Unit 5 Section I Reading and Thinking(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking

教材助读9

 

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential<1> part of your body and is its largest organ<2>．Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins<3>， and the sun's rays<4>．①It also helps  control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing<5> too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch<6>.②As you can imagine, ③getting burnt<7> can lead to<8> very serious injuries.The first  and most important step in the treatment of burns is ④giving first aid<9>.

①本句是一个复合句，在句中helps，prevents，warns和gives是and连接的四个并列谓语。when things are too hot or cold是when引导的时间状语从句，修饰动词warns。

②关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在句中作宾语。

③getting burnt是动名词短语，在句中作主语。

④动名词短语giving first aid 在句中作表语。

CAUSES OF BURNS

You can get burnt by a variety of<10> things：hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation<11>， the sun, electricity, acids<12>， or other chemicals<13>．

TYPES OF BURNS

Burns are divided into<14> three types, ⑤depending on the depth<15> of skin damage.

⑤现在分词短语在句中作状语。

•First-degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres<16> of the skin.These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns ⑥caused by other minor<17> household incidents<18>.

 ⑥过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。

•Second-degree burns　These go below the top layer<19> of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids<20>．

•Third-degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks<21>， burning clothes, or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe<22> internal injuries and the victim<23> must go to the hospital at once.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS

First-degree burns

·dry, red, and mildly swollen<24>

·mildly painful

·turn white ⑦when pressed

⑦when pressed是状语从句的省略，补充完整为：when it is pressed，it指代皮肤skin。

Second-degree burns

·red and swollen；blisters<25>；watery<26> surface

·extremely painful

Third-degree burns

·black and white

·swollen；the tissue underneath<27> can often be seen

·little or no pain ⑧if nerves<28> are damaged；may be painful around  the edges of<29> the burn

⑧if nerves are damaged是if引导的条件状语从句。

FIRST-AID TREATMENT

1　Place burns under cool running water, ⑨especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process<30> and reduces<31>the pain and swelling.

⑨此处是介词短语作状语，especially 表示进一步强调。

2　Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.

3　⑩Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric<32> sticking to<33> the burnt skin.

⑩本句为主从复合句，主句中现在分词短语using scissors作方式状语。if necessary可看作状语从句if(it is)necessary的省略，unless引导条件状语从句。

4　Cover the burnt area with a loose<34> clean cloth.⑪Applying<35> oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

⑪本句是一个复合句，主句是主系表结构，applying oil to the injured areas是动名词短语作主语。as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection是原因状语从句。

5　If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.

6　⑫If the victim is suffering from<36> second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent<37> need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

 ⑫If引导条件状语从句；there is an urgent need to do sth是固定句型，表示“有必要做某事”。