Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-【金版教程】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第二册创新导学案word（北师大版2019）

英语　必修 第二册 BS Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 The Internet Harms Friendships Robert 互联网会伤害友谊 ——罗伯特 •While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships. 虽然互联网可以拉近彼此的关系，但也可能伤害人们之间的友谊。 ①While the Internet can ... 中的while意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 ②harm vt.& n. 伤害，损害 •Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face­to­face contact—images really cannot replace a real­life smile or hug. 第一，在网络上聊天不能取代面对面的交流——图片不能替代现实生活中的一个微笑或是拥抱。 •According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使孩子更难集中注意力或向他人表达善意。 As we know, important social skills are developed through direct contact with other people. 我们都知道，重要的社交技巧是通过直接和他人交流培养的。 •It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. 正是这些技能使我们发展终生的友谊。 ③talking online为动名词短语作主语，其后的谓语动词应用单数。 ④replace vt. 取代；接替 ⑤hug n．& vt. 拥抱；紧抱 ⑥make it more difficult ... 中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。 ⑦concentrate vi. 专注，专心；集中注意力 ⑧It is these skills that ... 为强调句型，强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋who/that＋句子的其他部分。 Secondly, the Internet can make people self­centred—not thinking of anyone or anything but themselves. 第二，网络使人们以自我为中心，不考虑任何人或任何事，只考虑自己。 For example, instead of having proper conversations with their friends, some people are only concerned with their online popularity—How many “likes” did I get? How many followers do I have？—though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long­term and rewarding friendships. 例如，一些人不再和朋友好好地交谈了，他们只关心自己在网上的人气——我得了多少个“赞”？或者我有多少个粉丝？尽管我们知道点赞或粉丝的数量无法与拥有长久而有益的友情相比。 •In addition, a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial. 另外，在社交媒体上发表的大量内容都是肤浅且无关紧要的。 Posts about funny cat images do not necessarily help form meaningful relationships. 发表有趣的猫咪图片未必有助于发展有意义的关系。 ⑨concerned adj. 关切的，关心的 ⑩be concerned with 关心…… ⑪rewarding adj. 有益的；有意义的 ⑫addition n. 增添；添加 ⑬in addition 除此之外 ⑭content n. 内容 ⑮posted on social media是过去分词短语作后置定语来修饰前面的名词content。 ⑯shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 ⑰trivial adj. 没有什么价值的；微不足道的 Thirdly, online relationships may not be what they appear to be. 第三，网络关系可能不是它们看起来的那样。 Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. 友情建立在信任的基础上，然而在网络交流中，你并不能百分之百地确定与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。 •Because of this, going online can be particularly dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting. 因为这个原因，在网络上交友是危险的，尤其是对那些容易受影响或太相信别人的人。 ⑱basis n. 基础；基点 ⑲percent n. 百分比；百分数 ⑳who are easily influenced ... 是who引导的定语从句，修饰people，并在从句中作主语。 In my opinion, friends should focus more on face­to­face communication, and less on online communication. 在我看来，朋友应该多关注面对面的交流，减少在网络上的沟通。 •This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. 这才是维持健康关系的最好方式。 opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 focus vi.& vt. 集中(注意力)　n. 焦点 focus__on 关注 maintain vt. 保持；维持 to maintain healthy relationships是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语the best way。 Cathy's Blog 凯茜的博客 The Internet Helps Friendships 互联网对友谊有帮助 The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. 互联网可以在很多方面帮助发展友谊。 Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more convenient. 首先，互联网让交流变得更加便利。 •You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 无论你在哪里或者在做什么，你都可以和朋友保持联系。 •Using a smartphone, a tablet or a computer, you can be in contact at home and also when you are on the move. 通过使用智能手机，平板电脑或者是电脑，你在家或者外出时都可以(和朋友)联络。 no matter where you are or what you are doing 中，no matter where/what引导让步状语从句，相当于wherever/whatever。 smartphone n. 智能手机 tablet n. 平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 Using a smartphone, a tablet or a computer为现在分词短语作方式状语，use与其逻辑主语you之间为主动关系。 Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. 第二，互联网使交流变得更有趣。 Traditional ways of communicating, like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time. 传统的交流方式，比如写信或者打电话，是有限制性的并且耗费时间。 However, you can share photos, videos, news stories and websites with your friends online. 然而，你可以在线与你的朋友分享照片、视频、新闻故事和网站。 You can give a brief response to a message with an emoji or a picture. 你可以使用表情或者图片简短地回复一条信息。 There are so many online tools you can use to be creative! 有这么多在线工具可以让你变得有创意！ limiting adj. 局限的，限制性的 brief adj. 简洁的，简明的 emoji n. 表情符号 creative adj. 创造性的 Thirdly, online communication can actually bring people closer to each other. 第三，在线沟通真的可以拉近人们之间的距离。 Nowadays, your friends are just a click away. 如今，你的朋友仅仅是一键之遥。 •Whenever someone needs help, friends from all over the world can immediately provide useful suggestions or information. 当有人需要帮助时，世界各地的朋友都可以立刻提供有用的建议或信息。 This makes friends feel loved and cared for. 这让朋友感觉到被爱和被关心。 •To me, this is a very thought­provoking argument, as it points out the benefits of online friendships. 对我来说，这是个令人深思的问题，因为它指出了网络友谊的好处。 •As Eileen Kennedy­Moore, an authority on the subject, points out, online friends “fill holes real­life friends can't”. 正如该方面的权威专家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔所指出的那样：网络交友“填补了现实生活中的朋友无法填补的漏洞”。 Whenever someone needs help中whenever＝when，用来引导时间状语从句，但whenever比when语气强。 thought­provoking adj. 发人深省的，令人深思的 as it points out ... 中，as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，与because相比，as较口语化，所表达的原因语气较弱，所表的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实。 As Eileen Kennedy­Moore ... 中，as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，正像”。 authority n. 权威人士；专家 Finally, I believe the Internet brings people closer together and makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting. 最后，我相信，互联网将人们之间的距离拉近了，使朋友间的沟通更便利、更有趣了。 1 While listening, pay attention to the words related to the questions, e．g. popular, difficulties, latest technologies. (教材P12) 当听的时候，注意那些与问题相关的单词，比如，“流行的” “困难” “最新的技术”。 剖析 While listening＝While you are listening，此处是状语从句的省略。 归纳 拓展 ①While (I was) walking the dog, I was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗时我不小心让狗挣脱了，然后它被汽车撞了。 ②He went through the papers while (he was) having breakfast. 他边吃早饭，边浏览报纸。 ③The news is really important to us, if (it is) true. 如果这则消息是真的，它对我们非常重要。 单句语法填空 ①Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ②If ________ (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 答案：①accompanied　②asked 2 harm vt.& n. 伤害，损害(教材P14) 归纳 拓展 ①Someone who does terrible things to harm our country will be punished. 做出可怕的事情而危害我们国家的人将受到惩罚。 ②The heavy rain did a lot of harm to the crops. 大雨对庄稼造成很大的损害。 ③He may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙，但是问他一下倒也无妨。 