Unit 3 Section I Reading and Thinking(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读5 <1>cuisine/kwIˈziːn/n．菜肴；风味；烹饪 <2>put more simply简单地说，简而言之类似的表达还有to put it simply。 <3>relate…to涉及，有关 <4>refer to指；涉及；提及 <5>certainly(＝surely)副词作状语，修饰后面句子的内容 <6>in many ways在许多方面 <7>in point相关的；恰当的；中肯的 <8>prior/ˈpraIə(r)/adj．先前的；优先的 prior to在……之前的(to是介词) <9>consist/kənˈsIst/of 由……组成(或构成) <10>pepper/ˈpepə(r)/n．甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉 <11>recipe/ˈresəpi/n．烹饪法；食谱 <12>on the other hand另一方面 on the one hand…on the other(hand)一方面……另一方面 <13>bold/bəʊld/adj．大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 <14>be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 <15>have a chance to do sth有机会做某事(不定式作定语) <16>recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推荐…… <17>chef/ʃef/n．厨师；主厨 <18>fill…with…用……装满…… <19>peppercorn/ˈpepəkɔːn/n．胡椒粒 <20>vinegar/ˈvInIgə(r)/n．醋 <21>observe v．看到；注意到；观察到 <22>traditional adj．传统的；习俗的；惯例的 <23>make dumplings包饺子 <24>stuff/stʌf/vt．填满；把……塞进 n．东西；物品 stuff…with…用……填满…… <25>slice/slaIs/n．(切下的食物)薄片 vt．把……切成薄片 slice…off切下 <26>onion/ˈʌnjən/n．洋葱；葱头 CULTURE AND CUISINE<1> The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, ①“Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are．” Put more simply<2>， this means ②“You are what you eat．”Most people today relate this saying to<3> healthy eating．However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to<4> our personality, character, and culture． ①本句是“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(常用一般将来时)”结构，and表示“顺承的结果”，or表示“否则”。 ②You are what you eat．人如其食。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作eat的宾语。 Certainly<5>， in many ways<6> this seems to be true．Chinese cuisine is a case in point<7>．Prior<8> to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, ③with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes．For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, ④which consists of<9> fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers<10>．This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe<11>， however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese．On the other hand<12>， it does tell us a lot about Americans．It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold<13>， simple flavours．And, ⑤since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try<14> new foods． ③本句作状语。that引导定语从句，修饰Chinese food，定语从句用了过去完成时的被动语态，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的被动动作。 ④此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰General Tso's chicken。其中，过去分词fried作定语修饰chicken，另外过去分词短语covered in…和flavoured with…均作定语，也修饰chicken。 ⑤此处是since引导的原因状语从句，since表示“因为，由于”。 Later, I had a chance to experience<15> authentic Chinese food by coming to China．When my family and I ⑥had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing．A Sichuan restaurant ⑦had been recommended to us<16> by a friend, and finally, we found it．⑧Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef<17> just began filling our table with<18> the best food ⑨we had ever eaten．With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns<19>．The food was wonderful and different, but ⑩what was even more important was the friendship offered us． ⑥此处是过去完成时，先于主句动作went发生，表示过去的过去发生的动作。 ⑦此处是过去完成时，表示先于found发生的动作。 ⑧形容词短语和现在分词短语作原因状语。 ⑨定语从句we had ever eaten，修饰food。 ⑩what was even more important是主语从句，what在从句中作主语。分词短语offered us作定语，修饰the friendship。 We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China．My favourite dish there was boiled ⑪dumplings served with vinegar<20>．I observed<21> that family is important to the people there．It has become a favourite traditional<22> dish of the people in North China, ⑫where making dumplings<23> has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help．Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is ⑬pancake rolls stuffed<24> with sliced<25> Chinese green onions<26>． 文化与美食 法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚－萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你吃什么，我就会告诉你你是什么样的人。”简而言之，意思是“人如其食”。现在大多数人把这句话和健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚－萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、性格和文化。 当然，在很多方面这似乎是正确的。中国菜就是一个很好的例子。在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一经验是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它的主料为涂有甜酱的炸鸡，再佐以红辣椒。然而这可能不是一个真正的中国食谱，所以它不能告诉我们关于中国人的很多信息。另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。例如，它告诉我们，美国人喜欢大胆、简单的口味。