精品解析：广东省深圳市福田区红岭中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题

红岭中学2022-2023学年度第二学期开学测试 (说明：本试卷考试时间为40分钟，满分为100分) 1.单项选择题：(本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分) 1. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我闻到厨房里有烧焦的味道。 我一会儿再打给你好吗? 本题的something与burn构成主动的关系，且表示正在进行，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 2. I highly recommend that he ________ the movie Hi Mom which ranks the first on the movie charts. A. see B. saw C. sees D. to see 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我强烈建议他去看电影排行榜第一名的电影《你好，李焕英》。 动词recommend后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语应用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故选A。 3. Peter received a letter just now___his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：彼得刚才收到一封信，信上说他奶奶很快要来看他。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词received，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，letter和say为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作定语，修饰名词letter。故选C。 4. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玻璃门取代了入口处的木门，让白天的自然光进来。句中已有谓语动词have taken the place of且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故选B。 5. Seeing from the top of the Lianhua mountain, ________. A. the view of city is very impressive B. I am impressed with the beautiful view of the city C how impressive the view of the city is D. the view is beyond my description 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和句子结构。句意：从莲花山的山顶上看，我对这座城市的美丽景色印象深刻。A.the view of city is very impressive.这个城市的景色令人印象深刻；B.I am impressed with the beautiful view of the city.这个城市的美丽景色给我留下了深刻的印象；C.how impressive the view of the city is !这座城市的景色真令人印象深刻；D.the view is beyond my description.我无法形容那景色。分析句子的结构可知，seeing为句子的非谓语，应和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，故句子的主语为I，B项合乎题意，故选B。 II阅读理解：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B,C 和D项中选出最佳选项，在 答题卡上把对应的标号26-25的选项涂黑，共1骗文章5小题，每题3分，共15 分。 In the winter of 1664-65, a bitter cold fell on London in the days before Christmas. Above the city, an unusually bright comet (彗星) shot across the sky, exciting much prediction of a snow storm. Outside the city wall, a woman was announced dead of a disease that was spreading in that area. Her house was locked up and the phrase “Lord Have Mercy On Us”was painted on the door in red. By the following Christmas, the virus that had killed the woman would go on to kill nearly 100,000 people living in and around London - almost a third of those who did not flee. In The Great Plague (瘟疫), historian A.Lloyd Moote and microbiologist Dorothy C.Moote provide a deeply informed account of this plague year. Reading the book, readers are taken from the palaces of the city’s wealthiest citizens to the poor areas where the vast majority of Londoners were living,and to the surrounding countryside with those who fled. The Mootes point out that, even at the height of the plague, the city did not fall into chaos. Doctors, nurses and the church staff remained in the city to care for the sick; city officials tried their best to fight the crisis with all the legal tools; and commerce continued even as businesses shut down. To describe life and death in and around London, the authors focus on the experiences of nine individuals. Through their letters and diaries, the Mootes offer fresh descriptions of key issues in the history of the Great Plague: how different communities understood and experienced the disease; how medical, religious, and government bodies reacted; how well the social order held together; the economic and moral dilemmas people faced when debating whether to flee the city; and the nature of the material, social, and spiritual resources supporting those who remained. Based on humanity, the authors offer a masterful portrait of a city and its inhabitants attacked by - and daringly resisting - unimaginable horror. 6. What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. A comet always follows a storm. B. London was under an approaching threat. C. London was prepared for the disease. D. The woman was the beginning of the disease. 