Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-【金版教程】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第二册创新导学案word（北师大版2019）

英语　必修 第二册 BS Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. 在1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开伦敦，开始了他的南极洲探险。 •While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. 在他去南极洲的路上，他收到了来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的信息，说他也正在向南前进。 Then the race to the South Pole began! 然后冲向南极的比赛开始了！ ①captain n. 上校；队长；组长 ②While he was ... 中，While引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 During the polar summer of 19101911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. 1910－1911年极地的夏天，两队人都为他们下一年的探险作食物储备。 •Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 然后，漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。 Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring. 斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待着春天的来临。 ③polar adj. 极地的，地极的 ④base n. 基地，大本营；基础　vt. 以……为基地 ⑤Then came the total darkness ... 为完全倒装句，地点状语或地点与时间副词there, here, now, then放在句首时，且谓语动词是come, go, be, follow, exist, fall, lie, remain, seem, stand等表示移动或动态或状态(存在)的不及物动词，主语为名词时，句子一般用完全倒装的形式。 ⑥anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. 在1911年9月8日，阿蒙森率先出发。 •He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 他让一队狗帮助拉雪橇，所有人都在滑雪。 Because of this, he made rapid progress. 因此，他行进得很快。 Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. 斯科特在11月1日出发，但很快就遇到了问题。 First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. 先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。 After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. 后来，斯科特和他的队友们只能自己推着雪橇。 ⑦sledge n. 雪橇 ⑧He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges为“have sb/sth doing sth”句型，意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。 ⑨ski n. 滑雪板　vi. 滑雪 ⑩break down 停止运转，出故障 Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. 阿蒙森在1911年12月14日到达极地，并在那里插上了挪威的旗帜。 Then he prepared for the return journey. 然后他准备返回。 Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912, ten days ahead of their planned schedule. 阿蒙森和他的团队于1912年1月25日安全返回出发基地，比他们计划的时间提前了10天。 ⑪ahead of (时间、空间)在……前面；领先 Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912. 在1912年1月17日斯科特和四名队员最终到达极地。 They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. 当他们看见挪威的旗帜时感到非常震惊。 Scott wrote in his diary: “Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.” 斯科特在日记中写到： “啊，我们已经失去了雄心勃勃的目标，而且必须面临800英里的艰难前行，并放弃我们大部分的梦想。” The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. 这次回程是探险历史上最艰难的一次。 The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. 队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。 The weather conditions were terrible. 天气也非常糟糕。 Scott started to realise their hopeless situation： 斯科特开始意识到他们所处的绝望境地： “We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. “我们都很振奋，但是我只能猜测每个人内心的感受。 •Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.” 每天早上穿鞋的动作都变得越来越慢。” ⑫ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ⑬cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 ⑭Putting on ... 是动名词短语作主语。 However, on their way back they found time to look for rocks. 然而，在他们回去的路上他们还抽时间寻找岩石。 They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them. 他们一路带着20公斤重的岩石。 •Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 后来，这些石块证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 ⑮Later, these rocks proved that ... 中，that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中不作成分。 ⑯prove vt. 证明；证实 ⑰distant adj. 久远的；遥远的 ⑱continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 Then disaster came. 后来，灾难来了。 Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. 埃德加·埃文斯患了严重的疾病，重重地跌倒后死去了。 •The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. 接下来离开的是队长奥茨，他走路很艰难。 Scott recorded his death： 斯科特记录了他(奥茨)的死： “He said, ‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’ ... “他说，‘我要出去一下，很快回来。’…… We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. 我们都知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻止他，但我们知道这是一个勇敢的人和英国绅士该有的行为。 We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.” 希望最后我们也有一样的精神，而且死亡已经不远了。” ⑲The next to go was Captain Oates, who was ... 中，who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。引导词who指代先行词Captain Oates。 Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. 斯科特和他的两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备处不足11英里的地方。 But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. 但是然后一场可怕的暴风雪降临了，他们只能待在帐篷里。 Scott spent some of his last hours writing. 斯科特把生命的最后几个小时用来写作。 He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen： 他充满悲伤地给他的妻子凯瑟琳写了一封信： “I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. “关于这次旅程我想告诉你很多很多的事情。 What stories you would have for the boy ... but what a price to pay.” 你会给儿子讲什么故事呢……但是付出的代价真的太大了。” Scott's diary also told the story of their end： 斯科特的日记也记录了他们这次旅程的结尾： •“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far. “我们变得越来越虚弱，死亡离我们不远了。 •It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.” 真遗憾，但我认为我写不下去了。” ⑳tent n. 帐篷 weaker and weaker为“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。 I do not think I can ... 为否定前置现象。在宾语从句中，需要否定前置的动词还有：suppose, believe, consider, imagine, expect, guess, fancy等。 The news of Scott's death shocked the world. 斯科特过世的消息震惊了世界。 •Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”. 就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死所感动，他说：“斯科特上校留下了一个记录，为诚实，真诚，勇敢，为一切成就一个人的东西。” Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. 斯科特没能赢得通往极点的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。 honesty n. 坦诚；诚实，正直 sincerity n. 真诚，真挚，诚实 bravery n. 勇气；勇敢的行为 everything that makes a man中，that引导定语从句，先行词为everything。先行词是不定代词anything, everything, nothing, few, all, none, little, some等或被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，引导词只能用that。 1 rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 ①The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning building yesterday. 昨天，这名勇敢的消防队员从着火的高楼内救出了三个孩子。 ②To save the villagers, some of the rescuers were injured. 为了营救村民，一些救援人员受伤了。 (1)单句语法填空 He died trying to rescue his children ________ the blaze. 答案：from (2)单句表达 遇到危险，你可以报警并依靠警察来营救你。 When in danger, you can call the police and depend on them to ______________________． 答案：come/go to your rescue/rescue you 2 trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 ①The old man was trapped in the burning house at that moment. 那时候老人被困在着火的房子里。 ②She had been trapped into saying something she did not mean. 她被诱骗说了违心的话。 ③Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into the trap. 玛丽给彼得设了个圈套，而他真的中了圈套。 