精品解析：广东省深圳外国语学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学课时英语试题

深圳外国语学校2023级高二年级英语学科 高二上学期开学测试 第一部分：单项选择(共20小题，每题1分，满分20分) 1. Was it in the room _____ Mr. Johnson lived _____ the exhibition was held? A. which; that B. where; that C. where; where D. where; which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：是在约翰逊先生住的房间里举办展览吗？分析句子结构，第一个设空处引导定语从句，修饰地点先行词the room，从句主语是Mr. Johnson，从句谓语是lived，则第一个设空处应填引导词where，充当从句地点状语；一般疑问句的强调句型结构是：Was/Is it + 被强调部分 +that（通用）/who（指人）/whom（强调宾语指人）+其它。该句去掉“Was it... that”结构后，句子依然成立且通顺，所以该句是强调句，被强调部分是“in the room”，所以第二个空应填that。故选B项。 2. It must be the reason _____ Mike refused to say more about it for at the meeting______ aroused the suspicion of the detective. A. which…that B. why…that C. which…which D. that…which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：一定是迈克在会上拒绝多谈这件事的原因引起了侦探的怀疑。第一个空分析句子可知，Mike refused to say more about it for at the meeting是一个定语从句，先行词为 the reason，定语从句中for缺少宾语，因此引导词用which；第二个空由It must be the reason可知此处是强调句，被强调部分是the reason，因此要用连接词that。故选A项。 3. The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A. that; that B. that; when C. when; that D. when; when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：格里永总是记得的激动人心的时刻是当他接近海港大桥和歌剧院的时候。第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词moment，指物，关系词在从句中作remember的宾语，所以用关系代词that引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句缺少时间状语，表示“……的时刻”，所以用when引导，故选B项。 4. ---I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning? ---It was in his office ____ he worked. A. where B. which C. that D. the one 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——我无法找到史密斯先生，今天早上你在哪里见过他？——在他工作的办公室里。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为his office，从句中缺少地点状语，故A项正确。 【点睛】本题很多同学会认为是强调句型为误选that，但去掉It was和空处后，句子结构和逻辑不对，因此本句不是强调句型，而是定语从句，先行词为his office，从句中缺少地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。 5. The theory he sticks to _______ to be of no use in his new work ______ he finds it hard to fit in. A. is proved; where B. proves; with which C. proving; to which D. prove; how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句意：他坚持的理论，在他的新工作中证明是毫无用处的，他发现很难适应他的新工作。he sticks to是一个定语从句，修饰先行词The theory。prove用作联系动词时，含义是“被证明是”，一般来说，联系动词本身含有被动含义，所以不再用于被动语态。在一般现在时中，主语The theory是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数；______ he finds it hard to fit in.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词new work，fit in with适应，该短语是固定短语，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which，故选B。 6. The policeman analyses the chief reasons ________ some cyclists and pedestrians will get caught in traffic accidents and ________they should do to prevent them. A. when; that B. why; how C. why; what D. that; where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：警察分析了骑自行车和步行的人陷入交通事故的主要原因以及他们应该做什么来预防。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词为reasons，从句中缺少原因状语，用why；第二空为宾语从句，连接词在从句中作do的宾语，表达“做什么”，用what。故C项正确。 7. Sustainable development is all about creating better health care, education, housing and improved standard of living for everyone, which is a simple idea, is hard to put into practice. A. one B. the one C. one that D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：可持续发展就是要为每个人创造更好的医疗、教育和住房，提高生活质量，这是一个简单的想法，但很难付诸实践。分析句子结构可知，one作a simple idea的同位语，而one后是由that引导的定语从句，that指代先行词one在定语从句中作主语。故选C。 8. It is a different world but one ______ offers huge challenges to ambitious young people interested in ______ our universe works. A. which; what B. which; why C. that; how D. that; that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：这是一个不同的世界，但对我们的宇宙如何运作感兴趣的有志青年来说，这是一个巨大的挑战，分析句子结构可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词为one，应该用that来引导并在从句中作主语，第二空为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应该用how表示“如何”，故C项正确。 9. Frankly speaking, such efficient strategies were applied in English learning practice _______ every student could benefit from in life. A. when B. that C. as D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：坦白地讲，使每一位学生都能在生活中受益的有效策略，在英语学习实践中得以应用。该题考查such…as引导的定语从句，as every student could benefit from in life做定语从句修饰such efficient strategies，as做定语从句中benefit from的宾语，故选C项。 【点睛】 一、such as 的七个用法： 1. 表示举例，such as意为“例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example。如： There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。 Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “fast” in “she ran fast”. 副词用来修饰动词，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。 Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter, finding food wherever they can. 像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。 用此义时的几点说明： (1)这类结构既可表现为“名词+such as+例子”，也可表现为“such+名词+as+例子”。如： I enjoy songs such as this one. = I enjoy such songs as this one. 我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。 (2)若such as后接动词，通常用动名词，有时也可用动词原形。如： Don’t do anything silly such as marry him. 不要做任何蠢事，比如说嫁给他。 Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat. 魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法。 (3)不要按汉语意思将such as用作such like。 (4)such as后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。如： 正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语。 误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。 (5)在现代英语中，such as可与etc. 连用。如： They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers, etc. 他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。 They export a lot of fruits, such as oranges, lemons, etc. 他们出口许多水果，如桔子、柠檬等。 2. such as表示“像……这样的”，其中的as用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构中的 as 换成like。如： He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。 Such men as he (is) are rare now. 现在像他这样的人很少了。 3. such as 表示“凡是……的人(或事物)”、“所有……的人(事物)”，其意相当于 everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的such为先行词，as为关系代词。如： Take such (things) as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么。 You may choose such as you prefer. 你可挑选自己想要东西。 Such (people) as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. 有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。 4. 有时such as整个用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如： We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。 Then I left it, feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before. 然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。 5. 用于such…as to do sth，表示结果，其中的such为限定语，as to do sth表示结果。如： It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house. 声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。 You shouldn’t put such high prices as to frighten your customers off. 你不应该要价这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。 6. 用于such as to do sth，表示程度或结果。其中的such是代词，as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。如： Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重，不必担心。 The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼，但还不至于不能行走。 7. 用于such as it is构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽管没什么价值或重要性”。如： The food, such as it is, is plentiful. 食物不是很好，但量很多。 You may use my bike, such as it is. 尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。 You’re welcome to join us for supper, such as it is—we’re only having soup and bread. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭，只是没什么好吃的——只有汤和面包。 二、such as与其他相似结构的区别 1. such…as与such…that such ... as前者用于引导定语从句，such ... that后者用于引导结果状语从句。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。 It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. 天气很冷，街上没有一个人。 试比较： He is such a good teacher as we all respect. 他是一位我们大家都尊敬的好老师。(as引导的是定语从句，as在该定语从句中用作respect的宾语) He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. 他是那样一位好老师，以致于我们大家都尊敬他。(that引导的是结果状语从句，that在该状语从句中不充当句子成分，另外注意句中的respect带有宾语him) 2. such as 与 as such such as 与 as such 两者词序相反，意义区别也很大，as such有两个主要意思： (1)表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”。如： It’s not an agreement as such, but it will have virtually the same effect as one. 就协议的词义而言，它算不上是协定，但实际上起到了协定的作用。 I can’t call my book a best seller as such but it’s very popular. 我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受欢迎。 (2)表示“就本身而论”。如： Money as such will seldom bring happiness. 金钱本身很少带来幸福。 Money, as such, does not bring happiness. 金钱本身并不给人带来快乐。 (3)表示“以某种身份(或资格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那样”。如： She is a kind woman and is known as such. 她是位好心肠的女人，这是大家知道的。 He is the author of the article, but he does not desire to be known as such. 他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者。 10. The last thirty years _____ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we have reached a stage _____ we have almost no rights at all. A. saw; which B. see; where C. are seeing; in which D. have seen; where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句意：在过去的三十年里，我们看到了大量的法律阻止了我们的权利和进步。直到今天，我们已经达到了一个几乎没有任何权利的阶段。第一空表示过去的三十年见证了大量的法律阻止我们的权利和进步，应用现在完成时，故排除B、C；第二空为定语从句修饰先行词stage，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故选D。 11. Sweet memories ______ as I looked at the pictures _____were taken at the beach last summer. A. took out; which B. crowded in; which C. ended up; that D. dropped by; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析和定语从句。句意：当我看着去年暑假在海滩上拍的照片的时候，那些美好的回忆就会涌上心头。A. take out取出，拿出；B. crowd in挤入、涌进；C.ended up结束、告终 ；D. dropped by顺便拜访。根据“Sweet memories”可知第一空表示“涌入”；第二空的which指代先行词the pictures在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that，故选B。 12. Finding that Big Jim was always daydreaming when working, the manager was surprised that the absent-minded worker _____. A. should have been fired B. should be fired C. should not have been fired D. should not be fired 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查should(not) have done用法。句意：经理发现大个子吉姆在工作时总是做白日梦，他对这个心不在焉的工人竟然还没被解雇感到惊讶。根据was surprised 可知此处说过去的事情，用情态动词+完成时，should not have done sth. 意为“竟然还没被…”。故选C。 【点睛】“should+完成时”，还可以用来“对过去发生的情况，表示惊讶、后悔、难过、不理解、不可思议”等情绪，翻译时通常含有“竟然”的意味。例如： I am surprised that you should have acted so indiscreetly.你竟然表现得如此轻率，我感到惊讶。 I'm sorry you should have gone to so much trouble.很抱歉，让你费了这么大事。 I wonder why he should have been so angry.我想不通，他怎么会这样生气。 