7. What do the Mootes say about London during the Great Plague? A. The city remained organized. B. The plague spared the rich areas. C. The people tried a lot in vain. D. The majority fled and thus survived. 8. Why do the Mootes focus on the nine individuals? A. They were famous people in history. B. They all managed to survive the Plague. C. They provided vivid stories of humanity. D. They united by thinking and acting as one. 9. The underlined word “humanity” is closest in meaning to“________” . A. human being B. human nature C. human D. human rights 10. What’s the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a new book. B. To correct a misunderstanding. C. To report a new research. D. To show respect to the authors. 【答案】6 B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《大瘟疫》一书，描述了1664-65年伦敦瘟疫期间的社会状况及人们的生活。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Above the city, an unusually bright comet (彗星) shot across the sky, exciting much prediction of a snow storm. Outside the city wall, a woman was announced dead of a disease that was spreading in that area. Her house was locked up and the phrase “Lord Have Mercy On Us”was painted on the door in red.(天空中，一颗异常明亮的彗星划过天际，引发了人们对暴风雪的诸多预测。在城墙外，一名妇女因一种在当地蔓延的疾病被宣布死亡。她的房子被锁上，并且门上用红色漆写着“主啊，怜悯我们”)”可知，这些描述都暗示了伦敦正面临一种即将到来的威胁。因此，我们可以从第一段中得知伦敦正面临一种即将到来的威胁。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The Mootes point out that, even at the height of the plague, the city did not fall into chaos. Doctors, nurses and the church staff remained in the city to care for the sick; city officials tried their best to fight the crisis with all the legal tools; and commerce continued even as businesses shut down.(Moote夫妇指出，即使在瘟疫最严重的时候，这座城市也没有陷入混乱。医生、护士和教会工作人员留在城内照顾病人；城市官员尽最大努力利用所有的法律手段来应对危机；即便是在企业停业的情况下，商业活动仍在继续)”可知，在大瘟疫期间，伦敦这座城市仍然井然有序。故选A。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“To describe life and death in and around London, the authors focus on the experiences of nine individuals. Through their letters and diaries, the Mootes offer fresh descriptions of key issues in the history of the Great Plague: how different communities understood and experienced the disease; how medical, religious, and government bodies reacted; how well the social order held together;(为了描述伦敦及周边地区的生与死，作者们聚焦于九位个体的经历。通过他们的书信和日记，Moote夫妇提供了对大瘟疫历史中关键问题的新描述：不同社区如何理解和经历这场疾病；医疗、宗教和政府机构如何作出反应；社会秩序维持得如何)”可知，作者把注意力集中在这九个人身上是因为他们提供了生动的人性的故事。故选C。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词后“the authors offer a masterful portrait of a city and its inhabitants attacked by - and daringly resisting - unimaginable horror.(作者们描绘了一幅城市的生动画面及其居民在面对难以想象的恐怖时所展现的勇敢抵抗精神)”可知，作者描绘了一幅受到难以想象的恐怖袭击并勇敢地抵抗的城市及其居民的杰出画卷，是基于人性的基础，即人类固有的、本质的特性，包括人们面对灾难时的行为、情感和社会互动等。故划线词与选项B“human nature(人性，人的本性)”在意义上最为接近。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容及第三段中“In The Great Plague (瘟疫), historian A.Lloyd Moote and microbiologist Dorothy C.Moote provide a deeply informed account of this plague year.(在《大瘟疫》一书中，历史学家A. Lloyd Moote和微生物学家Dorothy C. Moote提供了关于这一瘟疫年的深刻见解和详实记述)”可知，文章主要介绍了《大瘟疫》这本书的内容，包括它描述的瘟疫时期伦敦的情况、作者如何描绘这一历史时期的关键问题以及这本书的价值等。因此，本文的目的是介绍一本新书。故选A。 第二节：七选五(共5小题，每小题3分。共15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选 项中有两项为多余选项。 You know that eating healthy, staying active, and solving a few brain games can help keep your memory. But the following lesser-known habits work wonders too. 1. ___11___ When we sit with our shoulders bent forward, this defeated position actually causes us to feel anxious or depressed — which makes it harder to think clearly and remember things. Conversely (反过来), straight upright posture apparently improves memory because it boosts blood and oxygen flow to the brain. 2. Exercise — Once Having trouble remembering faces? ___12___ In a study, pictures of faces were shown to older folks after they pedal a stationary (静止的) bike at an intense pace or simply sit on a self-pedaling bike. On average, people remembered the faces better after the intense exercise. What’s more, the memory gains after a single workout were similar to the gains after 3 months of regular exercise. 