表示“被困在……中”的短语还有： ①be/get locked in ②be/get stuck in ③be/get caught in ④be/get blocked in (1)单句语法填空 Unfortunately, at least 20 miners were killed, 22 injured and 13 ________ (trap) in the coal mine gas explosion. 答案：trapped (2)单句表达 ①They __________________ (被困在) the burning building. ②He felt he ____________________________ (中了圈套) accepting the terms of the contract. 答案：①were trapped in　②had been trapped into 3 attempt n．& vt. 努力，尝试，企图(教材P34) 归纳 拓展 ①They are attempting to climb from the mountain's north face. 他们正试图从山的北面爬上去。 ②The girl failed to pass the driving test at the first attempt. 这个女孩第一次考驾照没过。 ③They made an attempt to persuade the girl to quit, but failed. 他们试图说服这个女孩放弃，但是失败了。 ④He was thrown in prison because of an attempted murder. 他因为涉嫌谋杀未遂而被抓进了监狱。 一句多译 这个小偷试图从大厅逃跑，但是失败了。 ①The thief ____________ escape from the hall, but failed. ②The thief __________________ escape from the hall, but failed. 答案：①attempted to　②made an attempt to 4 measure vt. 估量，衡量；测量(教材P103) 归纳 拓展 ①Can you tell me how to measure the length of the rope? 你能告诉我如何测量这条绳子的长度吗？ ②Education shouldn't be measured only by examination results. 教育不应该只用考试成绩来衡量。 ③To welcome the school anniversary, our school has made new suits to our measure. 为迎接校庆，学校为我们定做了新西装。 ④It is high time that we should take some measures to protect our environment. 是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 (1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数measures。 (2)measure表示“量；有……长(宽、高等)”时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态；如果作后置定语，要用现在分词。 单句语法填空 ①________ (measure) are being taken to reduce crime in the city. ②Last month, an earthquake ________ (measure) six on Richter scale happened in the northern part of Indonesia. 答案：①Measures　②measuring 5 suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨(教材P104) 归纳 拓展 ①This war has caused widespread human suffering. 这场战争给许许多多的人带来了苦难。 ②It is hard to estimate how many children suffer from dyslexia. 很难估计多少孩子有诵读困难。 ③She received many letters of support from fellow sufferers. 许多和她有共同遭遇的人给她来信，对她表示支持。 (1)suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。 (2)suffer作及物动词，意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain, defeat, hardship等词作宾语； suffer from中from表示原因，意为“因为……而受苦”。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and ________ (suffer)． ②Frequently ________ (suffer) of this kind of allergy are also sufferers of asthma. 答案：①suffering　②sufferers (2)选词填空(suffer/suffer from) ①It is likely that you could ________ bad health if you keep smoking. ②Drought continues to annoy many parts of China, with tens of thousands ________ water shortages and millions of others affected. 答案：①suffer　②suffering from (3)单句表达 他患有头痛和食欲不振。 He ____________________ and loss of appetite. 答案：suffered from headaches 6 protection n. 保护；防护(教材P104) 归纳 拓展 ①He asked to be put under police protection. 他请求警方保护。 ②Troops have been sent to protect aid workers against attack. 已经派出部队保护援助人员免遭袭击。 以上短语中的from在被动语态中均不可省去，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。 ①In addition, relevant laws and regulations should be made to keep it from happening again. 此外，应该制定相关法律法规，防止它再次发生。 ②Once I'm determined to do a thing, no one can stop me (from) doing it. 一旦我下定决心做一件事情，没有人能够阻止我去做它。 ③Let nothing prevent you (from) doing your duty. 不要让任何事情妨碍你的职责。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He wore a straw hat to keep his balding head ________ getting sunburned. ②Nor did my parents stop me ________ doing anything. 答案：①from　②from (2)单句表达 ①他们挤在一起，免受风吹。 They huddled together to ________________________________． ②谁也不能阻止我们做实验。 No one can ________________________ the experiment. 答案：①protect themselves from the wind　②prevent us from doing 7 run out 用完；耗尽(教材P104) 归纳 拓展 ①His strength ran out. 他的力气用完了。 ②The car ran out of gas three miles from town. 在离城镇三英里的地方，汽车的汽油用完了。 ③Look! The dog is running after a duck. 看！这条狗正在追一只鸭子。 run out of相当于及物动词，可用于被动结构中，而 run out相当于不及物动词，没有被动形式。 易混辨析：run out/run out of/use up 三个词组意思都是“用完了” run out 不及物动词短语，主语为物，不能用于被动语态 run out of 及物动词短语，主语为人 use up 及物动词短语，主语为人 ①Their luck had simply run out. Still, never fear. 他们的好运已经结束。不过，别害怕。 ②I have run out of patience with her. 我对她已失去耐性。 ③He wanted to send money home, not use up the little his family had. 他想把钱寄回家，而不是把家里仅有的一点点钱花光。 一句多译 我们的钱已经花光了。 ①Our money ______________． ②We ________________________________． ③We ________________________________． 答案：①has run out　②have run out of our money　③have used up our money 8 base n. 基地，大本营；基础　vt. 以……为基地(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 ①His arguments have a sound economic base. 他的论点有充分的经济基础。 ②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners. 他根据俘虏提供的证据得出了自己的结论。 ③She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications. 她被选中做这份工作是因为她的资历。 ④The calculation result is basic to match the actual condition. 计算结果基本符合实际状况。 在“base ... on/upon ...”结构中，base是及物动词，base后要跟宾语，否则要用被动形式“be based on/upon”。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They have to have a ________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology. ②On the ________ (base) of the theories, he worked out his picture of the state of the future. ③The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which ________ (base) his arguments in favour of the new theory. ④The research group produced two reports ________ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions. 答案：①basic　②basis　③to base　④based (2)一句多译 这家餐馆以诚信为基础，因而运转良好。 ①The restaurant ________________ trust, and it is working all right. (并列句) ②________________ trust, the restaurant is working all right. (分词作状语) ③The restaurant, ________________ trust, is working all right. (定语从句) 答案：①is based on　②Based on　③which is based on 9 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. (教材P36) 极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 剖析 本句为倒装结构，主语是the total darkness of the polar winter，谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词came直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。 归纳 拓展 ①There stands a tall building in the centre of the city. 在市中心矗立着一座高楼。 ②Under the table was lying a half­conscious young man. 在桌子下面躺着一个半昏迷状态的年轻男子。 ③Out rushed the thief. 小偷冲了出去。 ④Away went the children. 孩子们走了。 (1)单句语法填空 Seated in the lecture hall ________ (be) hundreds of students. 答案：are/were (2)句型转换 ①Our new teacher stands in the front of the classroom. →In the front of the classroom ________________________． ②Two portraits are hanging on the wall. →____________________ two portraits. 答案：①stands our new teacher　②On the wall are hanging 10 anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 ①They are waiting anxiously to see who will succeed him. 