It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam.他考试竟然没有及格，真是可惜。 13. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars________road conditions need________. A. that；to be improved B. which；to be improved C. where；improving D. when；improving 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：私家车的普及带来了一个新问题，即道路状况需要改善。因为“公路状况需要改善”，“need”后接“improving”或“to be improved”都可以。后面的从句应是“problem”的同位语，应用“that”引导。故选A。 14. I dare ________ that without your help, we ________ so much progress in our work. A. say; can’t make B. to say; couldn’t make C. say; couldn’t have made D. to say; shouldn’t have made 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和虚拟语气。句意：我相信，没有你的帮助，我们的工作不可能取得这么大的进展。固定短语dare (to) do sth.意为“敢做某事”，第一空say和to say的形式都可以；根据“without your help”可知，从句是与过去事实相反的假设，需用虚拟语气，可排除A和B项，再结合“so much progress”可推知，此处表示“不可能”取得这么大的进展，应用couldn’t have done的形式，shouldn’t have done表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。故选C。 15. —Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I ________ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——生日快乐！——谢谢！这是我能够希望得到的最好的礼物。A. should have wished本应该希望（但没有希望）；B. must have wished一定希望过，表示推测；C. may have wished可能希望过，表示推测；D. could have wished（过去）能够希望，表示能力。根据语境可知，对方送上生日礼物，此处表示对礼物的赞美，表达这个礼物是自己能够希望得到的最好的礼物，侧重一种能力。故选D。 16. Whatever ________ on her mind, she ________ a message and went straight away A. could be; must have left B. might have been; shouldn’t have left C. must have been; could have left D. should be; couldn’t have left 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：不管她在想什么，她都不应该留个口信就直接走了。分析句子结构可知，本句是虚拟语气，主句带有责备，用shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；whatever引导让步状语从句，从句中表示对过去情况不太肯定的推测，用might+have done。故选B项。 17. good use you have made of your time to study, there is still room for improvement. A. Whatever B. However C. Though D. Whether 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你多么好地利用你的时间去学习，仍然有进步的空间。A. Whatever无论什么；B. However 然而； C. Though尽管；D. Whether是否。make use of为固定短语，意为“利用”，make good use of在use前加上good，意为好好利用，且将good use提前。结合句意，此处需要一个表示无论多么且表让步的引导词，且连接空后的名词use。综合四个选项，Whatever符合题意。故选A项。 18. _________ with heavy loads of teaching _________ he later became an easy target of the flu． A. So tired was the teacher； that B. The teacher was so tired； which C Tired as the teacher； that D. Such was the tired teacher； which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查so…that句型与倒装。句意：教学任务不堪重负，这位老师很快就成了流感的目标。在so…that句型中，当so+形容词位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，故A项正确。 【点睛】本题的难度较大，注意在so…that句型中，当so+形容词位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，正常语序应该是：The teacher was so tired with heavy loads of teaching that he later became an easy target of the flu. 19. Adults, ____ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ____ children do not. A unless; but B. when; where C. although; and D. even if; unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句意：成年人过分关注名利时，有时看不到简单事物中的快乐，而孩子们却能看到其中的快乐。第一空引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和be动词，表示“当……时候”应用when；第二空引导定语从句，从句完整句子为children do not fail to see the joy，从句缺状语，修饰先行词simple things，指代抽象概念的事物，应用关系副词where。故选B。 20. _______is known to us all is that Johnson broke his promise ______ he would come to help me as soon as possible. A. It; that B. What; that C. As; which D. What; which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们都知道，Johnson违背了他会尽快来帮助我的诺言。分析句子结构可知，第一空为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用what，第二空为同位语从句，从句结构完整，所以用that解释promise的内容，故B项正确。 第二部分：阅读(共两节，每小题2分，满分40分) 第一节阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A Ways to save money at the cinema There’s nothing quite like seeing a new film on the big screen! Here’s how to make a few savings at the cinema. Get two tickets for the price of one Buy an insurance (保险) policy from Compare the Market and you’ll get free access to Meerkat Movies, which offers two for the price of one on tickets every Tuesday or Wednesday. Fortunately, there’s a chance to get this for around £1. All you need to do is buy a single day UK travel insurance! Get some free tickets The Club Lloyds current account offers six free tickets to use at Odeon or Vue and you’ll get these within a month of opening the account. You’ll need to add £2,000 to the account to cancel out a £3 monthly charge, but that money doesn’t need to be in one go or stay there — you can draw it straight back out. Buy special offer tickets From time to time there are deals running that offer cut price tickets. Sites like Groupon often sell bundles (套票) for the likes of Odeon and Vue that work out around £4 or £5 each. Other deals include National Cinema Day (usually in September) when all tickets are £3. 21. Why are you advised to buy an insurance policy from Compare the Market? A. To see new films for free. B. To travel UK for a single day. C. To access Meerkat Movies regularly. D. To make a few savings at the cinema. 22. What is the advantage of adding £2,000 to the Club Lloyds account? A. You can avoid a £3 monthly charge. B. You can get free tickets every month. C. You can have more free cinema tickets. D. You can get tickets in a convenient way. 23. How much do you pay for buying 3 cut price tickets on National Cinema Day? A. £3. B. £9. C. £12. D. £15. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种在电影院节省开支的方法。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Get two tickets for the price of one部分中“Buy an insurance (保险) policy from Compare the Market and you’ll get free access to Meerkat Movies, which offers two for the price of one on tickets every Tuesday or Wednesday. (在Compare the Market上买一份保险，你就可以免费观看Meerkat Movies，每周二或周三的电影票都有买一送一的优惠。)”可知，购买Compare the Market的保险政策可以免费获得Meerkat Movies的访问权限，该服务每周二或周三提供买一赠一的电影票优惠，从而在电影院节省开支。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Get some free tickets部分中“You’ll need to add £2,000 to the account to cancel out a £3 monthly charge, but that money doesn’t need to be in one go or stay there—you can draw it straight back out.(你需要在账户里存入2000英镑，以抵消每月3英镑的费用，但这笔钱不需要一次性存入，也不需要留在那里——你可以直接取出来。)”可知，向Club Lloyds账户添加2000英镑可以抵消每月3英镑的费用，但这笔钱不需要一次性存入或保留在账户中，可以立即取出。即你可以避免每月3英镑的费用。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Buy special offer tickets部分中“Other deals include National Cinema Day (usually in September) when all tickets are £3.(其他优惠还包括全国电影日(通常在9月)，所有票价为3英镑。)”可知，在全国电影日购买电影票，所有票价为3英镑，3张电影票为9英镑。故选B。 B When Colleen Telfer moved to Monash with her two daughters, none of them expected just how much it would change their lives. It started with buying the small town’s general store and ended with the Telfers volunteering together at a South Australian fire brigade (消防队). In the first two years of the store, she would see the Monash Country Fire Service (CFS) engines fly past, located just across the road. Whether they were getting into the trucks at a moment’s notice or coming into her shop for a feed, she got to know the brigade and decided to join them. Her desire to give back was shared by her 20-year-old daughter, Lara. “When the siren (警报器) would go off, I used to hate missing out,” Lara said. The pair joined in February last year, and about a year later they were joined by Colleen’s youngest daughter, 18-year-old Sophie. As a senior volunteer firefighter, Colleen’s responsibilities have grown to include driving the brigade’s trucks. “I know it is often male-dominated, but don’t look at it like that. Females are just as good as males in any role,” Colleen said. In November 2021, Georgie Cornish became the first woman to be appointed chief officer for the CFS. Ms. Cornish said there were still misconceptions that women might find it hard to do some jobs. “Women are sometimes better suited to some of those roles,” she said. “It’s very easy for us to assume that strength is everything we need in a firefighter. It’s not. Sometimes it’s agility and nimbleness (敏捷性和灵活性) that we actually need in the jobs we’re going to.” Being part of something greater has strengthened the Telfers’ mother-daughter connections in more ways than one. “As a mother, you do worry about your children, but we’re not there by ourselves,” Colleen said. “We’ve always got other firefighters around who can help us.” 24. What did Colleen decide to do after moving to Monash? A. Sell off her local store. B. Become a truck driver. C. Join CFS as a volunteer. D. Set up a volunteer fire brigade. 25. What is Lara’s attitude toward Colleen’s decision? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Thankful. 26. Which statement would Cornish agree with? A. Women are more likely to get hurt in fires. B. Women are less interested in physical work. C. Women are well aware of other people’s feelings. D. Women are capable of performing firefighting duties. 27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Celebrate women’s contributions to fire safety B. Meet the family fighting fires and misconceptions C. The real challenge of being a professional firefighter D. The continuing rise of female leadership in firefighting 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了科琳·特尔弗尔和她的女儿一起在南澳大利亚消防队做志愿者的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Whether they were getting into the trucks at a moment’s notice or coming into her shop for a feed, she got to know the brigade and decided to join them. (不管他们是在接到通知后马上上车，还是到她的店里来吃饭，她都了解了这个大队，并决定加入他们。)”可知，搬到门萨什后，科琳决定加入CFS做志愿者。故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Her desire to give back was shared by her 20-year-old daughter, Lara. ‘When the siren (警报器) would go off, I used to hate missing out,’ Lara said. (她20岁的女儿劳拉(Lara)也想回馈社会。“当警笛响起的时候，我讨厌错过，”劳拉说。)”可知，Lara对科琳的态度是支持的。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ms. Cornish said there were still misconceptions that women might find it hard to do some jobs. (科尼什说，仍然存在一些误解，认为女性可能很难从事某些工作。)”可知，科尼什认为女性有能力执行消防任务。故选D。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Whether they were getting into the trucks at a moment’s notice or coming into her shop for a feed, she got to know the brigade and decided to join them. (不管他们是在接到通知后马上上车，还是到她的店里来吃饭，她都了解了这个大队，并决定加入他们。)”