3. Limit TV Every parent and grandparent has heard that too much screen time can hurt a child’s cognitive development. ___13___ According to a study, people (aged 50 or older) who watched more than 3.5 hours of TV a day for 6 years experienced a greater drop in verbal memory test scores than those who watched less. 4. Draw aimlessly A research shows those who drew the words remembered the most when recalling words. That’s because while some parts of the brain about getting memory back become worse as people grow older, the picture processing regions usually don’t. ___14___ 5. Walk Backward ___15___ Walk back! Backward motion — whether real, imagined, or watched — helps people remember the information better than sitting still and, in most cases, better than forward motion. It may be that moving backward in space mentally helps us move back in time to the moment we learned something. A. Sit Tall. B. Stand Straight. C. Start more workouts. D. Sweat for physical training. E. Thus sketching can help adults keep their memory sharp. F. But what about those at the other end of their life span? G. Next time you’re trying to recall something, don’t just think back. 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. F 14. E 15. G 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了保持大脑记忆功能的一些方法。 【11题详解】 考查段落标题。根据段落内容“当我们向前弯曲坐着时，这种姿势实际上会使我们感到焦虑或沮丧，这使得清晰思考和记住事情变得更加困难。相反，坐正的姿势显然可以改善记忆力，因为它可以促进血液和氧气流向大脑”。可知，A项（坐正。）能够概括本段内容。该选项中的sit一词在第二段中出现了，该段中的straight upright指的是坐姿要“端正”。故选A项。 【12题详解】 考查段中句。根据空前“Having trouble remembering faces?（难以记住面孔吗？）”和空后“In a study, pictures of faces were shown to older folks after they pedal a stationary (静止的) bike at an intense pace or simply sit on a self-pedaling bike. On average, people remembered the faces better after the intense exercise. What’s more, the memory gains after a single workout were similar to the gains after 3 months of regular exercise.（在一项研究中，人脸的照片展示给以剧烈的速度踩踏静止的自行车或只是坐在自动踏板自行车上运动之后的老年人。一般来讲，剧烈运动后人们对面部的记忆更好。 而且，一次剧烈锻炼后对保持记忆力的好处与定期锻炼三个月后的效果是相似的。）”可知，D项（在进行体育锻炼时要出汗。）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项是对前面问题的回答，通过锻炼可以使保持记忆力，空格后是在讲一个具体的锻炼方法及它所带来的好处，D项的physical training与本段的regular exercise是相关表达。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查段中句。根据空前“Every parent and grandparent has heard that too much screen time can hurt a child’s cognitive development.（每个家长和祖父母都听说过对着荧幕时间过久会伤害孩子的认知发展。）”和空后“According to a study, people (aged 50 or older) who watched more than 3.5 hours of TV a day for 6 years experienced a greater drop in verbal memory test scores than those who watched less.（根据一项研究，年龄在50岁以上的人每天观看电视超过3.5个小时，如持续6年，其语言记忆力测试成绩的下降幅度要比收看较少的人更高。）”可知，F项（那年龄较大的人呢？）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项中的“those at the other end of their life span”指的是空格后的people (aged 50 or older)。故选F项。 【14题详解】 考查段尾句。根据空前“A research shows those who drew the words remembered the most when recalling words. That’s because while some parts of the brain about getting memory back become worse as people grow older, the picture processing regions usually don’t.（一项研究表明，那些画字词的人对单词的记忆最深。那是因为随着人们年纪变大，大脑的某些部位的记忆功能变得更糟，而负责图片处理的大脑区域通常不会。）”可知，E项（因此，画字词可以帮助成年人保持清晰的记忆。）能够承接上文。该选项中的sketching与第五段的标题draw及该段中的drew是同义词，即描绘。故选E项。 【15题详解】 考查段首句。根据空后“Walk back! Backward motion helps people remember the information better than sitting still and, in most cases, better than forward motion.（向后走！向后运动比起静止不动并且在大多数情况下比向前运动更能帮助人们记住信息。）”可知，G项（下次您想回忆某件事时，不要只是通过大脑来回忆。）能够与下文连接通顺。该选项中的back在空格后的句子中出现了。故选G项。 【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空格处前后的内容，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等，看是否有同词复现，代词的指代等。在本文中，第1小题：sit straight upright即sit tall；第2小题：D项的physical training与本段的regular exercise是相关表达；第3小题：F选项中的“those at the other end of their life span”指的是空格后的people (aged 50 or older)；第4小题：E选项中的sketching与第五段白标题draw及该段中的drew是同义词；第5小题：G选项中的back在空格后的句子walk back中出现了。 II. 词汇和语法部分(共三小节，共60分) 第一节：根据首字母或所给中文写出单词或者用所给的单词的正确形式填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 16. Obviously, some students are terrible at ________ their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. (调整) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】adjusting 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：显然，有些学生很不擅长调整他们的睡眠周期以适应日常安排。根据汉语提示“调整”可知，应用动词adjust的适当形式，空前短语be terrible at“不擅长……”中at为介词，其后应用动名词形式adjusting作宾语。