北京大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学检测英语试卷

2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 北大附中预科部2025一2026学年度阶段练习 英语 2025.8 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上 作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 One day,I saw Kyle walking home from school.He came out of the classroom building with a thick stack of books held tight in his arms.It looked like he was carrying all of his books.I 1 to myself,"Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday?He must really be a nerd."I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking,I saw a bunch of kids running toward him,knocking all his books out of his 2 and tripping him so he landed in the dirt.His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.He looked up,and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. My heart went out to him.So I ran over to him,and as he crawled around 3 his glasses, I saw tears in his eyes.As I handed him his glasses,I said,"Those guys are mean."He looked at me and smiled 4 Over the next years,Kyle and I became friends.On graduation day,Kyle was elected to5 a graduation speech.He cleared his throat and began:"Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you through 6 years.I'll tell you a story."I looked at my friend with 7 as he told the story of the day we first connected.He had planned to drop out of school over the weekend.He talked of how he had cleaned out his8 and was carrying his stuff home.He looked directly at me and gave me a smile."Thankfully,my friend saved me from doing the unspeakable." As this boy revealed his 9 moment,I saw his mom and dad giving me that same grateful smile.Not until that moment did I realize its depth.Never 10 the power of your actions.With one small gesture,you can change a person's life. 1.A.explained B. shouted C.thought D announced 2.A.arms B.backpack C.shelf D. shoulders 3.A.digging out B.picking up C.looking for D. pulling out 4.A.gratefully B. proudly C.coldly D. hesitantly 5.A.polish B.deliver C.recommend D. witness 6.A.smooth B.tough C. critical D. regular 7. A.trust B.pride C. pressure D.disbelief 8.A.cupboard B.locker C. wallet D. garage 9.A.darkest B. c111o11S C.bravest D shameful 10.A.measure B. exaggerate C.waste D.underestimate 高三年级（英语)第1页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A When the girls on the school softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice,Taylor watched her teammate Paris play.Suddenly,Paris 11(fall)to the ground with the eyes rolling back.Then the softball coach shouted out,"Does anyone know CPR?"To do CPR,you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.12 oxygen,the brain would be damaged quickly.Amazingly,Taylor 13 (take)a CPR course the day before so she ran to Paris immediately and began doing CPR.Luckily, the girl was saved. 心 The Jiangsu City Super League also called the "Suchao"attracts thousands of players and fans every year.Many matches 14(hold)on weekends,providing exciting entertainment for families and friends who gather to cheer for their favorite teams.Having grown rapidly in recent years,the league now includes over 100 teams 15 (compete)in various divisions. Broadcast online and covered by local media,the League helps discover talented players who may later join professional clubs.With its rapid 16(grow),it has become an important part of Jiangsu's football culture. 0 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence.These bad habits,if 17 (leave)unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse,18,most experts believe,can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems.To change these bad habits is never easy.In many ways,our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by 19(we).We make a choice to do something,and then repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change.The good news is that we can change it,if we understand 20 habits work. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分) 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上 将该项涂黑。 高三年级（英语)第2页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 Mysterious.Brilliant.Powerful.These words describe the Inca.Every year,visitors rush to the Incan citadel (of Machu Picchu(meaning "the ancient peak in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn't cheap and easy.Here's how to expertly navigate your way to Peru's most famous destination. Hiking to Machu Picchu The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded.Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort(though all require camping). For those who would like a less crowded experience,there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives,one of which is around Salkantay Mountain,one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes.Several tour companies offer the treks,but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek,which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu. Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension.This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance. Tips for Visiting Getting acclimated:Where you're coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first,and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu.Meanwhile,avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air. Entrance tickets:If you're traveling independently,you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you'll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site.If you book a tour package through a travel agency,all services should be included.Moreover,all entry tickets are timed,allowing entrance on the hour,and you're allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours. *Bring:Water and a rain jacket,even ifit looks like a beautiful sunny day.And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer over Peru is compromised.That,combined with the elevation,makes the sun extremely strong,so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen. Don't bring:Drones,walking sticks,trekking poles or umbrellas since they're all prohibited at Machu Picchu.Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends. 21.Which of the following hiking options is recommended for those who want to avoid crowds? A.Hiking along the Inca Trail. B.Trekking around Salkantay Mountain. C.The express Salkantay trek offered by UNESCO D.The Choquequirao Trek with a Machu Picchu extension 高三年级（英语)第3页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 22.What can be inferred from the passage about the Choquequirao Trek? A.It is closed throughout the year for maintenance. B.It is more popular than the Salkantay Mountain trek C.Travelers on this trek can explore an archaeological site D.It is the most challenging hiking route to Machu Picchu 23.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To compare different ways of traveling to Machu Picchu. B.To emphasize the importance of protecting Machu Picchu. C.To introduce the history and culture of the Inca civilization. D.To provide a comprehensive guide on how to travel to Machu Picchu. B One day this early summer,Richard Browning headed to his farmyard in the English countryside.He attached a kerosene-fueled micro gas turbine(撚气涡轮)-effectively a small version of a plane engine-to each of his arms and legs.Then he carefully pressed the trigger in his right hand. For months Browning had been working on this secret project.Now the moment of truth had arrived.In the modest surroundings of the UK countryside,Wiltshire's Iron Man"took to the sky. Sort of. Browning's first lift-off was short and clumsy.For a few seconds,he hovered half a metre off the ground,landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him.But it was, unmistakably,flight."That was the very first moment we properly proved this would work,"he says.That was it.” Two and a half years ago,38-year-old Browning decided he wanted to fly.Human-powered flight was,he knew,"a very strange field."Nonetheless,it fascinated him.He tried gliding with wings and electric fan motors,working weekends and evenings.Then he had an inspiration-what if he fastened a jet engine to his body and built a real-life version of Tony Stark's iconic suit? Nine months since his first test flight and Browning's intuition has paid off.His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with a combined thrust (of 130 kilograms.His feet are covered by ultra-light snake-bite resistant walking boots imported from the US.And his flights, from a few seconds,now last as long as twelve minutes. The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour,although Browning hasn't tested it to anywhere near full capacity.It is constantly improving.Working with a company that had created augmented reality(增强现实)swimming goggles,.Browning has developed a holographic lens "genuinely like a heads-up display fighter system."With this in place,he'll be able to monitor his fuel levels.He's full of plans for future enhancements:automated balancing systems,3D-printed arm mounts;flexible LCD screens "so it will go invisible at the touch of a button." Browning says the suit,which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor,is stable and simple to control.But it is an augmentation of human ability,not a personal helicopter. "To me,that makes a lot of sense of where I've gone with my career and my life,"says Browning.Fulfilling an ancient dream:a fragile human body,rising slowly into the air. 