以及最后一段“Being part of something greater has strengthened the Telfers’ mother-daughter connections in more ways than one. ‘As a mother, you do worry about your children, but we’re not there by ourselves,’ Colleen said. ‘We’ve always got other firefighters around who can help us.’ (成为更伟大事业的一部分，在多个方面加强了特尔弗母女之间的联系。科琳说:“作为一个母亲，你确实担心你的孩子，但我们不是独自一人。我们身边总是有其他消防员可以帮助我们。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了科琳和她的两个女儿一起在南澳大利亚消防队做志愿者的故事。故选B。 C You are what you eat-and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. But exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to figure out. “Everything has a genetic component even if it’s small,” says Joanne Cole, a geneticist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. “We know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. Can we take the next step and actually locate the regions in the genome (基因)?” New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, were presented last month at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual conference. The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U.K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to identify 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol. Further understanding how genetics impact how we eat could reveal differences in nutritional needs or disease risks. “One of the problems with a lot of these genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to really be able to identify genes in ways that are credible. This study had a huge group of people, so it’s really powerful.” says Monica Dus, a geneticist at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was really great is that there are so many different features that they’re measuring related to diet including cholesterol (胆固醇), the body and socioeconomic backgrounds.” As the research advances, Dus says, such genome analysis could potentially assist health care providers and even policymakers to address larger issues that affect food access and health. It’s definitely true that it may contribute to making sure there aren’t food deserts-areas which have limited access to fresh, healthy and affordable food or to making sure that there’s a higher minimum wage so that everyone can afford to eat, although the journey ahead remains lengthy and challenging. 28. How did researchers conduct the present study? A. By involving a substantial number of participants. B. By directly analyzing the data from a public database. C. By building on a previous study based on large-scale data. D. By identifying genome regions associated with dietary patterns. 29. Which statement will Monica Dus probably agree with? A. Powerful participants were involved in the current study. B. The methods employed for the previous studies were credible. C. The genome analyses have helped address larger social issues. D. Various features linked to diet were considered in the present study. 30. What is the text mainly about? A. The benefits of latest large-scale diet-related genome analyses. B. The contribution of genes to diet patters and food preferences. C. The significance of a newly published diet-related genome discovery. D. The introduction of a research on identifying diet-related genome regions. 31. Which one might the passage come from? A. National Geographic B. Sports Illustrated for kids C. Scientific American D. The Wall Street Journal 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于食物偏好与基因关系研究。研究人员通过大规模基因组分析，确定了481个与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关的基因组区域。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U.K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. (该团队的新研究基于科尔及其同事在2020年《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)上发表的一项研究，该研究使用了英国生物银行(U.K. Biobank)的数据，这是一个包含50万参与者遗传和健康信息的公共数据库)”可知，当前的研究是建立在先前一项基于大规模数据的研究之上的。故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中Monica Dus所说的“The other thing that I thought was really great is that there are so many different features that they’re measuring related to diet including cholesterol (胆固醇), the body and socioeconomic backgrounds.(另一件我认为非常棒的事情是他们测量了很多与饮食相关的不同特征，包括胆固醇，身体和社会经济背景)”可知，Monica Dus认为该研究考虑了与饮食相关的各种特征。故选D。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, were presented last month at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual conference.(科尔领导的一项新研究离这个目标又近了一步。通过大规模的基因组分析，她的团队已经确定了481个基因组区域，这些区域与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关。这些尚未经过同行评议的研究结果在上个月的美国营养学会年会上发表)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项确定饮食相关基因组区域的研究。故选D。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“We know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. Can we take the next step and actually locate the regions in the genome (基因)?(我们知道我们为什么吃我们吃的食物有一些遗传因素。我们能更进一步，定位基因组中的区域吗?)”和第二段中“New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, were presented last month at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual conference.(科尔领导的一项新研究离这个目标又近了一步。通过大规模的基因组分析，她的团队已经确定了481个基因组区域，这些区域与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关。这些尚未经过同行评议的研究结果在上个月的美国营养学会年会上发表)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项确定饮食相关基因组区域的研究，该研究确定了与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关的481个基因组区域。文章与科学研究相关，所以可能出自杂志《科学美国人》。故选C。 D For the arts “to mean more, to more people,” as Arts Council England (ACE) argues that they should, would be excellent. Music, drama, dance, visual arts, poetry and literature are among the most precious human achievements. To live in a country in which these are more widely shared and enjoyed would be proof that we are making progress. The point is not to entertain or educate people, or bring communities together. Nor is it all about boosting jobs and investment. Imagination has intrinsic (内在的) value, and research carried out by ACE in the course of preparing its 10-year strategy showed that people from all walks of life value and get pleasure from cultural activities. Positioning itself as a development agency, ACE will now hope to win government backing for a change of direction that orients it away from the biggest and most prestigious national institutions and towards the towns, villages and grassroots organizations that should be similarly deserving of attention. There, it envisions a role for itself “building the identity and prosperity of places,” bringing professional artists together with voluntary groups, particular in areas that have previously not been well represented on the cultural map. ACE’s chair, Sir Nicholas Serota, quotes the first world war centenary (百年纪念) project devised by the artist, Jeremy Deller, and theatre director, Rufus Norris, as the model of what he wants his organization to be about. By dressing up volunteers as soldiers, and orchestrating their encounters with members of the public in settings across England, the artists succeeded in “dissolving the barriers between artists and audiences.” The emphasis on participation — on culture as something that more people should actually do — is newer. This is the difference between being in a play or a band and buying tickets to watch them, and for ACE to play a more active role in promoting the former would be beneficial. This begins in childhood, and ACE clearly hopes that the government will think again about policies that have seen music, drama and other arts subjects systematically downgraded in favour of science, technology and maths. To what extent the vision is realized will depend in part on whether ACE’s ambitions catch the government’s interest sufficiently to influence the upcoming spending review, and provide a counterweight to the scorn (轻视) that is regularly poured on the humanities. Around £400m has been cut from local government arts budgets since 2010, and ACE cannot plug this gap. The closure of youth clubs and live music venues, and growing financial pressures linked to the property market, are among other reasons for this worrisome narrowing of opportunities. So far Boris Johnson has offered few signs that he has in mind a starring role for the arts in post-Brexit Britain, although 2022’s Festival of Brexit is one such event. ACE’s plan should boost the profile of all those, in government and outside, who are arguing for more. 32. The purpose of making arts available to more people is to __________. A. enlighten people from all walks of life B. consolidate various communities C. create job opportunities for artists D. maximize the natural value of art 33. According to the passage, ACE is most likely to promote the arts of ___________. A. national institutions B. commercial centers C. local governments D. towns and villages 34. Which of the following statements would Sir Nicholas Serota most probably agree with? A. Audiences with little education can also gain pleasure from cultural activities. B. Artists and audiences can create and enjoy the arts together without barriers. C. The soldiers and volunteers should vividly show scenes about the First World War. D. Science, technology and maths are more important than humanities and arts nowadays. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. For the arts to get revitalized more extensive efforts are needed. B. The current British government has done enough to promote arts. C. ACE should narrow the financial gap left by the local government. D. Many performing venues have closed due to the rising property market. 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了ACE希望艺术面向更多人，以及ACE为推动艺术发展所做的努力。ACE主席希望艺术能够消除艺术家和观众之间的障碍，让更多人参与其中，ACE还希望政府能够重视艺术，为艺术发展提供支持。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“For the arts “to mean more, to more people,” as Arts Council England (ACE) argues that they should, would be excellent. Music, drama, dance, visual arts, poetry and literature are among the most precious human achievements. To live in a country in which these are more widely shared and enjoyed would be proof that we are making progress.”（正如英格兰艺术委员会(ACE)所主张的那样，艺术“对更多人意味着更多”是非常好的。音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、视觉艺术、诗歌和文学是人类最宝贵的成就之一。