故填adjusting。 17. What would you do when you are being ________ by a snake?(bite) （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】bitten 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果你被蛇咬了，你会怎么做?根据句意，可知设空处和are being构成现在进行时的被动语态，应用过去分词，故填bitten。 18. He is a video game ________ (对……着迷的人) and plays as much as he can. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】addict 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是个电子游戏迷，只要能玩就玩。根据句意及汉语提示，可知为addict。空前为a，设空处为名词单数作表语。故填addict。 19. I g________ some paintings for this exhibition.(收集) (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】gathered##athered 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我这次展览收集了一些画。设空处为谓语，根据句意可知应用一般过去时，根据中英文提示，故填gathered。 20. The gentleman who sent the old lady to the hospital ________ by the police. (identify) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was identified 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：把老妇人送到医院的那位绅士被警方确认了身份。空处为主句的谓语动词。根据定语从句中的sent可知，本句话为一般过去时态，且主语The gentleman和该动词之间为被动关系，所以句子使用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语也用单数形式。故填was identified。 21. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom ________ into the law school in Peking University.(admit) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was admitted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态语态。句意：多亏了老师的帮助，Tom 被北京大学的法学院录取了。空处时句子的谓语动词，主语Tom与动词admit之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，根据句意可知，表示“被……录取”应用短语“be admitted into”，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语Tom为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was admitted。 22. On hearing the famous scientist’s ________ speech, we were all very cheerful. (inspire) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】inspiring 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：听了这位著名科学家的鼓舞人心的演讲后，我们都感到非常高兴。句子已有谓语动词were，空处应用非谓语形式，根据空前“the famous scientist’s”和空后“speech”及所给提示词可知，空处应用修饰物的-ing形容词inspiring“鼓舞人心的”作定语，修饰speech。故填inspiring。 23. Research i________ that the vaccine is effective to protect people against the COVID-19.(表明) （根据中英文提示单词拼写） 【答案】indicates##ndicates 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：研究表明疫苗能够有效保护人们防止COVID-19感染。根据汉语提示“表明”可知，此处应填动词indicate。句子在陈述事实，为一般现在时。主语是Research，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，故填indicates。 24. ________, the war had to end because it cost to much in both lives and dollars. (最终、最后) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】Eventually 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：最终，战争必须结束，因为它在生命和金钱上付出了太多代价。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要副词eventually“最后地”，在句中作状语。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Eventually。 25. China is one of the most ________ countries in Artificial Intelligence in the world. (有竞争力的) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】competitive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国是世界上人工智能领域最具竞争力的国家之一。设空处修饰名词countries作定语，应用形容词，根据汉语提示，故填competitive。 第二节(共5小题，每小题4分，共20 分) 用所给的词组的恰当形式填空 suffer from feel at a loss take to in case in turn remind of come across around the corner transform into complain about 26. As a senior high school teacher, there is always a new challenge ________. 27 Nowadays many middle -aged people ________ as to what to do in case of being fired. 28. Being a computer engineer is quite stressful , which ________ makes me feel anxious. 29. There were three books I reread annually. The first, which I ________ reading every spring , is A Movable Feast. 30. Using some advanced techniques , the Peking Opera ________ a small stage________ the whole universe. 【答案】26. around the corner 27. feel at loss 28. in turn 29. take to 30. ①. transformed ②. into 【解析】 【26题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：作为一名高中教师，总是有新的挑战即将来临。设空处为介词短语在句中作状语，around the corner“即将到来”合乎题意。故填around the corner。 【27题详解】 考查时态和固定短语。句意：现在许多中年人都不知道万一被解雇了该怎么办。设空处为句子的谓语，时间状语为nowadays，可知句子的时态为一般现在时，跟根据后句“as to what to do in case of being fired.(万一被解雇了该怎么办)”可知，feel at a loss“感到困惑或无所适从”合乎题意，主语为middle -aged people，结合主谓一致。故填feel at a loss。 