Unit 1 Section I Reading and Thinking(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

英语　选择性必修　第二册 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读1 <1>cholera/ˈkɒlərə/n．霍乱 <2>used to do sth过去常常做某事 <3>severe/sIˈvIə(r)/adj．极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 severely adv．严重地；严厉地 <4>diarrhoea/ˌdaIəˈriə/n．腹泻 <5>dehydration/ˌdiːhaIˈdreIʃn/n．脱水 <6>outbreak n．爆发；突然发生 <7>hit v．攻击；进攻；袭击 <8>frustrated/frʌˈstreItId/adj．懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 frustration n．挫折 <9>in time最后；迟早 <10>rise vi．[熟词生义]变得更加成功(或重要、强大等) <11>attend to照料 <12>give birth (to)生孩子 <13>once and for all最终地；彻底地 <14>in general通常；总的说来 <15>contradictory/ˌkɒntrəˈdIktəri/adj．相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 be contradictory to与……相矛盾 contradict v．与……矛盾；反驳 <16>infection/Inˈfekʃn/n．感染；传染 <17>germ/dʒɜːm/n．微生物；细菌；病菌 <18>subscribe to 同意；赞同 subscribe/səbˈskraIb/vi．认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) <19>proof/pruːf/n．证据；证明；检验 prove v．证明；证明是 <20>consequently adv．因此，所以 <21>investigate vt．调查；研究 <22>particular adj．特定的；特别的 <23>be determined to do sth决心做某事 <24>multiple/ˈmʌltIpl/adj．数量多的；多种多样的 multiply v．繁殖；使相乘 <25>water pump水泵 pump/pʌmp/n．泵；抽水机；打气筒 <26>household/ˈhaʊshəʊld/n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 <27>suspect/səˈspekt/vt．& vi．怀疑；疑有；不信任 /ˈsʌspekt/n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 <28>blame/bleIm/ vt．把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 <29>what is more 更重要的是；而且 <30>as a result of 由于(后跟原因) as a result 结果(后跟结果) JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA<1>” Cholera used to<2> be one of the most feared diseases in the world, ①until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome．This illness causes severe<3> diarrhoea<4>， dehydration<5>， and even death．In the early 19th century, when an outbreak<6> of cholera hit<7> Europe, millions of people died from the disease．As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated<8> ②because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．In time<9>， he rose<10> to become a famous doctor, and even attended to<11> Queen Victoria when she gave birth<12>．However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all<13>． ①until引导时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome是包含在该从句中的宾语从句。 ②because引导原因状语从句，其中how to prevent or treat cholera是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。 In general<14>， doctors in those days had two contradictory<15> theories to explain ③how cholera spread．One theory was ④that bad air caused the disease．Another was that cholera was caused by an infection<16> from germs<17> in food or water．Snow subscribed to<18> the second theory．It was correct, but he still needed proof<19>．Consequently<20>， ⑤when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate<21>．He discovered that in two particular<22> streets ⑥the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days．He was determined to<23> find out why． ③how cholera spread是how引导的宾语从句。 ④that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分。 ⑤when引导时间状语从句。 ⑥so that“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places ⑦where all those who died had lived．There were multiple<24> deaths near the water pump<25> in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40)．However, some households<26>(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths．These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street．They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump．Snow suspected<27> ⑧that the water pump was to blame<28>．What is more<29>， in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street．⑨It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day． As a result of<30> this evidence, John Snow was able to announce ⑩that the pump water carried cholera germs．Accordingly<31>， he ⑪had the handle<32> of the pump removed so that it could not be used．Through this intervention<33>， the disease was stopped in its tracks． 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、 脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人因此丧生。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。 总的来说，当时的医生对霍乱的传播方式有两种相互矛盾的解释。一种理论认为，恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。另一种(理论)认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这种理论是正确的，但他仍然需要证据(来证实)。因此，当1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。 斯诺开始在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号的房子)。然而，一些家庭(如布罗德街20号和21号，剑桥街8号和9号)没有人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧里工作。他们有免费的啤酒喝，所以没有饮用水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑水泵(里的水)是罪魁祸首。更重要的是，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后死于霍乱。 <31>accordingly adv．因此；相应地 <32>handle/ˈhændl/n．把手；拉手；柄 vt．处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) <33>intervention/ˌIntəˈvenʃn/n．介入；出面；干涉 <34>infect/Inˈfekt/vt．使感染；传染 ※infectious adj．传染的 <35>link/lIŋk/n．联系；纽带 vt．把……连接起来；相关联 <36>raw/rɔː/adj．未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 raw material 原材料 <37>be likely to do sth有可能做某事 <38>pure/pjʊə(r)/adj．干净的；纯的；纯粹的 pure water纯净水 <39>tireless adj．不知疲倦的 <40>substantial/səbˈstænʃl/adj．大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 <41>decrease/ˈdiːkriːs/n． 减少；降低；减少量/dIˈkriːs/vt．&vi．(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 <42>thanks to 幸亏；由于 <43>statistic/stəˈtIstIk/n．[pl．]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 <44>transform/trænsˈfɔːm/vt．使改观；使改变形态 vi．改变；转变 <45>epidemiology/ˌepIˌdiːmiˈɒlədʒi/n．流行病学 ⑦where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places；who引导定语从句，修饰all those。 ⑧that引导宾语从句。was to blame 表示“负有责任”，不定式to blame用主动形式表示被动含义。 ⑨It seemed that…“看来……”，that引导表语从句；so…that…引导结果状语从句，从句中包含have sth done 结构。 ⑩that引导宾语从句。 ⑪此句中使用了固定结构have sth done，意为“让/请人做某事；使某事/物被……”。so that引导目的状语从句。 The truth was ⑫that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected<34> by waste．Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link<35> between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London．Some companies sold water from the River Thames ⑬that was polluted by raw<36> waste．