Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language 教材助读6 HEALTHY EATING There is much debate nowadays as to<1> ①what makes up<2> a healthy diet.For example, scientists have insisted<3> for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food.However, ②there is increasing evidence that the real driver<4> of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.Heart disease is the number one killer<5> of Americans.And in America, people ③who receive 25% of their daily calories<6> or more through sugar are twice as likely to<7> die from<8> heart disease than people ③who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association<9>， 2014).This is true regardless of<10> how healthy the rest of their diet might be.④Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. ①本句是what引导的宾语从句，同时what在从句中作主语。 ②that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；as it is是一种语言衔接结构，意为“事实上，实际情况是”，多用来陈述一种原因或状况，尤其是该原因或状况与你的预期或期待存在不同时。 ③who引导定语从句，分别修饰前面的先行词people。 ④此处主句为we already know…，主句中that引导宾语从句；while引导状语从句，从句中whether引导宾语从句。 Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks.The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone<11>．⑤The American Heart Association recommends<12> that we limit ourselves to<13> less than 100～150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.In other words<14>， if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on<15> desserts, and cut out<16> sweet drinks altogether. ⑤recommend后引导宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气(should＋do，should可省略)；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词100～150 calories。在定语从句中又包含what引导的宾语从句。 Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories<17> of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, ⑥which are full of vitamins<18> and fibre<19>， rather than<20> processed foods.Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities<21> of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.Besides<22> this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy<23> products in your diet, ⑦as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.As with<24> everything in life, moderation<25> is key.The ideal<26> diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing. ⑥本句是非限制性定语从句，修饰fresh foods。 ⑦本句是as引导的原因状语从句。 Finally, a fundamental<27> key to<28> healthy eating is ⑧to eat slowly.It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full.⑨What this means is that people who chew<29> too quickly end up<30> eating too much food because they still feel hungry.Eating slowly also allows your body to<31> digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more.In addition<32>， studies show that consistent<33> eating habits, for example<34>， ⑩taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health.It is also better to eat a modest<35> amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next. ⑧不定式短语to eat slowly在句中作表语。 ⑨此处为主从复合句。what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，从句中who引导定语从句，because引导原因状语从句。 ⑩此处是动名词短语作例子说明前面的主语eating habits。 There is no one trick<36> to healthy eating.Rather<37>， healthy eating starts with<38> having a healthy attitude towards<39> food.One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat？” If you are using food mostly<40> for nutrition, then you are on the right track<41> with your diet.However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health.⑪It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet. ⑪It is up to you to decide…是固定句式“It is up to sb to do sth(由某人决定做某事)”。and连接两个不定式短语to decide…和to make…。 <1>as to至于，关于(＝as for) <2>make up组成，构成 <3>insist坚持说(后跟的宾语从句用陈述语气)；坚决要求(后跟的宾语从句用虚拟语气) <4>driver n．驱动因素 <5>killer n．杀手，导致死亡的人(或动物、事物) <6>calorie/ˈkæləri/ n．卡路里(热量单位) <7>be likely to do sth 很可能做某事 <8>die from 死于 <9>association/əˌsəʊʃi ˈeIʃn/n.协会；关联 <10>regardless/rIˈgɑːdləs/ adv.