【28题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：作为一名计算机工程师压力很大，这反过来又让我感到焦虑。根据“Being a computer engineer is quite stressful(做计算机工程师压力很大)” 可知，这反过来又让我感到焦虑，in turn“反过来”合乎题意。故填in turn。 29题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我每年重读三本书。第一本书是我每年春天都会读的《流动的盛宴》。设空处为句子的谓语，时间状语every spring，可知句子的时态为一般现在时，根据上句“There were three books I reread annually.(我每年重读三本书)”以及“reading every spring(每年春天都会读)”，可知，take to“开始养成（某种习惯）”合乎题意。故填take to。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：京剧运用一些先进的技术，把一个小舞台变成了整个宇宙。根据“Using some advanced techniques (使用一些先进的技术)”可知，舞台发生了转变，设空处为句子的谓语，叙述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时，transform into“转变成”合乎题意。故填① transformed ② into。 第三节：翻译(请根据题目要求或用所给提示词的适当形式进行翻译)(共5小 题，每小题5分，共25分) 31. 如果你方便的话，明天下午能帮我筹备一下生日聚会吗? (convenient; arrange)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Could you help me arrange the birthday party tomorrow afternoon if it is convenient for you? 【解析】 【详解】考查一般疑问句和条件状语从句。原句是一个一般疑问句，是一个包含条件状语从句的复合句，“如果你方便的话”用if it is convenient for you在句子中做条件状语从句，用一般现在时来表示将来的动作或状态，表示“能做……吗？”含义的表达为Could you…？句首单词首字母大写，表示“帮助某人做某事”含义的表达为help sb. do sth.，本句中“帮我筹备”应用help me arrange，“生日聚会”应用the birthday party，时间状语“明天下午”用tomorrow afternoon。故翻译为Could you help me arrange the birthday party tomorrow afternoon if it is convenient for you? 32. 在学习了英语多年之后，我已经意识到我在写作上的潜在问题。(-ing 做 状语；潜力 potential) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Having learned English for many years, I have realized my potential problems in writing. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语和时态。“在学习了英语多年之后”处理成非谓语作状语，“学习”为learn，与主语I 为主动关系，且表示已经完成，用现在分词的完成形式做状语。故翻译为“Having learned English for many years”；“我已经意识到我在写作上的潜在问题”为现在完成时，“意识到”为realize，“在写作上的潜在问题”为 my potential problems in writing，作宾语。故翻译为：Having learned English for many years, I have realized my potential problems in writing. 33. 我可以向你保证我们一定会提供令人满意的服务，因为我们会竭尽全力地改 进自己。 (assure ; satisfy ; effort) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I can assure you that we will surely provide satisfying service because we will make every effort to improve ourselves. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、动词和从句。表示“保证”为句子的谓语为assure，“我们一定会提供令人满意的服务”为宾语从句，从句含义完整，不缺成分，应用that引导；叙述将来发生的事，从句的时态为一般将来时，表示“令人满意的”为形容词satisfying修饰名词service,故为 that we will surely provide satisfying service；表示“因为我们会竭尽全力地改进自己”为because引导的原因状语从句，叙述将来发生的事，从句的时态为一般将来时，表示“竭尽全力”为 make every effort to do sth；故为 because we will make every effort to improve ourselves；叙述客观事实，主句的时态为一般现在时。故答案为I can assure you that we will surely provide satisfying service because we will make every effort to improve ourselves. 34. 很多美国人在社交媒体上抱怨他们的政府并没有采取有效措施去抗击新冠肺炎。(complain about; take measures) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many Americans complain about that their government didn’t take effective measures to fight against COVID-19 on social media. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。“很多美国人”译为“Many Americans”，“抱怨”译为“complain about”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，后面的句子用that连接的宾语从句，从句主语“他们的政府”译为“their government”，“采取有效措施”用固定短语“take effective measures”，从句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“去抗击新冠肺炎”用不定式作目的状语，译为“to fight against COVID-19”，“在社交媒体上”译为“on social media”。故翻译为：Many Americans complain about that their government didn’t take effective measures to fight against COVID-19 on social media. 35. 如果你不能平衡学习和娱乐的关系，那你最终会以失败而告终。(balance …with; end up) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you can’t balance study with entertainment, you will end up failing in the end. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和时态。结合句意可知，本句使用if引导条件状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，即主将从现。表示“你不能”翻译为you can’t，表示“平衡…与…”翻译为balance … with …，因此“平衡学习和娱乐”可译为balance study with entertainment。表示“会以…结束”翻译为will end up …，这里表示最终会失败，用end up failing，表示“最终”应用短语in the end。再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：If you can’t balance study with entertainment, you will end up failing in the end. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 红岭中学2022-2023学年度第二学期开学测试 (说明：本试卷考试时间为40分钟，满分为100分) 1.单项选择题：(本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分) 1. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 2. I highly recommend that he ________ the movie Hi Mom which ranks the first on the movie charts. A. see B. saw C. sees D. to see 3. Peter received a letter just now___his grandma would come to see him soon. A said B. says C. saying D. to say 4. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 5. Seeing from the top of the Lianhua mountain, ________. A. the view of city is very impressive B. I am impressed with the beautiful view of the city C. how impressive the view of the city is D. the view is beyond my description II阅读理解：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B,C 和D项中选出最佳选项，在 答题卡上把对应的标号26-25的选项涂黑，共1骗文章5小题，每题3分，共15 分。 In the winter of 1664-65, a bitter cold fell on London in the days before Christmas. Above the city, an unusually bright comet (彗星) shot across the sky, exciting much prediction of a snow storm. Outside the city wall, a woman was announced dead of a disease that was spreading in that area. Her house was locked up and the phrase “Lord Have Mercy On Us”was painted on the door in red. By the following Christmas, the virus that had killed the woman would go on to kill nearly 100,000 people living in and around London - almost a third of those who did not flee. In The Great Plague (瘟疫), historian A.Lloyd Moote and microbiologist Dorothy C.Moote provide a deeply informed account of this plague year. Reading the book, readers are taken from the palaces of the city’s wealthiest citizens to the poor areas where the vast majority of Londoners were living,and to the surrounding countryside with those who fled. The Mootes point out that, even at the height of the plague, the city did not fall into chaos. Doctors, nurses and the church staff remained in the city to care for the sick; city officials tried their best to fight the crisis with all the legal tools; and commerce continued even as businesses shut down. To describe life and death in and around London, the authors focus on the experiences of nine individuals. Through their letters and diaries, the Mootes offer fresh descriptions of key issues in the history of the Great Plague: how different communities understood and experienced the disease; how medical, religious, and government bodies reacted; how well the social order held together; the economic and moral dilemmas people faced when debating whether to flee the city; and the nature of the material, social, and spiritual resources supporting those who remained. Based on humanity, the authors offer a masterful portrait of a city and its inhabitants attacked by - and daringly resisting - unimaginable horror. 6. What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. A comet always follows a storm. B. London was under an approaching threat. C. London was prepared for the disease. D. The woman was the beginning of the disease. 7. What do the Mootes say about London during the Great Plague? A. The city remained organized. B The plague spared the rich areas. C. The people tried a lot in vain. D. The majority fled and thus survived. 8 Why do the Mootes focus on the nine individuals? A. They were famous people in history. B. They all managed to survive the Plague. C. They provided vivid stories of humanity. D. They united by thinking and acting as one. 9. The underlined word “humanity” is closest in meaning to“________” . A human being B. human nature C. human D. human rights 10. What’s the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a new book. B. To correct a misunderstanding. C. To report a new research. D. To show respect to the authors. 第二节：七选五(共5小题，每小题3分。共15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选 项中有两项为多余选项。 You know that eating healthy, staying active, and solving a few brain games can help keep your memory. But the following lesser-known habits work wonders too. 1. ___11___ When we sit with our shoulders bent forward, this defeated position actually causes us to feel anxious or depressed — which makes it harder to think clearly and remember things. Conversely (反过来), straight upright posture apparently improves memory because it boosts blood and oxygen flow to the brain. 