Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第二册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 ３ 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课后课时作业（一） 6 课后课时作业（二） 7 课前预习自检 About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. 大概三年前，我身上发生了一件可怕的事。 •That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. 就在那天，仅仅6小时就击垮了我的身体和心灵。 You think I am a very old man—but I am not. 你认为我是一个年老之人，但我不是。 It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. 不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑色变成了白色。 课前预习自检 ①when it took only ... 是_____引导的____从句，修饰先行词_______，并在从句中作_____状语。 ②_____ n. 灵魂 when 定语 the day 时间 soul 课前预习自检 •One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. 有一天，我和我的两个兄弟从经常冒险的岛上回来，得到了比其他人更多的鱼。 All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. 突然，天空被乌云笼罩，不到一分钟，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。 A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea. 一个巨浪拍在了我们的船上，我的弟弟掉进了海里。 课前预习自检 My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe­strom！” 我的哥哥把嘴凑近我的耳边喊道“莫斯科—斯特罗姆！” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. 我一听到这个词就变得非常害怕。 •I knew what he meant by that one word well enough. 我知道他的意思，这一个词足以表达。 课前预习自检 ③________ adj. 受惊的，害怕的 ④where we often ... 是______引导的_____从句，修饰先行词_________，并在从句中作_____状语。 ⑤what he meant为what引导的_____从句，what在从句中作_____。 frightened where 定语 the islands 地点 宾语 宾语 课前预习自检 With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. 因为风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。 We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. 我们很绝望。什么也救不了我们。 •I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得不舒服，就像自己在梦中从山顶坠落。 We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. 我们转了又转，越来越接近可怕的漩涡边缘。 课前预习自检 It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. 这可能看起来很奇怪，但当我们在漩涡边缘的那一刻时，我感到比我们向漩涡移动时更平静。 I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. 我开始觉得以这样的方式死去多么令人惊讶，并且能看到自然的力量是多么神奇。 课前预习自检 Suddenly, we went over the edge. 猛然间，我们来到了(漩涡的)边缘。 I thought my life was over. 我以为我的生命要结束了。 But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe. 但是时间一点点地过去，我仍然很安全。 课前预习自检 ⑥as if I was ... a dream是____引导的_________从句。 ⑦_______ adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 ⑧_____ n. 边缘 ⑨____________ 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) as if 方式状语 horrible edge on the edge of 课前预习自检 The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. 船进入巨大漩涡的内部，我们在漩涡里飞速地旋转着。 •I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels. 我能清楚地看见漩涡里有其他的东西——树和桶。 After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. 过了一会儿，我开始对漩涡本身感到好奇。 I then made three important observations. 然后我有三个重要的发现。 课前预习自检 The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly. 第一，越大的东西，下沉得越快；第二，两个同等重量的东西，圆形的物体下沉更快；第三，两个同样大小的东西，管状的东西下沉更慢。 So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. 所以我把自己捆在一个桶上，以此来帮助我浮起来。 I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. 我试图让我的兄弟明白这一点，但是他太害怕了，待在笨重的船上。 Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape. 刻不容缓，我跳入海里设法逃生。 课前预习自检 ⑩______ n. 桶 ⑪that ... trees and barrels为that引导的_____从句，that在从句中不作成分。 ⑫______ adj. 好奇的 ⑬_________ n. 观察；观察结果 ⑭_____ adj. 相等的；相同的 ⑮_____ n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 ⑯____ n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 barrel 宾语 curious observation equal extent tube 课前预习自检 •As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 如你所见，我之所以能在这里讲这个故事是因为我做了正确的决定。 Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. 我离开船后不久，我的哥哥在船上，它被拖进了漩涡的底部。 Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild. 很快，漩涡变得不那么猛烈了。 Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. 天晴了，风静了，月亮在闪烁。 课前预习自检 I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. 我还和桶绑在一起，浪很快把我带到渔民聚集的地方。 In the end, a boat picked me up. 最后，一条船(上的人)把我救了起来。 I was very tired. 我已经筋疲力尽了。 The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to recognise me. 渔民是我的老朋友，但是他们却认不出我。 课前预习自检 When I told them my story, they did not believe it. 当我告诉他们这个故事的时候，他们根本不相信。 Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did. 现在我告诉了你，我没有期盼你比渔民更相信我。 课前预习自检 ⑰As you can see是__引导的_____________从句，也可将其整体视为____语；why I'm ... 是why引导的____从句，修饰先行词_______; that I ... decision是____从句。 as 非限制性定语 插入 定语 reason 表语 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满人的(教材P28) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①It is always crowded with customers at meal times. 在饭点时，(饭馆里)总是挤满了顾客。 ②Everyone in the restaurant crowded around them and started singing. 餐馆里每个人都聚集到他们身边开始唱歌。 ③We had to crowd into the kitchen with others. 我们只好和其他人一起挤到厨房里。 ④The old workers are being crowded out by the young workers. 这些老工人被年轻工人挤走了。 重点合作探究 crowd是集体名词，意为“人群，大众”。在句中作主语时，强调整体，谓语动词用单数；强调个体，谓语动词用复数。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 The crowd crowded _____ the stadium which was crowded _____ audience. (2)单句表达 地铁通常很拥挤，以至于我找不到座位。 Usually, the subway is _____________ I can't find anywhere to sit. into with so crowded that 重点合作探究 2 shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信(教材P29) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Everyone around will be shocked by your English. 周围的人都会对你的英语感到震惊。 ②The gang is shocked to hear the news, especially Rachel. 得知这个消息，大家都很震惊，尤其是瑞秋。 ③She's still in shock, but she can stand it. 她还在震惊中，但她还能忍受。 ④After the shocking news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt shocked. 这条令人震惊的消息传遍了整个城市后，大家都感到震惊。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①We have noted relevant reports, and are shocked _____ (see) the disclosed details. ②It is ________ (shock) that they involved children in the crime. to see shocking 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①他们三个人震惊地在茱丽叶的床边跪了下来。 The three of them knelt down beside Juliet's bed _______． ②如果听到真相，他会震惊的。 He would ________________ the truth. ③你会惊讶于在没有任何损失的情况下文章能紧凑那么多。 You will ____________ how much you can tighten your prose without losing anything. in shock be shocked to hear be shocked at 重点合作探究 3 escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①He was fatally wounded as he tried to escape. 他在设法逃跑的时候受了重伤。 ②A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England. 一名囚犯从英格兰北部的一所监狱中越狱。 ③It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment. 那个男演员的名字我一时想不起来了。 ④The old man had a narrow escape in the battle when he was young. 这个老人年轻时在战争中死里逃生。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①The boy was lucky to escape ____________ (punish) that day. ②The dog escaped _____ the cage and escaped __________ (kill) by the man. being punished from being killed 重点合作探究 4 survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，有平等的生存权利。 ②During those days, the old man survived on some water and dry bread. 在那段日子里，老人靠着一些水和干面包活了下来。 ③She survived her husband by five years. 她比她丈夫多活了五年。 ④We will hold a party in celebration of his survival next week. 下周我们会举行派对庆祝他活了下来。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①我很想知道他们靠那么微薄的收入是怎么活下来的。 I wonder how they can ________________________． ②对他来说，在火灾中幸存下来是非常幸运的。 It was very lucky for him ________________． survive on such poor income to survive the fire 重点合作探究 5 That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. (教材P30) 那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。 剖析 when引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the day；在定语从句中，包含了一个“It takes (sb) some time to do sth”的结构。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①It took her two hours to pick a dress that suited her. 她花了两个小时才挑了一件适合她的衣服。 ②It takes me half an hour to get to the National Stadium. 我到国家体育馆需要半个小时。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：take/spend/pay/cost take 表示“花费”，往往只用于表示花费时间，常见用法：It takes (sb)＋时间＋to do sth “做某事花费(某人)多少时间”；doing sth takes sb＋时间 “做某事花费某人多少时间” spend 其宾语既可以是时间，也可以是金钱，动作发出者即主语必须是人；若时间/金钱作主语则用被动语态；常用结构：spend time/money on sth “在……上花费时间(金钱)”； spend time/money (in) doing sth “花费时间(金钱)做某事” pay 一般表示“付钱”，主语是人，有被动语态；pay (sb) money for sth “付钱(给某人)买……”； pay for sth “付……的钱”；pay for sb “替某人付钱” cost 主语是物或某种活动，一般表示“花费”，常见用法：sth costs (sb) some money “某物花费了(某人)多少钱”； (doing) sth costs (sb)＋时间“某物(做某事)花费了(某人)多少时间” 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动语态 重点合作探究 ①It took him three hours to repair his bike. 他花了三个小时修理自行车。 ②Stores spend more and more on crime prevention every year. 商店每年在防止犯罪方面的花费越来越多。 ③She pays ￡200 a week for this apartment. 这套房子她每周要付租金200英镑。 ④The meal cost us about ￡40. 这顿饭花了我们约40英镑。 重点合作探究 选词填空(take/spend/pay/cost) ①They _____ two years (in) building this bridge. ②It ____ them three years to build this road. ③A new computer _____ a lot of money. ④I have to ____ them 20 pounds for this room each month. spent took costs pay 重点合作探究 6 One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. (教材P30) 有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。 剖析 where引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词the islands。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①They went to London, where they lived for six months. 他们去了伦敦，在那里待了六个月。 ②They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held. 他们昨天抵达那里，一个关于销售的谈判将在那里举行。 重点合作探究 (1)先行词为地点，但是在定语从句中作主语或者宾语时，要用that, which或不填，不用where引导。 (2)where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别：主句中如果有表示地点的名词，后面带有 where引导的从句时，一般视为定语从句；而地点状语从句前没有表示地点的名词。 重点合作探究 ①The place (which/that) I visited last week is in Hong Kong.(从句中缺少宾语) 上周我去的地方在香港。 ②The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.(定语从句) 我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。 ③I found my books where I had left them.(地点状语从句) 我在我原来放书的地方发现了我的书。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①After graduation, she reached a point in her career _____ she needed to decide what to do. ②The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _____ a good impression is a must. where where 重点合作探究 7 The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. (教材P30) 一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。 剖析 the moment是名词充当连词的功能，意思是“一……就”，引导时间状语从句。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I have to go to Dallas the moment the meeting finishes. 会议一结束，我就得去达拉斯。 ②The minute that the war started, everybody was glued to the television. 战事一起，所有人都盯紧了电视(报道)。 ③I sent you the news the instant I heard it. 我一得到消息就通知了你。 ④No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就又让他离开。 ⑤Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain. 我们刚开始散步就下起了雨。 重点合作探究 如果 no sooner, hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首，其所在的主句要使用部分倒装。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 The head of the company promised to deal with the matter ___ moment he returned to his office. (2)单句表达 我刚到火车站，火车就开走了。 _________________ the station when the train left. the Hardly had I got to 重点合作探究 8 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I was frightened at the sound. 我听到那声音不禁大吃一惊。 ②Growing numbers of people in the rural areas are too frightened to vote. 在农村地区越来越多的人因为太过恐惧而不敢投票。 ③It is frightening to think it could happen again. 想到此事可能再次发生就使人不寒而栗。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①Because of her last terrible experience, she is ________(frighten) to go out at night. ②Going into hospital can be very __________ (frighten) for a child. ③Were you _________ at the sight of your mother's ___________________ look? (frighten) frightened frightening frightened frightening/frightened 重点合作探究 9 I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. (教材P31) 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 剖析 as if “好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他待我如陌生人。 ②She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 ③He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。 ④He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 重点合作探究 as if 后面可以接陈述语气和虚拟语气，如果句子的情况是真实的，那么只要保持时态一致即可，如果后面接的并非真实情况，则要按照虚拟语气规则改变句子谓语动词的形式。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①Tom raised his hands as if _____ (say) something, but he remained silent in the end. ②Gray was behaving as if nothing ____________ (happen)． to say had happened 重点合作探究 10 curious adj.好奇的(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The boy is curious about the origin of mankind. 这个男孩对人类的起源感到好奇。 ②People are curious to see how smoothly this new generation will adapt to the world of work. 人们正拭目以待，想看看新一代如何顺利适应职场。 ③Just out of curiosity, have you ever failed a certification test? 出于好奇心，请问您曾经参加认证测试失败过吗？ 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He is more curious ______ than fond of baseball. ②The woman in the shop had looked at them ________ (curious)． (2)单句表达 ①这个记者很想知道那位官员是否涉及此案。 The reporter ________________ whether the official is involved in the case. ②他提出这个问题是出于好奇心，而非求知欲。 He asked the question _____________ rather than out of his desire for knowledge. about curiously is curious to know out of curiosity 重点合作探究 11 observation n.观察；观察结果(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour. 大部分信息都是通过直接观察动物的行为来收集的。 ②The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 ③The policeman observed the man opening the window. 