The people ⑭who drank this water were much more likely to<37> get cholera than those ⑮who drank pure<38> or boiled water． ⑫that引导表语从句。 ⑬that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。 ⑭who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the people。 ⑮who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。 Through Snow's tireless<39> efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial<40> decrease<41>．However, cholera is still a problem．Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it．Fortunately, we now know ⑯how to prevent cholera, thanks to<42> the work of John Snow．Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics<43>， Snow transformed<44> the way ⑰scientists study diseases．For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology<45>． ⑯ “疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语。 ⑰此处为省略引导词that/in which的定语从句。 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。根据这些证据，约翰·斯诺能够宣布水泵里的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，疾病停止扩散了。 事实上，布罗德街上的水泵里的水已被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更易得霍乱。 通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售清洁水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人因此死亡。幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图(标注)和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是“现代流行病学之父”。 Ⅰ．明主旨大意 What is the text mainly about? A．The water was polluted by raw waste． B．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London． C．The source of all drinking water should be examined． D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”． 答案　D Ⅱ．绘层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph． Para．1　A．Snow's investigation． Para．2　B．The comment on Snow． Para．3　C．The introduction of cholera in the past． Para．4　D．The two theories of cholera spreading． Para．5　E．Snow's conclusion． 答案　Paras．1～5　CDAEB Read the text (P2～3), then choose the best answer． 1．What do you know about cholera in the early 19th century? A．It caused panic among people in Europe． B．It immediately made John Snow feel depressed． C．It did leave Queen Victoria sorrowful and disturbed． D．It attracted the attention of many workers． 答案　A 2．What did Snow think of the two contradictory theories? A．He thought both sounded reasonable． B．He agreed with the second theory． C．He denied both of the theories． D．He got no proof of the theories． 答案　B 3．Why did Snow suspect the water pump was to blame? A．Broad Street witnessed a lot of deaths． B．Those people working in the pub survived． C．A woman and her daughter moved away． D．It was clear that the water in the pump was polluted． 答案　B 4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? A．Cholera multiplied in the water． B．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera． C．Polluted water carried the virus． D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found． 答案　C Ⅰ．解决长难句 1． As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated 　　　↓　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　状语　　　　　　　　主　句 because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera． 　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　　原因状语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。 2． He discovered that in two particular streets the 　　 ↓　　　　　　↓ 主句　　　 　宾语　从句 cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days． 　　　　　　　　　↓ 　　　　　　　　结果状语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 3． [尝试翻译]　 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。 4． Snow began by marking on a map the exact 　↓　↓　　　　　　↓ 主语 谓语　　介词短语作　方式　状语 places where all those who died had lived． 　　　　　　　↓ where和who引导的　定语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 斯诺开始在地图上标出了那些死者曾经居住过的确切地点。 Ⅱ．课文语法填空 Cholera used to be one of 1． (frightening) diseases．In the early 19th century, when 2． outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died．But neither its cause nor its cure was understood．A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled 3． its cause was found．In general, there were two contradictory theories 4． explained how cholera spread．The first suggested that bad air caused the disease．The second was that cholera was caused by an infection from 5． (germ) in food or water．John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof．So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate．Later with all the evidence he 6． (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs．Therefore, he had the handle of the pump 7． (remove) so that it couldn't be used．Through his intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks． What's more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that 8． (pollute) by raw waste．The people who drank this water were much more likely 9． (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water．Through John Snow's efforts, the 10． (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease． 1．答案　the most frightening　 解析　考查比较等级。根据空前的one of并结合语境可知，此处表示“最令人害怕的”，用形容词最高级。 2．答案　an　 解析　考查冠词。outbreak为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且outbreak的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 3．答案　unless　 解析　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“如果不……，除非……”，故填unless。 4．答案　that/which　 解析　考查引导词。空处引导定语从句，指代先行词two contradictory theories，并在定语从句中作主语，故应用关系代词that/which。 5．答案　germs　 解析　考查名词的数。germ表示“细菌，病菌”，为可数名词，且其前没有限定词，故填germs。 6．答案　had gathered/gathere 解析　考查时态。根据主句的时态可知，此处表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时；也可看作叙述过去的事情，故也可用一般过去时。 7．答案　Remove 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处考查“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，因the handle of the pump与remove之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 8．答案　was pollute 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空前的that引导定语从句，指代先行词the River Thames，因the River Thames与pollute之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，故填was polluted。 9．答案　to get　 解析　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth可能做某事，为固定搭配。 10．答案　threat　 解析　考查词性转换。空处作主语，故用名词threat。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$