易混辨析：harm/hurt/wound/injure harm 伤害，多指给人的肉体或精神带来的伤害、不安或不便，尤指对健康造成损害 hurt 伤害，可指肉体上的伤害，也可指感情上的挫伤；还可指人身体部位疼痛、刺痛 wound 刺伤，常指在打斗中，由外来暴力造成的刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，程度较重 injure 伤害，受伤，多指意外事故对肉体、健康造成的伤害 ①We can't shut our eyes to things that harm the interest of the masses. 对于损害群众利益的事情，我们不能视而不见。 ②My chest hurts when I make a deep breath. 每当我深呼吸时，我的胸口就疼。 ③The wounded solider was sent back to his hometown. 那位受伤的士兵被送回了自己的故乡。 ④Mrs Green's car ran into a large tree and she was injured badly in the accident. 格林太太的车撞到了一棵大树上，她在这次事故中严重受伤。 (1)单句语法填空 It was a ________ (harm) question, but she took it as rudeness. 答案：harmless (2)选词填空(harm/hurt/wound/injure) ①It ________ me to think that he would lie to me. ②If I hadn't been wearing the seat belt, I would ________． ③Luckily, no one got ________ in the battle. ④Don't ________ your eyes by reading in poor light. 答案：①hurt　②have been injured　③wounded　④harm (3)单句表达 ①过多的阳光直射会伤害植物。 Too much direct sunlight will ________________________________． ②你不妨给她打个电话。 ________________________ calling her. 答案：①harm the plant/do harm to the plant　②There is no harm in 3 argument n. 论点；论据(教材P14) 归纳 拓展 ①His argument was that public spending must be reduced. 他的论点是公共开支必须缩减。 ②We're always arguing with each other about money. 我们总是为钱争辩。 ③They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。 ④Some argued that examinations can motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 有人认为考试可以激励学生去学习更多知识。 (1)argue that 意为“主张……”时，that从句的谓语动词常使用虚拟语气“(should) do”形式。 (2)表示“说服某人做某事”的其他表达： ①persuade sb to do/into doing sth ②convince sb to do sth ③talk sb into doing sth 单句语法填空 ①As far as I know, they argue ________ the right to vote. ②It's no use ________ (argue) about the question with him, for he won't change his opinion. ③We tried many ways to argue him ________ accepting our advice, but in vain. ④We had an ________ (argue) with the waiter over the bill. 答案：①for　②arguing　③into　④argument 4 While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships.(教材P15) 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 剖析 while表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 归纳 拓展 ①Her parents died while she was still at school. 她还在读书时父母就去世了。 ②While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. 虽然太阳光会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它也给我们提供有益的维生素D。 ③While there's life, there's hope. 只要活着就有希望。 ④My brother likes drawing while I'm fond of music. 我哥哥喜欢画画，而我喜欢音乐。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Some people came to Lijiang of Yunnan for sightseeing, ________ others have decided to stay forever. ②Don't make any noise while the baby ________ (sleep)． 答案：①while　②is sleeping (2)单句表达 ①虽然他很努力，但还是进步缓慢。 ______________________， he makes very slow progress. ②在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，但是他们彼此却能成为好朋友。 At school, some students are active ____________________， yet they can be good friends with one another. ③只要我们在，你就别担心。 You don't have to worry, __________________． 答案：①While he works hard　②while some are shy　③while we are here 5 Firstly, talking online is no replacement for face­to­face contact—images really cannot replace a real­life smile or hug.(教材P15) 首先，网上聊天并不能代替面对面的交流——图片当然无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。 剖析 talking online是动名词短语作主语。 归纳 拓展 ①Reading a foreign language is easier than speaking it. 读外语比说外语更容易。 ②I feel that living in cities is exhausting. 我觉得生活在城市里很累人。 ③It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help. 为面试做准备是十分必要的。把答案准备好会有极大的帮助。 ④It's no good staying up too late. 熬夜没有好处。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. ②________ (compare) Chinese culture with overseas culture is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it. 答案：①has　②Comparing (2)单句表达 ①和你一起工作是一种乐趣。 ______________________ a pleasure. ②每天玩电脑游戏就是浪费时间。 ______________________ playing computer games every day. 答案：①Working with you is　②It's a waste of time 6 replace vt. 取代；接替(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 不吃饭而用零食代替不是一个好主意。 ②In a few Minnesota communities, physician's assistant are being used in place of doctors. 在明尼苏达州的一些地区，医生助理正被用来代替医生。 ③She couldn't attend the meeting, so her assistant took her place. 她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。 ④Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices. 在大多数办公室中，电脑已经取代了打字机。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced ________ a modern hotel or not. ②It is generally believed that teachers will never ________ (replace) by computers in class. 答案：①with/by　②be replaced (2)句型转换 John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him. →John is ill and I want to know who is going to ________________________________． 答案：take his place/take the place of him 7 According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others．(教材P15) 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 剖析 谓语动词make后接复合宾语。其中it是形式宾语；more difficult是宾语补足语；动词不定式短语to concentrate or show kindness to others是真正的宾语；children是不定式短语to concentrate ... 的逻辑主语。 归纳 拓展 ①That should make it possible to find a solution. 那使找到解决办法成为可能。 ②I consider it my duty to write to you and thank you. 我认为写信向你表达谢意是我的责任。 ③I think it very strange that he goes shopping almost every night. 他几乎每晚都去购物让我觉得很奇怪。 ④He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。 ⑤I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。 (1)单句语法填空 New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 答案：it (2)单句表达 ①遗憾的是，他们发现很难偿清债务。 Unfortunately, they ________________ pay off their debts. ②她觉得好好照顾他们是她的责任。 She felt ________________ to take good care of them. ③我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。 I like ________ in the autumn ________ the weather is clear and bright. 答案：①find it difficult/hard to　②it her duty　③it; when 8 concentrate vi. 专注，专心；集中注意力(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①Please be quiet! The children are concentrating on their homework. 请安静！孩子们正在专心做家庭作业。 ②We must concentrate our efforts on improving education. 我们必须致力于改进教育工作。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Young children have a limited attention span and can't concentrate ________ one activity for very long. ②I decided to concentrate all my efforts on ________ (find) somewhere to live. 答案：①on　②finding (2)单句表达 那么多的烦心事使他无法专心学习。 The confusing matters make him unable ________________ his study. 答案：to concentrate on 9 It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships. (教材P15) 正是这些技能使我们发展终生的友谊。 剖析 It is these skills that ... 是强调句型，强调主语these skills。 归纳 拓展 Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday. 昨天汤姆在教室里找到了我的钢笔。 →It was Tom who/that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.(强调主语) →It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.(强调宾语) →It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.(强调地点状语) →It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.(强调时间状语) 强调句型的特殊形式 一般疑问句式 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？ Is it Jim that/who bought the book？买那本书的是吉姆吗？ 特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他？ What is it that he wants to see？他究竟想看什么？ not until强调句式 It is/was not until ... ＋that＋其他. It was not until yesterday that I knew it.直到昨天我才得知此事。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It was in this lake ________ they found the long­lost sword of the Ming Dynasty. ②Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized. ③________ was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 答案：①that　②that　③It (2)单句表达 ①努力工作和享受生活才是积极的生活态度。 ______________ working hard and enjoying life ________ is the positive life attitude. ②她是为了卧病在床的独生儿子才在医院里日夜工作。 ____________ for her only son who was ill in bed ________ she worked day and night in the hospital. 答案：①It is; that　②It was; that 10 rewarding adj. 有益的；有意义的(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①There's nothing more rewarding than putting smiles on the faces around you. 没有什么事情比向你身边的人展露微笑更有益的了。 ②A ￡100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace. 已悬赏100英镑寻找项链。 ③He received a title as a reward for his services to the nation. 作为对国家贡献的报酬，他获得了一项头衔。 ④He got very little in reward (for) his hard work. 他虽辛苦工作，得到的报酬却很少。 ⑤She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. 她因自己所作的努力而得到一笔奖金。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He rewarded the boy ________ $10 ________ bringing back the lost dog. ②When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and ________ (reward)． ③Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai ________ (reward) with a magnificent view. 答案：①with; for　②rewarding　③was rewarded (2)单句表达 ①学生们一直刻苦学习功课，他们的努力最终将会获得成功的回报。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______________________ _______． ②在帖子中，你说你可以教英语作为回报，那正是我所需要的。 In your post, you say you can ______________； it is just what I want. 答案：①will be rewarded with success　②teach English as a reward 11 addition n. 增添；增加(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①There is, in addition, one further point to make. 此外，还有一点要说。 ②In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 2，500 yuan per month. 除工资外，他每月还有两千五百元的奖金。 ③Add up the bills for each month. Take this away from the income. 将账单按月累加，再从收入中扣除。 ④Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？ ⑤This latest incident will add to the pressure on the government. 最近的这次事件将会给政府增加压力。 ⑥Many small victories add up to a big one. 积小胜为大胜。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Add ________ all the money I owe you. ②Please add some sugar ________ the milk to make it more delicious. 答案：①up　②to (2)单句表达 ①大雨增加了营救被埋人员的困难。 The heavy rain ________________ the difficulty in rescuing the buried people. ②除了季节性的特别安排，我们餐厅还有一套完整的午餐和点心的菜单可供选择。 Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, ________________ seasonal specials. 答案：①added to　②in addition to 12 content n. 内容(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. 她没有看过那封信，所以对其内容一无所知。 ②I was content to wait. 我愿意等候。 ③I'm perfectly content with the way the campaign has gone. 我对这次活动的开展情况感到心满意足。 ④Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup. 马丁娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。 (1)content作形容词时，通常作表语、后置定语或状语，作前置定语时要用contented，如a contented expression“满足的表情”。 (2)作“内容/目录”讲时，用复数。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The rich man is tired of city life, so he is content ________ (live) in the country. ②Those who are content ________ their present situation will surely make no difference in life. 答案：①to live　②with (2)一句多译 我们不应该满足于课本知识。 ①We shouldn't ________________________________________ learned from the books. (content adj.) ②We should't __________________________________________ learned from the books. (content v．) 答案：①feel/be content with the knowledge ②content ourselves with the knowledge 13 Thirdly, online relationships may not be what they appear to be. (教材P15) 第三，网络关系可能并不是它们看起来的样子。 剖析 what引导表语从句，并在从句中充当表语。 归纳 拓展 ①She is no longer what she used to be. 她不再是过去的她了。(表语从句) ②What I should do next weekend is to clean the room. 下个周末，我应该做的事情是打扫房间。(主语从句) ③The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 是什么使得情况变得更糟糕，这一问题一直在困惑着我。(同位语从句) ④The manager told us that he wanted to take back what he had said. 经理告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。(宾语从句) 单句语法填空 ①I'm not to blame, mum; I am ________ you have made me. ②It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 答案：①what　②what 14 basis n. 基础；基点(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①He must remain confined, on the basis of the medical reports we have received. 根据我们收到的病历报告，他的行动仍然受到限制。 ②Drums are basic to African music. 鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。 (1)单句语法填空 The campsite provided only ________ (basis) facilities. 答案：basic (2)单句表达 ①他的结论是以实验结果为基础的。 His conclusion __________________ the experiment results. ②我们的方针要以自力更生为基点。 Our policy should rest ________________ self­reliance. 答案：①is based on　②on the basis of 15 focus vi.& vt. 集中(注意力)　n. 焦点(教材P15) 归纳 拓展 ①All you need to do is to focus on one thing. 你需要做的就是集中注意力在一件事情上。 ②Please focus your attention on the following problem. 请把你们的注意力集中在下面的这一问题上。 ③Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of attention. 健康和环境问题日益成为(人们)关注的焦点。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I regret not having focused my mind ________ my study. ②With all his energy ________ (focus) on his research, the scientist has no time to play with his son. 答案：①on　②focused (2)用focus及其短语的适当形式填空 Global warming is the ________ of the meeting tomorrow. Experts from different countries will ____________ a possible solution to this problem. In fact, many scientists are ________ their attention ________ this research. 答案：focus; focus on; focusing; on (3)单句表达 为了将来过上幸福的生活，年轻时你应该多关注你的事业。 To lead a happy life in the future, you should ________ more ________ your career while you are young. 答案：focus; on 16 Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more convenient. (教材P16) 首先，互联网使交流更加便捷。 剖析 包含了一个“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构。 归纳 拓展 ①He loves to work, loves to win, and loves to make people happy. 他热爱工作，好胜，极力为人们制造快乐。 ②They all want to make Jim their monitor. 他们都想让吉姆当班长。 ③His mother made him standing all the time. 他妈妈让他一直站着。 ④Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 我们老师让我们感觉更有信心了。 ⑤He shouted to make himself heard across the room. 他大喊，使得整个房间都能听到他的声音。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He couldn't make himself ________ (hear) above the noise of the traffic. ②The boy was made ________ (work) twelve hours a day. 答案：①heard　②to work (2)单句表达 ①我们队获胜的消息让我们很高兴。 The news that our team had won ________________________． ②我们选他作为我们足球队的队长。 We made him ________________________． 答案：①made us very happy　②captain of our football team 17 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. (教材P16) 无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 剖析 包含一个由no matter where和no matter what引导的让步状语从句。 归纳 拓展 ①No matter where (Wherever) you go, you should let your parents know. 无论你去哪里，你都应该让你的父母知道。 ②Whatever (No matter what) you say, I won't believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不信。 ③We'll have to finish the job, however (no matter how) long it takes. 无论花多少时间，我们都要把这项工作完成。 ④No matter who (Whoever) you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。 “no matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导名词性从句。 Whoever(≠No matter who) leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.(Whoever引导主语从句) 无论谁最后离开教室都应把灯关掉。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ comes to the party will receive a gift. ②No matter ________ he goes, he always sends e­mails to me. 答案：①Whoever　②where (2)单句表达 ①不管这个问题有多难，我们都必须自己解决。 ________________________________， we must solve it by ourselves. ②无论我们做什么，他都不会来帮忙的。 ________________________， he will not come to help. 答案：①However/No matter how difficult the problem may be　②Whatever/No matter what we do 18 limiting adj. 局限的，限制性的(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 ①Lack of cash is a limiting factor. 现金短缺是一个制约因素。 ②I have limited myself to 1，000 calories a day to lose weight. 为了减肥，我限定自己每天摄入1，000卡的热量。 ③The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures. 历史教学不应该局限于年代和人物。 ④I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. 我会尽力帮忙，但我能做的是有限的。 ⑤We are doing our best with the limited resources available. 在获得的有限资源内，我们要尽最大的努力。 单句语法填空 ①There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to ________ (serve) the people. ②Despite our subconscious behavior patterns, we can free ourselves from these ________ (limit) beliefs and tendencies. ③There is no limit ________ how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day. ④In my opinion, we should limit our expense ________ what we can afford. ⑤His English was so ________ (limit) that he couldn't even tell the foreign friend where he was from. 答案：①serving　②limiting　③to　④to　⑤limited 19 brief adj. 简洁的，简明的(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 ①In brief, he was pleased with the result. 简而言之，他对这个结果是满意的。 ②To be brief, the meeting was a disaster. 简单地说，这个会议糟透了。 (1)单句语法填空 There is little time left, and please tell me the whole thing ________ brief. 答案：in (2)单句表达 请你做个简单的自我介绍，好吗？ Would you please ________________________？ 答案：briefly introduce yourself Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．I believe that no one can ________ (伤害) you but yourself. 答案：harm 2．This article will form the ________ (基础) for our discussion. 答案：basis 3．As we saw in the preceding chapter, groups can be ________ (强有力的) agents of socialization. 答案：powerful 4．His work has been criticized for being imitative and ________ (肤浅的)． 答案：shallow 5．Where can I find the ________ (最新的) edition of this dictionary? 答案：latest 6．At work you need to be able to c________． 答案：concentrate 7．X­rays have c________ that he has not broken any bones. 答案：confirmed 8．In order to e________ success we must have a complete and thorough plan. 答案：ensure 9．Now please be b________—my time is valuable. 答案：brief 10．There's a strong a________ for lowering the price. 答案：argument Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Giving children whatever they want is ________ (harm) to them. 答案：harmful 2．Some videos have been banned on the ________ (base) that they are too violent. 答案：basis 3．He soon turned his dreams to ________ (real)． 答案：reality 4．You need money and time; ________ addition, you need diligence. 答案：in 5．Can you make yourself ________ (understand) in English? 答案：understood 6．The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 答案：it 7．Therefore, when ________ (view) as a whole, our forces are now more powerful than before. 答案：viewed 8.________ (kick) a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful. 答案：Kicking 9．I walked back ________ the others rode in the car. 答案：while 10．It was not until I became monitor of our class ________ I realized the importance of team work. 答案：that Ⅲ.选词填空 do harm to; stay in touch with; in addition to; point out; according to; be built on; focus on; be concerned with; be honest about; respond to 1．One should never intend to ____________ others, but should always guard against the harm others might do to him. 答案：do harm to 2．____________ your friends and family members when you meet difficulty. 答案：Stay in touch with 3．He will ____________ that, not me. 答案：respond to 4．____________ my studies, I got involved in lots of activities. 答案：In addition to 5．The talks will ____________ economic development of the region. 答案：focus on 6．All theories should ____________ a foundation of factual knowledge. 答案：be built on 7．Scholars and researchers should not ____________ whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. 答案：be concerned with 8．The teacher ____________ many mistakes in my homework. 答案：pointed out 9．____________ what I have learnt, we are going to have an outing next week. 答案：According to 10．____________ your efforts, workload, skills, and needs. 答案：Be honest about 课时语法精讲——合成词 语法体验 根据所给单词，把下列单词补充完整 site; ship; cent; thing; phone; line; centred; life 1．friend________ 2.any________ 3．per________ 4.web________ 5．on________ 6.self________ 7．real________ 8.smart________ 答案：1.ship　2.thing　3.cent　4.site　5.line　6.centred　7.life　8.phone 语法讲座 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词的现象，叫合成词，又称复合词(词与词之间可以有连字符)；其中以合成名词最多，其次是合成形容词、合成副词、合成代词等，以下学习合成词的构词法。 一、合成名词 1．名词＋名词＝名词 air＋port＝airport 机场 basket＋ball＝basketball 篮球 class＋room＝classroom 教室 silk＋worm＝silkworm 蚕 2．形容词＋名词＝名词 black＋board＝blackboard 黑板 brief＋case＝briefcase 公文包 green＋house＝greenhouse 温室 short＋hand＝shorthand 速写 3．动词＋名词＝名词 play＋ground＝playground 操场 spring＋board＝springboard 跳板；出发点 pick＋pocket＝pickpocket 扒手，小偷 break＋water＝breakwater 防洪堤 4．名词＋动词＝名词 sun＋shine＝sunshine 阳光 sun＋set＝sunset 日落 sun＋rise＝sunrise 日出 5．动名词＋名词＝名词 reading＋room＝reading­room 阅览室 waiting＋room＝waiting­room 等候室 living＋room＝living­room 起居室，客厅 sleeping＋pill＝sleeping­pill 安眠药 6．