Unit 1 课时作业(1)阅读专项&课时作业(2)语言运用专项-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

课时跟踪检测答案 课时作业(一) 12.C细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知,人们通常认 为科学家大多数时间都在实验室做实验,故选C项。 I.第一节 13.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,作者是通过清除 A 海岸上的垃圾为海龟蛋的孵化创造安全环境的方式来帮助 语篇 主题语境:人与社会对社会有突出贡献的人。本 海龟的,故选B项。 导读 文为应用文,介绍了几位2023年诺员尔奖获奖者的事迹。 14.B 细节理解题。根据末段第一、二句可知,作者通过这次经 历,了解到科学并不仅仅意味着在实验室工作,故选B项。 1. C 推理判断题。根据 Pierre Agostini,Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier部分内容可知,这三位获奖者研究电子,由此 15.A 写作意图题。根据末段最后两句可推知,作者写此文的 目的是鼓励孩子们学习科学,真正了解科学,故选A项。 可推知,他们获得诺贝尔物理奖,故选C项。 II.第二节 2. A 细节理解题:根据NargesMohammadi 和Claudia Goldin 语篇 部分内容可知,他们二人的共同之处是他们都为女性发声. 主题语境:人与社会/科学精神。本文为说明文, 导读 故选A项。 主要介绍了爱因斯坦关于创造性思维的观点。 3.C 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段可知,本文介绍 1.B 顺承关系。根据上下文可知,空处顺接上文,说明爱因斯 了2023年的六位诺贝尔奖获奖者,由此可推知,这篇文章可 坦认为洞察力应来自于直觉,B项符合语境,故选B项。 能来自一份报纸,故选C项。 2.A 递进关系。空处引出了下文关于艺术和科学的区别的论 B 述。A项中的art differ from science和下文的whether something 主题语境:人与社会对社会有突出贡献的人。本 wasartor science相呼应,A项正好引出本段的主题,故选A项。 语篇 文为记叙文,讲述了Noether为数学作出的开拓性的 3. E 因果关系。E项中的worked intuitively and expressed himself 导读 贡献。 logically和空前一句相呼应,表明爱因斯坦本人凭直觉工作, 4.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,Noether获得了数 用逻辑表达自己,也是下文他被称为伟大的科学家也是艺术 学博士学位,故选B项。 家的原因,故选E项。 5.C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知,Noether是天 4.F 总分关系。根据下文可知,音乐对爱因斯坦帮助很大。F 项(爱因斯坦的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐)适合做 生的数学大师人物,故选C项。 6.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,环论在今天 本段的主旨句,故选F项。 5.C 承接关系。空前一句说明音乐对他的工作产生的积极影 依然为数学家所利用,故选A项。 响,空处承接上文,说明了爱因斯坦是靠音乐有了新发现。C项 7.C 推理判断题,根据最后一段第三至五句可知,Noether是 坚定的且有创意的人,故选C项。 (我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果)符合语境,故选C项。 C 课时作业(二) 主题语境:人与社会:科学与技术。本文为说明 语篇 I.完形填空 导读 文,主要介绍了人工智能工具在美国的流行使用及社 会各界对此现象的观点与看法。 主题语境:人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人。本 语篇 导读 文为人物传记,主要介绍了LouisPasteur的生平、成就 8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,儿童玩具公司 和贡献。 Mattel最近利用人工智能图片生成器DAL.L-E为新的风火 轮玩具车提供创意,也就是说,该玩具公司在人工智能的帮 1. B 根据下文 regarding the principles . pasteurization(巴氏 灭菌法)可知,这些都是科学发现(discovery)。prediction预 助下生产出富有创意的产品,故选B项。 9.B 推理判断题。第二段介绍了Matel,CarMax,Instacart. 测;method方法;performance表演。 2.D 根据空后的however以及下文可推断,Pasteur家里的经 甚至可口可乐等公司都纷纷利用人工智能工具提供创意或 服务顾客,从而提升公司竞争力的情况,由此推知,人工智能 济条件并不好,也就是说预算(budget)很紧张。turn轮流; schedule时间表;link联系。 工具被广泛应用,助推企业发展,故选B项。 10.D 词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句及画线词所在句可知, 3.A 根据下文可推断,他的父母很重视(value)教育。transform改 专家与Leibowicz都是在针对人工智能技术的利用提建议。 变:sharpen使尖锐;assign分配。 由此推知,画线单词deploying意为“有效利用”,故选D项。 4.C 根据下文可知,Pasteur对艺术有着热情(passion)。demand 要求;fault过错;inspiration灵感。 11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,AnnaGressel 5.B 根据上文可知,他家经济条件并不好,而根据常识及下文 的话旨在说明人类应该是技术的主宰者,是最终产品的创 可知,此处表示艺术并不太可能(unlikely)谋生。unavoidable 造者,技术只是帮助人类的“思想伙伴”而已。所以人工智 无法避免的;unexpected意外的;uncertain不确定的。 能工具只是人类的助手,故选A项。 6.D 根据上下文可知,Pasteur后来成为了一个化学家,所以 D 此时他是从艺术转向化学(chemistry). 主题语境:人与社会;科学与技术。本文为央叙夫 语篇 7.B 根据but heworkedveryhard可知,此处表示他并不是一 导读 议文。作者通过亲身经历向人们展示科学家到底是什 个很聪明的(brilliant)学生。considerate体贴的;lifelong终 么样子,以此鼓励孩子们学习科学。 身的;frustrated沮丧的. ·179· 8. A 根据It took him three tries to pass the exam 以及常理可 课时作业(三) 知,他是最终进入了自己想要进入的(desired)学校。initial 最初的;contradictory对立的;multiple多种多样的。 技能提升篇 9.C 根据上文的threetries可推测,此处表示他认为自己的成 积累常诵 功源自于自己的毅力(perseverance)。fame名声,名望; 1. (1)nervousness tension came flooding over me routine例行公事;blessing祝福。 (2)I could feel butterflies in my stomach 10.B 句意:他在解决一些最困难的科学问题上的努力和毅力 (3) My trembling legs brought me: feel my palms sweating 给资深科学家留下了深刻的印象。decrease减少;handle处 and heart racing 理;motivate激励;occupy占据,故选B项。 (4)The hall crowded with audience made me even more uneasy 11.D 根据下文可知,这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展, as if it were about to pop 所以,空处指的是早期的(early)情况。substantial大量的 (5)I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tigh joint联合的;outstanding优秀的。 2. One possible version 12. A 根据本句中 acted as his assistant in the lab可推测,他的 When I was standing backstage, nervousnessz tension 妻子积极(actively)支持其工作。purposefully有目的地; came flooding over me. When my name was called, I could unintentionally无意地;steadily稳定地。 feel butterflies in my stomach. My trembling legs brought me 13.D 根据上下文可推测,随着他越来越出名,他可以在大机 onstage, and I could feel my palms sweating and heart racing. 构担任研究职位。turndown拒绝;copewith处理;work However, the hall crowded with audience made me even more out解决;takeup从事,故选D项。 uneasy. My heart was pounding/thumping hard, as if it were 14.C 句意:最终,他建立了巴斯德研究所,以寻找(find)和预 about to pop. I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat 防疾病的原因,特别是狂犬病。