生活在一个这些艺术被更广泛分享和享受的国家将证明我们正在取得进步。）可知，ACE认为让更多人接触到艺术是非常好的，因为艺术是人类最宝贵的成就之一，生活在一个艺术被广泛分享和享受的国家，证明了这个国家正在取得进步。由此可知，让更多人接触到艺术的目的是最大化艺术的自然价值。故选D。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Positioning itself as a development agency, ACE will now hope to win government backing for a change of direction that orients it away from the biggest and most prestigious national institutions and towards the towns, villages and grassroots organizations that should be similarly deserving of attention.”（作为一个发展机构，ACE现在希望赢得政府的支持，以改变其方向，使其远离最大和最负盛名的国家机构，转向同样值得关注的城镇、村庄和基层组织。）可知，ACE希望将艺术推广到城镇、村庄和基层组织。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“ACE’s chair, Sir Nicholas Serota, quotes the first world war centenary (百年纪念) project devised by the artist, Jeremy Deller, and theatre director, Rufus Norris, as the model of what he wants his organization to be about. By dressing up volunteers as soldiers, and orchestrating their encounters with members of the public in settings across England, the artists succeeded in “dissolving the barriers between artists and audiences.”（ACE主席Nicholas Serota爵士引用艺术家 Jeremy Deller 和戏剧导演 Rufus Norris设计的第一次世界大战百年纪念项目，作为他希望自己组织成为什么样的榜样。通过让志愿者装扮成士兵，并在英格兰各地的环境中安排他们与公众的相遇，艺术家们成功地“消除了艺术家和观众之间的障碍。”）可知，ACE主席Nicholas Serota爵士希望ACE能够像第一次世界大战百年纪念项目一样，消除艺术家和观众之间的障碍，让艺术家和观众能够一起创造和享受艺术。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To what extent the vision is realized will depend in part on whether ACE’s ambitions catch the government’s interest sufficiently to influence the upcoming spending review, and provide a counterweight to the scorn (轻视) that is regularly poured on the humanities.”（这一愿景在多大程度上得以实现，将在一定程度上取决于ACE的雄心是否足以引起政府的兴趣，从而影响即将到来的支出审查，并制衡人们对人文学科的蔑视）以及“So far Boris Johnson has offered few signs that he has in mind a starring role for the arts in post-Brexit Britain, although 2022’s Festival of Brexit is one such event. ACE’s plan should boost the profile of all those, in government and outside, who are arguing for more.”（到目前为止，Boris Johnson几乎没有迹象表明他打算在英国脱欧后的英国扮演主角，尽管2022年的英国脱欧节是这样一个事件。ACE 的计划应该会提高政府内外所有主张更多的人的形象。）可知，ACE 的计划能否实现，部分取决于ACE的雄心是否能引起政府的兴趣，从而影响即将到来的支出审查，并为经常被轻视的人文学科提供一个平衡。ACE的计划应该会提高政府内外所有主张更多的人的形象。由此可知，要使艺术得到振兴，需要更广泛的努力。故选A。 第二节七选五(每小题2分，满分10分，涂卡时选E 涂 AB, 选 F 涂 BC, 选 G 涂 CD) When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T-shirt made from 100% organic (有机的) cotton, because everyone knows that organic is better for Earth. And in some way it is; in conventional cotton-farming, pesticides (杀虫剂) strip the soil of life. But that green label doesn’t tell the whole story. Or the possibility that the T-shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harsh industrial chemicals, which can pollute local groundwater. ___36___ It’s a question that most of us are ill equipped to answer, even as the debate over what is and isn’t green becomes all-important in a hot and crowded world. ___37___ We evolved to respond to threats that were clear and present. That’s why, when we eat spoiled food, we get disgusted and when we see a bright light, we shut our eyes. ___38___ Scanning the supermarket aisles, we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose — and probably couldn’t make sense of the information even if we had it. But what if we could seamlessly calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies? What if we could think ecologically? That’s what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. Using a young science called industrial ecology, businesses and green activists alike are beginning to compile the environmental and biological impact of our every decision — and delivering that information to consumers in a user-friendly way. ___39___ “We can know the causes of what we’re doing, and we can know the impact of what we’re doing,” says Goleman. ___40___ It’s also about our ability to accept that we live in an infinitely connected world with finite resources. Golem an highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for millenniums, villagers have survived harsh conditions by carefully conserving every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. “We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts,” says Goleman. “Not anymore.” A. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T-shirt green? B. That’s thinking ecologically — understanding the global environmental consequences of our choices. C. It’s going to have a radical impact on the way we do business. D. Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. E. Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well? F. But nothing in evolution has prepared us to understand the accumulative impact industrial chemicals may have on us. G. That’s because our ability to make complex products with complex supply chains has outpaced our ability to comprehend the consequences. 【答案】36. A 37. G 38. F 39. B 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，本文探讨了环保意识与实际行动之间的差距，指出虽然人们希望通过购买有机棉制品等行为来保护环境，但实际上，这些行为可能伴随其他环境问题，如染料污染等。由于我们缺乏全面了解产品全生命周期影响的能力，决策常常困难。心理学家丹尼尔·戈尔曼在其新书《生态智能》中提出，通过工业生态学，消费者可以获取产品的环境和生物影响信息，从而做出更明智的选择。 【36题详解】 上文“And in some way it is; in conventional cotton-farming, pesticides (杀虫剂) strip the soil of life. But that green label doesn’t tell the whole story. Or the possibility that the T-shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harsh industrial chemicals, which can pollute local groundwater.(在某种程度上，确实如此；在传统的棉花种植中，农药夺走了土壤中的生命。但绿色标签并不能说明一切。或者T恤可能是用刺激性的工业化学品染色的，这会污染当地的地下水)”提到绿色环保T恤也可能暗藏着污染。A项“If you knew all that, would you still consider the T-shirt green?(如果你知道这一切，你还会认为这件T恤是绿色环保的吗?)”承接上文，用问题提出这一事实引发的思考，同时与第二段首句“It’s a question that most of us are ill equipped to answer(这是一个我们大多数人都没有能力回答的问题)”中“question”相照应。故选A项。 【37题详解】 上文“It’s a question that most of us are ill equipped to answer, even as the debate over what is and isn’t green becomes all-important in a hot and crowded world.(在一个炎热拥挤的世界里，即使关于什么是绿色的争论变得非常重要，这也是一个我们大多数人都没有能力回答的问题)”指出我们无法回答什么是绿色环保这一问题，G项“That’s because our ability to make complex products with complex supply chains has outpaced our ability to comprehend the consequences.(这是因为我们用复杂的供应链制造复杂产品的能力已经超过了我们理解后果的能力)”解释了原因：复杂的供应链制造的复杂产品超出了我们的理解能力，上下文构成因果关系。故选G项。 【38题详解】 上文“We evolved to respond to threats that were clear and present. That’s why, when we eat spoiled food, we get disgusted and when we see a bright light, we shut our eyes.(我们进化到能够对明确而现实的威胁做出反应。这就是为什么，当我们吃变质的食物时，我们会感到厌恶，当我们看到明亮的光线时，我们会闭上眼睛)”说明进化让人类具有对危险做出本能反应的能力，F项“But nothing in evolution has prepared us to understand the accumulative impact industrial chemicals may have on us.(但在进化过程中，我们还没有准备好去理解工业化学品可能对我们产生的累积影响)”与上文构成转折关系，进一步说明进化并没有让我们拥有应对工业化学品的能力，句中“nothing in evolution”与上文“We evolved to”相照应。故选F项。 【39题详解】 上文“That’s what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. Using a young science called industrial ecology, businesses and green activists alike are beginning to compile the environmental and biological impact of our every decision — and delivering that information to consumers in a user-friendly way.(这就是心理学家丹尼尔·戈尔曼在他即将出版的新书《生态智能》中所描述的。利用一门叫做工业生态学的新兴科学，企业和绿色活动人士都开始汇编我们每一个决定对环境和生物的影响，并以一种友好的方式将这些信息传递给消费者)”提出工业生态学这一理念，B项“That’s thinking ecologically — understanding the global environmental consequences of our choices.(那就是从生态角度思考——理解我们的选择对全球环境造成的后果)”承接上文，进一步说明这一理念的意义，同时照应下文“We can know the causes of what we’re doing, and we can know the impact of what we’re doing(我们可以知道我们所做的事情的原因，我们可以知道我们所做的事情的影响)”中“know the impact”这一说法，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 【40题详解】 根据下文“It’s also about our ability to accept that we live in an infinitely connected world with finite resources.(这也关系到我们是否有能力接受我们生活在一个资源有限、联系无限的世界里)”中副词“also”可推知，上下文是并列关系。D项“Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy.(生态智能最终不仅仅是关于我们买什么)”中“more than”与下文“also”相照应，两个句子介绍了生态智能的意义。故选D项。 第三部分：完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分) In the summer of 2018, I decided to do a solo expedition (独自探险) across Antarctica. To get some ____41____, I did a two-week training course. I learned all the ____42____: how to camp in the snow, how to pull a sled and what clothing to wear. In October, I flew to Antarctica from Punta Arenas. I’d allowed 70 days, which would make it the longest ____43____ one-way expedition across Antarctica I only took ____44____. I didn’t even take a hairbrush. The first few days were ____45____. The winds were about 60 mph, and my sled weighed 120 kg. Even if the visibility is good, you can’t ____46____ much — it’s a white horizon. I was on the move for 13 to 15 hours a day. Then, I found the conditions to be much worse. There was more sastrugi (雪脊) and it felt colder. The last 40 hours were really hard. I ____47____ about 14 times every two hours. As a result, I fell behind ____48____. In the end, I ____49____ 922 miles and fell more than 100 miles short of my goal. Towards the end of my trip, a helicopter flew to pick me up. The ____50____ I felt when I saw the dot in the distance was unbelievable. It took me a while to be ____51____ of what I’d achieved, because I had failed to reach my ____52____ goal, but I’ve learned it’s ____53____to move the goalposts. I don’t agree with the idea of conquering (征服) somewhere. You treat places with ____54____ and hope they’ll allow you ____55____ passage. 41. A. donation B. experience C. attention D. rescue 42. A. basics B. risks C. benefits D. aids 43. A. cooperative B. romantic C. unsupported D. abnormal 44. A. companions B. necessities C. cashes D. credits 45. A. pleasant B. calm C. tough D. lucky 46. A. talk B. hear C. feel D. see 47. A. fell over B. dropped out C. looked away D. put up 48. A. fundraising B. supply C. schedule D. homework 49. A. measured B. designed C. searched D. covered 50. A. burden B. relief C. pain D. anxiety 51. A. proud B. skeptical C. shy D. ashamed 52. A. insignificant B. unbearable C. disturbing D. initial 53. A. regrettable B. unnecessary C. acceptable D. inappropriate 54. A. respect B. courage C. carelessness D. coldness 55. A. narrow B. safe C. limited D. challenging 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者2018年穿越南极洲的单人探险，一路上遇到了很多困难，虽然最后没有达到最初的目标，但作者还是为自己感到骄傲。