Unit 5 Section I Reading and Thinking(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读9 FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential<1> part of your body and is its largest organ<2>．Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins<3>， and the sun's rays<4>．①It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing<5> too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch<6>.②As you can imagine, ③getting burnt<7> can lead to<8> very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is ④giving first aid<9>. ①本句是一个复合句，在句中helps，prevents，warns和gives是and连接的四个并列谓语。when things are too hot or cold是when引导的时间状语从句，修饰动词warns。 ②关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在句中作宾语。 ③getting burnt是动名词短语，在句中作主语。 ④动名词短语giving first aid 在句中作表语。 CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of<10> things：hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation<11>， the sun, electricity, acids<12>， or other chemicals<13>． TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into<14> three types, ⑤depending on the depth<15> of skin damage. ⑤现在分词短语在句中作状语。 •First-degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres<16> of the skin.These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns ⑥caused by other minor<17> household incidents<18>. ⑥过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。 •Second-degree burns　These go below the top layer<19> of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids<20>． •Third-degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks<21>， burning clothes, or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe<22> internal injuries and the victim<23> must go to the hospital at once. CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns ·dry, red, and mildly swollen<24> ·mildly painful ·turn white ⑦when pressed ⑦when pressed是状语从句的省略，补充完整为：when it is pressed，it指代皮肤skin。 Second-degree burns ·red and swollen；blisters<25>；watery<26> surface ·extremely painful Third-degree burns ·black and white ·swollen；the tissue underneath<27> can often be seen ·little or no pain ⑧if nerves<28> are damaged；may be painful around the edges of<29> the burn ⑧if nerves are damaged是if引导的条件状语从句。 FIRST-AID TREATMENT 1　Place burns under cool running water, ⑨especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process<30> and reduces<31>the pain and swelling. ⑨此处是介词短语作状语，especially 表示进一步强调。 2　Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3　⑩Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric<32> sticking to<33> the burnt skin. ⑩本句为主从复合句，主句中现在分词短语using scissors作方式状语。if necessary可看作状语从句if(it is)necessary的省略，unless引导条件状语从句。 4　Cover the burnt area with a loose<34> clean cloth.⑪Applying<35> oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. ⑪本句是一个复合句，主句是主系表结构，applying oil to the injured areas是动名词短语作主语。as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection是原因状语从句。 5　If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 6　⑫If the victim is suffering from<36> second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent<37> need to take him/her to the hospital at once. ⑫If引导条件状语从句；there is an urgent need to do sth是固定句型，表示“有必要做某事”。 <1>essential adj.基本的；必不可少的 <2>organ/ˈɔːgən/n.(人或动植物的)器官 <3>toxin/ˈtɒksIn/n.毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) <4>ray/reI/n.光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 <5>prevent…from doing sth 阻止……做某事 同义短语：stop/keep…from doing sth <6>sense of touch触觉 <7>get burnt被晒伤，烧伤 <8>lead to导致，造成；通向 <9>give first aid实施急救 同义短语：perform first aid <10>a variety of各种各样的(＝varieties of) <11>radiation/ˌreIdiˈeIʃn/n. 辐射；放射线 <12>acid/ˈæsId/n.酸 adj.酸的；酸性的 <13>chemical n．化学制品，化学药品 adj.化学的 <14>be divided into被分成…… <15>depth n．深度 at a depth of在……的深处 <16>millimetre /ˈmIliˌmiːtə(r)/n.毫米；千分之一米 <17>minor/ˈmaInə(r)/ adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 反义词：major adj.重要的，主要的 <18>incident n．事件，事变；插曲 <19>layer /ˈleIə(r); ˈleə(r)/n. 层；表层；层次 <20>liquid n．液体 <21>electric shock触电；电击 electric/IˈlektrIk/adj.电的；用电的；电动的 <22>severe adj.严重的；严厉的；艰难的；苛刻的 severely adv.严重地；严厉地；艰难地；苛刻地 <23>victim/ˈvIktIm/n.