名词＋现在分词＝名词 hand＋writing＝handwriting 笔迹；书写体；书法 sight＋seeing＝sightseeing 观光，游览 7．动词＋副词＝名词 look＋out＝lookout 瞭望台；瞭望员 set＋up＝setup 装备 get＋together＝get­together 聚会 walk＋out＝walkout 罢工；退场 8．副词＋名词＝名词 back＋ground＝background 背景 down＋town＝downtown 市中心 9．名词＋介词短语＝名词 editor＋in chief＝editor­in­chief 主编 father＋in law＝father­in­law 岳父；公公 comrade (同志)＋in arms＝comrade­in­arms 战友 10．其他 good­for­nothing 无用之人 go­between 中间人；媒人 touch­me­not 凤仙花；高傲的人 二、合成副词 1．副词＋副词 further＋more＝furthermore 而且；此外 how＋ever＝however 然而；无论如何 2．代词＋副词 some＋how＝somehow 以某种方式 any＋where＝anywhere 任何地方 3．副词＋名词 over＋head＝overhead 在头顶/空中 down＋stairs＝downstairs 在楼下 4．形容词＋名词 any＋way＝anyway 不管怎样，无论如何 mean＋while＝meanwhile 同时，在此期间 三、合成形容词 1．形容词＋现在分词 good＋looking＝good­looking 好看的；美貌的 slow＋moving＝slow­moving 动作缓慢的 easy＋going＝easygoing 随和的 2．名词＋现在分词 man＋eating＝man­eating 食人的 peace＋loving＝peace­loving 爱好和平的 3．副词＋现在分词 forth＋coming＝forthcoming 即将到来的 out＋standing＝outstanding 杰出的；显著的 4．名词＋过去分词 air＋conditioned＝air­conditioned 有空调装置的 man＋made＝man­made 人造的 5．形容词＋过去分词 grey＋haired＝grey­haired 白发苍苍的 middle＋aged＝middle­aged 中年的 6．形容词＋名词 first＋rate＝first­rate 一流的 second＋hand＝second­hand 二手的；旧的 full＋time＝full­time 全职的 high＋class＝high­class 高级的 7．形容词＋副词 far＋away＝faraway 远方的 四、合成代词 1．反身代词 人称代词宾格的第三人称＋self/selves himself, herself, itself, themselves 物主代词的第一、二人称＋self/selves myself, yourself, ourselves 2．不定代词 some, any, no, every＋body/one/thing someone 某人　anything 任何事情　nobody 没有人　everybody 每个人，人人 五、其他形式的合成词 1．截短法 (1)截头 aeroplane→plane 飞机 telephone→phone 电话 (2)去尾 mathematics→math 数学 laboratory→lab 图书馆 examination→exam 考试 photograph→photo 照片 kilogramme→kilo千克 (3)截头去尾 refrigerator→fridge 冰箱 influenza→flu 流行性感冒 2．缩合法 (1)将一个词中的几个字母缩合成一个词 television→TV 电视 (2)首字母缩写法 将专有名词的各个组成词的第一个字母缩合成一个词 the United States→US 美利坚合众国 the United Nations→UN 联合国 video cassette recorder→VCR 录像机 compact disc→CD 激光唱片 fire hydrant→FH 消防栓 extra large→XL 特大号的 Unidentified Flying Object→UFO 不明飞行物 写出下列单词的构成方式 ①new­born ________________ ②long­lasting ________________ ③hard­working ________________ ④English­speaking ________________ ⑤heart­broken ________________ ⑥well­known ________________ ⑦off­campus ________________ ⑧world­famous ________________ ⑨long­distance ________________ ⑩snowfall ________________ ⑪horse­riding ________________ ⑫washroom ________________ ⑬weight­lifting ________________ ⑭get­together ________________ 答案：①形容词＋过去分词　②形容词＋现在分词　③副词＋现在分词　④名词＋现在分词 ⑤名词＋过去分词　⑥副词＋过去分词　⑦副词＋名词　⑧名词＋形容词　⑨形容词＋名词 ⑩名词＋动词　⑪名词＋现在分词　⑫动词＋名词　⑬名词＋现在分词　⑭动词＋副词 短语翻译 1．一次面对面的谈话 a face­to­face talk 2．一次长途电话 a long­distance telephone call 3．热爱和平的人民 peace­loving people 4．一个新生婴儿 a new­born baby 5．一个心地善良的女人 a kind­hearted woman 6．一位18岁的女孩 an eighteen­year­old girl 7．一位脾气好的老师 a good­tempered teacher 8．一名心不在焉的学生 an absent­minded student 9．一台二手电脑 a second­hand computer 10．一位心碎的母亲 a broken­hearted mother 课后课时作业(三) 较易题(占比60%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比0%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ A B C D 难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ Ⅰ　完形填空 15 years ago, I was arranged to be a doctor in a small hospital after graduation.As the __1__， it was the newcomer to be in charge of the night __2__ affairs.It was a thankless job for me __3__ Mr Henderson came into my life. At 11 pm of one April 5th night, a 60­year­old man suffering heart attack was __4__ into the emergency room. I did my best the whole night and managed to bring him back to life. Three months later, at 11 pm __5__， a couple visited me and the man calling himself John Henderson said I had saved his life and then he __6__ me. Before they left they handed me a delicate gift to __7__ their thankfulness.They said they would come to visit me __8__． The next April 5th night, I __9__ to stay, though a new doctor had replaced my night work.At exactly 11 pm, __10__， the Hendersons appeared, __11__ a baby stroller (婴儿车). It was their new grandchild. Last April 5th night, Mr Henderson handed me another gift—a silver card __12__ seven words carved on it：A good friend is my nearest __13__. I take it as one of my priceless __14__ because it always reminds me that a job that I had been __15__ to do should bring me family­like care from someone I would have never known. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者毕业后当了一名医生，在值夜班时救了一位患心脏病的老人。这对夫妇为了感谢他的救命之恩，每年的同一时间都来拜访他。 1．(　　)A.culture B．origin C．honor D．tradition 答案：D 解析：根据设空后“it was the newcomer to be in charge of the night __2__ affairs”可知，新来的医生要负责值夜班，这是一个惯例。故选D。 2．(　　)A.operation B．emergency C．prescription D．nursing 答案：B 解析：此处指负责夜间突发事件。故选B。 3．(　　)A.before B．after C．since D．as 答案：A 解析：根据上文“a thankless job for me”可知，此处指在Mr Henderson (亨德森)先生走进作者的生活以前，对作者来说这是一份费力不讨好的工作。故选A。 4．(　　)A.delivered B．arranged C．rushed D．forced 答案：C 解析：根据上文“a 60­year­old man suffering heart attack”可知，此处指一位患有心脏病的60岁的老人被匆匆推进了抢救室。故选C。 5．(　　)A.shortly B．sharp C．soon D．punctually 答案：B 解析：根据下文“At exactly 11 pm”可知，此处是指晚上11点整。sharp “(……点)整”。故选B。 6．(　　)A.seized B．greeted C．praised D．hugged 答案：D 解析：根据上文作者救了他的命可知，出于感恩他拥抱了作者。故选D。 7．(　　)A.express B．reveal C．display D．perform 答案：A 解析：此处指他们送给作者一份精美的礼物来表达他们对作者的感谢。express “表达”。故选A。 8．(　　)A.hourly B．monthly C．quarterly D．annually 答案：D 解析：根据下文“The next April 5th night”及“Last April 5th night”可知，他们每年都会来看作者。故选D。 9．(　　)A.happened B．refused C．volunteered D．intended 答案：C 解析：根据下文“though a new doctor had replaced my night work”可知，此处指作者自愿留下来。故选C。 10．(　　)A.by accident B．for sure C．in addition D．once again 答案：D 解析：此处指晚上11点整，Henderson夫妇再次出现。故选D。 11．(　　)A.pushing B．driving C．carrying D．sending 答案：A 解析：根据下文“It was their new grandchild.”可知，此处指推着一辆婴儿车。故选A。 12．(　　)A.with B．in C．above D．behind 答案：A 解析：此处是with的复合结构，表示“有……”。故选A。 13．(　　)A.neighbor B．relation C．partner D．doctor 答案：B 解析：此处指良友如近亲。relation “亲戚”。故选B。 14．(　　)A.collections B．achievements C．exhibitions D．treasures 答案：D 解析：此处指我把它当作我的无价之宝。treasure “珍宝”。故选D。 15．(　　)A.glad B．hesitated C．unwilling D．careless 答案：C 解析：根据上文“a thankless job for me”可知，此处指它总是提醒我，我以前不愿意做的工作竟然给我带来了来自我本来不认识的人的家人般的关怀。故选C。 