而且，由于这道菜也是最近才发明的，它告诉我们美国人并不害怕尝试新食物。 后来，我有机会通过来到中国来体验正宗的中国菜。当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候，我们在北京寻找一个吃饭的好地方。一个朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆，我们终于找到了。感到又累又饿，而且一句中文也不会，我们不知道如何点餐，所以厨师就给我们上了一桌子我们吃过的最好的食物。这样，我们很高兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川花椒。食物很美味而且与众不同，但更重要的是我们之间的友谊。 我们很快就到了华北东部的山东省。我最喜欢的菜是水饺蘸醋。我注意到家庭对那里的人很重要。它已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴，在那里包饺子一直是每个人的家务，从最年轻的到最年长的，都参与进来帮忙。后来我才知道，山东最有名的菜是煎饼卷大葱。 <27> as a result 结果(副词短语) as a result of……的结果(介词短语) <28>over/on an open fire在篝火上 <29>such as例如 <30>lamb kebab/kIˈbæb/烤羊肉串 lamb/læm/n．羊羔肉；羔羊 <31>on在此与动词连用表示“继续”。 <32>elegant/ˈelIgənt/adj．精美的；讲究的；文雅的 <33>dim sum/ˌdIm ˈsʌm/n．点心(中国食品) <34>serving n．一份食物 <35>exceptional/Ikˈsepʃənl/adj．特别的；罕见的 <36>varied adj．各种各样的；形形色色的；不相同的 <37>minimum/ˈmInIməm/adj．最低(限度)的；最小的 n．最小值；最少量 at a minimum至少 <38>consume/kənˈsjuːm/vt．吃；喝；饮；消耗 consumer n．消费者；顾客；用户 <39>tend to (do) 倾向于，易于 <40>temper/ˈtempə(r)/n．脾气；火气 a violent/short/quick temper烈性子/急性子/火性子 lose one's temper发脾气 <41>hand in hand 手拉手 ⑪过去分词作定语，修饰dumplings。 ⑫where引导的非限制性定语从句，破折号中间的内容from the youngest to the oldest起解释说明的作用，with复合结构作状语。 ⑬stuffed with…为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰pancake rolls，其中过去分词sliced作前置定语修饰名词onions。 Then we moved to northern Xinjiang．Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian．These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses．As a result<27>， their traditional foods are ⑭what you can cook over an open fire<28>— usually ⑮boiled or roasted meat, such as<29> lamb kebab<30>． ⑭此处是what引导的表语从句。 ⑮过去分词boiled，roasted作定语，修饰meat。 Our travels then took us to South China, and then on<31> to central China．In each place ⑯we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant<32> dim sum<33>—small servings<34> of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional<35> stewed noodles in Henan．Everywhere, the food was as varied<36> as the people．However, one thing is always true：Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness． ⑯we went是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰each place。 ⑰At a minimum<37>， the kinds of food local people consume<38> tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like．Could we also say, for example, that those ⑱who like bold flavours are bold themselves？Or, that those who like spicy food tend to<39> have a hot temper<40>？Maybe．Maybe not．⑲What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand<41>， and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other． ⑰此处what分别引导3个宾语从句，并列作直接宾语。 ⑱who like bold flavours和who like spicy food均是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词those。those，he等词作先行词时，常用who代替that。 ⑲此处and连接两个并列的复合句，其中what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，if引导条件状语从句。 然后我们到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和蒙古族人。这些群体传统上骑着马在开阔的牧场漫步。因此，他们的传统食物是你可以在篝火上烹饪的食物——通常是煮熟的或烤熟的肉，如羊肉串。 然后我们去了华南，然后去了华中。在我们去的每一个地方，我们体验了美味的当地菜肴，从广东的精美的点心——一份竹筒饭到独特的河南烩面。每个地方的食物和人一样的多样化。然而，有一件事总是正确的：通过食物，各地的中国人表现出友谊和善良。 至少，当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们他们在当地种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢和不喜欢什么。比如，我们可以说，那些喜欢大胆口味的人本身就很大胆吗？或者，喜欢辛辣食物的人脾气容易暴躁？也许是。也许不是。然而，我们可以肯定地说，文化与美食是密切相连的，如果你没有体验其中的一个，你就永远无法真正地了解另一个。 Ⅰ．明主旨大意 What is the text mainly about? A．The food from all over China． B．The different parts of China the author went to． C．The relationship between food and culture． D．The excellent quality of Chinese people． 答案　C Ⅱ．绘层次结构 Match the main idea with each part． Para．1　A．The foods in America and its cultures． Para．2　B．Experiencing the foods in Beijing． Para．3　C．The foods in northern Xinjiang and the life of people there． Para．4　D．Introduce the topic by a famous quote． Para．5　E．The foods and cultures in Shandong． Para．6　F．The foods in South China and its cultures． Para．7　G．Culture and cuisine go hand in hand． 答案　Paras．1～7　DABECFG Read the text (P26～27), then choose the best answer． 1．According to the passage, what fails to be shown in the food you eat? A．Your personality．　　 B．Your figure． C．Your character． D．Your culture． 答案　B 2．Put the following places that the author had been to in time order． ①Xinjiang　②Henan　③Shandong ④Beijing　 ⑤Guangdong A．④③①⑤② B．②③⑤④① C．④②①⑤③ D．②⑤④③① 答案　A 3．What is the most famous food in Shandong? A．Boiled dumplings． B．Roasted meat． C．Stewed noodles． D．Pancake rolls． 答案　D 4．Why do people in Xinjiang prefer their food to be cooked over an open fire? A．