他们在焦虑不安地等着看谁将接替他。 ②Parents are naturally anxious for their children. 父母自然为儿女担心。 ③The police are anxious to hear from anyone who may know her. 警方急于得到任何可能认识她的人的消息。 ④Her face was careworn with anxiety. 她脸上一副焦虑万分的神情。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She looked up ________ (anxious) as he came in. ②The boys and girls are anxious ________ (learn) how to skate. 答案：①anxiously　②to learn (2)单句表达 ①看着他往悬崖上爬，大家都紧张得喘不过气来。 Watching him climb up the precipice, everybody was breathless ________________． ②他似乎对这次会议忧心忡忡。 He seemed ________________ the meeting. 答案：①with anxiety　②anxious about 11 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. (教材P36) 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 剖析 本句为简单句。to leave on 8 September, 1911是不定式短语作定语，修饰the first。 归纳 拓展 ①Our school is not the first to reject smoking in school. 我们学校不是第一个反对在学校里吸烟(的学校)。 ②I don't think he is the best man to do the job. 我想他不是做这份工作的最佳人选。 ③I have no courage to try it again after failure. 失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一下。 ④He is the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一了解真相的人。 (1)单句语法填空 The next train ________ (arrive) is from Washington. 答案：to arrive (2)单句表达 ①她是这次飞机失事的唯一幸存者。 She was ____________________ in the plane crash. ②她有处变不惊的能力。 She has __________________ in an emergency. 答案：①the only one to survive　②the ability to keep calm 12 He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. (教材P36) 他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。 剖析 pulling the sledges是现在分词短语作宾语补足语，构成“have sb/sth doing sth”结构，意为“使某人/物一直做某事”，后接延续性动词，sb/sth和do是主谓关系。 归纳 拓展 ①The mother had the boy standing in the hot sun for punishment. 妈妈让男孩站在烈日下作为惩罚。 ②She had her husband buy a dress for her. 她让丈夫给她买了一条裙子。 ③Father had our TV repaired. 爸爸把我们家的电视拿去修理。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I'll have Wang Peng ________ (put) up the poster. ②Don't have the machine ________ (work) too long. ③I'll go to the hospital to have my eyes ________ (examine)． 答案：①put　②working　③examined (2)单句表达 ①天气很冷，她让火日夜燃烧着。 It was cold, and she ____________________ day and night. ②你最好把那颗坏牙拔了。 You had better ________________________． 答案：①had the fire burning　②have that bad tooth pulled out 13 break down 停止运转，出故障(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 ①Their car broke down. 他们的车子出故障了。 ②Your health will break down if you work too hard. 如果你过分辛劳，会把身体搞垮。 ③Last night two thieves broke into the bank and stole the safe. 昨天晚上两个盗贼闯入银行并且偷走了保险柜。 ④When we were discussing it, the man broke in. 当我们在讨论事情时，这个人插嘴了。 单句语法填空 ①The burglar broke ________ the house and Nancy saw him. ②Where were you living when war broke ________？ ③The computer system broke ________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. 答案：①into　②out　③down 14 cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 ①You're not your usual cheerful self today. 你今天不像往常那么快快乐乐的。 ②When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up. 当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴。 ③The teacher did her best to cheer me on when I was about to give up. 当我快要放弃时，老师尽力鼓励我。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Heidi suddenly wiped away her tears, for she had had a ________ (cheer) thought. ②He felt bright and ________ (cheer) and full of energy. 答案：①cheering　②cheerful (2)单句表达 ①每当我遇到困难时，她的眼睛总是鼓励我，帮我振作起来。 Whenever I encounter difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help me ____________． ②一千名支持者挤进体育场为他们加油。 A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to ________________． 答案：①cheer up　②cheer them on 15 Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower. (教材P37) 大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢。 剖析 Putting on our shoes是动名词短语作主语；slower and slower为“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。 归纳 拓展 ①Things are getting better and better day by day. 情况一天比一天好。 ②As the disease worsened, he found walking more and more difficult. 随着病情的恶化，他发现走路越来越困难。 ③The more preparation you do now, the less nervous you'll be before the exam. 你现在准备得越充分，考试前你就越不会紧张。 对于“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，句意明确时，该结构常以省略的形式出现。如： The more, the better. 多多益善。 单句表达 她对考试越来越有耐心了，当然，她越有耐心，考试成绩就越好。 She is getting ____________________ the exam; and of course, ____________________ she is, __________________ she will get. 答案：more and more patient with; the more patient; the better result 16 It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.(教材P37) 非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。 剖析 not在字面上否定的是think，而在内容上否定的是can，这种用法在语法上称为否定转移。 归纳 拓展 ①Dad, I don't think Oliver is the right sort of person for the job. 爸爸，我认为奥利弗不是这份工作的合适人选。 ②I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。 ③I don't believe he can win the game. 我相信他赢不了这场比赛。 下面情况不能进行否定转移： (1)主语不是第一人称时，不能进行否定转移。 (2)从句中有not ... at all, not a little, not a few, not enough, nothing, no, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom等词时，否定含义不能转移到主句上。 (3)在hope, believe, suppose, guess, think和be afraid等后面，可用so来代替上文中出现的宾语从句。 ①He doesn't believe that they will leave in time of danger. 他不相信在危险时刻他们会走掉。 ②—Do you think it will rain? —Yes, I think so. (＝I think it will rain.) ——你认为天会下雨吗？ ——是的，我认为会。 单句表达 我认为他不会中彩票。 I ____________ he ____________ the lottery. 答案：don't think; will win Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Well, never mind, John, it's not a matter of life and ________ (死)． 答案：death 2．Such a diet is widely believed to offer ________ (保护) against a number of cancers. 答案：protection 3．You had to listen hard to hear the old man ________ (呼吸)． 答案：breathe 4．He's gone to be ________ (测量) for a new suit. 答案：measured 5．It is not polite to ________ (打断讲话) when someone is talking. 答案：interrupt 6．He is recovering from an o________ to reset his arm. 答案：operation 7．He refused to talk about her family's s________ during the war. 答案：suffering 8．This is some information on the space e________ from the past, present, and future. 答案：exploration 9．As graduation day drew near, the students were all a________ preparing for their final exams. 答案：anxiously 10．There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too d________ future. 答案：distant Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．—Could I use your computer for a while? —Sorry. It suddenly broke down yesterday and I had it ________ (repair)． 答案：repaired 2．I dream of finding a friend that will be the first ________ (give) me a hand when I am in trouble. 答案：to give 3．In August, they began to make ________ (prepare) for the conference. 