高三年级（英语)第4页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 24.What did Browning do in his first lift-off? A.He glided with wings. B.He wore Tony Stark's suit. C.He met technical problems D.He made an awkward landing. 25.What can we know about Browning's suit? A.It contains six micro gas turbines B.It is ultra-light snake-bite resistant. C.It is attached to electric fan motors D.It has automated balancing systems 26.According to the passage,which words can best describe Richard Browning? A.Curious and generous. B.Ambitious and faithful. C.Passionate and creative. D.Cooperative and honest. C On a sunny day,biologists David Duffy and Jessica Farrell head out on a boat along the Matanzas River to catalog the area's aquatic life.Although the muddy waters obscure most signs of life,a pod of dolphins appears.Some toss fish in the air,while others pass by as underwater shadows.But even rarer species leave behind molecular traces of their presence-DNA. All living beings shed DNA,whether from skin,hair,or pollen.This environmental DNA (eDNA)is changing how scientists study biodiversity and conservation.Traditionally,monitoring required physical presence-perhaps a watchful observer or motion-sensitive cameras.But eDNA acts like a footprint,lasting longer than the animal or plant itself.This makes it especially useful for tracking biodiversity,as it can reveal species thought to be extinct or identify invasive ones. However,interpreting eDNA is not without challenges. In the Matanzas River,it's easy to guess that dolphin DNA will be in the samples,considering the large number of dolphins present.However,unlike a time-stamped photo from a camera trap, eDNA doesn't reveal when an animal left its genetic trace.Studies show eDNA can persist in water for hours to weeks,depending on environmental factors.If eDNA is inconsistent in samples taken on the same day or over several days,it may indicate that the animal has moved on or the DNA came from another location. The longevity of eDNA in water is affected by variables like temperature,which accelerates DNA decay above 20C,and water chemistry.For example,eDNA behaves differently in fast-moving glacier-fed rivers compared to slow-moving rivers like the Amazon.More global studies are needed to understand these variations fully. One potential benefit of eDNA's movement is its accumulation in bodies of water like lakes, which may act as "biodiversity accumulators."A single lake could store DNA from all life in an entire watershed.To improve accuracy,researchers take multiple samples,and new methods using RNA,DNA's molecular cousin,could help pinpoint organisms more recently present in an area. RNA,unlike DNA,decays faster,providing a clearer indication that an animal was recently in an area.RNA from an organism breaks down within three to five hours,but it may remain detectable for up to 72 hours.This provides a shorter detection window than DNA but allows for more precise tracking.Additionally,RNA can offer unique ecological insights,such as determining an organism's sex,age,or environmental stress.It can even distinguish between living and dead 高三年级（英语)第5页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 organisms. Although samples currently need to be sent to the lab for analysis,emerging technologies could make field analysis possible.Using CRISPR technology,scientists are working on rapid field tests that can detect DNA in water within an hour.These tests,known as SHERLOCK,have already been used to scan estuaries for endangered fish species.Such real-time sampling could guide where more thorough analysis is needed,conserving resources and improving efficiency. As species continue to decline or go extinct due to climate change and other human pressures,a global approach to cataloging biodiversity becomes more crucial."Not having a good understanding of biodiversity puts us in a very bad position of understanding what we are losing," says ecologist Cristescu. 27.Why is eDNA more advantageous than traditional monitoring methods? A.It reduces workload and is more cost-effective. B.It provides real-time information about animals. C.It distinguishes between living and dead species D.It captures a wider range of species information. 28.Which of the following best reflects a challenge in eDNA research? A.The eDNA of different animals can accumulate in a single lake. B.The eDNA detection results are affected by environmental factors. C.The eDNA analysis provides a shorter detection window than RNA. D The eDNA analysis works differently for slow-moving water bodies. 