不顾；不加理会 regardless of不管；不顾 <11>alone adj.唯一，仅仅，只有(常放在名词或代词后面用来加强语气) <12>recommend vt.推荐，建议 recommend doing sth 建议做某事 recommend that sb (should)do…建议某人做…… <13>limit…to… 把……限制在……，局限于…… <14>in other words换句话说 <15>cut down on削减，缩小 <16>cut out停止做；删去，删除；裁剪 <17>category/ˈkætəgəri/n.类别；种类 <18>vitamin/ˈvitəmIn； NAmE ˈvaIt-/n.维生素 <19>fibre(especially US fiber)/ˈfaIbə(r)/n.纤维；纤维制品 <20>rather than而不是 <21>quantity/ˈkwɒntəti/n.数量；数额 large quantities of大量的(后接可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数) <22>besides prep.除……之外还有 adv.而且 <23>dairy/ˈdeəri/ adj. 奶制的；乳品(业)的 n．乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂 <24>as with 正如； 与……一样；就……来说 <25>moderation /ˌmɒdəˈreIʃn/n.适度； 合理；温和，中庸 <26>ideal/aIˈdiːəl/adj.完美的；理想的；想象的 n．理想；完美的人(或事物) <27>fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/adj.根本的；基础的；基本的 n．基本规律；根本法则 <28>a key to……的关键 <29>chew/tʃuː/vi.&vt.咀嚼；嚼碎 n．咀嚼 <30>end up doing结果是做…… <31>allow sb to do允许某人做…… <32>in addition而且，加之(＝besides) <33>consistent/kənˈsIstənt/adj.一致的；连续的 be consistent with 与……一致 <34>for example 例如(＝for instance) <35>modest/ˈmɒdIst/adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的 a modest amount of少量…… <36>trick/trIk/n.诀窍；计谋；把戏 one trick to一个……的诀窍 <37>rather恰恰相反；而是 or rather 更确切些；更准确地说 <38>start with (从……)开始 <39>have a healthy attitude towards 对……有健康的态度 <40>mostly adv.多半，通常 <41>be on the right track思路或行为方式正确 be on the wrong track 思路或行为方式错误 健康饮食 现在关于健康饮食的构成有很多争论。例如，科学家多年来一直坚持认为，健康的一大敌人是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康状况不佳的真正原因不是脂肪含量高的食物，而是糖。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，糖类占每日摄入卡路里的25%或以上的人死于心脏病的概率是10%以下的人的两倍[《美国医学协会杂志》，2014年]。这是真的，不管他们的饮食其余部分有多健康。简而言之，当人们继续争论高脂肪食物是否危险时，我们已经知道糖是杀手。 这些额外的糖分大多来自糖果和含糖饮料。美国人获得的平均三分之一的糖来自于含糖饮料。美国心脏协会建议，我们每天从糖中摄取的热量应控制在100～150卡路里以内，这比一罐含糖饮料或一根棒棒糖所含的热量要少。换句话说，如果你想要健康，你必须少吃甜点，并且完全不喝含糖饮料。 除此之外，你可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，尤其是水果和蔬菜，它们富含维生素和纤维，而不是加工食品。相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖、盐分和脂肪含量更高。除此之外，在你的饮食中摄入一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也很重要，因为它们提供了强健骨骼和肌肉生长所必需的蛋白质。和生活中的一切事情一样，适度是关键。理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种东西不要吃得太多或太少。 最后，健康饮食的一个基本的要点是慢慢吃。从你开始吃东西到你的大脑告诉你的身体你已经吃饱了大约需要20分钟。这意味着咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。慢慢吃也能让你的身体更好地消化食物，让你更享受食物。此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯，例如每天在同一时间吃三顿饭，对我们的健康更有益。每次吃少量的食物也是更好的，而不是一顿饭吃很多，然后下一顿饭吃一点儿。 健康饮食没有一个诀窍。相反，健康的饮食始于对食物有一个健康的态度。你可以问自己一个问题：“我是为了生存而吃，还是为了吃而生存？”如果你吃食物主要是补充营养，那么你的饮食是正确的。然而，如果食物成为你生活的中心，你可能会走上通往不健康的道路。你要决定如何生活，并在饮食方面作出正确的决定。 Ⅰ.Read the texts on P32 and then choose the best answer. 1．According to the passage, what is the biggest killer of heart? A．Fatty food. B．Too much sugar. C．Fruit and vegetables. D．Animals' meat. 答案　B 2．What diet should we eat if we want to keep healthy? A．Sugar and fat.　　 B．Dairy products. C．A balanced diet. D．Processed foods. 答案　C 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new diet to people. B．To analyse the composition of food. C．To explain the effect of sweet on health. D．To tell readers what is a healthy diet. 答案　D 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A diary. D．A magazine. 答案　D Ⅱ.课文语法填空 There are different opinions about 1. makes up a healthy diet.Some scientists have insisted that fatty food does harm to health.2. ， more evidence has been found that the real enemy of health is sugar, which 3. (consider) as a killer. In our daily life, we get much of the extra sugar from sweets and sweet drinks.For instance, the average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone.Too much sugar is threatening our health.4. (live) a healthy life, we have to cut down on desserts and sweet drinks altogether. Apart from that, it is necessary to consume different 5. (category) of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, because they are full of vitamins and fibre.Meanwhile, 6. is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in our diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle 7. (grow)．