Because they like the flavour of boiled or roasted meat． B．Because they traditionally wandered the open range on horses． C．Because that way of cooking can bring the people together． D．Because that way of cooking can show their character． 答案　B 5．What is the author's opinion about culture and cuisine? A．Cuisine has nothing to do with culture． B．The food a person eats can reflect his personality vividly． C．Culture and cuisine are closely related to each other． D．Cuisine only shows what people grow or raise in their region． 答案　C Ⅰ．解决长难句 1． Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, 　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　　　原因　状语 we had no idea how to order, so the chef just 　　　↓　　　　　　　　　　　↓ 　第一个分句　　　　　　　第二个分句 began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten． 　　　↓ 　　定语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 又累又饿，而且汉语一点也不会，我们压根儿不知道如何点菜，于是厨师在我们的桌子上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。 2． The food was wonderful and different, but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　↓ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　连词 what was even more important was the friendship 　　 　　　↓ 　　　　　主语　从句 offered us． ↓ 　后置定　语 [尝试翻译]　 食物是美味的、不同的，但更重要的是给我们的友谊。 3． It has become a favourite traditional dish ↓　　↓　　　　　　↓ 主语 谓语　　　　　宾语 of the people in North China, (where making 　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　介词短语作　定语　 　　　　　　　系动词 　　　　　　　　　　↓ dumplings has always been a family affair 　　　↓　　　　　　　　　　　　↓ 动名词短语作　主语　　　 　　　　表语 with everyone—from the youngest to the 　　　　　　↓ 　　　with复合结构作定语，修饰affair oldest—joining in to help)．→where引导非限制性定语从句 [尝试翻译]　 饺子已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴，在那里包饺子一直是一项家庭活动，从孩子到老人，大家都会加入进来帮忙。 Ⅱ．课文语法填空 Before I came to China, the Chinese food I 1． (have) in America was changed to suit American tastes．Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food in China． When my family and I had just arrived in Beijing, we went to a Sichuan restaurant, 2． had been recommended to us by a friend．There, we had the pleasure of experiencing an 3． (entire) new taste：Sichuan peppercorns．We soon went to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China．My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings 4． (serve) with vinegar．I found 5． (make) dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone．Besides, another kind of food impressed me a lot, named pancake rolls stuffed 6． sliced Chinese green onions．Then we went to northern Xinjiang, where we tasted the 7． (tradition) foods—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab．Then our travels took 8． (we) to South China, and then on to central China．Everywhere we went, we experienced wonderful local 9． (dish)．Though the food was as varied as the people, Chinese people showed friendship and 10． (kind) in each place． 1．答案　had ha 解析　考查时态。根据句中的时间状语从句Before I came to China可知，空处所表示的动作发生在came之前，因此用过去完成时。 2．答案　which　 解析　考查引导词。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a Sichuan restaurant；从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。 3．答案　entirely　 解析　考查词性转换。用副词作状语修饰形容词new。 4．答案　serve 解析　考查非谓语动词。动词serve与boiled dumplings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。 5．答案　making　 解析　考查非谓语动词。所填词作主语，因此用v．-ing形式。 6．答案　with　 解析　考查介词。stuff…with…用……填满……。此处为过去分词短语作后置定语。 7．答案　traditional　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰foods，应用形容词。 8．答案　us　 解析　考查代词。空处作took的宾语，故填we的宾格形式us。 9．答案　dishes　 解析　考查名词的数。根据上文可知，作者去了中国的很多地方，所以吃的地方菜不止一样，dish意为“一道菜，菜肴”时，是可数名词，故填dishes。 10．答案　kindness　 解析　考查词性转换。根据and前面的friendship可知，空处应填名词，表示“和蔼，善良”，为不可数名词，故填kindness。 (教材P26)Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are． 告诉我你吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。 句型：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构 ①祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If…＋主句 ②祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If…not…＋主句 ③名词词组＋and＋陈述句 Wait for a moment and you will find something interesting．等一下，你会发现有趣之处。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Follow your doctor's advice, and you will get (get) better soon． (2)A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem． (3)Hurry up, or you will be late for class． [习作练笔]——一句多译 (4)给我一个机会，我会给你更多的回报。 ① Give me a chance , and I will reward you with more． ② If you give me a chance , I will reward you with more． (教材P26)Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes．在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一体验是在美国，中国菜已经做了改变，以适应美国人的口味。 prior　adj．先前的；优先的 ①prior to(to为介词)在……之前的；居先 previous to在……之前的 ②priorityn．优先事项，最重要的事， 首要事情；优先权 give priority to优先考虑；给予……优先权 [联想]senior to比……年长的，junior to比……年轻的，superior to比……好的。 They had to refuse the dinner invitation because of a prior engagement． 他们因有约在先，只好谢绝了宴会的邀请。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2021·北京改编)Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going (go) to bed． (2)(2022·6月天津改编)Then give high priority (prior) to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)她看起来很年轻。事实上，她比我大三岁。 She looks very young．Actually, she is three years senior to me ． (4)所有的安排都应该在他们出发之前完成。 All the arrangements should have been completed prior to their departure ． (教材P26)For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers． 例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它的主料为涂有甜酱的炸鸡，再佐以红辣椒。 consist of　由……组成(或构成) ①consist in主要在于，存在于 consist with和……一致； 并存； 相符 ②consistentadj．一致的；连续的 be consistent with与……一致 [联想] be made up of/be composed of由……组成 Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times． 生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Personally, the beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colors． (2)Actions must be consistent (consist) with words． [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)这支医疗队由五名医生和十名护士组成。 ①This medical team consists of five doctors and ten nurses． ②This medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses． ③Five doctors and ten nurses make up this medical team． [提示] 由consist组成的短语consist of/in/with虽然都具有及物性，但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。 (教材P26)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten． 又累又饿，而且一句汉语也不会，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。 句型：形容词(短语)作状语 ①形容词(短语)作状语，说明谓语动作发生时主语所处的状态或特征。 ②形容词(短语)作状语，在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 To our relief, the missing boy returned home ten days later, exhausted but healthy． 使我们欣慰的是，失踪的男孩10天后回到了家，筋疲力尽但很健康。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)With all the math exercises finished, he went home, relaxed (relax)． (2)Hearing the news, Ms Elizabeth stood there, shocked (shock) and frightened (frighten)． [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)她完成了工作，很疲劳。 ①She finished the work and she was tired out ． ②She finished the work, tired out ．(形容词短语作状语) [提示] 形容词作状语时，其前不加being。 (教材P27)At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like． 至少，当地人食用的食物种类告诉我们，他们在当地种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢和不喜欢什么。 minimum　n．最小值；最少量 adj．最低(限度)的； 最小的 ①at a minimum至少，处于最小限度 at the minimum of以最低的…… keep/reduce…to a minimum把……保持在/减少到最小值 ②maximumadj．最大(限度)的；最大的 n．最大值；最大量 (2021·1月浙江)Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay． 食品杂货店尽量在结账处配备足够的员工，让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He reduced his needs to the minimum by simplifying his life． [习作练笔]——补全句子 (2)当我们睡觉时，呼吸频率是最低的，因为人睡着时对氧气的需求量很小。 When we are asleep, the rate of breathing is at a minimum because the need for oxygen is then very small． consume　vt．吃；喝；饮；消耗；烧毁 consumer n．消费者；顾客 consumption n．消费；消耗 (2022·北京)My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this：I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me． 我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空/猜测词义 (3)(2022·全国乙改编)Some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers (consume)． (4)He has to cut down on the consumption (consume) of meat for lack of money． (5)[熟词生义] The five-star hotel was quickly consumed by fire． 烧毁 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (6)在那些日子里，他又冷又饿。 During those days, he was consumed by cold and hunger． (7)这是玛丽第一次吃这种烤制小点心。 It is the first time that Mary has consumed such kind of baking cookies．(consume) (教材P27)What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand…然而，我们可以肯定地说，文化与美食是密切相连的…… go hand in hand 密切相关，齐头并进 hand in hand 手拉手； 联合 by hand 用手，手工的 on the other hand 另一方面 on hand 在手头；现有；到场 As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand． 俗话说，成功与失败总是如影随形的。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)毫无疑问，贫困和健康不良之间有连带关系。 There is no doubt that poverty and poor health often go hand in hand ． (2)我们用手掰下玉米，把它喂给猪和牛吃。 We picked the corn by hand and fed it to the pigs and the cows． (3)一方面，这种露营很有趣；另一方面，这也很有挑战性。 On the one hand, this camping is interesting; on the other hand , it's challenging． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$