29.What can best describe the author's attitude toward the future of field-ready technologies like SHERLOCK? A.Pessimistic.B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent. 30.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A.Riverside Ecology:Why eDNA Helps to Track Traces in the Field B.From Footprints to Fingerprints:Biodiversity Monitoring Reshaped C.The Biolaboratory's Future:The Inevitable Rise of eDNA Technologies D.Vanishing Species:Conservation of Biodiversity Despite Human Activity D "Assume you are wrong."The advice came from Brian Nosek,a psychology professor,who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek's advice,we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself.You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school,there is no single scientific method.Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change,so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting.Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers.Few people like having the value of their life's work called into question.On the other side,few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways.So,part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of 高三年级（英语)第6页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 science itself,so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process,and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique.Assuming you are right might be a motivating force,sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires.But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks.Beginning,instead,from the assumption you are wrong,a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong-a goal that your critic probably shares. One concern about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists.Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right.Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public.Without an appreciation for how science works,it's easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science,when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world.Science is reliable because it responds to evidence:as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves,our theories can and should change,too. Despite these worries,I like Nosek's suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better.It also builds in a sense of community-we're all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately,this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis:that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better,and ultimately support better science and even,perhaps, better decisions in life.I don't know if that's true.In fact,I should probably assume that it's wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools,I hope we can get it less wrong,together. 31.What is the function of Paragraph 3 in the passage? A.To introduce the concept ofintellectual modesty. B.To criticize the conservative mindset of scientists. C.To illustrate the challenges scientific community faces. D.To explain why methodological reformers need self-reflection. 32.What does the word "demoralizing"underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A.Worrying.B.Confusing C.Destructive. D.Discouraging. 33.What will the author probably agree with? A.Nosek's strategy is among the best methodological tools B.Nosek's strategy can increase the motivation of scientists C.The public should not be informed of scientific uncertainty. D.Intellectual modesty might drive collective progress in science. 34.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To show self-reflection is also part of science. B.To suggest a humble attitude in doing science. C.To explain why the public misunderstands science D.To argue against adopting a single method in science 高三年级（英语)第7页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days,yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction.35 By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in,we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable We can divide daily activities into four categories:Pleasing,Living,Agonizing,and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort,high-reward moments.They require little planning or time-like taking a walk in nature,listening to a favorite playlist,or calling a friend just to say hello. 36 In reality,the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller,everyday pleasures. 