In other words, we should have a 8. (balance) diet. Last but not the least, we should eat slowly.9. (eat) slowly also allows our body to digest our food better, and will allow us to enjoy our food more.When we chew too quickly, it results in eating too much food and gaining weight, which is harmful to health. To be on the road 10. good health, we must hold a healthy attitude towards food and develop good eating habits. 1．答案 what　 解析　考查引导词。1. makes up a healthy diet作介词about的宾语，从句中缺少主语，故用what引导宾语从句。 2．答案 However　 解析　考查副词。空前表明“一些科学家坚称高脂食物对健康有害”。空后则表明“更多的证据表明健康的真正敌人是糖”，故用表示转折关系的副词。 3．答案 is considered 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sugar。consider与sugar之间是动宾关系；再联系上下文时态可知此处应用一般现在时，主语which，指代单数，故填is considered。 4．答案 To live　 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。 5．答案 categories　 解析　考查名词的数。category意为“种类，类别”时，为可数名词，再根据其前的different可知，此处应用复数形式。 6．答案 it　 解析　考查代词。to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in our diet为真正的主语，故空处应填形式主语it。 7．答案 growth　 解析　考查词性转换。根据and可知，所填词与bones作并列成分，故用名词growth。 8．答案 balanced 解析　考查词性转换。a balanced diet表示“均衡饮食”，balanced在此作形容词，意为“均衡的”。 9．答案 Eating　 解析　考查非谓语动词。所填词在句中作主语，应用v.-ing形式，注意首字母大写，故填Eating。 10．答案 to　 解析　考查介词。on the road to在……的道路上。 1 (教材P32)And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. 在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。 句型：倍数表达法 ①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B ②A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B ③A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length…)＋of＋B ④A＋be＋倍数＋what 从句，表示“A是……的多少倍” The theme park being built is five times as large as the original one. ＝The theme park being built is four times larger than the original one. ＝The theme park being built is five times the size of the original one.正在修建的这个主题公园是原来那个的五倍大。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it's twice as expensive. (2)Much to the couple's comfort, their income is now double what it was five years ago. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)现在我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。 ①Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago. ②Now our school is twice bigger than that ten years ago. ③Now our school is three times the size of that ten years ago. 2 (教材P32)Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014 《美国医学会杂志》，2014 association　n．协会；关联；交往；联想 ①in association with与……联合/有关联 ②associatev.联想；联系；交往　n．同伴；伙伴 associate…with把……与……联系起来 associate with sb与某人交往/联系 be associated with与……有关 (2023·1月浙江)Thanks to Beijing's long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events. 由于北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The book was published in association (associate) with People's Education Press. (2)If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are likely to achieve success. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)许多严重的健康问题都与吸烟有关。 There are many serious health problems 　which/that are associated with smoking　. 3 (教材P32)This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。 regardless of　不管；不顾 ①regardless of为介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词形式，在句中作状语，还可以接what, whether引导的从句。 ②in spite of/despite 尽管，其后常接名词，不接从句。 ③as regards/with/in regard to关于；至于 Miss Zhang treats the children equally, regardless of their family backgrounds.张老师对孩子一视同仁，不管他们的家庭背景如何。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1) With/In regard to gifts, in my opinion, some Chinese traditional cakes and fruits will be OK. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (2)尽管她病得厉害，但是她还是勤奋工作并在科研领域取得了成功。 