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了获得一些经验，我参加了一个为期两周的培训课程。A. donation捐赠；B. experience经历；C. attention注意力；D. rescue救援。根据后文“I did a two-week training course”可知，参加培训课程是为了获得经验。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会了所有的基本知识：如何在雪地里露营，如何拉雪橇以及穿什么衣服。A. basics基础；B. risks风险；C. benefits利益；D. aids帮助。后文“how to camp in the snow, how to pull a sled and what clothing to wear”是作者学到的基本知识。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我安排了70天的时间，这将使它成为穿越南极洲最长的无支持的单程探险A. cooperative合作的；B. romantic浪漫的；C. unsupported无支持的；D. abnormal反常的。呼应上文“do a solo expedition”作者是独自去的，所以无支持。故选C。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只带了必需品。A. companions同伴；B. necessities必需品；C. cashes现金；D. credits信用。根据后文“I didn’t even take a hairbrush.(我甚至都没带梳子)”可知，作者只带了必需品上路。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初的几天很难熬。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. calm平静的；C. tough艰难的；D. lucky幸运的。根据后文“The winds were about 60mph, and my sled weighed 120kg.(风速约为每小时60英里，我的雪橇重达120公斤)”可知，一开始很困难，风速约为每小时60英里，雪橇重达120公斤。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使能见度很好，你也看不见很多东西——这是一片白色的地平线。A. talk谈话；B. hear听见；C. feel感觉；D. see看见。上文“Even if the visibility is good”提到了能见度，对应的是看到东西，故选D。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我每两个小时摔倒14次。A. fell over摔倒；B. dropped out辍学；C. looked away转移目光；D. put up放置。上文“Then, I found the conditions to be much worse.”提到了情况更糟糕了，结合上文提到风速大，视野差，说明作者经常摔倒，选项中fell over符合语境。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，我落后于计划。A. fundraising资金筹集；B. supply供给量；C. schedule计划；D. homework家庭作业。根据后文“fell more than 100 miles short of my goal”可知，作者落后于计划了。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我走了922英里，离我的目标还差100多英里。A. measured测量；B. designed设计；C. searched搜索；D. covered覆盖，行走。根据后文“922 miles”表示走了多少距离，应用动词cover。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到远处的那个点时，我感到难以置信的宽慰。A. burden负担；B. relief安慰；C. pain痛苦；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后文“I felt when I saw the dot in the distance was unbelievable”可知，作者到达了终点，所以是感到宽慰。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了一段时间才为我所取得的成就感到自豪，因为我没有达到我最初的目标，但我知道改变目标是可以接受的。A. proud骄傲的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. shy害羞的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据后文“of what I’d achieved”指为取得的成就感到自豪，应用be proud of。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了一段时间才为我所取得的成就感到自豪，因为我没有达到我最初的目标，但我知道改变目标是可以接受的。A. insignificant不重要的；B. unbearable难以忍受的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. initial最初的。根据上文“because I had failed to reach my”以及后文提到了改变目标可以接受，说明作者没能达到最初的目标。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了一段时间才为我所取得的成就感到自豪，因为我没有达到我最初的目标，但我知道改变目标是可以接受的。A. regrettable后悔的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. inappropriate不合适的。上文“ It took me a while to be  11 of what I’d achieved, because I had failed to reach my  12 goal, but I’ve learned it’s”中but表示转折，说明虽然没有达到最初目标，但指导改变目标也是可以接受的。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你以尊重的态度对待每个地方，希望它们能让你安全通行。A. respect尊重；B. courage勇气；C. carelessness粗心；D. coldness寒冷。根据上文“I don’t agree with the idea of conquering somewhere.(我不同意征服某个地方的想法)”可知，作者认为要尊重对待每个地方。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你以尊重的态度对待每个地方，希望它们能让你安全通行。A. narrow狭窄的；B. safe安全的；C. limited有限的；D. challenging挑战性的。根据上文“hope they’ll allow you”指尊重每一个地方，他们才能让你安全通行。故选B。 第四部分：语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For you, the “Clear and Bright” day that falls in every April might be no more than just another holiday - the fact that it comes with three days off school ____56____ (matter) to most students much more than the fact that it is part of the 24 solar terms. But the UNESCO has recognized the importance of the 24 solar terms.This ancient system that Chinese people have used to keep track of the time of year ___57___ (add) to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 30. For starters, you may have heard your mom say: “The sanfu days are almost over.The heat won’t be here for long.” The sanfu days are a period of time that falls in summer, somewhere ____58____ Minor Heat (in July) and Autumn Equinox(in September).The coldest days, or the sanjiu days, are similar.They cover the 27 days ____59____ (follow)Winter Solstice. In some places, solar terms guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural events and healthy living tips.For example, people from ____60____ (north) China are in the habit of eating dumplings on the day of Winter Solstice.And on Start of Autumn, some people treat____61____ to a big feast, especially of meat, something they call“putting on autumn weight”, or tieqiubiao. But no matter ____62____ differently people celebrate the 24 solar terms, they have been here for a long time and could last forever According to Chinese writer and academic Yu Shicun, unlike many other examples of intangible cultural heritage -Peking Opera and Chinese Zhusuan, for example -the solar terms are ____63____ regional (地域的) nor a type of art or skill. Instead, the system is a philosophy of time, ____64____ applies to everything.And this means they are ___65___ (likely) to die out. 【答案】56. matters 57. was added 58. between 59. following 60. northern 61. themselves 62. how 63. neither 64. which 65. unlikely 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气的历史、文化习俗及其在现代生活中的重要性。 【56题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对大多数学生来说，放三天假比它是二十四节气的一部分重要得多。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。主语the fact为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填matters。 【57题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：这个中国人用来记录时间的古老系统于11月30日被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产名录。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语on Nov 30可知，句子用一般过去时，主语system与add之间是被动关系。故填was added。 【58题详解】 考查介词。句意：三伏天是夏天的一段时间，介于小暑和秋分之间。between A and B表示“在A和B之间”，故填between。 【59题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们涵盖了冬至之后的27天。空处需要非谓语动词作定语，the 27 days与follow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作定语。故填following。 【60题详解】  考查形容词。句意：例如，北方人习惯在冬至吃饺子。空处修饰名词China，用形容词作定语，north的形容词为northern“北方的”。故填northern。 【61题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：在立秋时，有些人会为自己准备一顿大餐，尤其是肉，他们称之为“贴秋膘”。treat oneself to表示“请自己吃”，主语为 some people，所以反身代词用themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 【62题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：但无论人们庆祝二十四节气的方式有多么不同，它们已经存在很长时间，并且可能会永远存在下去。根据句意可知，此处表示“无论人们庆祝二十四节气的方式有多么不同”，no matter how表示“无论多么”，引导让步状语从句。故填how。 【63题详解】  考查固定搭配。句意：与许多其他非物质文化遗产的例子不同——例如京剧和中国珠算——二十四节气既不是地域性的，也不是一种艺术或技能。neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 【64题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：相反，这个系统是一种时间哲学，适用于一切。空处引导非限定性定语从句。先行词是a philosophy of time，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 【65题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这意味着它们不太可能消失。空处需要形容词作表语，此处表示“不可能消失”。unlikely为形容词“不可能的”,符合语境。故填unlikely。 第五部分：词汇部分(共20题，每题1分，满分20分) 第一节根据单词首字母及所给中文写出单词的正确形式(共7分，每题1分) 66. Together, i_____________(个人；个体) can make a difference. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】individuals##ndividuals 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：个人或个体一起可以有所作为。“个人；个体”作主语，根据首字母提示，应用可数名词individual，结合句意和“Together”可知，指很多个体在一起，应用名词复数。故填individuals。 67. Faced with challenges, she always takes the i__________________ (主动权) to step forward, rather than waiting for guidance. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】initiative##nitiative 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：面对挑战，她总是主动向前迈进，而不是等待指导。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词和首字母，应是initiative意为“主动权”。故填initiative。 68. He is widely respected as a man of __________________ (正直；诚实) who always stays true to his principles.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】honesty 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他作为一个诚实的人而广受尊敬，他总是忠于自己的原则。根据汉语提示“正直，诚实”可知，此处为名词honesty，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填honesty。 69. Children are often very good at i__________________(融入) into a new culture. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】integrating##ntegrating 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们往往很善于融入一种新的文化。根据所给中文提示词和首字母，应是integrate意为“融入”，为动词，空前是介词，所以空处应填动名词作宾语。故填integrating。 70. The UN Security Council is debating whether to authorize military i__________________(干预; 介入) to protect civilians trapped in the war zone. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】interference##nterference 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：联合国安理会正在讨论是否授权军事干预以保护被困在战区平民。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作authorize的宾语，根据所给中文提示词和首字母，应是interference意为“干预；介入”。故填interference。 71. Make sure you keep a well-stocked first aid k__________________ (成套工具；成套设备) ready to deal with any emergency. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】kit##it 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：确保你准备好一个装备齐全的急救箱，以应对任何紧急情况。根据首字母以及汉语提示可知，空处需要名词kit“成套工具；成套设备”。a well-stocked first aid kit“一个装备齐全的急救箱”，在句中作宾语。故填kit。 72. She was asked the same question so many times that the answer became __________________(机械的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】mechanical 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：同样的问题被问了太多次，她的回答变得呆板了。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据所给中文提示词，应是mechanical意为“机械的”。故填mechanical。 第二节根据句意，用所给单词的正确形式填空(共7分，每题1分) 73. Sadly, _______________(fortune) never comes singly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】misfortune 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：不幸的是，祸不单行。空处作主语，表示“不幸”应用名词misfortune。故填misfortune。 74. ________(judge) from her accent, she must be from Sichuan. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Judging 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从她的口音判断，她一定是四川人。分析句子，句中must be为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。judge from意为“从……来判断”与逻辑主语是主动关系，所以用现在分词在句中作状语。故填Judging。 