Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语和状语的区别 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子，并体会它们的语法特征。 1．(教材P38)For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting (excite)． 2．(教材P38)Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing (see) the sights. 3．(教材P38)The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased (please) to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. 4．(教材P38)The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing (pass) through the Canadian Rockies. 5．(教材P38) Seen (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 6．(教材P38) Looking (look) at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 7．(教材P39)However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed (amaze)． Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 (1)句1是现在分词作 表语 , 句3、7是过去分词作 表语 。 (2)句2、4、6是现在分词短语作 状语 ，句5是过去分词短语作 状语 。 一、过去分词(短语)作表语 (一)过去分词(短语)作表语的用法 过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态或心理感受，相当于形容词作用。 ►He felt disappointed after his request was refused.他的请求被拒绝后，他感到很失望。 ►The door remained unlocked when I went back home.我回家时门仍然未锁。 ►His mother got very annoyed because he couldn't finish his work on time. 他的母亲很生气，因为他没能按时完成工作。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1)The manager is quite satisfied (satisfy) with him because he is an optimistic man with many strengths. (2)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop. (3)They asked me so many questions that I got confused (confuse) and didn't know how to answer them. (4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)I felt blessed (bless) to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter. (5)What the man said was embarrassing and I was totally embarrassed .(embarrass) (二)过去分词(短语)作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态或特征，后面不接by短语，但可以接其他的介词；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作，后面常接by短语。 ►My grandfather was delighted to hear I passed my exams.(系表结构) 我的祖父听到我通过考试感到很高兴。 ►The new tissues and organs are used to cure diseases by doctors.(被动语态) 新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。 [即时训练2]——判断句中黑体部分属于哪种结构 A．系表结构　　　 B．被动语态 (1)We are interested in collecting stamps, raising birds and fishing. A (2)More than 200 people were trapped in the building by the big fire. B (3)I'm a bit puzzled that I haven't heard from Tom for so long. A (4)We were greatly moved by what Zhang Lili had done. B (三)感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。 ►We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上的讲话感到很惊讶。 ►His words are discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，让很多人感到灰心丧气。 [提示] 常用的这类词有： 　　　　　　　 [即时训练3]——用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)We were disappointed at the result of the experiment, because it was a bit too disappointing .(disappoint) (2)The news was exciting and the kids were all excited at it.(excite) (3)We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage) (4)The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move) 二、过去分词(短语)作状语 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的类型 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1．作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句。可加连词when, while, until等转换成时间状语从句。 ►Put into use in March, 2025(＝When it is put into use in March, 2025), the hotline will be meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 这条热线将于2025年3月投入使用，旨在为市民提供水和暖气供应中断报告服务。 ►Faced with difficulties(＝When we are faced with difficulties), we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须努力克服它们。 2．作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句。可转换为because, as或since等引导的从句，常放在句首。 ►Encouraged(＝Because/As/Since she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.因为被老师鼓励了，这个女孩感到很开心。 3．作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 ►Given more time(＝If we were given more time), we could do it much better. 要是多给我们点时间的话，我们会做得更好。 4．作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether…or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 ►Exhausted by the running(＝Though/Although they were exhausted by the running), they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，但他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 5．作方式、伴随状语 相当于and连接的并列结构。 ►The president of the company came to the factory, followed by some workers(＝and he was followed by some workers)． 公司总经理在几位工人的陪同下来到工厂。 [提示] 值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于); dressed in(穿着); tired of(厌烦)。 ►Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。 ►Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice his classmates had gone home.他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到同学们已经回家了。 (二)过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 ►(2021·新课标Ⅰ)Founded 10 years ago, Youth has been enjoying great popularity among students.(时间状语)成立于10年前的Youth一直很受学生们的欢迎。 ►The elderly man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语) 老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 [即时训练4]——用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)When asked (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2) Used (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. [即时训练5]——同义句转换 (1)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. → If/When it is seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. (2)Given another chance, he will do better. → If he is given another chance, he will do better. (3)Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. → Although/Though he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study. (4)Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. →　Because/As/Since the teacher was satisfied with　 what he did, the teacher praised him in class. (三)过去分词的独立主格结构作状语 过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前面加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的结构被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。过去分词的独立主格结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。 ►Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 很多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。 [即时训练6]——用独立主格结构作状语改写句子 (1)After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed. → The lecture given , a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2)The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries. →The factory produced many famous cars, none of them shipped to foreign countries . (3)Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy. → Extra money given to the poor , he felt very happy. (四)过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 [助记] 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 ►Asked why he was late, he cried.(动宾关系) 当被问到为什么迟到时，他哭了。 ►Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.(主谓关系) 我朝窗外望去，看见一些学生正在那边玩耍。 [提示] 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(√) [即时训练7]——用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. (2)Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank. (3) Using (use) the book, I find it useful. Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．When I entered his room, he was buried (bury) in his books. 2．He was discouraged (discourage) when he heard his mother's words. 3．The cart got stuck (stick) in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. 4． Beaten (beat) by the opposite team, we didn't lose heart. 5． Driven (drive) by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently. 6．She remained standing (stand) though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 7．When the fire happened, he was frightened (frighten) and his mind was confused (confuse)． 8． Reading (read) carefully, he found something he hadn't known before. 9．The tips given in this book are useful and motivating (motivate)． 10．The teacher entered the classroom, followed (follow) by a group of students. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。 Bathed in the sunshine , we jumped and cheered with joy. 2．由于别人给安迪提供了一部新电影里的重要角色，他有机会出名了。 Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. 3．看着这些小雕像，我们都十分兴奋。 Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited . 4．科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。 Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature. 5．看完信后，他看起来很忧虑。 He looked worried after reading the letter. Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 1． Built (build) to honour the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo, the memorial stone in white marble at the back of King's College, the University of Cambridge, is now an attraction.2. Moving (move) to the UK in 1921, Zhimo spent a year studying at King's, 3. attracted (attract) by the romantic poetry of English poets like John Keats as well as Cambridge itself. His poem, Second Farewell to Cambridge, 4. considered (consider) to be his most famous one, is now a compulsory text on Chinese literature, 5. learnt (learn) by millions of school children across our country every year.The poem vividly paints a portrait of King's and the River Cam, 6. serving (serve) as a reminder of Xu Zhimo's fondness for his time in Cambridge. While the poem had been set to music many times before, the English composer John Rutter, one of the mainstream classical musicians, 7. was invited (invite) by King's College 8. to make (make) the first musical setting of the text.The new piece, 9. written (write) and 10. recorded (record) in celebration of the near 100-year link between King's College and Xu Zhimo, has been released on a new album on the King's College Record Label. (教材P40)The visitors were admiring the antique dating back to the 17th century. 游客们正在欣赏这件源于17世纪的古董。 date back to　追溯到……；始于…… date from　　　 追溯到；始于 up to date 时髦的；最新的 out of date 过时的 [提示] ①date from与date back to 都用主动语态，不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用v.-ing形式作定语、补语和状语等。②谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但date from和date back to却用一般现在时。 (以文助写)Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago. 中国茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Chinese dumplings or Jiaozi is a kind of traditional Chinese food, which dates (date) back to approximately 1,800 years ago. (2)According to the expert, the vase has a long history dating (date) from the early Tang Dynasty. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我掌握了关于这类事的最新信息，因为我经常收听新闻。 I'm very up to date on this sort of thing because I often listen to the news. (4)想一想近些年医学知识更新得有多快。 Think how rapidly medical knowledge has gone out of date in recent years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$