in your memory ·Pay attention to your problem-solving ability. ·Keep (16) ______ of how often you forget things. Recognize problems ·Determine if you have changed your behavior. ·Recognize trouble with making (17) ______. Test your memory ·Make your own memory test. ·Take (18) ______ memory tests. 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we stayed there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___1___ its way down the hill toward us. It was neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice ___2___ for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___3___ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any ___4___ we thought. But we were thank for his kindness, so we ___5___ them. What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its ___6___. Those tomatoes had taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes look perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___7___ memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___8___ them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was perfect. It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___9___, and as close as possible to where they were ___10___. What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling 2. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture 3. A. thrilled B. moved C. worried D. bored 4. A. more B. good C. new D. easy 5. A. returned B. sold C. tried D. mixed 6. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price 7. A. vivid B. happy C. short D. vague 8. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack 9. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need 10. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家在Garfagnana度假的时候，邻居Mario给他们送了一个盒子，里面是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始他们因为西红柿畸形的外观和酒的浑浊充满担心，但是尝试过后，发现味道很好，这让作者明白仅仅以外观来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making前进；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是非常友好的表示。A. choice选择；B. comment评论；C. promise承诺；D. gesture表示。根据上文“It was neighbor called Mario, coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，作为邻居的Mario特地来给作者一家东西，因此是非常友好的表示。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们很担心，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、有光泽的东西。A. thrilled激动；B. moved感动；C. worried担心；D. bored无聊。根据下文“because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket.”可知，西红柿是畸形的，不像平常在超市里买到的那样，因此作者一家会很担心。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 　　　3　　　 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. returned返回；B. sold出售；C. tried尝试；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，只从外表来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin起源；D. price价格。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. vivid生动；B. happy快乐；C. short短；D. vague模糊。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes look perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有人将会有快乐的记忆。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，以便他们就可以容易包装它们。A. clean清洁；B. check检查；C. count数数；D. pack打包。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view展览；B. on sale出售；C. in season当季；D. in need需要。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored储存；C. found发现；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Shenzhen and Hong Kong ___11___ (joint) presented drone shows (无人机表演) for the first time on Saturday ___12___ about 1,200 drones in each city lit up the night sky over Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and OCT Harbour in Shenzhen ___13___ ( celebrate) the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays. During the show, the drones transformed into blooming osmanthus flowers, ___14___ (spread) best wishes for family reunions under a full moon. 【答案】11. jointly 12. when 13. to celebrate 14. spreading 【解析】 【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了深圳和香港联合举办无人机表演的事件。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：周六，深圳和香港首次联合举办了无人机表演，两个城市约有1200架无人机照亮了香港维多利亚港和深圳华元港的夜空，以庆祝中秋节和国庆节假期。空处修饰空后的动词presented，应用副词修饰，作状语。故填jointly。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：周六，深圳和香港首次联合举办了无人机表演，两个城市约有1200架无人机照亮了香港维多利亚港和深圳华元港的夜空，以庆祝中秋节和国庆节假期。空处引导定语从句，先行词是Saturday，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。故填when。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：周六，深圳和香港首次联合举办了无人机表演，两个城市约有1200架无人机照亮了香港维多利亚港和深圳华元港的夜空，以庆祝中秋节和国庆节假期。本句已有谓语动词lit up，所以celebrate用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在表演中，无人机变成了盛开的桂花，在满月下传递着对家庭团聚的祝福。本句已有谓语动词transformed，所以spread用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the drones之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填spreading。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “Chinese Miao Art Exhibition” ___15___ (hold) in Milan, Italy on September 24th. Guizhou’s exquisite Miao embroidery(刺绣) clothing appeared alongside international fashion brands at the 2024 Milano Fashion Week Spring/ Summer collection. It will once again shine on the international stage as a large number of representative Miao embroidery clothing and accessories ___16___ (display). 【答案】15. will be held 16. are displayed 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了非物质文化遗产——苗族刺绣。