警察看到那个人正在开窗户。 ④She observed that all the chairs were already occupied. 她发现所有的椅子都有人坐了。 ⑤Readers are required to observe the rules of the library and mind their manners. 读者被要求遵守图书馆的规章制度，并且注意自己的行为。 ⑥Do they observe Spring Festival in that country? 那个国家的人过春节吗？ 重点合作探究 observe sb do sth改为被动语态时，省去的不定式符号to要还原，即sb be observed to do sth。 重点合作探究 (1)写出下列句中observe的含义 ①I observed him closely as I worked together with him._____ ②The one who doesn't observe the law will be punished sooner or later. _________________ ③The Chinese people in that country observe some of the Chinese traditional festivals._____ 观察 遵守(规则、法律等) 庆祝 重点合作探究 (2)单句语法填空 ①The suspect is being kept ______ observation. ②I observed her _____ (send) her children to school yesterday morning. (3)单句表达 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。 The woman ______________ follow him closely. under send was observed to 重点合作探究 12 The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell ... (教材P31) 第一，物体越大，下落越快…… 剖析 “the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”句型，表示“越……就越……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The busier he is, the happier he becomes. 他越忙越高兴。 ②The better I know him, the more I learn from him. 我越是了解他，向他学到的东西就越多。 ③The bigger the bottle is, the more water it will hold. 瓶子越大，装的水就越多。 ④The more you laugh, the less you worry. 笑声越多，烦恼就越少。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 The more I thought about this problem, ______________ (terrible) I felt, because I didn't know how to solve it. (2)单句表达 ①她越逢迎，我越不喜欢她。 ________ she flatters, _______ I like her. ②他越不担心，工作就做得越好。 _______ he worried, ________ he worked. the more terrible The more the less The less the better 重点合作探究 13 equal adj.相等的；相同的(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. 不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。 ②One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer. 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。 ③Few pleasures can be equal in that of a cool drink in summer. 在夏天，几乎没有任何乐趣能与一杯冷饮相比。 ④The film attracts widespread attention, and has no equal/is without equal in cinema history. 那部电影受众人瞩目，在电影史上无与伦比。 ⑤Success doesn't only depend on what you do. What you don't do is equally important. 成功不仅仅在于你做了什么，你没有做什么也同样重要。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①This job could be done _______ (equal) well by a computer. ②They are equal __ both talent and abilities. (2)单句表达 ①供求均等。 The supply _________ the demand. ②他在音乐方面没有对手。 He ________________________ in music. equally in is equal to has no equal/is without equal 重点合作探究 14 Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. (教材P31) 在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。 剖析 with ... in it是with的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在句中作状语。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The stranger is standing there with his eyes looking at me. 那个陌生人站在那里看着我。(现在分词) ②With the work finished, they went for an outing. 工作完成后，他们外出游玩。(过去分词) ③With you to help us, we'll surely succeed. 有你来帮助我们，我们一定会成功。(不定式) ④In the evening, we arrived at a hotel with a small garden in front of it. 傍晚时，我们来到了一个前面有小花园的旅馆。(介词短语) 重点合作探究 with复合结构的难点在于现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。现在分词表示主动或进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成的动作；动词不定式表示将要发生的动作。因此，确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语之间的关系，以及非谓语动词所表示的时间概念十分重要。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands _____ (glue) to the mobile phone. ②In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees _____ (live) in. ③With so much work _____ (do), I can't attend their wedding. glued living to do 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．You will never be too careful to cross the ________(拥挤的) street. 2．They were glad to have ________ (逃离) the clutches of winter for another year. 3．There is an _____ (相等的) number of boys and girls in the class. 4．It's a complete ________ (难以理解的事物) to me why they chose him. 5．Miriam was too ________ (害怕的) to tell her family what had happened. crowded escaped equal mystery 答案 frightened 课堂效果检测(一) 75 6．She was c______ about it and wanted to see what it was like. 7．In hospital she'll be under o________ all the time. 8．The machine can r________ handwritten characters and turn them into printed text. 9．He is the only one to s______ the big fire. 10．Since when have you been interested in p_____？ urious bservation ecognize urvive 答案 oetry 课堂效果检测(一) 76 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We hope the desert would be ________ (cover) with trees. 2．The more English you practise, the _____ (good) your English is. 3．The old man over there is looking around, and hesitating, ___ if unsure of where he is; let's go and see if he needs help. 4．Agriculture and industry are the base ___ which to build up the nation. 5．It was the second air disaster in the region in ____ (little) than two months. covered better as on 答案 less 课堂效果检测(一) 77 6．If you put the glass ___ the edge of the table, it may fall off. 7．I am curious _____ how you are managing your practice time. 8．He was crying ___ in pain on the ground when the ambulance arrived. 9．I had hardly got to the office _____ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 10．By 16：30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. on about out when 答案 which 课堂效果检测(一) 78 Ⅲ.选词填空 1．He talked ____ he knew all about it. 2．__________ there was someone knocking on the door. 3．Heavy debts made him _______ a sea of worries. 4．He drove off _______________ Larry's shop. 5．Your sister passed me in her new car, driving ____________． as if All at once fall into in the direction of 答案 the moment; pick up; in the end; all at once; as if; fall into; at great speed; in the direction of; on the edge of; less than at great speed 课堂效果检测(一) 79 6．We drove to the airport the next morning to _______ Susan. 7．____________ she saw it, she blushed and hurriedly left the room. 8．The marriage had lasted for ________ two years. 9．Why are you sitting ____________ the building? It's dangerous. 10．_________ we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. pick up The moment less than on the edge of 答案 In the end 课堂效果检测(一) 80 课时语法精讲—— 定语从句之关系副词 课时语法精讲 82 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．Creating an atmosphere _____________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 2．Opposite is St Paul's Church, ____________ you can hear some lovely music. 3．It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 4．