dedicate致力于;treat对待; tight, wondering what to do next. commit犯罪、承诺。 实战演练篇 15.A 句意:他非常受人尊敬,赢得了他所在领域的几乎所有 1. Dad;hard; secure;desperation;he felt like it : much needed perspective 奖项。available可得到的、可使用的;memorable难忘的; 2. 第一段:Two weeks later, his response showed up in my email box. favorable有利的;knowledgeable博学的,故选A项。 第二段:I closed the email and started to cry. II.语法填空 内容;感动;印象深刻:沟通交流 3. 经历;感动;印象深刻;consider; compose; offer/provide; 语篇 主题语境:人与自我/生活与学习。本文为记叙文, impress;fear; struggle; perseverance;积极影响;沟通交流; 导读 主要介绍了作者的儿子患有自闲症,却表现出特别的洞 察力。作者认为儿子教会了自己很多东西。 solve/ settle:communicate with; grateful thankful; bearable 4. ①compose ②perseverance ③magically ④show up 1.at 考查介词。句意:我9岁的儿子在3岁时被诊断出患有 settle down at an early age in the face of difficulty 自闭症。at the age of在......岁时。 ⑧put .. at ease 2.tosee 考查非谓语动词。句意:他有能力看到和欣赏很多我 (1)clear and well written 这辈子都没注意到的东西。此处应用不定式作后置定语修 (2)considered; recalled his days; and carefully composed 饰名词ability。 (3)how to handle my relationship and career 3. that/which 考查引导词。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词 (4)While reading; must have been really tough things.先行词在从句中作宾语,指物,用关系代词that或which. (5)What impressed me most 4. waiting 考查特殊句式和非谓语动词,句意:在邮局排队的 (6)I had opened up earlier 时候,他把行分隔符看成字母M。在while引导的状语从句 (7)It was his letter that instantly put me at ease. 中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式 (8)It turned out that it's hard 时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,从句完整形式为Whilehe 5. One possible version is waiting in the line at the post office,相当于省略了he is。 Two weeks later, his response showed up in my email 5.trees 考查名词的数。句意:他爱树,也对月亮着迷。tree为 box. It was a scanned three-page document, clear and well 可数名词,上文没有冠词,用复数形式表泛指。 written. Apparently, my dad had carefully considered my 6. teaches s 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他每天都教我很多东 message, recalled his days in the past and carefully composed 西。根据下文everyday可知,此处为一般现在时,主语为 a response. In the letter, he shared his history of love. he,谓语用第三人称单数形式。 longing, self-doubt, fears and struggles in life. He also 7.the 考查冠词。句意;我已经不是生他之前的那个我了。此 offered me some practical suggestions on how to handle my 处为短语thcsame表示“同一,一样”。 relationship and career. While reading, I got the sense that it 8. abnormally 考查词性转换。句意:人们认为他有残疾,但在 must have been really tough for my dad to settle down in a 许多方面他的残疾完全正常。此处作状语修饰形容词able new country at an early age. What impressed me most was the bodied,应用副词abnormally。 great perseverance he showed in the face of difficulty. 9. farther 考查比较等级。句意:据眼科医生说,他看得比普通 I closed the email and started to cry. I cried because 1 人远10倍也近10倍。根据下文10times closer thanthe wished I had opened up earlier but was grateful it wasn't too averageperson可知,此处应用比较级farther,表示“更远”。 late. I cried because in the midst of my own struggles, it was 10.gifted 考查词性转换。句意:他很有天赋,我对某些事情的 his letter that instantly put me at ease. And I cried because in 看法也改变了。空处作表语,表示“有天赋”,应用形容词gifted the end, it was so simple; I just had to hit "Send". We've ·180·UNIT 1 课时作业（一）阅读专项 答案精解Pm (建议用时：35分钟) I.第一节 Claudia Goldin 凡 The Harvard professor helped us understand Nobel Prizes for medicine,physics,chemistry. gender differences in the labor market and advanced economy,literature as well as peace work are awarded our understanding of women's labor market outcomes. every October,each recognizing an individual's or 1.Who wins Nobel Prize in Physics? organization's remarkable contribution in a specific A.Jon Fosse. B.Louis E.Brus. field.Here is a quick guide of this year's winners. C.Ferene Krausz. D.Drew Weissman. Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman 2.What do Narges Mohammadi and Claudia Goldin The two scientists contributed to the amazing have in common? rate of vaceine development during one of the greatest A.They speak up for women. threats to human health in modern times. B.They support workers'rights. Pierre Agostini.Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier C.They provide job opportunities. The trio()are recognized for giving humanity D.They promote economy development. new tools to explore the world of electrons,making 3.Where is the text most probably from? it possible for us to understand and control how electrons A.A brochure. B.A medical report. behave in a material. C.A newspaper. D.A science fiction. Narges Mohammadi B The Iranian activist is awarded for her fight The year 2023 marks the 102th anniversary of against the suffering of women in Iran and her fight Noether's ring theory,a branch of theoretical mathematics to promote women's rights and freedom. that is still fascinating and challenging numerous Moungi G.Bawendi,Louis E.Brus and Alexei I.Ekimov mathematicians today. Awarded for their development of quantum( Noether was born in 1882 in Germany,whose F)dots,the three chemists really take people's breath father was a math professor,but it must have seemed away.These tiny particles()can promote chemical unlikely to a young Noether that she would follow in reactions and their clear light can help doctors find his footsteps because women were banned from harmful tissue in a patient's body. academia and few took classes at universities.After Jon Fosse Noether graduated from a high school for girls. The Norwegian playwriter touches on the deepest Erlangen University started to let women enroll.She feelings that people have-anxieties,insecuritics,questions signed up and earned her doctorate in mathematics, of life and death-such things that every human being which should have been the end of her mathematical actually encounters. journey.Teaching at a university for women was still ·125· out of the question.But Noether stuck with mathematics 6.What do we know about Noether's ring theory? anyway,staying in Erlangen and unofficially guiding A.It is still used by mathematicians today. doctoral students without pay. B.It opens up a new field in modern physics. In 1915,she applied for a position at the University C.It is based on Einstein's theory of relativity. of Gottingen.Bill Nicholl,the dean at the university.also D.It lays the foundation for modern mathematics. a mathematician,was in favor of hiring Noether, 7.Which of the following can best deseribe Noether? although his argument was far from feminist(女权主 A.Gifted and generous. )"The female brain is unsuitable for mathematical B.Sensitive and determined. C.Committed and creative. production,"he wrote,"but Noether stood out as D.Hard-working and honest. one of the rare exceptions. Unfortunately for Noether,the Ministry of C Education would not give the university permission More American businesses are starting to use to have a woman as their teacher.Noether stayed in artificial intelligence (Al)tools to come up with new Gottingen and taught courses listed under the name ideas and to deal with customers. of a male faculty teacher.During those years,she Mattel is known for making children's toys.The kept doing research and made important contributions to company recently used an Al image generator( called DALL-E to come up with ideas for new theoretical physies and Einstein's theory of relativity.The university finally granted her lecturer status.Two Hot Wheels toy cars.The used vehicle seller CarMax is using ChatGPT to gather thousands of customer years later,Noether published revolutionary discoveries in comments.The social media service Snapchat has ring theory.which is the study of mathematical objects added a chatbot(聊天机器人)to its messaging service. called rings.Noetherian rings show up all the time in And Instacart,a delivery service,now uses ChatGPT to modern mathematics.Mathematicians still use Noether's answer food questions.Even the Coca-Cola company map today,not just in ring theory,but in other area plans to use Al to help create new marketing content.It such as number theory and algebraic geometry has not said exactly how it plans to use the technology.But 4.What do we learn about Noether from Paragraph 2? the move shows that businesses are under pressure to use A.She taught at university as a teacher. the tools that many of their employees and customers B.She earned a degree in mathematics. are already trying on their own. C.She was taught by her father at home. Some experts warn that businesses should carefully D.She quit her mathematical journey early. consider possible harms to customers,society.and 5.What can we infer from Bill Nicholl's words? their own companies before choosing to use Al tools A.He was struggling for feminist. in the workplace.Chaire Leibowicz works at the B.Females'brains differed from males'. Partnership on Al,a nonprofit group.The group C.Noether was a giant in mathematics. recently released recommendations for companies D.Women mathematicians were superb. producing Al-generated images,audio and other ·126· media."I want people to think deeply before deploying B.The use of AI tools should be forbidden. this technology,"Leibowicz said."They should play C.A business should partner with a law company. around..but we should also think,what purpose are D.Copyright concerns are