受害者；患者 <24>swollen/ˈswəʊlən/ adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 swell/swel/vi.(swelled，swollen)膨胀；肿胀 <25>blister/ˈblIstə(r)/n.(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 <26>watery adj.水的；似水的；含水的；水分很多的 <27>underneath /ˌʌndəˈniːθ/prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面 <28>nerve/nɜːv/n.神经 nervous adj.神经质的；焦虑的 <29>the edges of………的边缘 <30>process n．过程 in the process of 在……的过程中 <31>reduce vt.减少；蒸发；节食 reduce…to减少到 reduce…by减少了 be reduced to沦为 <32>fabric/ˈfæbrIk/n.织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 <33>stick to粘在……上 <34>loose/luːs/adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 loosely adv.宽松地 loosen vt.放松，松开 <35>apply vt.& vi.申请；涂，敷；应用 apply…to…把……涂到……(to是介词) apply to适用于 <36>suffer from遭受 <37>urgent/ˈɜːdʒənt/adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 urgency n．紧急；紧急的事 烧伤急救 皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还能帮助控制你的体温，防止身体流失过多水分，在外物过热或过冷时提醒你，并且让你有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。 烧伤的原因 你可能会被各种各样的东西灼伤：滚烫的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射、阳光、电、酸液或其他化学物品。 烧伤的类型 根据皮肤受损的深度，烧伤可以被分为三类。 ·一度烧伤：烧伤只损伤皮肤的最表层几毫米。它们并不严重。例如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。 ·二度烧伤：烧伤会影响到皮肤的最表层以下，比较严重，需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由滚烫的液体引起的烫伤。 ·三度烧伤：烧伤影响到皮肤的每层组织，有时会包括皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都会造成非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即去往医院。 烧伤的特性 一度烧伤 ·干燥、发红、轻度水肿 ·微痛 ·按压时变白 二度烧伤 ·红肿、起水疱、表层渗液 ·极其疼痛 三度烧伤 ·皮肤苍白、焦黑 ·水肿，通常可看到皮下组织 ·若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，可能在伤口边缘有痛感 急救处理 1　将伤口置于流动的凉水下，尤其是受伤后十分钟内。凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程和减轻疼痛和水肿。 2　用洁净的布料轻轻地把烧伤区域弄干。 3　必要时用剪刀剪掉衣物，除非你看到衣物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 4　用一块干净且透气的布包扎烧伤部位。不要把油涂在受伤部位，因为它不利于散热，并可能导致感染。 5　如果烧伤部位在面部，确认伤者仍然能够呼吸。 6　如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即将其送往医院。 Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What's the main idea of the passage? A．It's about the types of burns. B．It's about the symptoms of burns. C．It's about the burns and the first-aid treatment. D．It's about the treatment of burns. 答案　C Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match each part with its main idea. Para.1　　　 A．The three types of burns Para.2　　 B．First-aid treatment Para.3　　 C．The functions of the skin Para.4　　 D．The characteristics of burns Para.5　　　 E．How we get burnt 答案　Paras.1～5　CEADB Read the text (P50～51), then choose the best answer. 1．What are the characteristics of first-degree burns? A．Black and white and charred. B．Rough, red and swollen. C．Rough, red and dry. D．Dry, red and mildly swollen. 答案　D 2．If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, what should the victim do? A．He/She should be sent to hospital at once. B．He/She should be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately. C．He/She should be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandage. D．He/She should be asked not to drink any water. 答案　A 3．Why should the burns be placed under cool running water? A．Because if not, the person will cry. B．Because cool water will prevent the burning process and reduce the pain and swelling. C．Because the burns are on the face. D．Because it will make the person feel good. 答案　B 4．What can we know about the first-aid treatments according to the passage? A．Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn. B．If burns are on the face, take him to the hospital at once. C．Don't apply oil to the injured areas. D．If the injuries are second-degree burns, it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 答案　C Ⅰ.解决长难句 1. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea， 　　　　　　↓ 　　　动名词作　主语　 as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may 　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　原因状语　从句 cause infection. [尝试翻译]　 不要把油涂在受伤部位，因为它不利于散热，并可能导致感染。 2. If the victim is suffering from second or 　　　　　　↓ 　　　　条件状语　从句 third-degree burns, there is an urgent need 　　　　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　　　　　　 主句 to take him/her to the hospital at once. 　　　　　　