75. She _______________ (low) her eyes, shaking her head slightly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lowered 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：她低下眼睛，微微摇了摇头。空处需要动词作谓语。low的动词形式为lower“降低”。句子陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时态。故填lowered。 76. The broken window was replaced last week during the routine _______________ (maintain) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】maintenance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：上周在例行维护期间更换了破碎的窗户。空处需要名词作during的宾语。maintain的名词形式为maintenance“维护”，为不可数名词，故填maintenance。 77. It was Chaucer who really turned English into a _______________(literature) language.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】literal 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：真正把英语变成文字语言的人是乔叟。修饰名词language，需用形容词literal，作定语。故填literal。 78. His decision to quit this job was _______________ (just), by the poor working conditions and low pay. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】justified 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他辞掉这份工作的决定是合理的，因为工作条件差，工资又低。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，用just的形容词形式justified意为“合乎情理；事出有因”符合语境。故填justified。 79. After conducting thorough research, he made an _______________ (inform)choice about his future career path. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】informed 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在进行彻底的研究后，他对未来的职业道路做出了明智的选择。空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语。inform的形容词为informed“有见识的；明智的”，an informed choice“有依据的选择，明智的选择”。故填informed。 第三节根据句意，选择适当词组并用其正确形式填空(共6分，每题1分) 选词填空 make for let alone jump at at the mercy of make out throw light on knock into for lack of 80. The little ship was _______________ the storm, fiercely shaken by the waves. 81. Police dropped the charges against him _____________ sufficient evidence. 82. In recent years, the in-depth research _______________ the causes of the disease offering hope for future treatments. 83. I can’t even solve basic math problems, _______________ complex ones. 84. She showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can _______________ a remarkable life. 85. He was in such a hurry that he almost _______________ me, and mumbled an apology as he rushed by. 【答案】80. at the mercy of 81. for lack of 82. has thrown light on 83. let alone 84. make for 85. knocked into 【解析】 【80题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：小船任凭风浪摆布，被海浪猛烈地摇晃着。根据“fiercely shaken by the waves”可知，此处表示“任凭风浪摆布”，应用介词短语at the mercy of，意为“任凭……摆布”。故填at the mercy of。 【81题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：由于缺乏足够的证据，警方撤销了对他的指控。根据“dropped the charges against him”可知，此处表示“由于缺乏足够的证据”，应用介词短语for lack of，意为“由于缺乏”。故填for lack of。 【82题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：近年来，对该疾病的深入研究为未来的治疗提供了希望。根据“offering hope for future treatments”可推知，此处表示“对该疾病的深入研究”，应用动词短语throw light on，意为“阐明；使……更容易理解”，结合时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语“the in-depth research”为单数，助动词用has。故填has thrown light on。 【83题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我甚至解决不了基本的数学问题，更不用说复杂的了。根据句意I can’t even solve basic math problems”以及“complex ones，表示“更不用说”，用固定短语let alone。故填let alone。 【84题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：她向我们表明，即使是一个单一的愿望，只要不放弃，也能造就非凡的人生。根据“even a single desire, never given up on”以及“a remarkable life”可知，此处表示“造就非凡的人生”，应用动词短语make for，意为“导致，促成”，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填make for。 【85题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他如此匆忙，几乎撞到了我，他从身边冲过时喃喃地道歉。根据“He was in such a hurry”以及“mumbled an apology as he rushed by”可知，此处表示“几乎撞到了我”，应用动词短语knock into，意为“撞到”，结合“was”可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填knocked into。 第六部分：写作(满分20分，15分+卷面分5分) 86. 假定你是李华，你注意到你校学生很少进行英语文学阅读。请你给全校同学用英语写封倡议书，倡导大家多阅读英语文学作品。内容包括： 1. 介绍现状并分析原因； 2. 你对阅读英语文学作品的看法； 3. 发出倡议。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear fellow students, Currently, most students in our school read little English literature because they consider it too difficult. Also, they don’t think it necessary to do so. In my view, however, English literature is what we can’t afford to miss. It offers us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English and have a taste of different cultures. Better yet, it allows us to communicate with those great minds. Therefore, I appeal to every one of you to read more English literature and I believe you won’t regret it! 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，要求考生向全校同学写封倡导多阅读英语文学作品的倡议书，其中介绍现状并分析原因，对阅读英语文学作品的看法，并发起倡议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 必要的：necessary → essential 在某人看来：in one’s view → in one’s opinion/ in one’s eyes 然而：however → nevertheless 提供：offer → provide 机会：opportunity → chance 欣赏：appreciate → admire 更好的是：better yet → better still 因此：therefore → hence 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： It offers us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English and have a taste of different cultures. 拓展句：Not only does it offer us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English, but it allows us to have a taste of different cultures. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Currently, most students in our school read little English literature because they consider it too difficult.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】 Also, they don’t think it necessary to do so. （运用了it作形式宾语） 【高分句型3】In my view, however, English literature is what we can’t afford to miss. （运用了what引导的表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 深圳外国语学校2023级高二年级英语学科 高二上学期开学测试 第一部分：单项选择(共20小题，每题1分，满分20分) 1. Was it in the room _____ Mr. Johnson lived _____ the exhibition was held? A. which; that B. where; that C. where; where D. where; which 2. It must be the reason _____ Mike refused to say more about it for at the meeting______ aroused the suspicion of the detective. A. which…that B. why…that C. which…which D. that…which 3. The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A. that; that B. that; when C. when; that D. when; when 4. ---I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning? ---It was in his office ____ he worked. A. where B. which C. that D. the one 5. The theory he sticks to _______ to be of no use in his new work ______ he finds it hard to fit in. A. is proved; where B. proves; with which C. proving; to which D. prove; how 6. The policeman analyses the chief reasons ________ some cyclists and pedestrians will get caught in traffic accidents and ________they should do to prevent them. A. when; that B. why; how C why; what D. that; where 7. Sustainable development is all about creating better health care, education, housing and improved standard of living for everyone, which is a simple idea, is hard to put into practice. A. one B. the one C. one that D. that 8. It is a different world but one ______ offers huge challenges to ambitious young people interested in ______ our universe works. A. which; what B. which; why C. that; how D. that; that 9. Frankly speaking, such efficient strategies were applied in English learning practice _______ every student could benefit from in life. A. when B. that C. as D. where 10 The last thirty years _____ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we have reached a stage _____ we have almost no rights at all. A. saw; which B. see; where C. are seeing; in which D. have seen; where 11. Sweet memories ______ as I looked at the pictures _____were taken at the beach last summer. A. took out; which B. crowded in; which C. ended up; that D. dropped by; that 12. Finding that Big Jim was always daydreaming when working, the manager was surprised that the absent-minded worker _____. A. should have been fired B. should be fired C. should not have been fired D. should not be fired 13. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars________road conditions need________. A. that；to be improved B. which；to be improved C. where；improving D. when；improving 14. I dare ________ that without your help, we ________ so much progress in our work. A. say; can’t make B. to say; couldn’t make C. say; couldn’t have made D. to say; shouldn’t have made 15. —Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I ________ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 16. Whatever ________ on her mind, she ________ a message and went straight away A. could be; must have left B. might have been; shouldn’t have left C. must have been; could have left D. should be; couldn’t have left 17. good use you have made of your time to study, there is still room for improvement. A. Whatever B. However C. Though D. Whether 18. _________ with heavy loads of teaching _________ he later became an easy target of the flu． A. So tired was the teacher； that B. The teacher was so tired； which C. Tired as the teacher； that D. Such was the tired teacher； which 19. Adults, ____ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ____ children do not. A. unless; but B. when; where C. although; and D. even if; unless 20. _______is known to us all is that Johnson broke his promise ______ he would come to help me as soon as possible. A. It; that B. What; that C. As; which D. What; which 第二部分：阅读(共两节，每小题2分，满分40分) 第一节阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A Ways to save money at the cinema There’s nothing quite like seeing a new film on the big screen! Here’s how to make a few savings at the cinema. Get two tickets for the price of one Buy an insurance (保险) policy from Compare the Market and you’ll get free access to Meerkat Movies, which offers two for the price of one on tickets every Tuesday or Wednesday. Fortunately, there’s a chance to get this for around £1. All you need to do is buy a single day UK travel insurance! Get some free tickets The Club Lloyds current account offers six free tickets to use at Odeon or Vue and you’ll get these within a month of opening the account. You’ll need to add £2,000 to the account to cancel out a £3 monthly charge, but that money doesn’t need to be in one go or stay there — you can draw it straight back out. Buy special offer tickets From time to time there are deals running that offer cut price tickets. Sites like Groupon often sell bundles (套票) for the likes of Odeon and Vue that work out around £4 or £5 each. Other deals include National Cinema Day (usually in September) when all tickets are £3. 