答案：preparations 4．Kathy is used to ________ (get) up early. 答案：getting 5．I have some trouble ________ (read) his handwriting. 答案：reading 6．It is most harmful to breathe ________ such polluted air. 答案：in 7．It's our duty ________ (keep) the classroom clean. 答案：to keep 8．Elbert Einstein, for ________ life had once been very hard, was successful later in science. 答案：whom 9．________ he is old, the old man still insists on studying at a night school. 答案：Although/Though 10．After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. 答案：which Ⅲ.选词填空 break down; make progress; run out; be used to; have difficulty with; take part in; at one time; in preparation for; on the way to; carry on 1．The money will ____________ repair faulty equipment. 答案：be used to 2．At that time, the problem of whether we should ____________ the Olympic Games or not arose. 答案：take part in 3．____________ my first small success, I found the road blocked. 答案：On the way to 4．Provided you are modest, you'll surely ____________． 答案：make progress 5．These rules tell us how a sentence is ____________ into phrases. 答案：broken down 6．Conditions are getting worse and supplies are ____________． 答案：running out 7．He became so weak from loss of blood that ____________ we started to think that he would not come through. 答案：at one time 8．Her bravery has given him the will to ____________ with his life and his work. 答案：carry on 9．They are collecting information ____________ the day when the two sides sit down and talk. 答案：in preparation for 10．Jane used to ____________ her schoolwork, but she has improved a lot recently, andnow finds it easier to remain ahead. 答案：have difficulty with 课时语法精讲——构词法之后缀 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．Mary was very ________ at the news, so she looked ________ at her husband, her eyes full of ________．(sad) 答案：sad; sadly; sadness 2．He ________ football very well and he was one of the best ________ in yesterday's football match.(play) 答案：played; players 3．Look! How ________ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ________ girl in the world.(happy) 答案：happily; happiest 4．To our ________， the headmaster was very ________ with our report.(satisfy) 答案：satisfaction; satisfied 5．Edison was a great ________； during his life he had many ________．(invent) 答案：inventor; inventions 6．I should ________ my task and make it ________ to finish it.(simple) 答案：simplify; simpler/simple 7．The boy having the ________ of being half starved ________， never to be seen again.(appear) 答案：appearance; disappeared 8．Reading books ________ can ________ your knowledge.(wide) 答案：widely; widen 9．You are so ________ to help me; thank you for your ________．(kind) 答案：kind; kindness 10．Everything is becoming ________ than before and many college students had to work to make some money for their college ________．(expend) 答案：more expensive; expenses 语法讲座 英语构词法中在词根后面加后缀，从而构成一个与原单词意义相近的新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变成与原来词义相反的新词。 因词性不同，后缀可分为名词性、形容词性、动词性及副词性后缀，现列举如下： 一、名词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 n.＋er 相关的人 farmer 农夫 officer 官员 v.＋er 从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人 teacher 教师 worker 工人 reader 读者 writer 作家 地点名词＋er 住在某处的人 Londoner 伦敦人 villager 村民 ­ess 女…… actress 女演员 hostess 女主人 ­or 从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人 conductor 售票员 visitor 游客 inventor 发明家 actor 演员 survivor 幸存者 editor 编辑 ­ar 从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人 beggar 乞丐 ­ese 某国人；某国语言 Chinese 中国人；汉语 Japanese 日本人；日语 ­ian 从事某职业的人 musician 音乐家 physician医师，内科医生 ­ist 从事某职业的人 scientist科学家 dentist牙医 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 ­ment 行为的结果 argument 争论 judgment判断 ­ness 状态，情况，特征 happiness幸福 illness疾病 ­tion 动作，行为 dictation听写 preparation准备 ­ship 身份，状态 leadership领导 friendship友谊 citizenship 国籍；公民权利 ­ance 状态，情况，性质，行为 acceptance接受 appearance 外表；出现 ­ence 性质，状态，行为 confidence信心 reference参考 n.＋ful 以该名词容量为单位的量 glassful 一杯 mouthful 一口 plateful 一盘 spoonful 一匙 ­al 行为 refusal拒绝 denial 否认 arrival 到达 approval 赞成；批准 burial 埋葬； 葬礼 survival 幸存 ­y ……的状况或性质 difficulty困难 possibility 可能性 ­ism 各种主义或宗教 socialism社会主义 materialism唯物主义 二、形容词后缀 后缀 例词 ­al industrial 工业的 national国家的，民族的 ­an European欧洲的 American美国的，美洲的 ­ern eastern东方的 northern北方的 southern南方的 ­able reasonable合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearable 难以忍受的 ­ful careful仔细的；小心的 cheerful兴高采烈的 beautiful 美丽的 ­ish childish孩子般的 selfish自私的 foolish 愚蠢的 ­ive active活跃的，积极的 creative创造性的 destructive 破坏的；毁灭性的 ­y thirsty口渴的 dirty脏的 windy有风的 ­en golden金色的，金的 wooden木的，木质的 woolen 羊毛的 ­ous continuous持续的 various各种各样的 ­ary imaginary幻想的 revolutionary革命的 ­ic realistic现实的 historic历史的 ­some troublesome麻烦的 lonesome孤独的， 寂寞的 ­like childlike孩子般的；单纯的 womanlike女人般的 ­ly friendly友好的 lovely可爱的 ­less careless 粗心的 harmless无害的 homeless 无家可归的 useless 无用的 三、动词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 ­en 使……成为，使……具有 widen加宽 sharpen削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加强 shorten 缩短 soften 软化 quicken 加快 adj. ＋ize 使……变成，使……化 Americanize 美国化 civilize 使开化 modernize 现代化 nationalize国有化 ­y 使……化 beautify 美化 simplify简化 四、副词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 ­ly 表示“……地” immediately立即slowly 缓慢地happily高兴地truly 真实地wholly 全部地simply 纯粹地 ­wards 表示方向 backwards向后 upwards向上 单句语法填空 ①He ________ (quick) his pace to catch up with them. ②His ________ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident. ③He is one of the ________ (science) who support this theory. ④Please pay ________ (attend) to your handwriting. ⑤His ________ (arrive) made the situation worse. ⑥And last, if you have children, let them be ________ (child)． ⑦The boy ran ________ (quick) to school. ⑧“What's that？” Father shouted ________ (angry)． ⑨The little girl is ________ (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam. ⑩Let's plant more trees and flowers to ________ (beautiful) our city. ⑪It is not ________ (reality) to expect people to spend so much money. ⑫Then the train began to move ________ (backward)． 答案：①quickened　②carelessness　③scientists ④attention　⑤arrival　⑥childlike　⑦quickly ⑧angrily　⑨extremely　⑩beautify　⑪realistic ⑫backwards 语法填空 Rafting is an __1__ (excite) adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience __2__ (natural). If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is __3__ (widely) and has few __4__ (fall) trees or rocks. If you are looking for more __5__ (excite), you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is more __6__ (adventure) and __7__ (difficulty) than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves __8__ (quick). You have to be __9__ (care) not to hit rocks, trees and other __10__ (dangerous). The name “Whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮划艇这一户外运动及一些其他的注意事项。 