↓ 动词不定式作　(后置)定语　 [尝试翻译]　 如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即将其送往医院。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ, 1. acts as a barrier against disease, toxins and the sun's rays.Its functions are very complex：it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it 2. (give) you your sense of touch.But when your skin gets burnt, it can be very serious.So it is very important 3. (know) first aid for burns. You can get burnt by a 4. (various) of things：hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation and so on.Burns 5. (divide) into three types—first, second or third-degree burns, 6. (depend) on which layers of the skin are burnt.Different burns have different 7. (characteristic)．When giving first aid, you can remove the clothes using scissors if necessary unless you see the fabric sticking to the burn.Place burns 8. (immediate) under cool running water.Cover the burnt area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher 9. the heart.If the injuries are second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take 10. victim to the hospital at once. 1．答案　which　 解析　考查引导词。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词skin，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用which。 2．答案　gives　 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。所填词是谓语动词，主语是it，所以应用第三人称单数形式；时态为一般现在时，故填gives。 3．答案　to know　 解析　考查非谓语动词。It is important to do sth做某事很重要。 4．答案　variety　 解析　考查词性转换。根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应填名词。a variety of各种各样的。 5．答案　are divided 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。所填词作谓语，与主语Burns构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填are divided。 6．答案　depending　 解析　考查非谓语动词。所填词作状语，depend与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。 7．答案　characteristics　 解析　考查名词的数。characteristic是可数名词，前有different修饰，故用复数形式。 8．答案　immediately　 解析　考查词性转换。所填词作状语修饰动词Place，应用副词形式。 9．答案　than　 解析　考查比较等级。此处表示比心脏位置更高，用“比较级＋than”的形式。 10．答案　the　 解析　考查冠词。此处特指烧伤的患者，所以victim前应用定冠词。 1 (教材P50)It also helps control your body temperature…and gives you your sense of touch. 它还能帮助控制你的体温……并且让你有触觉。 sense of touch　触觉 ①sense of smell/taste/sight嗅觉/味觉/视觉 a sense of direction/humour/responsibility/accomplishment/achievement方向感/幽默感/责任感/成就感 a sense of belonging 归属感 ②make sense 有意义，讲得通 make sense of 理解 ③in a sense 从某种意义上说 There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。 ①(2022·全国甲)The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。 ②(2024·全国甲)Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. 猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。 [习作练笔]——用含sense的词块补全句子 (1)(2022·新课标Ⅰ)Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement (兴奋感), wondering what camping fun and adventure we will experience next. (2)(2021·全国甲)Children need a sense of belonging (归属感)． (3)(2024·1月浙江续写)This newfound skill not only helped the girl navigate her school but also instilled in her a sense of confidence (信心) and adventure. (4)如果我们不把我们学到的东西应用到我们的工作和生活中，那是没有意义的。 It makes no sense if we don't apply what we've learned to our work and life. (5)所以我亲爱的朋友，现在大可不必对此感到沮丧。你应该保持乐观。 So my dear friend, there's no sense in getting upset about it now .You are supposed to stay optimistic. 2 (教材P50)Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 例如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的烧伤。 minor　adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 v．辅修 n．辅修课程 ①minor injury　　　 轻伤 minor subject 副科 ②minor in 辅修 ③minority n．少数；少数民族 in the minority 占少数 ④majority n．大多数 (以文助写)It's the minor deeds we do today that have a deep impact on this planet.正是我们今天所做的小事对这个星球产生了深远的影响。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Though our school makes it clear that phones are not allowed, a minority (minor) of students tend to ignore it. (2)The minority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)为了实现我学习和研究计算机科学的梦想，我辅修计算机科学。 To realize my dream of studying and researching computer science, I minor in computer science. (4)在护理工作中，女性占大多数，但是在高层医务工作中，女性只占少数。 Women are in the majority in the nursing; but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in the minority . 