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：“中国苗族艺术展”将于9月24日在意大利米兰举行。动词hold与主语The “Chinese Miao Art Exhibition”之间是被动关系，结合on September 24th与后文的will可知，该事件发生在将来，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be held。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：随着一大批具有代表性的苗绣服装和饰品的展出，它将再次在国际舞台上大放异彩。As引导时间状语从句，根据“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语a large number of representative Miao embroidery clothing and accessories与display是被动关系，且主语是复数，故填are displayed。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Hangzhou, the capital city of East China’s Zheijiang province, is one of the seven ancient capitals of China. As a core city of the Yangtze River Delta, Hangzhou ___17___ (be) one of the most prosperous cities in China for more than 1,000 years, and is home ___18___ a myriad of natural attractions and historical legacies. The West Lake is definitely a place ___19___ people can never miss when visiting Hangzhou. ___20___ (situate) in the center of the city, the lake provides convenient public transport access. The Hangzhou government also offers free public bikes for tourists to travel around the lake. The parks around the lake are all free to visit. 【答案】17. has been 18. to 19. that##which 20. Situated 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杭州城及其景点——西湖。 【17题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为长江三角洲的核心城市，杭州是中国1000多年来最繁荣的城市之一，拥有无数的自然景观和历史遗产。空格处是句子的谓语部分，由时间状语for more than 1,000 years可知，应该用现在完成时，主语是Hangzhou，助动词用has。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：作为长江三角洲的核心城市，杭州是中国1000多年来最繁荣的城市之一，拥有无数的自然景观和历史遗产。be home to“是……的所在地/栖息地”是固定搭配。故填to。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：游览杭州时，西湖绝对是一个不容错过的地方。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词a place进行限定说明，从句中缺宾语，先行词指物，所以应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词a place在从句中作宾语。故填that/which。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：湖位于城市中心，提供了方便的公共交通。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词situate“使位于；使坐落于”与逻辑主语the lake之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词situated作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Situated。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEVARD* PITTSBURGH,PA 15228 (412)561-4363 www.mtlebanon.org WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained. Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated. The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration. Evaluation dates and times are listed below EVALUATIONS: Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth. A variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center. Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363. DAY EVALUATION DATES TIME EVALUATION FEE Saturday June 2,2018 12:00 p.m. $5.00 Sunday June 3,2018 12:00 p.m. $500 Monday June 4,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $500 Wednesday June 6,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00 Thursday June 7,20l8 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00 Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ. REFUND POLICY: Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See www.mtlebanon.org.for details. REGISTRATION: In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m. By Phone—Call the Ice Center at (412)561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointment Make checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards accepted QLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at (412)561-4363 LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit www.mtlebanon.org.and sign up for LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the “Cancellations” category. 21. What’s the passage mainly about? A. To introduce a skating program. B. To advertise a skating center. C. To serve as a skating assessment schedule. D. To issue a free skating notification. 22. Mary’s mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to go to the center? A. Monday 8: 30 a.m. B. Wednesday 2 p.m. C. Friday 9: 30 p.m. D. Sunday 6: 00 p.m. 23. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children. B. Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration. C. Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event. D. Evaluation registration can be done in person by phone or on-line 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【分析】本文属于应用文，介绍专门为学前儿童开设的滑冰场以及报名条件及相关信息。 【21题详解】 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍专门为学前儿童开设的滑冰场以及报名条件及相关信息，旨在吸引大家去报名参加，为滑冰场打广告，故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.可知，去报名的话，周一到周六上午九点到晚上九点都可以，周日上午九点到下午五点半。B项在此范围内，故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events.可知，参加了LeboALERT可以获得免费的通知服务，比如取消，项目以及事件安排等，故选C。 B In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere. Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres — was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. 24. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone? A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano. 25. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes. C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes. 26. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird’s view. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Success comes to those with curiosity. B. First impression cannot always be trusted. C. Nature’s wonder is beyond imagination. D. One is never too old to learn. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。 24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.(但是克里斯蒂安森在任何地方都找不到黄石火山。)”可知，他困惑的是在黄石公园找不到火山的位置。故选D。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.(当我们谈到火山时，我们大多数人想到的是富士山或乞力马扎罗山的经典锥形，它们是岩浆喷发堆积起来时形成的。它们的形成速度非常快。1943年，一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现，他的一小块土地上冒出了烟。不到一个星期，他就成了一个500英尺高的圆锥体的主人。不到两年，它的顶峰已经达到了近1400英尺，直径超过了半英里。地球上总共有大约一万个这样的火山，除了几百个之外，其余都是死火山。然而，还有另一种不太为人所知的火山类型，它与造山活动无关。这些火山的爆发力非常强，它们爆发成一个大裂缝，留下一个巨大的洞，即破火山口。黄石公园显然属于第二种类型，但克里斯蒂安森在任何地方都找不到火山口。)”可知，本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。 【26题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.(就在这个时候，美国宇航局决定通过拍摄黄石公园照片来测试一些新的高空相机)”和划线词下文“As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres — was caldera.(克里斯蒂安森一看到照片，就意识到为什么他没能发现火山口：几乎整个公园——220万英亩——都是火山口)”可知，克里斯蒂安森在照片上看到了公园的全景，由此可推知此处意为“放大的照片”。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres — was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.(克里斯蒂安森一看到照片，就意识到为什么他没能发现火山口：几乎整个公园——220万英亩——都是火山口。爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞——太大了，从地面上的任何地方都看不见。在过去的某个时候，黄石公园一定以一种远远超过人类所知的规模的暴力爆炸了。)”可知，黄石公园本身就是火山喷发留下的一个大洞。因此推断从文章可推断大自然的奇迹超乎想象，故选C。 C As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling—what better way to break the image of 19th-century prudery (假正经)? I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter. Of course, I need to admit that my collection of’ Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraits created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend? During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were unbearably long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their uncomfortable positions. The thought of holding a fixed smile as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to consider, and so blank stare and facia expression became the norm. But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost immediately done. Genuine smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile. One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheese smile. “Nature gave us lips to hide our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian maxim, given the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of uncleanliness. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular’ pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental cleanness was not guaranteed). A toothy smile (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly educated persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a heart y laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”. 28. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ________. A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians. B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies. C. re- evaluated the Victorian’s belief of public image. D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography. 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The author’s collections mirror 19-century social conventions. B. The author’s collections show effects of different exposure times. C. The inherent social sensitiveness kept Victorians from smiling for pictures. D. Victorians’ unhealthy dental conditions kept them from smiling for pictures. 30. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs? B. Why did most Victorians look serious in photographs? C. What made photography develop in the Victorian period? D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm? 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从作者发布在推特上的维多利亚时期的人微笑的照片入手，介绍了维多利亚时期的人拍照的时候很少笑的原因——牙口不好。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter —they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh.”（我找到了不少，而且——自从我开始在推特上发布它们以来——它们引起了相当大的轰动。人们惊讶地发现，有证据表明，维多利亚时代的人喜欢笑，能够笑，也确实笑过。）可知，作者发的推特改变了现代人们对于维多利亚时期人们的印象。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular’ pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental cleanness was not guaranteed).”（在维多利亚时代，一套健康、干净、普通的“珍珠白”是非常罕见的，只有超级富豪才能拥有(即使在那个时代，牙齿卫生也得不到保证)）可知，维多利亚不健康的牙齿状况可能会让他们在照片中不再微笑，故选D。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Of course, I need to admit that my collection of’ Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraits created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?”（当然，我必须承认，我收藏的“微笑的维多利亚人”在1840年至1900年间创作的大量肖像摄影作品中只占很小的比例，其中大多数都是模特在彩色背景前悲惨而僵硬地摆着姿势，或者心不在焉地盯着中间的距离。我们如何解释这种趋势?）以及下文探索了原因可知，文章主要解释了为什么大多数维多利亚时代的人在照片中看起来严肃。所以短文的标题为“为什么大多数维多利亚时代的人在照片中看起来都很严肃?”。故选B。 D Scientific papers are the record keepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and authority of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers. Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions collaborate secretly to increase citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm (算法) to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that intentionally cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this aggressive behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles. The approach of electronic publishing and authors’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of bullying journals wasn’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The odd part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to generate more than 150 citations in the same year that it was published. What consequences can this type of citation bring? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a standard to be targeted in this type of citation control. Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this phenomenon. Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to stay clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal. 31. What can we learn about the support service consultancies? A. They recommend journals to their clients. B. They list citation patterns for their clients. C. They ask authors to include extra citations. D. They advise contributors to cite each other. 32. The function of the “milk cow” journals is to ________. A. boost citation counts for certain authors B. help scholars publish articles at low cost C. instruct first- time contributors in citation D. increase the readership of new journals 33. What does the word “rampant” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. excessive B. limited C. inclusive D. manageable 34. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Take legal actions to deal with the citation control. B. Seek professional advice to make progress in research. C. Demand an apology when you are asked to edit an article. D. Reveal their misconduct if an editor wants you to cite improperly. 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学论文引用操控现象及其影响。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Recently, another expression of this aggressive behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles. (最近，另一种表现形式出现了：所谓的支持服务咨询公司，它们为个别作者和期刊提供语言和其他编辑支持，有时会建议投稿者在其文章中增加大量引用。)”可知，支持服务咨询公司有时会建议作者在他们的文章中添加一些额外的引用。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. (这些期刊就像奶牛一样，每期的每一篇文章都可能引用一篇或一系列特定的论文。)”可知，这些“奶牛”期刊的功能是为某些作者增加引用次数。故选A。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“What consequences can this type of citation bring? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. (这种类型的引用会带来什么后果？在一个例子中，一个人作为作者、编辑和顾问，能够使用至少15种期刊作为三所大学五位科学家发表的文章的引文提供者。)”和“Scopus, a citation database, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals (Scopus是一个引用数据库，包含了大量的新“国际”期刊。)”可知，Scopus是一个引用数据库，这种问题在Scopus数据库中尤为多。rampant意为“过多的”。A. excessive过度的，过多的；B. limited有限的；C. inclusive包容广阔的，范围广泛的；D. manageable可控的。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“And for authors who wish to stay clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal. (而对于希望远离引文卡特尔活动的作者来说：当编辑、审稿人或支持服务要求你添加不恰当的参考文献时，不要屈服，并且应该向期刊举报这一请求。)”可知，作者意图告诉我们，如果编辑要求你不适当地引用，要揭露他们的不当行为。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. ___35___ There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. ___36___ Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. ___37___ In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. ___38___ One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution - and you are less likely to be annoyed. Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. ___39___ You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not. It is easier to avoid a discussion, but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome. A. It will do great harm to our mental health if not treated properly. B. In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. C. Unfortunately, we are always unaware of the importance of the art of talk. D. You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. E. This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. F. Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. G. Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members or classmates rather than holding them back. 【答案】35. G 36. D 37. F 38. B 39. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的研究表明，如果争论得到解决，相关的情绪反应会显著减少或完全消除。与朋友、家人或同学讨论问题而不是将其憋在心里可能是值得的。 【35题详解】 根据前文“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved, the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. (最近的研究表明，如果争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。)”可知，G项“Thus, it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members or classmates rather than holding them back. (因此，把问题告诉你的朋友、家人或同学，而不是把问题憋在心里)”和前文构成因果关系，并点出主题。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据前文“There is a difference between arguing and fighting. Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns. (争论和吵架是有区别的。争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。)”以及后文“Fighting, however, usually involves personal attacks, raising of voices, and storming out. (然而，吵架通常包括人身攻击、提高嗓门和冲出去。)”可知，本段主要讲述争论和吵架的区别，后文介绍了吵架，所以空处应是继续说明争论，D项“You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up (激起) anger. (你可以谦恭地参与争论，而不会激起愤怒。)”符合本段主题，承接上文，引出下文。故选D项。 【37题详解】 设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“In a study, 2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row. When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument. Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions. (在一项研究中，2000人被要求连续8天记录他们的感受和经历。