37 They may feel challenging at first,but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning.This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project.Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities,but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences,Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain (F)your energy and bring little enjoyment.They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations,or chores you would avoid if given the choice.38 The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them,making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction.These include mindless scrolling through social media,watching mediocre entertainment,or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency.In small doses ()such activities can be harmless ways to relax. 39 Once you've reflected on how you spend your time,aim for one small shift each day.Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do moreperhaps a short walk,trying something new,or working on a project aligned with your values.Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A.Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B.The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C.Some lift us instantly,others challenge us,while some tire us out unnoticed. D.These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E.Unlike Pleasing activities,Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention F.But over time,they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G.While some are unavoidable,many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分) 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 高三年级（英语)第8页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 Learning favoritism The human brain tends to play favorites.Its prejudices,well demonstrated by psychological studies,include the "halo effect":if we like a certain quality in a person,we're more likely to view their unrelated traits positively as well.There's also "affinity bias",which refers to how we are attracted to people with backgrounds or characteristics similar to our own. Now a study shows how cognitive biases could profoundly affect our most basic learning and memory processes."What we show is not that people are biased;that we already kind of know," says Ines Bramao,a psychologist at Sweden's Lund University and co-author of the new study, published in Conmnmications Psychology."We give an explanation of why people are biased.The key may be that we are more likely to expand our knowledge based on information provided by people we like.”Such bias could help explain how people develop strongly polarized(两极分化的) views. Study participants first chose "teammates"and "opponents"from among images of random faces based on their like or dislike of the faces.Then they created imaginary backstories for each chosen face,giving characteristics and identities they liked to teammates and ones they disliked to opponents. Next,participants viewed images of each face set in a landscape or other background alongside a common household object,as if the person were "showing"the participant the object.Later,the participants tried to match up objects that had shared the same background-this time,without the faces displayed.This tested their ability to learn new information through a process called memory integration:linking memories of multiple past events to make new inferences.The participants did significantly better when linking objects that had initially been "presented"by an individual they liked,which the researchers say indicates a fundamental bias in how we associate previously learned information with a new,partially related event. The study authors suggest this finding helps to show how people's opinions can become intensely polarized and increasingly extreme.If we tend to build understanding based mostly on what we leam from a limited set of liked individuals-largely because of their similarities to us-these beliefs can remain unchallenged,leading to narrowing viewpoints. Psychologist Charles Stone of the City University of New York says that this study is just the beginning and that further research could move beyond images to test learning with real-world events."This could have important implications for how people make inferences and connect dots about their beliefs that then match their worldviews,"he says."There's a lot of potential moving fo1ward.” 40.What are the prejudices mentioned in the passage? 高三年级（英语)第9页共10页 2026届高三英语 命题人：高三英语组全体教师 审核人：李琳琳、宋妹莹 41.Why are people cognitively biased according to the study? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. The study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like to challenge their narrowing viewpoints. 