Ⅱ　阅读 A Many families these days have computers in the home and most parents allow their children to use them and it is so important that parents and their children are all aware of the risks that can be a danger to children when they do not follow important rules of teen Internet safety. It is important that everyone follows tips and suggestions to stay safe online. When it comes to your children, be aware of the friends that they hang around with. Start paying attention if they begin talking about anyone they don't hang out with after school or in class. Always ask where they know a friend. Be sure that the time that your children spend on the Internet is limited, especially if they are not using it for homework or they are younger. The less time that is spent on the Internet obviously results in less time that they are out there exposed (暴露) to the dangers of the Web. Talking to your children often is one of the best ways to stay in touch with what they are doing and what they are up to. You cannot have any idea whether there is something strange or out of place if you have no idea what is normally going on with them. However, at the same time, you need to remember how much you want new friends, so be careful that you do not berate your children. Allow them some freedom with the Internet, but to stay safe online, coach them about guidelines for teen Internet safety. The news about the horrible results of not following safety precautions (措施) are frightening, but with proper guidance and diligence (勤勉) mainly on the part of parents, children and teens will be able to stay safe online and enjoy it, as it should be. For more information regarding tips for teen Internet safety, just go online safely. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。在现代社会，计算机和网络已经进入千家万户。网络安全也成为家庭和社会需要关注的话题，特别是家长，要注意引导孩子遵守一些安全规则。 1.The writer writes Paragraph 1 to ________．(　　) A．warn the children not to go online at home B．tell us the computer has come into our daily life C．introduce the topic of this passage D．express his doubts 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。第一段说明了随着网络进入千家万户，人们应该注意网络可能会给孩子带来危害，即应该注意青少年的网络安全问题。所以，作者写第一段的意图是引出本文话题。故选C。 2．Which of the following shows that your children probably get into trouble？(　　) A．They spend too much time on the Internet. B．They stay with their friends for a long time. C．They are good at operating the computer. D．They use the computer to do their homework. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The less time ... of the Web.”可知，孩子上网时间越少，他们接触网络危险的时间也就越少。由此可推知，如果孩子花大量时间上网，那么他们可能陷入了麻烦。故选A。 3．The underlined word “berate” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．(　　) A．support B．scold C．follow D．change 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词之前的句子可知，父母也很需要新的朋友，所以父母不应该随便批评孩子，由此可推知，该词意为“责备，批评”。故选B。 4．According to the passage, who should pay more attention to the children's safety online？(　　) A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Officials. D．Policemen. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章中出现的“parents, your children”及最后一段第一句中的“but with proper guidance and diligence (勤勉) mainly on the part of parents”可推知，父母更应该注意孩子的上网安全问题。故选B。 B Technology has become an important part of our lives. It has changed our lives in many ways. It makes life more convenient for us: we can send messages quickly via the Internet, cook meals in a few minutes in a microwave, and book train tickets online instead of walking to the station. Have we become addicted to technology? Not too long ago, many children enjoyed reading a good book in their spare time. Nowadays, adolescents are more likely to be seen playing video games or watching television. Some people even claim they can't go without watching their favorite TV programme, which is a bit extreme! Similarly, sending letters has become a thing of the past. It has been replaced by e­mail, instant messaging and social media. I think this is a huge shame; for me, there's nothing better than receiving a letter in the post. It shows someone has taken the time to sit down and write something; this is much more personal than a conversation online. I regularly send letters and postcards to my grandma to keep her updated with my life in France. The existence of social media has turned us into antisocial beings. Instead of meeting up with friends and seeing them face­to­face, we now spend a lot of time communicating online. Although it has its advantages—especially enabling us to keep in touch with loved ones in different countries—we shouldn't forget the value of real­life human interaction. It is, after all, in our nature to meet others! I spend a lot of time using technology. I rely on the Internet and my laptop to plan lessons for my classes. I use WiFi on my phone to send messages. That said, when I'm on holiday it is nice to switch them all off and have a break. Taking a break from technology is liberating. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章的作者主要讨论了技术是如何影响我们的日常生活的并发表了自己的看法。 5．The question in the first paragraph is used to ________．(　　) A．stress the importance of technology B．expect readers to make an immediate answer C．show the writer's doubt on technology D．introduce the topic of the passage 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。文章第一段中首先提到技术广泛地应用于日常生活中，它使我们的生活更便利，最后提出了“Have we become addicted to technology？”这个问题，目的是引出文章的主题。故选D。 6．According to the text, the writer ________．(　　) A．valued communication in real life B．felt ashamed of writing a letter C．spent a lot of time using social media D．couldn't go without technology 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“we shouldn't forget the value of real­life human interaction(我们不应该忘记现实生活中人际互动的价值)”可推知，作者非常重视现实生活中的交流。故选A。 7．The last sentence of the text implies that ________．(　　) A．everyone is free to use technology B．you will get freedom by giving up technology C．technology can break down for a while D．our life can't be ruled by technology 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知，脱离技术的束缚是一种解放。由此可推知，放弃使用技术你会得到自由。故选B。 8．What might be the most suitable title for the passage？(　　) A．Does Technology Improve Our Life? B．Will Our Fate Be Decided by Technology? C．Are We Addicted to Technology? D．Can We Get Rid of Technology? 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提出“Have we become addicted to technology？”，下文围绕这一问题展开讨论。C项(我们沉迷于技术吗？)