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ___________ he should be able to be independent. 5．The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. where/in which where/in which which when/at which which/that 课时语法精讲 83 6．I don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ____________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 7．I am looking forward to the day _____________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 8．I had told them the reason, ________ I didn't attend the meeting. 9．He got into a situation ______ it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. when/in which when/on which for which where 课时语法精讲 84 一、关系副词引导定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有 where, when, why。 1．关系副词where (1)where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如 place, room, house, spot, school, country等)，在从句中作地点状语。 They went into the hall where the meeting was being held. 他们走进正在开会的大厅。 语法讲座 课时语法精讲 85 (2)where可以引导非限制性定语从句。 Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. 伽利略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。 (3)关系副词 where有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。 The office where (at which) he works is not far from here. 他工作的办公室离这里不远。 Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen. 日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。 课时语法精讲 86 (4)在定语从句中，当先行词为相对抽象的地点名词如case, point, situation, degree等，并且在从句中作状语时，需要用关系副词where。 I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已经到了人生中必须自己做决定的阶段了。 课时语法精讲 87 where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时， where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词， where前面没有表示地点的名词。 He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句) 他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。 When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句) 读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。 课时语法精讲 88 2．关系副词when (1)when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, week, month, year等)，在从句中作时间状语。 He came at a time when I least expected him. 他在我最意料不到的时候来了。 I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father. 我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。 (2)when可以引导非限制性定语从句。 In the old days, when I was a little boy, the city had no industry to speak of. 在过去，当我还是个小男孩的时候，这个城市没有工业可言。 课时语法精讲 89 (3)关系副词when有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。 I still remember the day when (on which) I joined the Youth League. 我仍然记得加入共青团的那一天。 3．关系副词why (1)why引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示原因的词(如 reason, explanation, excuse等)，在从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why she burst into tears? 你知道她突然大哭的原因吗？ 课时语法精讲 90 This is the explanation why he changed the plan. 这是他改变计划的解释。 (2)关系副词why有时可用“介词for＋关系代词”代替。 The reason why (for which) he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard. 他这次成功通过考试的原因是他学习非常努力。 课时语法精讲 91 4．关系代词和关系副词的选择 当先行词是表示时间的time, day等或表示地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，应用关系代词that或which；如果缺少时间状语或地点状语，应用关系副词when或 where。 His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.(which/that在从句中作主语) 他父亲在一家生产无线电零件的工厂里工作。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.(where在从句中作地点状语) 我十年前住的房子已经被推倒了。 课时语法精讲 92 单句语法填空 ①Which is the road ____ leads to the village ______ you were born? ②Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __________________ local 5­star hotels charged 6，000 yuan for one night. ③The reason _____________ he didn't come was that he was ill. ④We went through a period _________________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. ⑤It's helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently. ⑥The reason ________ he explained is not true. that where when/during which why/for which when/during which where that/which 课时语法精讲 93 二、“介词＋which/whom”结构 1．“介词＋which/whom”结构的用法 (1)“介词＋which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where, why。 They are collecting information in preparation for the day on which (＝when) the two sides sit down and talk. 他们正在收集情报，为双方坐下来谈判的那一天做准备。 (2)“介词(短语)＋which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。 There is a big window in my room through which I can see the railway station. 我的房间有一个大窗户，通过它我可以看到火车站。 课时语法精讲 94 (3)“不定代词或数词或名词＋of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语。 There are 40 students in our class, 27 of whom are boys. 我们班有40名学生，其中27名是男生。 I read some books, the covers of which are yellow with years. 我读过一些书，它们的封面因为年代久远都变黄了。 (4)“介词＋which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。 The man by whom the little boy was beaten was arrested this morning. 今天上午打小男孩的那个人被逮捕了。 课时语法精讲 95 2．关系代词前介词的选择 可以依据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选用介词，也可以依据从句的相关动词来选用。 The train on which I'm travelling is for Shanghai. 我乘坐的火车是去上海的。(on the train “在火车上”) In the dark street, there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb for help “向某人求助”) 课时语法精讲 96 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(表示物)和whom(表示人)，其他的关系代词都不可用在此结构中。 课时语法精讲 97 单句语法填空 ①This is the book ____ which I paid 5 yuan. ②This is the book ______ which Tom often talks. ③This is the book _____ which I learnt a lot. ④I remember the day ___ which I won the competition. ⑤I remember the days ______ which I lived here. ⑥I remember the month ___ which I stayed there. for about from on during in 课时语法精讲 98 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．This is the place _____________ John was born. 2．The high building in front of _____ stand four policemen is the police station. 3．My mother will give Mary a model plane __________ she will like to play. 4．The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 5．There are times ______ I wonder why I do this job. where/in which which with which when 答案 when 课堂效果检测(二) 100 6．The days ______________ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. 7．A pen friend of mine __________ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins. 8．Don’t forget the day _____________ you were admitted to Peking University. 9．Perhaps this is the only shop _____________ you can get such cheap goods. 10．I can still remember the place ______ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. which/that/不填 from whom when/on which where/in which 答案 where 课堂效果检测(二) 101 11．She wondered whether he had someone ________ he could talk freely. 12．That is the hotel _____________ we stayed last year. 13．This is the reason ____________ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school. 