2. Exercise — Once Having trouble remembering faces? ___12___ In a study, pictures of faces were shown to older folks after they pedal a stationary (静止的) bike at an intense pace or simply sit on a self-pedaling bike. On average, people remembered the faces better after the intense exercise. What’s more, the memory gains after a single workout were similar to the gains after 3 months of regular exercise. 3. Limit TV Every parent and grandparent has heard that too much screen time can hurt a child’s cognitive development. ___13___ According to a study, people (aged 50 or older) who watched more than 3.5 hours of TV a day for 6 years experienced a greater drop in verbal memory test scores than those who watched less. 4. Draw aimlessly A research shows those who drew the words remembered the most when recalling words. That’s because while some parts of the brain about getting memory back become worse as people grow older, the picture processing regions usually don’t. ___14___ 5 Walk Backward ___15___ Walk back! Backward motion — whether real, imagined, or watched — helps people remember the information better than sitting still and, in most cases, better than forward motion. It may be that moving backward in space mentally helps us move back in time to the moment we learned something. A. Sit Tall. B. Stand Straight. C. Start more workouts. D. Sweat for physical training. E. Thus sketching can help adults keep their memory sharp. F. But what about those at the other end of their life span? G. Next time you’re trying to recall something, don’t just think back. II. 词汇和语法部分(共三小节，共60分) 第一节：根据首字母或所给中文写出单词或者用所给的单词的正确形式填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 16. Obviously, some students are terrible at ________ their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. (调整) (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 17. What would you do when you are being ________ by a snake?(bite) （所给词的适当形式填空） 18. He is a video game ________ (对……着迷的人) and plays as much as he can. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 19. I g________ some paintings for this exhibition.(收集) (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 20. The gentleman who sent the old lady to the hospital ________ by the police. (identify) (所给词的适当形式填空) 21. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom ________ into the law school in Peking University.(admit) (所给词的适当形式填空) 22. On hearing the famous scientist’s ________ speech, we were all very cheerful. (inspire) (所给词的适当形式填空) 23. Research i________ that the vaccine is effective to protect people against the COVID-19.(表明) （根据中英文提示单词拼写） 24. ________, the war had to end because it cost to much in both lives and dollars. (最终、最后) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 25. China is one of the most ________ countries in Artificial Intelligence in the world. (有竞争力的) （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 第二节(共5小题，每小题4分，共20 分) 用所给的词组的恰当形式填空 suffer from feel at a loss take to in case in turn remind of come across around the corner transform into complain about 26. As a senior high school teacher, there is always a new challenge ________. 27. Nowadays many middle -aged people ________ as to what to do in case of being fired. 28. Being a computer engineer is quite stressful , which ________ makes me feel anxious. 29. There were three books I reread annually. The first, which I ________ reading every spring , is A Movable Feast. 30. Using some advanced techniques , the Peking Opera ________ a small stage________ the whole universe. 第三节：翻译(请根据题目要求或用所给提示词的适当形式进行翻译)(共5小 题，每小题5分，共25分) 31. 如果你方便的话，明天下午能帮我筹备一下生日聚会吗? (convenient; arrange)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 32. 在学习了英语多年之后，我已经意识到我在写作上的潜在问题。(-ing 做 状语；潜力 potential) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 33. 我可以向你保证我们一定会提供令人满意的服务，因为我们会竭尽全力地改 进自己。 (assure ; satisfy ; effort) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 34. 很多美国人在社交媒体上抱怨他们的政府并没有采取有效措施去抗击新冠肺炎。(complain about; take measures) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 35. 如果你不能平衡学习和娱乐的关系，那你最终会以失败而告终。(balance …with; end up) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$