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 C I received a private message on Facebook. It began harmlessly enough: “Hey, girl. Wanted to invite you to join my next challenge group—we'll be focusing on fitting in 30 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition.” It was all becoming too much. Facebook was running my life, not me. But what killed Facebook for me was when I posted a photo, and five minutes later my son asked me how many “likes” it had got. His question was a wake­up call. “Likes” are signs of acceptance and approval (认可). I had forgotten that acceptance and approval need to come from within and had unknowingly set him a bad example. Before Facebook, surfing the Internet was an occasional distraction (使人消遣的事) and I spent a lot more time reading books and magazines. I checked in with friends through texts, emails and phone calls. To recreate the simplicity (质朴) of those days and set a healthier example for my son, I deactivated my Facebook account. I'd been in the habit of checking Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. I carried a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting (针织). I started taking yoga classes. I started to remember a few things. My body is fine just the way it is. I have friends who will help me out when I'm in trouble, and I will help them out. I do my best to be a good mother, and our son is happy and healthy. We are very lucky to be able to afford two vacations a year. I stopped looking at the world through my cellphone. I felt completely present in the moment. The break left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life. After a few weeks, I returned to Facebook. Now I look at the photos of my friends' kids growing up and treasure how social media allows me to keep in touch with family far and wide. I look in on a daily basis, but no longer with the desire constantly to post updates.It is not an addiction any more. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了给儿子树立一个更健康的榜样，作者停用了Facebook (脸谱网)账户，并且花时间去发现生活中的美好。 9．The underlined word “deactivated” is closest in meaning to “________”．(　　) A．close B．update C．keep D．check 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句 “To recreate the ... I deactivated my Facebook account.”可知，为了重现当年的质朴生活，给儿子树立一个更健康的榜样，作者关掉了Facebook，由此可知，画线词 deactivate意为“关闭”。故选A。 10．What did the author do to change her life？(　　) A．She went to the gym as often as she could. B．She developed some healthy habits. C．She tried to make money for her holidays. D．She traveled around a lot for a year. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“I'd been in the habit of ... I started taking yoga classes.”可知，作者通过随身带小说和填字游戏书、做针织、上瑜伽课养成一些健康的习惯来改变她的生活。故选B。 11．What did the author think of the break from Facebook？(　　) A．It was good for her eyes. B．It stopped her getting news. C．It distanced her from her friends. D．It gave her time to find beauty in life. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I felt completely ... and my life.”可知，关闭Facebook的这段休息时间使她有时间去发现生活中的美好。故选D。 12．What is the author's attitude towards social media？(　　) A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now I look at the photos of ... constantly to post updates.(现在我看着我朋友的孩子成长的照片，珍惜社交媒体如何让我与远方的家人保持联系。我每天都去看，但不再渴望不断地发布更新。)”可推知，现在作者对于社交媒体保持一种比较客观的态度。故选C。 D We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. What's the problem? It's possible that we all don't have enough conversational ability. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's embarrassing and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's a valuable social practice that leads to big benefits. It is easy to consider small talk as unimportant, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist (存在) if there weren't casual conversations. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The secret to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.” In a study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people to a coffee shop. One group was asked to interact with its waiter, the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported obviously higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network is important for our happiness and health.” Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging, a link with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何和周围的人进行闲聊以及闲聊的好处。 13．What does the underlined word “casual” in Paragraph 3 mean？(　　) A．Addictive. B．Public. C．Personal. D．Informal. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中画线词所在句“It is easy to consider ... if there weren't casual conversations.(人们很容易认为闲聊不重要，但我们不能忘记，如果没有casual交谈，深层关系甚至不会存在。)”可知，casual conversations指的是句中的small talk，即闲聊，由此可推知，画线词意为“非正式的”。故选D。 14．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？(　　) A．Showing good manners. B．Making business deals. C．Focusing on a topic. D．Keeping in contact with other people. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The secret to successful small talk ... not just communicate with them.(成功闲聊的秘诀是学会如何与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。)”可知，Carducci(卡尔杜齐)认为，与他人保持联系对成功的闲聊很重要。故选D。 15．What does the coffee­shop study suggest about small talk？(　　) A．It raises people's confidence. B．It makes people feel good. C．It improves family relationships. D．It matters as much as a formal talk. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The results showed ... coffee shop experience.(结果显示，那些与服务员聊天的人的积极情绪明显更高，咖啡店体验也更好。)”可知，和服务员聊天的人的积极情绪更高，即这会使人感觉更好。故选B。 16．What is the best title for the text？(　　) A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk C．Importance of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence 答案：C 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过描述当前社会中存在与陌生人缺乏交流的现象切入，第二段分析其原因并引入观点，即专家认为闲聊是非常宝贵的社交实践，能带来巨大的好处，第三段讲述了成功闲聊的关键，第四段通过一项研究，进一步具体指出闲聊的益处，最后一段说明闲聊是培养良好礼貌的基础。因此，本文主要说明了闲聊的重要性，C项(闲聊的重要性)最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 课后课时作业(四) 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比25%)　拔高题(占比25%) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★ Ⅰ　阅读 Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing. com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it． Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E­mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual (虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty­five countries. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。BookCrossing.com是一个图书漂流网站，它帮助喜爱读书的人们传递图书，进而促进交流和分享。 1．Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？(　　) A．To explain what they are. B．To introduce BookCrossing. C．To stress the importance of reading. D．To encourage readers to share their ideas. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, the website ... a book group.”可推知，作者提到book groups是为了引出BookCrossing。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？(　　) A．The book. B．An adventure. C．A public place. D．The identification number. 答案：A 解析：指代判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide ...”可推知，此处的“it”指的是上文中的“the book”。故选A。 3．What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it？(　　) A．Meet other readers to discuss it. B．Keep it safe in his bookcase. C．Pass it on to another reader. D．Mail it back to its owner. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then the person ... who finds it．”可知，读完书之后，BookCrossers会把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。