14．The reason ______________ the girl explained made the teacher angry. 15．We will discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. to whom where/at which why/for which that/which/不填 答案 where 课堂效果检测(二) 102 Ⅱ.单句表达 1．这位老兵忘不了他参军的那一天。 The old soldier won't forget the day _____________________________． 2．我不信任他的原因是他总是说谎。 The reason __________________________ is that he often tells lies. 3．如今，人们更加关心他们的生活环境。 Nowadays, people are more concerned about the environment _____________． when/on which he joined the army why/for which I don't trust him where they live 答案 课堂效果检测(二) 103 4．下周日我要去看看我出生的地方。 Next Sunday I will go to visit the place _______________． 5．这张照片让我想起了我们一起在农场度过的那段日子。 The photo reminded me of the days __________________________． 6．最终，他到达了一座与外面世界完全隔绝的荒岛。 Finally, he reached a lonely island ____________________________ from the outside world. where I was born which/that we spent on the farm which/that was completely cut off 答案 课堂效果检测(二) 104 7．他在会上解释的那些原因不能够让其他人都支持他。 The reasons ________________________________ can't make others stand by him. 8．当我到的时候，布莱恩带我去看了我要住的房子。 When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ___________________________． 9．我们已经到了需要改变的时候了。 We have reached a point _____________________． 10．他过去住的那所房子已经变成了一座图书馆。 The house _________________________ has turned into a library. which/that he explained at the meeting where/at which I would be staying 答案 where a change is needed where/in which he used to live 课堂效果检测(二) 105 课后课时作业（一） 较易题(占比60%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比0%) Ⅰ　完形填空 I shall never forget the day when the earthquake happened. It was about 5 o'clock in the afternoon and I was __1__ along the road to my daughter's school. Our plan was to go __2__ together. I stopped at a __3__ to get some fresh fruit. We'd like an apple after swimming. I was driving along a high __4__ on my way to the school. __5__ my road 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ A B C D 难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ 课后课时作业（一） 107 was another road which was built like a __6__. Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to __7__ from side to side. I slowed down. Then my car started to shake! Perhaps something had __8__ wrong with my car? I drove a little more slowly and then I __9__ the car and at the same moment the road __10__ onto the cars in front of me. I found myself in the __11__. I couldn't move. My legs and feet were hurt badly and I couldn't move them. For about two hours nobody came. Then I heard people __12__ towards me. A team of people had come to __13__ if anyone was under the __14__ road. I called out, “I'm here！” I heard a shout. Soon a stranger climbed to my car. “How are you __15__？” he asked. “Not too bad，” I said. They didn't get me out until the next morning. 课后课时作业（一） 108 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了地震发生后，立交桥塌了，砸到了“我”的车，“我”被困在车中，后来在人们的援救下，“我”于次日上午脱险的事情。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 109 1．(　　)A.driving B．leading C．walking D．running 2．(　　)A.shopping B．dancing C．swimming D．sightseeing 3．(　　)A.farm B．shop C．park D．school 解析：根据下文“I was driving along a ...”可知，“我”在开车。 解析：根据下文“We'd like an apple after swimming.”可知，此处是指去游泳。 解析：根据下文“to get some fresh fruit”可知，是去了商店。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 110 4．(　　)A.road B．bridge C．school D．side 5．(　　)A.Under B．Along C．Over D．Beside 解析：根据上文中的“I was driving along”可知，此处是指“我”正沿着公路(high road)开车。 解析：根据下文可知发生了地震，立交桥塌了，砸到了“我”的车。由此可知，“我”开车走的路的上面是另外一条路。over “在……上面”。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 111 6．(　　)A.bridge B．roof C．cover D．top 7．(　　)A.move B．roll C．run D．jump 8．(　　)A.been B．broken C．gone D．done 解析：此处是指“我”头上是另外一条像桥(bridge)一样的路。 解析：当地震发生时，地面在晃动，地面上的东西应是来回移动。move “移动”。 解析： go wrong “发生故障，出毛病”。go是系动词，与形容词构成系表结构。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 112 9．(　　)A.parked B．started C．moved D．stopped 10．(　　)A.put B．ran C．fell D．jumped 解析： park表示在停车场或某个地方泊车，而此处是指把车停下来，应用stop。 解析：路倒塌(fall)砸到了“我”面前的车上。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 113 11．(　　)A.dark B．afternoon C．evening D．car 12．(　　)A.climbing B．shouting C．moving D．driving 13．(　　)A.know B．tell C．understand D．see 解析：路倒塌后，“我”被埋在了车里，四周一片黑暗(dark)。 解析：根据下文“a stranger climbed to my car”可知，此处指有人爬向“我”。 解析：一群救援人员来看(see)在倒塌的路下是否有人。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 114 14．(　　)A.falling B．broken C．breaking D．dirty 15．(　　)A.sleeping B．feeling C．eating D．going 解析：此处是指一群救援人员来看是否有人被压在破损的路下面。broken表示“破损的”。 解析： How are you feeling? “你感觉如何？”为固定表达。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 115 Ⅱ　阅读 A With Memorial Day and summer right around the corner, you're bound to feel a serious case of wanderlust coming on. Whether you want to travel the world or just squeeze in a weekend getaway to your nearest National Park, camping is always the answer. Whatever you've got in mind, we've rounded up a selection of the world's most beautiful camping spots to get you started. 课后课时作业（一） 116 ◆Yosemite National Park, California Ninety­five percent of Yosemite National Park is set apart for wilderness, which means no cars, no buildings, and no electricity. Sleep under the stars and hike up to Glacier Point for a view of Yosemite Valley, Half Dome, and Yosemite Falls. Make sure you store your food properly though—black bears are common! ◆Boya Lake Provincial Park, Canada Boya Lake Provincial Park, known for the color and clarity of its lake, is a great place to enjoy any type of water recreation. The lake is also one of the few in the north that's warm enough for swimming. The area was carved out by glaciers, leaving many islands and lakes behind for modern campers to explore on the park's hiking trails. 课后课时作业（一） 117 ◆Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica Corcovado National Park is home to five percent of the world's biodiversity—National Geographic described it as the most “geographically intense” place in the world. Camping is a great option for a visit to Costa Rica: you'll be at the heart of the rainforest away from the country's touristy resorts. 课后课时作业（一） 118 ◆Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya If you've always dreamed of safaris (野外观兽旅行), Maasai Mara is the place to go. The ideal time to visit this large game reserve is between July and October, when you can witness the annual migration of Thomson's gazelle, zebra, and wildebeest to and from the neighbouring Serengeti, in Tanzania. Camp on the banks of the Mara River and hang out with the local Maasai people, well­known for their distinctive customs and dress. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章为即将到来的假期向大家推荐了世界上四个最美的野营地点。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 119 1．In which camping spot may you enjoy the grand view of waterfalls？(　　) A．Yosemite National Park. B．Corcovado National Park. C．Boya Lake Provincial Park. D．Maasai Mara National Reserve. 解析：细节理解题。根据Yosemite National Park, California部分的第二句可知，可以在Yosemite(约塞米蒂)国家公园欣赏瀑布的壮丽景观。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 120 2．Who can be interested in camping in Corcovado National Park？(　　) A．Swimming lovers. B．Star observers. C．Animal researchers. D．Biology students. 解析：推理判断题。根据Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica部分的第一句可推知，生物学学生对去Corcovado(科尔科瓦多)国家公园野营感兴趣。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 121 3．What will you do in Maasai Mara National Reserve？(　　) A．Migrate with wild animals. B．Pay a visit to Tanzania. C．Make contacts with locals. D．Camp in the Mara River. 解析：细节理解题。根据Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya部分的最后一句可知，在Maasai Mara (马赛马拉)国家保护区可以接触当地人。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 122 B Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn't new at all—in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years. 课后课时作业（一） 123 The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier's ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”． Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures. 课后课时作业（一） 124 Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”． 课后课时作业（一） 125 While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long­term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect—still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化及其对地球造成的影响的探索。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 126 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？(　　) A．The atmosphere. B．The greenhouse effect. C．The climate change. D．The heat from the sun. 解析：指代判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“Fourier concluded that ... glass lid”可推知，it应指代atmosphere。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 127 5．When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming？(　　) A．In 1903. B．In 1950. C．200 years ago. D．By the end of 1950s. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，到20世纪50年代末，美国科学家们对气候变暖的长期后果发出警报，由此可推知，科学家此时发现了全球变暖的危害。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 128 6．What's the author's attitude towards Arrhenius' wish？(　　) A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Opposed. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句谈及Arrhenius (阿列纽斯)对气候变暖的观点，并对照最后一段最后一句中的“still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for”可推知，作者对瑞典化学家Arrhenius的观点持反对意见。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 129 7．What's the main idea of the text？(　　) A．Causes of climate change. B．Effects of greenhouse gases. C．Explorations on climate change. D．Findings about global warming. 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 130 C This little South American penguin swims 5，000 miles to a beach in Brazil every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it's true! 71­year­old retired fisherman Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Riode Janeiro, Brazil, found the small penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao saved the penguin, naming it Dindim, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao tried to release the penguin back into the wild. “He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared，” Joao recalled. 课后课时作业（一） 131 The little guy wasn't gone long though and just a few months later, he was back at the same beach. He saw Joao fishing and followed him home, staying with him for the rest of that year. Amazingly, each year Dindim spends about eight months with Joao and is believed to spend the rest of the time breeding (繁殖) on the Patagonia coasts. It's thought that Dindim swims up to 5，000 miles to return to Joao. “I love the penguin like it's my own child and I believe the penguin loves me，” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.” 课后课时作业（一） 132 Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman, told The Independent, “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.” When he sees him, he wags his tail like a dog. It's lucky for Joao and Dindim, because it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets. Krajewski said, “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this so they can send the animals back into the wild. But in this single case the authorities (当局) allowed Dindim to stay with Joao because of his kindness.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了南美洲企鹅Dindim每年都要游5，000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人Joao (若昂)团聚的故事。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 133 8．Every year Dindim swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to _____．(　　) A．avoid being killed B．meet his rescuer C．find a place to have babies D．find much more fish 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This little South American penguin ... who saved its life.”可知，小企鹅Dindim每年游5，000英里到巴西的一个海滩，就是为了和救命恩人重聚。故选B。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 134 9．When Dindim was found in 2011, ________．(　　) A．he was dying B．he was running on the beach C．he was resting on a rock D．he was cleaning oil off his feathers 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“found the small penguin ... running out of time fast (2011年，在当地海滩发现这只小企鹅躺在岩石上。企鹅身上沾满了油，快要死去了)”可知，Dindim在2011年被发现时，已经奄奄一息了。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 135 10．What makes Professor Krajewski surprised？(　　) A．Dindim's love toward Joao. B．Joao keeps staying with Dindim. C．Dindim's swimming performance. D．Joao considers Dindim his own child. 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Professor Krajewski, a biologist ... probably a penguin as well.’(Krajewski(克拉耶夫斯基)教授是一位采访过这位渔民的生物学家，他告诉《独立报》说：‘我以前从未见过这样的事情。我想这只企鹅认为Joao是它的家人，可能也是一只企鹅。’)”可推知，Dindim对Joao的爱让Krajewski感到吃惊。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 136 11．What can we learn about Joao from the passage？(　　) A．He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities. B．He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others. C．His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals. D．His kindness wins the penguin's trust. 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I love the penguin like ... allows me to feed him.”