1．答案：exciting 解析：句意：皮划艇运动是令人兴奋的活动。修饰后面名词，用形容词。故填exciting。 2．答案：nature 解析：这里表示体验大自然，experience是动词，所以用natural的名词形式作宾语。故填nature。 3．答案：wide 解析：这里是系表结构，所以用形容词。故填wide。 4．答案：fallen 解析：这里应用形容词修饰后面的名词trees，表示“落叶”。故填fallen。 5．答案：excitement 解析：这里表示寻找更多的快乐，more是形容词，意为“更多的”，所以后面用名词。故填excitement。 6．答案：adventurous 解析：根据前面的“is more”和后面的“than”可知，用形容词的原级。故填adventurous。 7．答案：difficult 解析：根据设空前的“is more”和后面的“than”可知，这里应用形容词。故填difficult。 8．答案：quickly 解析：moves是动词，应用副词修饰。故填quickly。 9．答案：careful 解析：设空前有be动词，应用形容词。故填careful。 10．答案：dangers 解析：抽象名词具体化，危险的东西，所以用复数。故填dangers。 课后课时作业(三) 较易题(占比60%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ A B C D 难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ Ⅰ　完形填空 The Foreign Ministry on May 19, 2008 opened a book of condolences (吊唁簿) for foreign diplomats (外交官) to express their sympathies for the __1__ of the Sichuan earthquake. It __2__ open for three days, until the conclusion of the national mourning (全国哀悼)． Ambassadors and diplomats __3__ more than 150 countries on May 19, 2008 __4__ to sign the book. The diplomats also expressed their __5__ for the Chinese government, the PLA and the Chinese people in ____6__ the disaster. The Ivory Coast's ambassador to China was the first to __7__ the book of condolences, __8__ the Mexican ambassador, led embassy staff in paying their respects. The Indian ambassador, __9__ arrived back in Beijing after __10__ quake­hit areas, was also __11__. Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi received the visitors and expressed his __12__ for their friendship and support. As of May 18, 2008, the leaders of 166 countries and heads of more than 30 international organizations had offered __13__ condolences (哀悼) to China. As well as sending __14__ teams to the country, the international community has __15__ $246 million by May 20, 2008. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了汶川地震发生后，多个国家的驻华使节和国际组织向中国政府和受灾人民表示深切同情和诚挚慰问，除了慰问外，国际组织还派出了救援队并进行了捐款。 1．(　　)A.victims B．people C．soldiers D．wounded 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“a book of condolences (吊唁簿)”和下文中的“the national mourning (全国哀悼)”可知，各国外交使节到外交部对地震中的罹难者表示沉痛哀悼。victim意为“罹难者，牺牲者”。故选A。 2．(　　)A.left B．maintained C．expanded D．remained 答案：D 解析：remain和形容词连用，意为“保持某种状态”，强调继续停留于一处或保持原状态。故选D。 3．(　　)A.off B．in C．from D．to 答案：C 解析：此处是指来自150多个国家的大使及外交官。from意为“来自”。故选C。 4．(　　)A.signed up B．lined up C．made up D．stood up 答案：B 解析：句意：2008年5月19日，来自150多个国家的驻华使节和外交官排队在留言簿上签名。line up意为“排成行，排成列”符合语境。故选B。 5．(　　)A.desire B．respect C．understanding D．support 答案：D 解析：support “支持，支援”。句意：这些外交官还表达了他们对中国政府、军队以及中国人民抗震救灾的支持。故选D。 6．(　　)A.connecting with B．dealing with C．arguing with D．beginning with 答案：B 解析：deal with “处理，应对”。此处是指“处理灾情”。故选B。 7．(　　)A.design B．resign C．sign D．respect 答案：C 解析：“the first to sign the book of condolences”表示第一个在吊唁簿上签名留言的人。故选C。 8．(　　)A.while B．when C．as D．for 答案：A 解析：while “然而”，表示对比。故选A。 9．(　　)A.which B．who C．that D．whom 答案：B 解析：代替表示人的先行词，在从句中作主语，引导一个非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词who。故选B。 10．(　　)A.visiting B．describing C．rescuing D．scanning 答案：A 解析：此处指的是该大使刚刚探访完灾区，应用visit。故选A。 11．(　　)A.consistent B．absent C．present D．content 答案：C 解析：前文介绍的都是出席悼念活动的大使们，根据设空前的also可知，此处应用present(出席的)作表语。故选C。 12．(　　)A.attitude B．altitude C．latitude D．gratitude 答案：D 解析：gratitude “感激之情”。对于来慰问我们遇难同胞的友人的友谊和支持，应该是心存感激。故选D。 13．(　　)A.our B．their C．his D．her 答案：B 解析：此处所填的词指代的是“the leaders ... and heads ...”，且修饰condolences，应用their。故选B。 14．(　　)A.chief B．belief C．relief D．brief 答案：C 解析：relief teams意为“救援队”。故选C。 15．(　　)A.made B．donated C．gave D．collected 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“$246 million”可知，此处指国际组织捐款数额。donate意为“捐赠，捐献”，一般要接表示具体物体、金钱的名词。故选B。 Ⅱ　阅读 A Elephant reserve Country: Thailand This is a working vacation at a wildlife centre. Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to help the elephant keepers with tasks. Daily tasks Gather the elephants at 6：30 am. Take them to look for food in the forest. Clean the enclosure (围场). Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television. How this vacation helps If these elephants hadn't been rescued, they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. The rural environment is much better for them than the urban environment where there is lots of pollution. Gorilla safari (旅行) Countries: Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda Departures (出发)：23 departures per month from Aug. to Dec. If you're lucky, you'll see lions, elephants and rhinos during this safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family. How this vacation helps There are only about 600 gorillas left in the world as human activity has reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a ticket, this will pay for the protection of the national park. Polar bear watching Area & Country: Arctic, Canada Departures: sixty trips between Oct.1Nov.19. Every October and November groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures, this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so that they can hunt for seals, so this is the perfect opportunity to see them. How this vacation helps If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming, polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits (利益) to the charity that protects polar bears. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个保护野生动物的活动。 1．Which of the following is the task for elephant volunteers？(　　) A．Take a bath for the elephants at 6：30 am. B．Teach the elephants to swim in the lake. C．Make sure the enclosure is clean every day. D．Watch satellite television to learn knowledge about elephants. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一栏Daily tasks部分中的“Clean the enclosure (围场)．”可知，志愿者们的任务包括打扫大象的围场，由此可推知，志愿者要确保围场每天都是干净的。故选C。 2．What do we know about the gorilla safari？(　　) A．You can set off in April to see gorillas. B．You will get a cold in mountain forests. C．To see lions in the mountain forests may be the best part of the trip. D．Human activities have made gorillas' living area smaller. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二栏How this vacation helps部分中的“There are only about 600 gorillas left in the world as human activity has reduced the area where they can live.”可知，人类活动使得大猩猩栖息地变小。故选D。 3．When is the best time to watch polar bears？(　　) A．October 10. B．September 30. C．December 24. D．August 10. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三栏Departures部分中的“Every October and November groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay.”可知，观察北极熊的绝佳时间是十月份和十一月份。故选A。 B You can see a sea turtle named Herman, an octopus (章鱼) called Octavia, and a seal named Lidia at the Smithsonian's National Zoo in Washington D．C. Rather than real animals, they are actually artworks made out of plastic trash from the ocean. These artworks are part of a travelling exhibit called “Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea”. The Washed Ashore project, led by the artist called Pozzi, works to raise awareness about plastic pollution in Earth's oceans. More than 315 billion pounds of plastic litter the world's oceans today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches. Rainwater, winds, and high tides bring the trash into the ocean or into rivers that lead to the ocean. Once it is under the waves, the plastic begins to break up into smaller and smaller pieces. Thousands of sea animals die each year from eating plastic bags and other things. Each year, millions more pounds of plastic end up in the ocean. A recent study found that if that continues, by 2050 the total weight of plastic will be more than that of all the fish in the ocean. The Washed Ashore project is working to stop that from happening. Since 2010, Washed Ashore volunteers have collected 38，000 pounds of plastic trash from more than 300 miles of beaches. They helped Pozzi create more than 60 artworks of sea creatures harmed by plastic pollution. “These artworks are a powerful reminder of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity (生物多样性) on land and in the sea，” says Dennis Kelly, director of the National Zoo. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。Washed Ashore (拯救海洋项目)展览了一些用海洋里的塑料垃圾制成的艺术品，提醒人们海洋塑料污染问题的严重性及拯救海洋和保护环境的重要性。 4．What is the purpose of the artworks shown at the Smithsonian's National Zoo？(　　) A．To let people know about animals in the ocean. B．To introduce one way of recycling plastic trash. C．To warn people of plastic pollution in the ocean. D．To show Pozzi's great gift for creating artworks. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，展览这些垃圾制成的艺术品的目的是提醒人们海洋塑料污染问题的严重性，从而引起人们对这一问题的重视，故选C。 5．According to the passage, what is the source of plastic pollution in the ocean？(　　) A．Garbage from towns and cities. B．Trash left on beaches by people. C．Plastic bags broken up by waves. D．Litter created by human activities. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches.”可知，海洋中的塑料污染主要来自城镇垃圾和人们留在沙滩上的垃圾，即人类活动产生的垃圾。故选D。 6．The data in Paragraph 5 is given to prove that ________．(　　) A．plastic pollution will be more serious in the ocean B．more and more artworks of sea creatures will be made C．the Washed Ashore project has made great achievements D．volunteers can solve the ocean pollution successfully by 2050 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。第五段的数据表明，自2010年以来，Washed Ashore项目的志愿者已经从300多英里的海滩上收集了3.8万磅的塑料垃圾。他们帮助Pozzi(波齐)创作了60多个受到塑料污染伤害的海洋生物作品。这些数字说明Washed Ashore项目取得了很大成就，故选C。 7．What's Dennis Kelly's attitude towards the artworks？(　　) A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Dennis Kelly(丹尼斯·凯利)说的话“These artworks are a powerful reminder of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity (生物多样性) on land and in the sea”可知，他认为这些艺术品提醒我们，在保护生物多样性方面的个人作用和全球责任，说明了这些艺术品的重要作用，可见Dennis Kelly对这些艺术品是支持的，故选B。 C The words “protect animals” appear everywhere in books and on screens, because some animals are even in danger of dying out. But sometimes the fact can be a little different from what people read or watch. About 300 black bears were killed in Florida, the US, in October, 2015. It's been the first bear hunt in the state since 1994. Local officers explained that the black bear population had grown to 3，500 and became a menace (威胁) to local people. In the past, the Swiss government allowed locals to kill a wolf. This was because the wolf killed 38 sheep, and it was a great loss to some local farmers. In China, three old men were caught by the police for killing a serow, a kind of protected animal. They said they killed the animal because it ate the plants they grew. However, these stories don't always mean that animal protection stops because of human interests especially when it is connected to economic development. A man named Zhou Weisen set up a wild animal base in Guilin, Guangxi. He saved over 170 tigers and about 300 bears. His base also offered jobs to local people. “There may never be a standard answer to the question of whether we should give more attention to the environment or human development，” said Robert May, a British expert at Oxford University. “But we shouldn't push either one to the side, as the future is uncertain.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍不少国家为了人类利益而猎杀野生动物，专家认为我们应该兼顾动物保护和人类发展。 8．What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs？(　　) A．3，500 black bears were killed in Florida. B．The wolf can't be killed in Switzerland. C．The serow is protected in China. D．Three old Chinese men's loss was made up for. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In China, three old men were caught by the police for killing a serow, a kind of protected animal.”可知，鬣羚在中国是受保护的动物。故选C。 9．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Zhou Weisen's story？(　　) A．Protecting animals needs great efforts. B．Protecting animals can bring economic development. C．Zhou was good at feeding wild animals. D．Zhou had a good relationship with local people. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, these stories don't always mean ... connected to economic development.(然而，这些故事并不总是意味着动物保护会因为人类利益而停止，特别是当它与经济发展有关时。)”可推知，举这个例子的目的是想说明保护动物的同时也可以带来经济发展。故选B。 10．Which of the following statements might Robert May agree with？(　　) A．We should pay more attention to animal protection. B．Human development should be considered first. C．It's difficult to find proper ways to solve environmental problems. D．We should consider both the environment and human interests. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘There may never be ... as the future is uncertain.’(‘对于我们应该更加关注环境还是人类发展的问题，我们可能永远不会有一个标准的答案，’牛津大学的英国专家罗伯特·梅说。‘但我们不应该把任何一方放在一边，因为未来是不确定的。’)”可推知，他认为我们既要保护环境又要考虑人类的利益。故选D。 11．What's the best title of the passage？(　　) A．Protecting animals or killing them B．Protecting animals C．Killing some dangerous animals D．Difficulties in protecting animals 答案：A 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了不少国家为了人类利益而猎杀野生动物，生物学家认为我们应兼顾动物保护和人类发展。