43.What method(s)can you adopt to overcome the cognitive bias in your daily life? 第二节(20分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期，你校英国外教m做了关于口语训练方法的讲 座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并简述收获： 2.说明你口语练习中仍存在的困惑并寻求帮助。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, Yours, LiHua 高三年级（英语）第10页共10页北大附中预科部2025一2026学年度阶段练习参考答案 英语 2025.8 答案 完形填空 1-5.CACAB 6-10.BDBAD 语法填空 11.fell 12.Without 13.took/had taken 14.are held 15.competing 16.growth 17. left 18.which 19.ourselves 20.how 阅读理解 A篇21-23.BCD B篇24-26.DAC C篇27-30.DBCB D篇31-34.CDDB 七选五 35-39.CDAGF 阅读表达 40.Halo effect'”and“affinity bias”. 41.Because people are more likely to expand their knowledge based on information provided by those they like. 42.The study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like to challenge their narrowing viewpoints. According to the passage,the study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like,which leaves their beliefs unchallenged and leads to narrowing viewpoints. 43. Possible version1(回答2个methods) We cannot overcome a bias we don't know exists.Thus,after making a judgment or forming an opinion,identify our bias by asking ourselves "why"to actively reflect on our thinking.Additionally,remove the impulse and emotion from judgments.This helps us evaluate the content itself,not our affinity for the speakers. Possible version2(回答1个method) One highly effective method is to actively seek out opposing viewpoints,rather than only consuming content that confirms what we already think.This helps us weigh information more objectively,thereby reducing bias.After practicing this regularly, seeking diverse perspectives will become a natural part of the thinking process, helping us make more rational decisions. 作文 Possible version 1【语言基础版】 Dear Jim, I'm Li Hua,a senior three student from Hongxing Middle School.I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for your recent lecture on oral English training methods. Your lecture was extremely engaging and informative.I've learned various practical techniques,like the importance of imitation and the value of daily practice. These tips have inspired me to practice more regularly and I've noticed a slight improvement in my pronunciation. However,I still face some challenges.I often feel nervous when speaking English, which leads to frequent pauses and mistakes.Also,I'm not sure how to expand my vocabulary in a short time for more fluent communication.Could you offer me some advice?Your guidance would be of great help. Thank you again for your wonderful lecture!Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Possible version2【语言高阶版】 Dear Jim, I'm Li Hua,a senior three student from Hongxing Middle School.I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for your enlightening lecture on oral training methods. Your innovative techniques,especially the "shadowing"exercise and daily self- recording tips,have inspired me to practice more actively.I now realize the importance of mimicking natural rhythms and reflecting on my own speech patterns. However,I still struggle with two challenges.First,despite memorizing vocabulary,I often freeze when organizing thoughts into fluent sentences during conversations.Second,I'm unsure how to self-correct pronunciation errors effectively without immediate feedback.Could you kindly recommend specific strategies or resources to address these issues?Your guidance would mean a lot to me. Thank you again for sharing your expertise.Looking forward to your advice! Yours, Li Hua 详细解析 完形填空 本文讲述了我与Kyle的故事：看到Kyle周五抱着很多书本回家，我认定他 是书呆子，但当他被同学欺负时，我及时上前给予了帮助，后来因此成了好朋 友。多年后的毕业礼上，我从Kyle的演讲中得知，那天他本打算退学，我的善 举改变了他的决定，让我领悟到不要低估自身行为的力量。 1.【C】我心里 “为什么有人会在周五把所有书都带回家？他肯定是个 书呆子。”这里是“我”内心的想法，thought to myself是固定表达，意为 “心里想”，符合语境。 A.explained解释（强调向他人说明，不符合内心活动场景） B.shouted大喊（语气激烈，此处只是内心想法，无“大喊”动作） C.thought思考；想（符合“内心盘算、想法”的语境） D.announced宣布（通常指公开、正式地告知，与“内心活动”无关） 2.【A】我看到一群孩子朝他跑过来，撞得他怀里的书全都掉了出来，还把他绊 倒，让他摔在泥里。前文明确提到He came out of the classroom building with a thick stack of books held tight in his arms(他抱着一摞厚厚的书走出教学楼)， 可知书原本在他胳膊/怀里。 A.ams胳膊：手臂（与前文held tight in his arms呼应，指书原本所在的位置） B.backpack背包（文中未提及Kyle携带背包，无依据） C.shelf架子（属于固定存放物品的家具，不可能随身携带，不符合场景） D.shoulders肩膀(“书放在肩膀上”不符合日常携带习惯，且与前文描述矛 盾) 3.【C】于是我跑过去，当他爬着四处 眼镜时，我看到他眼里含着泪。前 文提到“His glasses went flying and landed in the grass'”(他的眼镜飞了出去， 落在草地上)，可知他此时在“寻找”眼镜，“looking for”意为“寻找” 符合语境。 A.digging out挖出（通常指从土、沙子等中挖掘，眼镜在草地上无需“挖”， 不符合) B.picking up捡起（强调找到后拿起的动作，此处先“寻找”再“捡起”，语 境侧重“寻找”的过程，与后文我handed递给他眼镜情节不符) C.looking for寻找（符合“眼镜掉落，四处搜寻”的场景） D.pulling out抽出：拔出（常搭配“抽屉、插头”等，与“眼镜” 搭配不 当) 4.