可知，Joao爱这只企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，他相信这只企鹅也爱他。由此可推知，Joao的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 137 D While elephants born without tusks (长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country's civil war ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory. 课后课时作业（一） 138 Poole says before the country's 15­year­long civil war, the 100，000­acre park was home to over 4，000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to help finance weapons (武器) and meat to feed the soldiers. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the park's tuskless elephant population has grown greatly. 课后课时作业（一） 139 This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambia's South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory. 课后课时作业（一） 140 The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受生存环境及偷猎行为的影响，有些非洲大象出生时就没有长牙，这势必会影响该物种的繁衍，目前一些国家已经开展拯救措施。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（一） 141 12．What is the probable cause of the unnatural evolution of the elephants mentioned in Paragraph 1？(　　) A．Illegal hunting. B．Constant farming. C．A pure coincidence. D．Natural evolution. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The researcher thinks we may be ... for valuable ivory.”可知，研究人员认为，由于非法猎杀大象以获取有价值的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 142 13．Why did people kill so many elephants during the civil war in Mozambique？(　　) A．To get funds by selling ivory. B．To develop new weapons. C．To provide food for local people. D．To make ivory products. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“by the time the conflict ... to feed the soldiers”可知，在莫桑比克内战期间，大约90%的象被杀是为了通过出售象牙来获取资金以帮助资助武器和为士兵提供肉食。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 143 14．Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants？(　　) A．Gorongosa National Park. B．South Luangwa National Park. C．The Ruaha National Park. D．Lupande Game Management Area. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2008 study published ... illegal hunting for ivory.”可知，坦桑尼亚的鲁阿哈国家公园有关于没有象牙的大象的最早记录。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 144 15．What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to？(　　) A．Elephants facing greater danger. B．Elephants growing more slowly. C．Fewer female elephants staying alive. D．More female elephants being tuskless. 解析：指代判断题。根据画线部分前文“scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females”可知，科学家们还不确定改变无牙母象率较高的这种情况需要多长时间。由此可知，the trend指代“无牙母象率较高”这种情况。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（一） 145 课后课时作业（二） 较易题(占比50%)　中档题(占比25%)　拔高题(占比25%) Ⅰ　阅读 Hiking England DAY 1: ST BEES TO ENNERDALE BRIDGE Our journey sets out early this morning with a Coast to Coast tradition, approaching the Irish Sea. Then set off along the rocks of St Bees Head. Turning inland, we'll pause for a typical pub lunch on our way to Ennerdale Bridge, located at the foot of the Lake District mountains. (15 miles hiking, 8 hours) 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 难度 ★★ ★ ★ ★★★ 课后课时作业（二） 147 Accommodations: Ennerdale Country House Hotel DAY 2: ENNERDALE BRIDGE TO HONISTER Today we'll walk into the impressive Lake District National Park, where glass­like lakes reflect mountains that rise from their shores. Our pleasant walk covers the southern edge of Ennerdale Water and the park's most western lake. After lunch near the Black Sail Hut, climb a 2，000­foot mountain and take in the beautiful views of lakes and pastures (牧场). We finish in Borrowdale, a short transfer (转乘) from our hotel. (13 miles hiking, 9 hours) 课后课时作业（二） 148 Accommodations: Inn on the Lake DAY 3: GRASMERE TO GLENRIDDING Take a short drive to Grasmere, where the great poet William Wordsworth wrote some of his most well­known works. Visit the poet's home, and walk through the village where he found inspiration. Then climb over Grisedale Hause enjoying views of Helvellyn, England's third­highest mountaintop. Hike down the valley toward Lake Ullswater and spend the night in Glenridding. (9 miles hiking, 5 hours) 课后课时作业（二） 149 Accommodations: Glenridding Lake Hotel DAY 4: LAKE ULLSWATER TO BAMPTON The day begins with a scenic journey on Lake Ullswater to Howtown. From here, we cross a historic Roman road on our way to Bampton. A short transfer takes us to our hotel in the typical English village of Ravenstonedale. (12 miles hiking, 7 hours) Accommodations: The Black Swan 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了由海岸向内陆为期四天的徒步英格兰行程。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（二） 150 1．When do travelers walk the longest distance？(　　) A．On Day 1. B．On Day 2. C．On Day 3. D．On Day 4. 解析：细节理解题。根据行程可知，第一天至第四天的徒步行程分别是15英里、13英里、9英里和12英里，故游客在第一天的徒步距离最长。故选A。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 151 2．Where is William Wordsworth's home？(　　) A．At Grisedale Hause. B．At Helvellyn. C．At Grasmere. D．At Glenridding. 解析：细节理解题。根据DAY 3行程介绍中的第一、二句可知，Grasmere (格拉斯米尔)是英国伟大诗人William Wordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯)的故乡。故选C。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 152 3．What is special about Ravenstonedale？(　　) A．It offers travelers a nice pub lunch. B．It presents beautiful views of pastures. C．It has England's third­highest mountaintop. D．It is an example of traditional English villages. 解析：细节理解题。根据DAY 4部分中的第一段最后一句可知，Ravenstonedale (雷文斯通代尔)是一个典型的英式乡村。故选D。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 153 Ⅱ　七选五 Children's Games in Ancient China Unlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn't have smart phones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves. 1(____). Let's take a look. Kicking stone balls During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet. 课后课时作业（二） 154 Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. 2(____). For example，the swallow­shaped kite is a well­known Beijing style. Playing hide­and­seek Hide­and­seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many children like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to tease him. 3(____)． 课后课时作业（二） 155 4(____) The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists manipulate puppets behind the screen, narrating stories and accompanied by music. Setting off firecrackers Firecrackers have a history of more than 2，000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China. 5(____). After gunpowder was invented, it gradually replaced the bamboo joint cracker. Crackers are still set off during the Spring Festival to symbolize auspiciousness (吉祥)． 