当人们发生了一场他们认为已经解决的争论时，他们的情绪反应是那些避免争论的人的一半。情绪反应是消极情绪的增加或积极情绪的减少。)”可知，本段主要讲述讨论你的问题并解决它们可以改善你的情绪健康，所以F项“Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. (讨论你的问题并解决它们，而不是把它们塞满，可以改善你的情绪健康。)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选F项。 【38题详解】 根据后文“One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument. This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution - and you are less likely to be annoyed. (一天后，与那些避免争吵的人相比，那些解决了争吵的人的负面情绪并没有增加。这意味着解决一场争论会让你觉得你已经达到了解决问题的状态，而且你不太可能被惹恼)”可知，此处是在讲述解决一场争吵能让你的负面情绪减半，所以B项“In other words, resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half. (换句话说，解决一场争吵能让你的负面情绪减半。)”是对前文的另一种解释，并引出下文。故选B项。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument. (此外，年龄越大，你越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。)”可知，本段讲述年龄越大越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法，所以E项“This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities. (这可能是因为更多的生活经验通常会导致更明确的优先事项。)”是对前句的解释，符合本段主题。故选E项。 第四部分：书面表达（共一节，32分） （共4小题；第58至59题每小题2分，第60题3分，第61题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlock.” A recent finding doesn’t involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events. After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self - knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident” was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend’s personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. “By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person” said Meyer and her colleagues. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways. “As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.” 40. Why did Benedict become much more impatient when filming Sherlock? ________________________________________________________________ 41. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. After taking the perspective of another, the self-knowledge of volunteers was changed—their self-scores reached a higher level than before. ________________________________________________________________ 43. How would you make use of the finding? (about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because he experience a blending of his real self with his assumed characters. 41. It means that another person's characteristic will influence your own even when spending some time thinking about that person. 42. After taking the perspective of another, the self-knowledge of volunteers was changed - their self scores reached a higher level than before. According to the finding, the volunteers’ self-scores would be more similar to those whose perspective they took. So the self-scores would not necessarily be higher. They could also be lower. 43. I would make use of the finding by spending time with or thinking about people who have qualities I admire and wish to develop in myself, thereby positively influencing my own sense of self. 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章解释了一项心理学研究的结果，即人们的自我认知如何受到思考他人影响的变化，并探讨了这一现象的意义。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlock.” (有确凿的证据表明，演员会将真实的自己与他们所扮演的角色融合在一起。例如，本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇说：“我妈妈说我在拍摄《神探夏洛克》时对她更不耐烦。”)”可知，Benedict在拍摄《神探夏洛克》时变得更加不耐烦是因为他真实的自我与他扮演的角色之间产生了混合。故答案为：Because he experienced a blending of his real self with his assumed characters. 【41题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据文章第二段中“Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events. (在几项研究中，这些研究人员要求志愿者首先评价自己的个性、记忆力或身体特征，然后从另一个人的角度来执行同样的任务。例如，他们可能会对各种个人记忆的情绪进行评分，然后对朋友或亲戚如何经历同样的事件进行评分。)”和第三段“After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self- knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term “confident” was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend’s personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. (在从另一个人的角度出发后，志愿者们再次给自己打分：一致的发现是，他们的自我认知现在发生了变化——他们的自我评分变得更接近于他们给别人的评分。例如，如果他们一开始说“自信”这个词与自己的关系一般，然后认为这个词与朋友的性格有很强的关系，当他们重新给自己打分时，他们现在倾向于认为自己更自信了。)”可知，思考另一个人会影响并改变我们的自我认知。所以该句意为“即使花一些时间思考另一个人，他的性格也会影响你自己的性格。”故答案为：It means that another person's characteristic will influence your own even when spending some time thinking about that person. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中“After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self- knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else. (在从另一个人的角度出发后，志愿者们再次给自己打分：一致的发现是，他们的自我认知现在发生了变化——他们的自我评分变得更接近于他们给别人的评分。)”可知，根据这一发现，志愿者的自我评分与他们所持观点的人更相似，因此自我评分不一定更高，也可能更低。故答案为：After taking the perspective of another, the self-knowledge of volunteers was changed—— their self scores reached a higher level than before. According to the finding, the volunteers’ self-scores would be more similar to those whose perspective they took. So the self-scores would not necessarily be higher. They could also be lower. 【43题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答会如何利用这一发现，答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我会利用这一发现，花时间与那些有我钦佩的品质并希望在自己身上发展的人相处或思考，从而积极影响我自己的自我意识。故答案为：I would make use of the finding by spending time with or thinking about people who have qualities I admire and wish to develop in myself, thereby positively influencing my own sense of self. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$