由此可知，BookCrossers将会把书继续传递给其他的读者。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text？(　　) A．Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B．Electronic Books: A New Trend C．A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D．A Website Links People Through Books 答案：D 解析：标题判断题。通读全文内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了BookCrossing.com网站的功能及其创建的意义。由此可知，D项(一个网站通过书籍将人们连接起来)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 Ⅱ　七选五 Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Linked In ... The ways to connect with all of us on social media are limitless. 1(____) Here's what not to do. People are extremely particular when it comes to sharing pictures on social media. So, don't post pictures of people without their permission. While you may not think posting the picture is a big deal, the other person may disagree. 2(____) It will help you avoid upsetting your loved ones. Just got a new job? Bought a new car? You have got promoted? Or maybe you decided you're moving? Don't tweet or post your news to the world before sharing it with your loved ones. A love relationship largely depends on safety and security and the chance to get inside information is an important part of that. 3(____) Social media is public. 4(____) It's possible to accidentally hurt loved ones by oversharing. Every relationship is different, so talk to your loved ones before sharing anything you doubt may be borderline too much. Oversharing is one of several habits that destroy trust in relationships. 5(____) If you're upset and you have the urge to post something that may come off as mean, put down your phone, computer, or tablet and express your anger in another way. It is recommended that you use social media as a tool to spread positivity, such as birthday posts or meaningful articles. A．Just ask before you do that. B．Don't view social media as only bad. C．Never use social media when you're mad. D．These signs confirm that your relationship is rock solid. E．You shouldn't be sharing private information with the world. F．In many ways, social media has made our world a better place. G．However, don't let your online life negatively affect your real life. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几件不要在社交媒体上做的事情。 1．答案：G 解析：上文“The ways to connect with all of us on social media are limitless.”提到了社交媒体的好处，下文“Here's what not to do.”提到了有一些事情不应该做。G项 (然而，不要让你的网络生活对你的现实生活产生负面影响。)承上启下。故选G。 2．答案：A 解析：上文“While you may not think posting the picture is a big deal, the other person may disagree.”提到其他人可能不同意自己的照片被发布到网上。A项(在你这么做之前先问一下。)承接上文。故选A。 3．答案：D 解析：上文“A love relationship ... part of that.”提到消息应该首先和爱的人分享。D项(这些迹象表明你们的关系坚如磐石。)承接上文。故选D。 4．答案：E 解析：上文“Social media is public.”提到社交媒体的特点；下文“It's possible to accidentally hurt loved ones by oversharing.”提到过度分享的弊端。E项(你不应该和全世界分享私人信息。)承上启下。故选E。 5．答案：C 解析：下文“If you're upset ... your anger in another way.”提到不要通过社交媒体宣泄负面情绪。 C项(生气的时候千万不要使用社交媒体。)引出下文。故选C。 Ⅲ　语法填空 Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities, where people are able to make full use of the rapidly­developed Internet technology. Nowadays, can we find a person __1__ hasn't experienced online shopping? Definitely not. Online shopping __2__ (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of the consumer, it can save some time for people who don't have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get __3__ they want while staying at home. For the retailers, it can cut some costs for those who don't have much circulating funds. __4__ (compare) with the traditional trade mode (风格), it saves them the need to rent a house. However, there are still some __5__ (disadvantage) in online shopping. First, a face­to­face deal makes online shopping __6__ (little) reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargain. It is undeniable (不可否认的) that shopping on the internet has become __7__ irresistible (无法抗拒的) trend in modern society. It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid __8__ (grow) of online shopping. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and __9__ (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of __10__ (cheat)． 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网购的优势及劣势，制定与之相一致的法律来保护网购人群的利益是必要的。 1．答案：who/that 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为a person，指人，引导词在定语从句中作主语。故填who/that。 2．答案：is welcomed 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。Online shopping与动词welcome之间是被动关系，且此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语Online shopping表示单数，助动词应用is。故填is welcomed。 3．答案：whatever/what 解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“(任何)……的东西”。故填whatever/what。 4．答案：Compared 解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语，it与compare之间为被动关系，应用compare的过去分词。故填Compared。 5．答案：disadvantages 解析：考查名词。disadvantage为可数名词，根据some可知，此处应用名词复数。故填disadvantages。 6．答案：less 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处指网上购物与面对面交易相比，不那么可靠和值得信任。故填less。 7．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，又因irresistible的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．答案：growth 解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的with the rapid和后面的介词of可知，应用名词作介词with的宾语。故填growth。 9．答案：convenience 解析：考查词性转换。and连接两个并列结构，根据and前的名词pleasure可知，设空处应用名词。故填convenience。 10．答案：being cheated 解析：考查非谓语动词。of为介词，其后接动名词，且we与cheat之间是被动关系。故填being cheated。 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool. In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don't be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！” “OK！” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和父亲去Paul (保罗)叔叔家的农场上度假。下午，作者和父亲一起去骑马，欣赏草原上的风景。但是一只兔子扰乱了这一切，到底发生了什么事情呢？他们能找到回去的路吗？ [精彩范文] Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Instinctively, I yelled out loud, pulling back the reins hard in order to stop the horse from hurting the little creature. Badly surprised by the sudden incident, the horse sped off the track into another direction. Dad followed closely behind, calling out to tell me how to soothe the terrified horse and I did as told. Finally, the horse calmed down, but we seemed to get lost, unable to go back to the mountain road. We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Wandering around, we were still stuck in the dilemma. Much to our delight, the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank. Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that. Time appeared to be merrier and shorter when I stayed together with Dad and before long, the farm house came into sight. What a thrilling but memorable experience it was! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$