因此A项(保护动物还是猎杀它们)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 D Are African wild dogs really dogs? What's the difference between African wild dogs and the dogs we know as pets? For one thing, African wild dogs, which live in Africa, only have four toes, while domestic (驯养的) dogs and wolves have five. But you won't want to count for yourself, because they are truly wild animals. “Wild dogs are not somebody's domestic dogs that ran away and didn't come back, although some people used to think that，” explains Dr McNutt, who studies these animals at Wild Dog Research Camp in the African country of Botswana. “They are actually Africa's wolves, and just like wolves, they do not make good pets. They need to be out in the wild doing what they are supposed to do—find the food they need to survive and feed their babies.” In fact, they travel so far that researchers have to use radio collars (颈圈) to keep track of them. The collars send out radio signals that tell people where the dogs are. No two wild dogs have the same pattern of coats, so it is easy to tell them apart. African wild dogs are smart and sociable, like pet dogs. Adult dogs, male and female, are willing to take good care of young ones. Millions of domestic dogs live on the planet, but there are probably fewer than 6，000 African wild dogs left. Humans hunt them and farmers who don't want them to go after cows and sheep poison them. Humans are also destroying the wild, natural habitat (栖息地) they need to survive in. Fortunately, today more farmers are finding other ways to protect their cows and sheep from African wild dogs instead of killing the animals. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲野狗的生活习性及现状。 12．Which of the following can explain why African wild dogs are different from domestic dogs？(　　) A．African dogs can live longer than domestic dogs. B．African dogs have fewer toes than domestic dogs. C．African dogs are much bigger in size than domestic dogs. D．African dogs are much more dangerous than domestic dogs. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，非洲野狗只有四个脚趾，而家养的狗和狼有五个脚趾，故选B。 13．In Dr McNutt's view, African wild dogs ________．(　　) A．are a kind of wolves B．can be trained as pet dogs C．actually are missing domestic dogs D．generally are not used to living in groups 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，Dr McNutt认为，非洲野狗不是那些跑了却没有回来的家养狗，尽管有些人过去常常这么想。它们实际上是非洲的狼群……由此可知，在Dr McNutt看来，非洲野狗就是一种非洲狼，故选A。 14．What suggestion does the author give in the last paragraph？(　　) A．Farmers should use domestic dogs to fight against wild dogs. B．African wild dogs should be protected instead of being killed. C．Farmers should take responsibility for feeding African wild dogs. D．African wild dogs should be used to protect farmers' cows and sheep. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，幸运的是，今天更多的农民正在寻找其他方法来保护他们的牛羊免受非洲野狗的伤害，而不是杀死这些动物。由此可推知，我们人类应保护这些数量并不多的非洲野狗，故选B。 15．Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage？(　　) A．How to Keep Wild Dogs B．How to Train Domestic Dogs C．An Introduction to African Wild Dogs D．Differences Between Domestic Dogs and Wild Dogs 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要对非洲野狗的现状作了介绍。因此C项(对非洲野狗的介绍)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比25%)　拔高题(占比25%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★ Ⅰ　阅读 When the sand began flying everywhere and hitting our faces, I started to worry that maybe we had made a mistake. That afternoon, my dad had stood on the deck (平台) of our home and laughed as our neighbors packed up and headed inland. They left to spend the night in motels or at friends' homes that were out of range of the approaching summer storm. Challenging the weather that threatened to damp our spirits, we lit a fire on the beach. Dad told jokes and we had a good time. When it was 6：30 pm, all laughter disappeared. Our eyes were drawn to the sky. A tornado was headed straight for us! In a flash, we were all on our feet. The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage. My mom stopped next to the front door. “Where can we go？” She shouted at my dad. Most cottages on this part of Lake Michigan had been built without basements. Ours was no exception. The huge windows and the cottage itself wouldn't offer safety from high winds. “Follow me！” my dad yelled. We crawled (爬) beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage. Between the deck supports, we watched the approaching storm in silent terror. My dad shouted, “Hold on！” and something else I couldn't hear over the screaming wind. I think he was praying. By the time it reached our cottage, it was nothing more than a strong wind. The rest of the storm lasted for an hour and then simply blew away. “Next time, we'll stay inland at Grandma's. Okay？” my dad said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家人在龙卷风中逃生的经历。 1．What did the family do before the storm came？(　　) A．They left the motels. B．They packed up the cars. C．They stayed on the beach. D．They visited their neighbors. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“we lit a fire on the beach”可知，作者一家人在沙滩上。故选C。 2．What was the family's immediate action when they saw the tornado approach？(　　) A．Closing their eyes tightly. B．Praying in silent terror. C．Crawling on the ground. D．Running away at once. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A tornado was headed straight for us! In a flash, we were all on our feet. The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage.”可知，龙卷风逼近的时候，作者他们立刻跑向了小屋。故选D。 3．Where did the family stay in the storm？(　　) A．Under a deck. B．In a basement. C．Inside the car. D．Behind a door. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“We crawled (爬) beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage.”可知，作者一家人待在平台下。故选A。 4．What can be the best title for the text？(　　) A．Life on the Beach B．An Unusual Cottage C．Surviving a Storm D．My Admirable Family 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。通读文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一家人在龙卷风中逃生的经历。故选C。 Ⅱ　七选五 Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education. 1(____) If you're one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there. 2(____) We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge. While limited within the walls of the educational places, we openly explore other cultures of the world! 3(____) Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures, getting more experience. When there's a recession (衰退) in the economy, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skill set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary. When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. 