In spite of/Despite her terrible illness, she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field. (3)无论我在成功的道路上遇到何种困难，我都不会放弃，并为我梦想的大学全力以赴。 Regardless of any difficulty I meet with on my way to success, I will never give up and go all out for my dream university. 4 (教材P32)While people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. 当人们继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时，我们已经知道糖是一个杀手。 句型：while引导时间状语从句 ①“当……时候；和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。 ②“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 ③“只要”，引导条件状语从句。 ④“然而，可是”，连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。 ⑤“既然”，引导原因状语从句。 [语义感知]——写出句中while的含义 (1)My brother likes football, while I prefer basketball. 然而；可是 (2)While I'm an exchange student, I have a good command of English and know about British culture. 虽然 (3)Bathed in sunshine, we sang and laughed while picking oranges. 当……时候 (4)While there is life, there is hope. 只要 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)当我们在操场上玩的时候，天开始下雨了。 It began to rain while we were playing on the playground. 5 (教材P32)In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether. 换言之，如果你想保持健康，你就必须减少甜点的摄入，并且完全不喝含糖饮料。 cut down (on) sth　减少某物 cut down　　 砍倒；削减；缩小 cut in 插嘴 cut off 剪断；切除；中断；切断(水、电等的)供 应；包围 cut out 剪下；割掉；删除；裁剪 cut up 切碎；切割 [融会练通]——用cut的相关短语填空 (1)It is bad manners to cut in while others are talking. (2)The water supply has been cut off because of the terrible earthquake. (3)It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove the skin. (4)He could also have cut out much of the repetition and thus saved many pages. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)通过注重节约用水和用电，我们为减少浪费尽了一份力。 By focusing on saving water and electricity, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste . 6 (教材P32)Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. 相比新鲜食材，加工食品通常营养成分较低，糖、盐分和脂肪含量更高。 quantity　n．数量；数额 ①a quantity of　　　　 大量的 quantities of＋ 许多的/大量的…… in quantity 大量的 ②quality n．质量 As far as I'm concerned, it is quality rather than quantity that really counts. 就我个人而言，真正重要的是质量而不是数量。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Large/Huge quantities of chemists are needed (need) in the hospital. (2)As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered (cover) the land. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我想推荐成都作为你的旅游目的地，因为成都有许多景点，例如都江堰。 I'd like to recommend Chengdu as your travel destination, because Chengdu 　has a large quantity of tourist attractions　, such as Dujiangyan. [提示] “a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 7 (教材P32)There is no one trick to healthy eating.健康饮食没有诀窍。 trick　n．诀窍；计谋；把戏　vt.欺骗，诈骗 ①play a trick/tricks on sb 捉弄某人 a trick to/of ……的窍门 ②trick sb The old lady was not the first person to be tricked out of the savings. 这位老妇人不是第一个被骗走积蓄的人。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The naughty boys would play a trick on neighbors who didn't give them any sweets on Halloween. (2)That man tricked me into lending him 200 dollars, and I have lost touch with him ever since. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)(2023·全国甲改编)这里有些成为一个有耐心的人的技巧。 Here are several tricks to becoming a patient person. 8 (教材P32)It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.你要决定你想如何生活，并在饮食方面作出正确的决定。 句型：It is up to sb to do sth.由某人决定做某事。 up to　　　 做，从事于；由……决定；能胜任(做某 事)；是某人的职责；达到 up to now 直到现在(与现在完成时连用) up to date 跟得上形势，时髦；最新的 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)到目前为止，电子商务已经影响到社会生产、生活的方方面面。 Up to now , e-business has affected all aspects of society and life. (2)你告诉我的新闻是过时的，但你认为是最新的。 The news you told me was out of date, but you thought it was up to date . (3)在我小时候，我总是热衷于阅读，有时一天读多达三本书。 I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. (4)是否接受这份礼物由你自己决定。 It's up to you to decide whether you accept the present or not. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$