【A】我把眼镜递给她时说：“那些人太刻薄了。”他看着我 笑了。 “我”在Kyle被欺负、陷入困境时帮助了他，他的笑容应带有“感激”之情， “gratefully'意为“感激地”，符合语境。 A.gratefully感激地（符合“接受帮助后表达感谢”的情绪） B.proudly自豪地（文中Kyle处于被欺负的弱势状态，无“自豪”的场景支 撑) C.coldly冷淡地(“我”主动帮忙，他没必要“冷淡”回应，逻辑矛盾) D.hesitant山y犹豫地（Kyle此时是接受帮助，无需“犹豫”，不符合语境) 5.【B】毕业那天，Kyle被选中_毕业演讲。“deliver a speech”是固定搭 配，意为“发表演讲”，符合“毕业礼上进行演讲”的场景。 A.polish擦亮润色（常搭配“文章、家具”，不能与“演讲”搭配表示 “进行演讲”) B.deliver发表；递送（“deliver a speech'”为固定短语，符合“演讲”场景) C.recommend推荐（强调“介绍、推举”，而非“亲自进行演讲”） D.witness见证（指“看到、目睹”事件发生，与“进行演讲”动作无关） 6.【B】毕业是感谢那些在岁月里帮助过你的人的时刻。结合后文Kyle “本打算退学”的经历，可知他曾度过艰难的时光，“tough”意为“艰难的： 困难的”，符合语境。 A.smooth顺利的（若岁月“顺利”，则无需特别“感谢他人帮助”，逻辑不 符) B.tough艰难的（与Kyle“想退学”的困境呼应，体现岁月的不易） C.critical关键的（侧重“重要、决定性”，但文中更强调“艰难”而非 “关键”) D.regular常规的：普通的(“常规岁月”无需突出“感谢帮助”，不符合语 境) 7.【D】当他讲述我们第一次产生交集的那天的故事时，我 地看着我的朋 友。Kyle要讲的是两人初识的经历，且后文揭示了“Kyle本打算退学”这一 令人意外的真相“我”此时应是“难以置信“的，disbelief意为“不信；怀 疑”，符合语境。 A.tust信任(“信任”侧重对他人的认可，不体现“听到故事时的意外感”) B.pide自豪（文中无“为朋友自豪”的线索，不符合场景) C.pressure压力(“我”只是倾听故事，无“承受压力”的语境) D.disbelief不信：怀疑（符合“听到朋友隐藏的过往时的意外、难以置信”的 情绪) 8.【B】他说他已经清空了自己的 ,正把东西带回家。Kyle是学生，在 学校存放个人物品的地方是“储物柜”，“1 ocker'”意为“储物柜（尤指学校、 体育馆等的)”。 A.cupboard橱柜（通常指家里存放餐具、衣物的柜子，非学校场景) B.locker储物柜（符合“学生在学校存放物品”的场景） C.wallet钱包（只能放钱、卡片等小物件，无法存放“要带回家的东西”） D.garage车库（用于存放车辆，与学生存放个人物品”无关） 9.【A】当这个男孩说出他时刻时，我看到他的父母也给了我同样感激的 微笑。Kyle当时“打算退学”，这是他人生中艰难、黑暗的时刻，“darkest” 意为“最黑暗的：最艰难的”，符合语境。 A.darkest最黑暗的；最艰难的（与“打算退学”的困境呼应，体现时刻的艰 难) B.curious好奇的(“好奇的时刻”无法体现Kyle当时的困境，不符合) C.bravest最勇敢的(“打算退学”并非“勇敢”的表现，逻辑矛盾) D.shameful羞耻的，丢脸的(Kyle是受害者，“打算退学”是困境而非“羞 愧”的事，不符合) 10.【D】永远不要 你行为的力量。一个小小的举动，就能改变一个人的 人生。前文讲述我的小小善举改变了Kye的人生，此处是总结“不要轻视行 为的力量”，“underestimate”意为“低估”，符合语境。 A.measure测量；衡量(“衡量力量”与后文“小小举动改变人生”的主旨 无关) B.exaggerate夸大（文中强调“不要轻视”，而非“不要夸大”，逻辑不 符) C.waste浪费(“浪费力量”侧重“不珍惜使用”，与忽视力量大小”的语 境不同) D.underestimate低估（符合“不要轻视自身行为影响力”的主旨） 语法填空 A篇：本篇为记叙文。垒球队的一个女队员看到队友突发心脏病倒地不起之后 及时用刚学过的心肺复苏法挽救了队友的生命。 11.fell。考查谓语动词，一般过去时。首先判断此处动词fall为全句子谓语，需 要考虑时态和语态。根据语义判断，此处是主动语态：根据前后语境判断此处 用一般过去时，陈述过去的动作，因此用fall的过去时fell。本句子语义为：突 然，巴里斯倒向地面，开始翻白眼珠。 12.Vithout。.考查介词用法。本空没有给提示词，考查虚词用法。同时根据语 义判断，此处需要用到表示“没有”的介词。同时根据主句would be damaged 判断，此句为虚拟语气，而且是含蓄条件句，without oxygen=If the brain didn't have oxygen。因此此处需要填介词Without。本句子语义为：没有氧气，大脑会 很快受到损伤。 13.had taken/took。考查谓语动词，过去完成时或一般过去时。首先判断此处 tke需要是谓语形式，要考虑时态和语态。根据意义判断，此处用主动语态。 根据谓语发生的时间判断，动作take发生在ran之前，可以理解为“过去的过 去”因此用过去完成时had taken。同时，如果不强调前后影响关系，一般过去 时也说得通。因此答案为had taken/took。本句子语义为：令人惊喜的是，泰勒 头一天学过心肺复苏法，因此，她立即跑向巴里斯并且开始实施心肺复苏。 B篇：介绍了近期很火的“苏超”现象。“苏超”每年吸引大量队员和粉丝， 并且这些比赛很有意义。为观众提供娱乐机会，也为专业俱乐部挑选了足球苗 子。同时，“苏超”经过线上和线下媒体宣传越来越火。 14.are held.。考查谓语动词，一般现在时的被动语态。首先判断此处hold为句 子谓语，需要考虑时态和语态。根据语义判断，此处需要用被动语态。根据前 后时态和语义判断，此处讲述现存状态，需要用到一般现在时。因此用一般现 在时的被动语态，答案锁定为are held。本句子语义为：很多比赛都是在周末 举办，提供给家人和朋友们小聚的机会，边为喜欢的球队加油边娱乐。 l5.competing。考查非谓语动词，现在分词短语作后置定语，表示主动关系。本 句谓语为includes,其与动词compete不构成并列关系，因此compete需要用非 谓语形式。Compete修饰over 100 teams作定语，同时逻辑为主动关系，因此用 现在分词competing。本句语义为：苏超联赛最近几年迅速崛起，现在包含了 100多支球队，在各级赛事里面竞争。 16.growth。考查词性转换。Its为形容词性物主代词，rapid为形容词，共同修 饰空里面的词，因此判断此处grow需要用名词形式growth。本句子语义为：随 着它的迅速崛起，它已经成为江苏省足球文化的重要组成部分。 C篇：本文讨论了青少年在成长过程中所产生的不良习惯。青少年在追求独立 的过程中，如果不加管束，很容易形成抽烟和酗酒的不良习惯。这些习惯一旦 形成会影响青少年的身心健康，并且很难改变。当然，了解习惯的形成机制有 助于我们改掉坏习惯。 17.left。考查非谓语动词过去分词做状语。首先判断，本句谓语为could lead。 同时，动词leave之前没有主语，也跟主句谓语could lead不构成并列，因此 leave需要用到非谓语形式，同时根据语义判断leave同逻辑主语these bad habits 拓展：状语从句的省略 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件：①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为t: 今从句主要动词县h。的其种形式，从句中的主吾和。动司常可可省略 列加. 遏制，可能导致青少年成人之后更加严重的坏习惯。 l8.which。考查定语从句关系词的选用。本句主句为some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse。同时can possibly lead to前面缺少主语，缺少的主 语语义为主句说的事情，因此判断此处为关系代词wch引导的定语从句， which指代主句说的事。本句中的most experts believe为插入语，会对句子的理 解产生一定影响。本句子语义为：例如，有些青少年可能会抽烟和酗酒，这， 大部分专家坚信，会导致身体和精神问题。 19.ourselves。考查代词转换。从本句语义判断，此处需要用到固定短语by oneself(亲自地)，因此此处主格代词we需要转换成自反代词。本句语义为： 在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们自己做出的多种选择的集成。 20.how。考查名词性从句宾语从句的引导词。Understand为及物动词，后面跟 的句子为宾语从句。根据从句成分判断，从句不缺宾语，因此不能用链接代词。 根据语义判断此处需要用表示方式的连接副词how。本句语义为：好消息是， 如果我们懂得习惯的运作方式，我们可以改变它。 阅读理解 A篇 21.【B】 本题考查信息查找。答案为B。根据文中“For those who would like a less crowded experience,there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives,one of which is around Salkantay Mountain'”可知，想要避开人群的游客可以选择围绕萨尔坎泰 山徒步，B选项正确。A选项印加古道徒步是最著名的方式，文中未提及不拥 挤：C选项该路线是Apus Peru公司提供。D选项Choquequirao Trek主要适合 对考古感兴趣的人，未提及是否拥挤： 22.【C】 本题考查推理判断。答案为C。从文中“This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu'可推断出，选 择这条徒步路线的旅行者可以探索Choquequirao考古遗址，C选项正确。A选 项原文说每年12月因定期维护关闭，并非全年关闭；B选项文中没有将其与 萨尔坎泰山徒步的受欢迎程度进行比较；D选项文中未提及该路线是最具挑战 性的。 23.【D】 本题考查文章写作目的。答案为D。文章开篇引出马丘比丘，接着介绍了 徒步到马丘比丘的多种方式，然后给出了参观马丘比丘的诸多提示，如适应环 境、门票、携带物品和禁止携带物品等，整体是围绕如何前往马丘比丘并提供 全面的旅行指南展开的，D选项正确。