4(____) Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life. 5(____) You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what's on sale in stores. An educated person doesn't gossip (说闲话), having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say. A．Therefore, they choose not to go to college. B．We come to know that ours is not the only culture. C．There is a negative side to earning a good education too. D．A good education makes you a more interesting person. E．It means a good education leads to excellent networking. F．Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge. G．It has long been understood that an education can lead to long­term financial success. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了应该上大学接受良好教育的理由。 1．答案：A 解析：根据设空前“Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education.(一些高中生认为接受高等教育是无用的。)”以及设空后“If you're one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.”可知，此处指如果有人认为上大学没用，那么可能选择不上大学。分析选项可知，A项(因此，他们选择不上大学。)承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 2．答案：F 解析：根据设空后“We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working”可知，本段叙述学校中获取知识对工作的影响。由此可推断出设空处是与从学校教育中获取知识有关。分析选项可知，F项(学校和大学是获取知识的第一个地方。)不仅意义与本段一致，而且有“knowledge”的复现，符合题意，故选F。 3．答案：B 解析：根据设空后“Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own.”可知，我们的文化并不是唯一的，还有其他的文化丰富我们的知识，B项(我们开始知道，我们的文化不是唯一的。)符合题意，故选B。 4．答案：E 解析：根据设空前“When you're skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access to people of similar backgrounds and tastes.”可推断出，因为接触到更多有相同背景和相同品位的人，自然会让你有更多更好的人际关系。分析选项可知，E项(这意味着良好的教育会带来良好的人际关系网。)符合题意，故选E。 5．答案：D 解析：设空处是本段的总结。根据设空后内容可知，本段是说良好的教育会让你谈吐恰当，成为有能力的人和有吸引力的人。分析选项可知，D项(良好的教育使你成为一个更有吸引力的人。)与本段意义一致，故选D。 Ⅲ　语法填空 Plovdiv is situated in south­central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven hills, some of __1__ are 250m (820.21ft) high. Because of these hills, Plovdiv is __2__ (typical) referred to in Bulgaria as “The city of the Seven Hills”. Plovdiv's history __3__ (date) back to 6000 BC. Though originally it was __4__ Thracian city, Plovdiv has been ruled by many empires over centuries. Later it __5__ (conquer) by the Romans. Only in 1885 did the city become part of Bulgaria. Nowadays it's the second __6__ (large) city in Bulgaria and it's a significant economic, educational and cultural center. Plovdiv remains a popular __7__ (choose) for vacation travel. I have been obsessed with the city __8__ years. Last summer I was lucky to spend a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets and neat beautiful houses! The old town is definitely worthy __9__ (see). It is overwhelmed with restaurants, workshops __10__ museums that were previously famous houses. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Plovdiv (普罗夫迪夫)的历史、现状，以及其作为旅游城市的吸引游客之处。 1．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词seven hills，先行词指物，只能用which，故填which。 2．答案：typically 解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词短语referred to，应用副词，故填typically。 3．答案：dates 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处在描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时。Plovdiv's history是第三人称单数，且date back to ... “追溯到”不能用于被动语态，故填dates。 4．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。文中泛指“一座……城市”，用不定冠词，且Thracian的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 5．答案：was conquered 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，it与conquer之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且be动词应用was，故填was conquered。 6．答案：largest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。“第二大”应用“序数词＋形容词的最高级”来表示，故填largest。 7．答案：choice 解析：考查词性转换。remains为系动词，此处应用名词作表语，故填choice。 8．答案：for 解析：考查介词。for一般与一段时间连用，for years意为“好多年”，故填for。 9．答案：to be seen/of being seen 解析：考查固定用法。sth be worthy of doing/to do为固定搭配，此处表示这座古镇非常值得观看，故填to be seen/of being seen。 10．答案：and 解析：考查连词。此处应用and连接名词作介词with的宾语。故填and。 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was eleven years old, I had a big accident. I get scared even now when I think about that time. I went skating near my house. There were many people, and I saw some of them were falling on the ice. It was my first time to go ice skating, so I was nervous. I was wondering how to skate. I went with a friend who was very skillful. He spent some time teaching me how to skate, but I didn't learn much. He left me and skated all around. As soon as he left, I fell down. I envied the other people because they could skate very well. I was bored because I kept falling so I took off my skates and just walked around on the ice in my shoes. It was cold and my hands were frozen. Suddenly, I stepped on something that was not hard. What was it? It was a weak place in the ice. When I stepped there, I sank under the ice. I thought that I was going to die, but I did my best to grab something to get out from under the ice. I tried to grab the edge of the ice, but it was very difficult for an eleven­year­old boy. It seemed like a very long time, like a year. Then, fortunately, someone helped me. He grabbed my arms and pulled me up. So, I lived and I'm still alive today. I thanked him. At that time, my friend came back. I was annoyed at him because he was supposed to take care of me, but he didn't. He was embarrassed. When I took a taxi home, the taxi driver was surprised and asked what had happened. I didn't want to say anything because I was tired and scared. Even now, whenever I think about that time, I feel uncomfortable. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 It was long before I went skating once again，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 However, ever since then I haven't found any time to go skating, 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描写作者第一次滑冰时不慎踩到薄冰落入水中，一位好心人将他救起。这次经历让他又累又怕，很久之后再次滑冰作者又会经历什么？这两次经历让作者明白了什么？ [精彩范文] It was long before I went skating once again, accompanied by one of my friends. This time I was careful and cautious, and my friend took special care of me. I was so fortunate this time that I did not fall down. Gradually I learnt to skate well and became skillful. I felt very confident and no longer scared. However, ever since then I haven't found any time to go skating, not because I do not like skating, but because I am too busy working. I've learnt a lot from these two skating experiences. We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face them bravely, we will find out how strong we really are. Whatever you do, you must have the patience to do it as well as the skill. Remember: Never get conceited because of victory or lose heart in case of failure. 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$