课后课时作业（二） 156 A．Watching shadow plays B．Making a film C．Each of them has distinctive features D．Different materials are used to make the kite E．And to scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make them blast F．More commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them G．Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代孩子们玩的一些游戏。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（二） 157 1．答案：G 解析：前一句说明古代的孩子们没有智能手机、苹果平板电脑或计算机来娱乐自己，所以此处应该是讲他们在孩童时期玩有趣的游戏，故选G。 答案 解析 2．答案：C 解析：此处起承上启下的作用。根据上文所讲，现在最有名的三种风筝是北京风筝、天津风筝和潍坊风筝，并结合下文说明燕子形状的风筝是一种有名的北京风格的风筝可知，这三种风筝都各有特色，故选C。 课后课时作业（二） 158 3．答案：F 解析：根据上文的“There are two ways to play. One way is ... tease him.”可知，此处应是玩捉迷藏的另外一种方式，故选F。 答案 解析 4．答案：A 解析：此处是本段的小标题，根据小标题下方的内容可知，本段讲述的是观看皮影戏，故选A。 课后课时作业（二） 159 5．答案：E 解析：设空处前一句讲明中国古代有一只叫“年”的怪兽，因此设空处应是说明人们如何驱赶这只怪兽，故选E。 答案 解析 课后课时作业（二） 160 Ⅲ　语法填空 The first Edinburgh International Festival ____1____ (hold) 71 years ago. Its first big success came in the following year ____2____ an adaptation of The Thrie Estaites was performed. From then on, the Festival has ____3____ (gradual) grown to become one of the most popular arts festivals in the world. As the founders of the Festival believed, the Festival programs have enriched the ____4____ (culture) life of Britain and even Europe. The Festival focuses on the fields of music, art, dance and theatre. ____5____ (bring) together the best artists from around the world, the Festival has earned ____6____ good reputation, which has done much to draw the visitors' attention to the various shows that take place all over the city. 课后课时作业（二） 161 Each year during the summer ____7____ (month), Edinburgh becomes the world's Festival City. It is the huge range of artistic events, performances and exhibitions ____8____ makes Edinburgh unforgettable. It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are missing and ____9____ any given night of the Festival, you can choose ____10____ (watch) “The Girl on the Sofa”， a play by Joan Fosse, and the opera Parsifal, among many other options. 课后课时作业（二） 162 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Edinburgh (爱丁堡)国际艺术节的一些信息以及人们每年庆祝时的盛况。 篇章导读 课后课时作业（二） 163 1．答案：was held 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据71 years ago可知，本句用一般过去时，又因为主语与动词hold是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数概念，be动词用was。 答案 解析 2．答案：when 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the following year，且在从句中作时间状语，应用when。 课后课时作业（二） 164 3．答案：gradually 解析：考查词性转换。因为设空处后面是动词grown，应用副词gradually来修饰。 答案 解析 4．答案：cultural 解析：考查词性转换。设空处后面是名词life，故此处应用形容词来修饰后面的life，表示“文化生活”。 课后课时作业（二） 165 5．答案：Bringing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作方式状语，又因为动词bring与其逻辑主语the Festival之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。 答案 解析 6．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且good的发音以辅音音素开头，earn a good reputation “赢得好声誉”是固定搭配。 课后课时作业（二） 166 7．答案：months 解析：考查名词。根据常识可知，夏季一般有三个月，故此处应用名词month的复数。 答案 解析 8．答案：that 解析：考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为“It is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，此处强调“the huge ... and exhibitions”，应用that。 课后课时作业（二） 167 9．答案：on 解析：考查介词。此处指的是“在艺术节的任何一个晚上”，应用on，表示具体的某一个晚上。 答案 解析 10．答案：to watch 解析：考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth表示“选择做某事”，是固定用法。 课后课时作业（二） 168 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He'd hiked the park near his home many times. But after walking along a new path last April, the 45­year­old man was lost. As the day was near dusk, his concern turned to fear after several hours of aimless wandering (游荡). The area was a wildfield. With no flashlight, only some water and a bar of chocolate in his backpack, and less than ten percent battery remaining on his cell phone, Compean was unprepared for anything except the two­hour hike he'd planned. 课后课时作业（二） 169 Compean climbed to a place, about 7，000 feet above sea level, where he found at least one bar of signal (信号). “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost，” he texted a friend, adding a photo showing where he was. The photo showed his dirty legs hanging over large rocks and plants. All Compean could do then was wait and hope. The temperature was dropping fast and the winds were blowing. Dressed only in a T­shirt, shorts, and a jacket, the hiker felt extremely cold. He hugged himself into a tight ball, using his backpack to shelter his legs from the cold winds. But he wouldn't sleep. After finding two mountain lions and a bear, he spent the night suffering from stress, keeping a big stick and some sharp rocks beside him to stop an animal to come close. 课后课时作业（二） 170 Sixty miles away in Ventura County, Ben Kuo, was a lover of satellite maps which could help exactly locate things or persons in some areas. He was working at home when he read a twitter online from the Sheriff's Department, showing a photo of a man's legs. The Sheriff's search­and­rescue teams had spent a night looking for Compean. Unsuccessfully, they posted the photo to the public, hoping someone might know the location. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 课后课时作业（二） 171 Ben's unusual hobby helped find where Compean was.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ The rescue workers got there as soon as possible.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 课后课时作业（二） 172 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。45岁的Compean (康普恩)在国家公园迷路了，手机快没电了，而且又冷。他给朋友发了一条求救短信和一张照片后，等待着救援。喜欢卫星地图的Ben (本)利用自己的爱好帮助警察找到了Compean。 Ben是怎么做到的？Compean能成功脱险吗？ 写前导读 课后课时作业（二） 173 [精彩范文] Ben's unusual hobby helped find where Compean was. He had always loved looking for where photos were taken and always tried to identify where movie scenes or television shows were filmed by using a satellite map. When he saw the photo in which Compean's legs were surrounded by an endless landscape of rocks and plants, he quickly pulled up a satellite map on his computer. With the help of the Sheriff's Department, he fixed the nearby area. The location matched! The rescue workers got there as soon as possible. A rescue helicopter was in the air above Compean. After spending more than 24 hours alone in the wilderness, he was finally pulled safely into the helicopter. Days later, Compean couldn’t wait to meet Ben. “Maybe we’ll go on a hike，” Compean joked. Getting serious, he told Ben, “I can’t be too grateful to you for saving my life. What a lucky dog I am！” 答案 课后课时作业（二） 174 R $$