21. Why are you advised to buy an insurance policy from Compare the Market? A. To see new films for free. B. To travel UK for a single day. C. To access Meerkat Movies regularly. D. To make a few savings at the cinema. 22. What is the advantage of adding £2,000 to the Club Lloyds account? A. You can avoid a £3 monthly charge. B. You can get free tickets every month. C. You can have more free cinema tickets. D. You can get tickets in a convenient way. 23. How much do you pay for buying 3 cut price tickets on National Cinema Day? A. £3. B. £9. C. £12. D. £15. B When Colleen Telfer moved to Monash with her two daughters, none of them expected just how much it would change their lives. It started with buying the small town’s general store and ended with the Telfers volunteering together at a South Australian fire brigade (消防队). In the first two years of the store, she would see the Monash Country Fire Service (CFS) engines fly past, located just across the road. Whether they were getting into the trucks at a moment’s notice or coming into her shop for a feed, she got to know the brigade and decided to join them. Her desire to give back was shared by her 20-year-old daughter, Lara. “When the siren (警报器) would go off, I used to hate missing out,” Lara said. The pair joined in February last year, and about a year later they were joined by Colleen’s youngest daughter, 18-year-old Sophie. As a senior volunteer firefighter, Colleen’s responsibilities have grown to include driving the brigade’s trucks. “I know it is often male-dominated, but don’t look at it like that. Females are just as good as males in any role,” Colleen said. In November 2021, Georgie Cornish became the first woman to be appointed chief officer for the CFS. Ms. Cornish said there were still misconceptions that women might find it hard to do some jobs. “Women are sometimes better suited to some of those roles,” she said. “It’s very easy for us to assume that strength is everything we need in a firefighter. It’s not. Sometimes it’s agility and nimbleness (敏捷性和灵活性) that we actually need in the jobs we’re going to.” Being part of something greater has strengthened the Telfers’ mother-daughter connections in more ways than one. “As a mother, you do worry about your children, but we’re not there by ourselves,” Colleen said. “We’ve always got other firefighters around who can help us.” 24. What did Colleen decide to do after moving to Monash? A. Sell off her local store. B. Become a truck driver. C. Join CFS as a volunteer. D. Set up a volunteer fire brigade. 25. What is Lara’s attitude toward Colleen’s decision? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Thankful. 26. Which statement would Cornish agree with? A. Women are more likely to get hurt in fires. B. Women are less interested in physical work. C. Women are well aware of other people’s feelings. D. Women are capable of performing firefighting duties. 27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Celebrate women’s contributions to fire safety B. Meet the family fighting fires and misconceptions C. The real challenge of being a professional firefighter D. The continuing rise of female leadership in firefighting C You are what you eat-and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. But exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to figure out. “Everything has a genetic component even if it’s small,” says Joanne Cole, a geneticist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. “We know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat. Can we take the next step and actually locate the regions in the genome (基因)?” New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, were presented last month at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual conference. The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U.K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500,000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to identify 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol. Further understanding how genetics impact how we eat could reveal differences in nutritional needs or disease risks. “One of the problems with a lot of these genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to really be able to identify genes in ways that are credible. This study had a huge group of people, so it’s really powerful.” says Monica Dus, a geneticist at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was really great is that there are so many different features that they’re measuring related to diet including cholesterol (胆固醇), the body and socioeconomic backgrounds.” As the research advances, Dus says, such genome analysis could potentially assist health care providers and even policymakers to address larger issues that affect food access and health. It’s definitely true that it may contribute to making sure there aren’t food deserts-areas which have limited access to fresh, healthy and affordable food or to making sure that there’s a higher minimum wage so that everyone can afford to eat, although the journey ahead remains lengthy and challenging. 28. How did researchers conduct the present study? A. By involving a substantial number of participants. B. By directly analyzing the data from a public database. C. By building on a previous study based on large-scale data. D. By identifying genome regions associated with dietary patterns. 29. Which statement will Monica Dus probably agree with? A. Powerful participants were involved in the current study. B. The methods employed for the previous studies were credible. C. The genome analyses have helped address larger social issues. D. Various features linked to diet were considered in the present study. 30. What is the text mainly about? A. The benefits of latest large-scale diet-related genome analyses. B. The contribution of genes to diet patters and food preferences. C. The significance of a newly published diet-related genome discovery. D. The introduction of a research on identifying diet-related genome regions. 31. Which one might the passage come from? A. National Geographic B. Sports Illustrated for kids C. Scientific American D. The Wall Street Journal D For the arts “to mean more, to more people,” as Arts Council England (ACE) argues that they should, would be excellent. Music, drama, dance, visual arts, poetry and literature are among the most precious human achievements. To live in a country in which these are more widely shared and enjoyed would be proof that we are making progress. The point is not to entertain or educate people, or bring communities together. Nor is it all about boosting jobs and investment. Imagination has intrinsic (内在的) value, and research carried out by ACE in the course of preparing its 10-year strategy showed that people from all walks of life value and get pleasure from cultural activities. Positioning itself as a development agency, ACE will now hope to win government backing for a change of direction that orients it away from the biggest and most prestigious national institutions and towards the towns, villages and grassroots organizations that should be similarly deserving of attention. There, it envisions a role for itself “building the identity and prosperity of places,” bringing professional artists together with voluntary groups, particular in areas that have previously not been well represented on the cultural map. ACE’s chair, Sir Nicholas Serota, quotes the first world war centenary (百年纪念) project devised by the artist, Jeremy Deller, and theatre director, Rufus Norris, as the model of what he wants his organization to be about. By dressing up volunteers as soldiers, and orchestrating their encounters with members of the public in settings across England, the artists succeeded in “dissolving the barriers between artists and audiences.” The emphasis on participation — on culture as something that more people should actually do — is newer. This is the difference between being in a play or a band and buying tickets to watch them, and for ACE to play a more active role in promoting the former would be beneficial. This begins in childhood, and ACE clearly hopes that the government will think again about policies that have seen music, drama and other arts subjects systematically downgraded in favour of science, technology and maths. To what extent the vision is realized will depend in part on whether ACE’s ambitions catch the government’s interest sufficiently to influence the upcoming spending review, and provide a counterweight to the scorn (轻视) that is regularly poured on the humanities. Around £400m has been cut from local government arts budgets since 2010, and ACE cannot plug this gap. The closure of youth clubs and live music venues, and growing financial pressures linked to the property market, are among other reasons for this worrisome narrowing of opportunities. So far Boris Johnson has offered few signs that he has in mind a starring role for the arts in post-Brexit Britain, although 2022’s Festival of Brexit is one such event. ACE’s plan should boost the profile of all those, in government and outside, who are arguing for more. 32. The purpose of making arts available to more people is to __________. A. enlighten people from all walks of life B. consolidate various communities C. create job opportunities for artists D. maximize the natural value of art 33. According to the passage, ACE is most likely to promote the arts of ___________. A. national institutions B. commercial centers C. local governments D. towns and villages 34. Which of the following statements would Sir Nicholas Serota most probably agree with? A. Audiences with little education can also gain pleasure from cultural activities. B. Artists and audiences can create and enjoy the arts together without barriers. C. The soldiers and volunteers should vividly show scenes about the First World War. D. Science, technology and maths are more important than humanities and arts nowadays. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. For the arts to get revitalized more extensive efforts are needed. B. The current British government has done enough to promote arts. C. ACE should narrow the financial gap left by the local government. D. Many performing venues have closed due to the rising property market. 第二节七选五(每小题2分，满分10分，涂卡时选E 涂 AB, 选 F 涂 BC, 选 G 涂 CD) When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T-shirt made from 100% organic (有机的) cotton, because everyone knows that organic is better for Earth. And in some way it is; in conventional cotton-farming, pesticides (杀虫剂) strip the soil of life. But that green label doesn’t tell the whole story. Or the possibility that the T-shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harsh industrial chemicals, which can pollute local groundwater. ___36___ It’s a question that most of us are ill equipped to answer, even as the debate over what is and isn’t green becomes all-important in a hot and crowded world. ___37___ We evolved to respond to threats that were clear and present. That’s why, when we eat spoiled food, we get disgusted and when we see a bright light, we shut our eyes. ___38___ Scanning the supermarket aisles, we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose — and probably couldn’t make sense of the information even if we had it. But what if we could seamlessly calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies? What if we could think ecologically? That’s what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. Using a young science called industrial ecology, businesses and green activists alike are beginning to compile the environmental and biological impact of our every decision — and delivering that information to consumers in a user-friendly way. ___39___ “We can know the causes of what we’re doing, and we can know the impact of what we’re doing,” says Goleman. ___40___ It’s also about our ability to accept that we live in an infinitely connected world with finite resources. Golem an highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for millenniums, villagers have survived harsh conditions by carefully conserving every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. “We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts,” says Goleman. “Not anymore.” A. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T-shirt green? B. That’s thinking ecologically — understanding the global environmental consequences of our choices. C. It’s going to have a radical impact on the way we do business. D. Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. E. Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well? F. But nothing in evolution has prepared us to understand the accumulative impact industrial chemicals may have on us. G. That’s because our ability to make complex products with complex supply chains has outpaced our ability to comprehend the consequences. 第三部分：完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分) In the summer of 2018, I decided to do a solo expedition (独自探险) across Antarctica. To get some ____41____, I did a two-week training course. I learned all the ____42____: how to camp in the snow, how to pull a sled and what clothing to wear. In October, I flew to Antarctica from Punta Arenas. I’d allowed 70 days, which would make it the longest ____43____ one-way expedition across Antarctica I only took ____44____. I didn’t even take a hairbrush. The first few days were ____45____. The winds were about 60 mph, and my sled weighed 120 kg. Even if the visibility is good, you can’t ____46____ much — it’s a white horizon. I was on the move for 13 to 15 hours a day. Then, I found the conditions to be much worse. There was more sastrugi (雪脊) and it felt colder. The last 40 hours were really hard. I ____47____ about 14 times every two hours. As a result, I fell behind ____48____. In the end, I ____49____ 922 miles and fell more than 100 miles short of my goal. Towards the end of my trip, a helicopter flew to pick me up. The ____50____ I felt when I saw the dot in the distance was unbelievable. It took me a while to be ____51____ of what I’d achieved, because I had failed to reach my ____52____ goal, but I’ve learned it’s ____53____to move the goalposts. I don’t agree with the idea of conquering (征服) somewhere. You treat places with ____54____ and hope they’ll allow you ____55____ passage. 41. A. donation B. experience C. attention D. rescue 42. A. basics B. risks C. benefits D. aids 43. A. cooperative B. romantic C. unsupported D. abnormal 44. A. companions B. necessities C. cashes D. credits 45. A. pleasant B. calm C. tough D. lucky 46. A. talk B. hear C. feel D. see 47. A. fell over B. dropped out C. looked away D. put up 48. A. fundraising B. supply C. schedule D. homework 49. A. measured B. designed C. searched D. covered 50. A. burden B. relief C. pain D. anxiety 51. A. proud B. skeptical C. shy D. ashamed 52. A. insignificant B. unbearable C. disturbing D. initial 53. A. regrettable B. unnecessary C. acceptable D. inappropriate 54. A. respect B. courage C. carelessness D. coldness 55. A. narrow B. safe C. limited D. challenging 第四部分：语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For you, the “Clear and Bright” day that falls in every April might be no more than just another holiday - the fact that it comes with three days off school ____56____ (matter) to most students much more than the fact that it is part of the 24 solar terms. But the UNESCO has recognized the importance of the 24 solar terms.This ancient system that Chinese people have used to keep track of the time of year ___57___ (add) to the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 30. For starters you may have heard your mom say: “The sanfu days are almost over.The heat won’t be here for long.” The sanfu days are a period of time that falls in summer, somewhere ____58____ Minor Heat (in July) and Autumn Equinox(in September).The coldest days, or the sanjiu days, are similar.They cover the 27 days ____59____ (follow)Winter Solstice. In some places, solar terms guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural events and healthy living tips.For example, people from ____60____ (north) China are in the habit of eating dumplings on the day of Winter Solstice.And on Start of Autumn, some people treat____61____ to a big feast, especially of meat, something they call“putting on autumn weight”, or tieqiubiao. But no matter ____62____ differently people celebrate the 24 solar terms, they have been here for a long time and could last forever According to Chinese writer and academic Yu Shicun, unlike many other examples of intangible cultural heritage -Peking Opera and Chinese Zhusuan, for example -the solar terms are ____63____ regional (地域的) nor a type of art or skill. Instead, the system is a philosophy of time, ____64____ applies to everything.And this means they are ___65___ (likely) to die out. 第五部分：词汇部分(共20题，每题1分，满分20分) 第一节根据单词首字母及所给中文写出单词的正确形式(共7分，每题1分) 66. Together, i_____________(个人；个体) can make a difference. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 67. Faced with challenges, she always takes the i__________________ (主动权) to step forward, rather than waiting for guidance. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 68. He is widely respected as a man of __________________ (正直；诚实) who always stays true to his principles.(根据汉语提示单词拼写) 69. Children are often very good at i__________________(融入) into a new culture. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 70. The UN Security Council is debating whether to authorize military i__________________(干预; 介入) to protect civilians trapped in the war zone. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 71. Make sure you keep a well-stocked first aid k__________________ (成套工具；成套设备) ready to deal with any emergency. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 72. She was asked the same question so many times that the answer became __________________(机械的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第二节根据句意，用所给单词的正确形式填空(共7分，每题1分) 73. Sadly, _______________(fortune) never comes singly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 74. ________(judge) from her accent, she must be from Sichuan. （所给词适当形式填空） 75. She _______________ (low) her eyes, shaking her head slightly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 76. The broken window was replaced last week during the routine _______________ (maintain) (所给词的适当形式填空) 77. It was Chaucer who really turned English into a _______________(literature) language.(所给词的适当形式填空) 78. His decision to quit this job was _______________ (just), by the poor working conditions and low pay. (所给词的适当形式填空) 79. After conducting thorough research, he made an _______________ (inform)choice about his future career path. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第三节根据句意，选择适当词组并用其正确形式填空(共6分，每题1分) 选词填空 make for let alone jump at at the mercy of make out throw light on knock into for lack of 80. The little ship was _______________ the storm, fiercely shaken by the waves. 81. Police dropped the charges against him _____________ sufficient evidence. 82. In recent years, the in-depth research _______________ the causes of the disease offering hope for future treatments. 83. I can’t even solve basic math problems, _______________ complex ones. 84. She showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can _______________ a remarkable life. 85. He was in such a hurry that he almost _______________ me, and mumbled an apology as he rushed by. 第六部分：写作(满分20分，15分+卷面分5分) 86. 假定你是李华，你注意到你校学生很少进行英语文学阅读。请你给全校同学用英语写封倡议书，倡导大家多阅读英语文学作品。内容包括： 1. 介绍现状并分析原因； 2. 你对阅读英语文学作品的看法； 3. 发出倡议。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$