3 (教材P51)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.必要时用剪刀剪掉衣物，除非你看到衣物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 句型：if省略结构 句中if necessary是if it is necessary的省略；if省略结构的惯用表达： if so　　　 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样的话 if ever 如果曾经有过的话 if any 如果真有的话；即使有(任何)…… if possible 如果可能的话 If necessary, I'll turn to you for help. 必要时我将向你求助。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)你可以来北京度假。如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。 You can come to Beijing for a holiday. If so , I'll show you around the Summer Palace. (2)如果有错误，请改正。 Please correct the mistakes if any . (3)如果可能的话，你最好骑自行车或者坐公共汽车去上班，这有利于我们的环境。 If possible , you'd better go to work by bike or by bus, which is beneficial to our environment. 句型：unless引导条件状语从句 ①连词unless引导条件状语从句时，意为“除非……；如果不……；除了……”，多用于引导一个否定意义的条件句，可与if…not互换。 ②如果主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时；如果强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句可用现在完成时。 ③若主从句主语一致，且从句中含有动词be，则可以省略从句主语和be动词。 (2021·6月浙江)Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor.除非我必须出城，否则每周我都会带母亲去购物和看病。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (4)Unless the weather gets (get) better, I will stay at home. (5)Quite frankly, I won't go to the party unless invited (invite)． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (6)如果你不快点就会错过班车。 You will miss the bus unless you hurry up . 4 (教材P51)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即将其送往医院。 句型：there is a need to do sth有必要做某事 ①There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事。 There is no denying that…不可否认…… There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…… ②There happen(s) to be…碰巧有…… There seem(s) to be…好像有…… There may/might/must be… 可能/肯定有…… There is no need to bother yourself about small things because they can only waste your time and energy.没有必要为小事而烦恼，因为它们只会浪费你的时间和精力。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)There is an urgent need to finish (finish) this project by tomorrow. (2)There's no denying that the new scientific breakthrough is of great significance to the area's economy. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)毫无疑问，保护好文化遗产是我们的责任。 There is no doubt that it is our duty to protect cultural relics. (4)今年来访的游客似乎更少了。 There seems to be fewer tourists around this year. urgent　adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 ①in urgent need of急需…… It is urgent to do sth.做某事是紧迫的。 It is urgent that…(should) do sth.立即…… ②urgevt.推进；驱策；催促；力劝； 极力主张；强烈要求 urge sb to do/into doing sth催促某人做某事 urge that…(should) do sth敦促……；极力主张…… ③urgencyn.紧急；迫切 a sense of urgency紧迫感 ④urgentlyadv.紧急地 (以文助写)Besides, students designed different kinds of posters that showed the beauty of oceans and the urgent need of protecting oceans. 此外，学生们设计了各种海报，展示了海洋的美丽和保护海洋的迫切需要。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (5)It is urgent that food and clothes (should) be sent (send) to the sufferers in the area. (6)I received a letter from Mary, urging me to get (get) in touch. (7)We should keep calm in the face of urgency (urgent)． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (8)该城市空气污染这一严重问题急需解决。 It is urgent that the acute problem of air pollution in the city (should) be solved . (9)我非常希望你们都好好学习，有报效国家的雄心。 I strongly urge that all of you (should) study hard and have ambition to serve your nation. 5 (教材P51)Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.在烧伤处涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和减轻不适。 ease　vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在 ①ease sb of sth　减轻/消除某人的(痛苦、负担等) ②with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 feel at ease 感到心情放松 put sb at ease 使某人放松 She is the kind of person who can always put others at ease. 她是那种总能让他人感到轻松自在的人。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)When Mr Lee heard this urgent news, he couldn't feel at ease. (2)We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。 When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease . (4)我通过告诉他做什么使他减轻了困惑。 I eased him of his confusion by telling him what to do. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$