A选项，比较不同旅行方式不是文章主 要目的：B选项，文章未强调保护马丘比丘的重要性；C选项，文章重点不是 介绍印加文明的历史和文化。 B篇 文章大意 本文讲述了英国发明家理查德.布朗宁（Richard Browning)研发个人飞行装备 的历程。他从人类飞行的梦想出发，通过反复试验，最终成功打造出一套类似 “钢铁侠”的喷气式飞行服。文章详细描述了布朗宁的首次试飞经历、装备的 技术特点、持续改进过程以及他对未来发展的规划，强调这一发明不仅是对人 体能力的增强，更是对古老飞行梦想的实现。 ●结构分析 1.引入背景（第1-2段） ·场景描写：以布朗宁在英国乡村农场进行秘密试飞的场景开篇，营造神 秘氛围。 ·核心事件：他启动安装在四肢的微型燃气涡轮发动机，准备尝试飞行。 ·悬念设置：用“Sort of.”暗示首次试飞并不完美，但标志着关键突破。 2.首次试飞：短暂但成功（第3段) ·试飞细节： 。飞行时间短（几秒）、高度低（半米）、动作笨拙（失控落地）。 o视觉描写（尘土飞扬）强化真实性。 ·历史意义：布朗宁确认这是“证明项目可行”的转折点。 3.项目起源：从幻想到现实（第4段) ● 动机：布朗宁受人类飞行梦想的驱动，尝试滑翔翼和电动风扇后，灵感 突发一一将喷气发动机与人体结合。 类比：以“钢铁侠”托尼·斯塔克的战衣为灵感，突出项目的科幻色彩。 4.技术突破与装备升级（第5-6段) ·装备组成： 0轻型外骨骼连接六个燃气涡轮发动机，总推力130公斤。 0特殊装备：美国进口防蛇咬徒步靴。 性能提升：飞行时间从几秒延长至十二分钟，最高时速450公里（未达 极限)。 ● 技术创新： 0开发全息镜头（类似战斗机抬头显示系统），实时监测燃油量。 0未来计划：自动化平衡系统、3D打印臂架、柔性液晶屏（一键隐 形)。 5.装备特点与哲学思考（第7-8段） ·核心定位： 0强调装备是“人体能力增强”，而非替代直升机。 o命名为“代达罗斯”(Daedalus),致敬希腊神话中的发明家，象 征人类对飞行的永恒追求。 ·个人意义：布朗宁将此项目视为职业生涯和人生的升华，实现“脆弱人 体升空”的古老梦想。 结构总结：文章采用“背景引入一试飞验证一技术解析一哲学升华”的逻辑链 条： 1.悬念开场吸引读者兴趣： 2.试飞细节建立可信度： 3.技术迭代展现创新过程： 4. 命名与意义赋予项目深层价值。 通过具体数据（推力、时速）和感官描写（尘土、全息镜头），文章将 科幻般的发明与现实工程结合，突出人类探索未知的勇气与智慧。 第24题：What did Browning do in his first lift-of? 正确答案：D.He made an awkward landing. 详细解析 1.题干定位：题目问的是布朗宁首次试飞时的具体表现，需从第3段中寻 找关键信息。 2.原文依据： o“Browning's first lift-off was short and clumsy.”(首次起飞短暂且笨 拙) 0 "landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him.”（落地时失控，扬起尘土) 0这两句明确描述了首次试飞的动作笨拙、落地失控，与选项D的 “awkward landing'”(笨拙着陆)完全对应。 3.错误选项分析： oA.He glided with wings:第4段提到他尝试过滑翔翼（gliding with wings),但这是首次试飞前的尝试，与题干无关。 oB.He wore Tony Stark's suit:第4段提到他受钢铁侠战衣启发， 但首次试飞时穿的是自己研发的装备，而非直接使用托尼·斯塔克 的战衣。 0 C.He met technical problems:虽然首次试飞不完美，但原文未明 确提及“技术问题”(technical problems),而是强调动作笨拙和 失控。 结论：D是唯一直接对应原文描述的选项。 第25题：What can we know about Browning's suit?? 正确答案：A.It contains six micro gas turbines. 详细解析 1.题干定位：题目问的是布朗宁飞行服的具体特征，需从第5-6段中提取 关键信息。 2.原文依据： o第5段：“His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to siⅸgas turbines with a combined thrust of130 kilograms.”（飞行服连接六个燃气涡轮 发动机，总推力130公斤) 。这一句直接说明飞行服包含六个微型燃气涡轮发动机，与选项A完 全一致。 3.错误选项分析： oB.It is ultra-light snake-bite resistant:第5段提到他穿的是“ultra- light snake-bite resistant walking boots'”（超轻防蛇咬徒步靴)，但这 是脚部装备，并非飞行服本身的特点。 0 C.It is attached to electric fan motors:第4段提到他尝试过电动风 扇发动机(electric fan motors),但这是早期实验，飞行服最终使 用的是燃气涡轮发动机，而非电动风扇。 oD.It has automated balancing systems:第6段提到他计划未来添 加自动化平衡系统（automated balancing systems),但目前尚未实 现，因此不能作为已知事实。 结论：A是唯一与原文描述完全匹配的选项。 第26题：According to the passage,which words can best describe Richard Browning? 正确答案：C.Passionate and creative. 详细解析 1.题干定位：题目要求概括布朗宁的性格特点，需结合全文内容综合分析。 2.原文依据： o Passionate（充满激情)： ·第4段：“Two and a half years ago,38-year-old Browning decided he wanted to fly..”（他毅然投身飞行梦想) ·第4段：“He tried gliding with wings and electric fan motors, working weekends and evenings.”(牺牲周末和晚上时间反复试 验) 0 Creative(富有创造力)： ·第4段：“what if he fastened a jet engine to his body and built a real-life version of Tony Stark's iconic suit??”(突发奇想，将喷 气发动机与人体结合) 第6段：“developed a holographic lens‘genuinely like a heads-. up display fighter system.”（开发全息镜头，类似战斗机抬头 显示系统) 3.错误选项分析： o A.Curious and generous: ·“Curious”(好奇)未在文中明确体现，且“generous”(慷 慨)与原文无关（未提及他帮助他人或捐赠行为）。 o B.Ambitious and faithful: ·“Ambitious”（有野心)虽有一定道理，但“faithful'(忠 诚)与原文无关（未提及他对信仰或他人的忠诚）。 o D.Cooperative and honest: “Cooperative'”（合作)仅在第6段提到与一家公司合作开发 全息镜头，但这不是性格核心特点；“honest'”（诚实)未在 文中体现。 结论：C的“Passionate and creative''最能概括布朗宁对飞行梦想的执着追求和 突破性创新。 总结 ·24题：紧扣首次试飞的细节描写，排除干扰项（如前期实验或未来计 划)。 ·25题：区分飞行服本身的特点与附属装备（如徒步靴），注意时态（已 实现vs.计划中)。 ·26题：从行为描写中提炼性格特质，避免选择与主题无关的形容词。 C篇 文章大意： 本文主要介绍了环境DNA(eDNA)技术如何革新生物多样性监测和保护 工作。eDNA是生物体通过皮肤、毛发或花粉等脱落的DNA,能在环境中存留 较长时间，帮助科学家检测甚至被认为已灭绝的物种或入侵物种。然而， DNA技术也面临挑战，如存留时间受水温、水流等环境因素影响，且无法精 确判断DNA脱落的时间。文章还提到RNA技术（比DNA降解更快）和 CRIS PR技术（如SHERLOCK)可能提高检测的实时性和准确性，并对未来现 场快速分析技术表示乐观。 27题【D】细节理解 A.它减少了工作量且更具成本效益。 B.它提供关于动物的实时信息。 C.它能区分活体和死亡的物种。 D.它能捕获更广泛的物种信息。 【答案出处】文章第二段明确指出："eDNA acts like a footprint,lasting longer than the animal or plant itself.This makes it especially useful for tracking biodiversity,as it can reveal species thought to be extinct or identify invasive ones."(环境DNA(eDNA)如同生物留下的足迹，其存续时间远超动植物本体。 这一特性使其在追踪生物多样性方面具有特殊价值，既能揭示被认为已灭绝的 物种，也能精准识别入侵物种)这说明eDNA能捕获更广泛的物种信息，包括 难以直接观察或已灭绝的物种。 【错项分析】 A."减少工作量且更经济"：文中未直接比较成本或工作量。 B."提供动物实时信息"：第三段指出eDNA无法确定时间("eDNA doesn't reveal when an animal left its genetic trace"). C."区分生死物种"：文章末尾提到RNA可能区分生死，但eDNA本身不能。 28题【B】细节理解 A.不同动物的eDNA可以在单个湖泊中积累。 B.eDNA的检测结果受环境因素影响。 C.eDNA分析提供的检测窗口比RNA更短。 D.eDNA分析在缓流水体中的运作方式不同。 【答案出处】第四段明确指出："The longevity of eDNA in water is affected by variables like temperature,which accelerates DNA decay above 20C,and water chemistry."(水中环境DNA(eDNA)的存续时间受多种变量影响，例如温度 一一当水温超过20℃时会加速DNA降解，以及水体化学性质。)环境因素 (温度、水体化学性质)直接影响eDNA的存留时间和检测结果，是研究中的 主要挑战。