unnecessary. these tools serving in the first place?" D While text generators like ChatGPT can make What a Scientist Is Like the process of writing emails and marketing documents If you were asked to imagine a scientist,what faster and easier,they also appear to present misinformation image would come to your mind?The common idea as facts.And image generators like DALL-E are trained in that most kids from kindergarten through college copying widely available digital art and photography. have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat This has raised copyright()concerns from the with messy hair,big glasses,and several glass cups creators of those works. of mysterious colorful liquids giving off clouds of "It is safer to use Al tools as a 'thought partner'. smoke.As for adults,the majority view scientists as but still people as the creator of final products,"said strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory.However,the reality is Anna Gressel.She works at the law company quite different. Debevoise &Plimpton.which advises businesses on Recently I've had a chance to take part in a how to use Al. scientific experience far from my laboratory and into 8.Which company made creative products with AI Costa Rica.It supports a huge amount of wildlife due tools'help? to its geographical placement between North and A.Instacart. B.Mattel. South America.It is home to more than 500,000 C.CarMax. D.Snapchat. species,which are at present nearly 4%of the total 9.What can we infer from the second paragraph? species worldwide! A.People rely too much on technology in their First we worked alongside conservationists to daily life. preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle(棱皮f龟)rescue B.AI tools are widely used to help businesses grow. centre.We helped the volunteers preserve turtle C.Al tools have an effect on improving business populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline conditions. to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come D.Customers are more and more connected online. out.After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we 10.What does the underlined word "deploying"in studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes. Paragraph 3 mean? During our stay at Arenal,we rode over the mountainous A.Presenting confidently. areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. B.Promoting successfully. After reaching the top.we went down and through C.Debating publicly. waterfalls to the beautiful valley below!On the last D.Applying effectively. day we got a hands-on introduction to rocket science 11.What can we learn from Anna Gressel's words? where we learnt about new rocket technology that A.AI tools should just be humans'assistants. will be used on the international space station. ·127· During my Costa Rica experience,I know that Ⅱ.第二节 being a scientist doesn't mean working in a lab all Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking day and night.A scientist is one who loves learning "The greatest scientists are artists as well," and getting a better understanding of the world from said Albert Einstein,one of the greatest physicists helping preserve wildlife,learning about earthquakes and an amateur pianist and violinist. or inventing rockets.I think that schools should For Einstein,insight did not come from logic or really stress that science is so much more than mathematics.1 "All great achievements of science wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals.Kids need must start from intuitive(直觉的)knowledge..Imagination to be aware of the excitement and adventures science is more important than knowledge. 2 Surprisingly,it wasn't the content of an can bring！ idea,or its subject,that determined whether something 12.What can we learn from the first paragraph? was art or science,but how the idea was expressed. A.Scientists are often believed to work as slaves. If what is seen and experienced is described in the B.Scientists are often believed to behave in a language of logic,then it is science.If it is communicated strange way. and recognized intuitively,then it is art.3 That's C.Scientists are often believed to spend too much why he said that great scientists were also artists. time in labs. 4_“If I were not a physicist,”he once said, D.Scientists are often believed to do experiments "I would probably be a musician.I often think in in messy labs. music and I see my life in terms of music.I get most 13.How did the author help to preserve the turtle joy in life out of music."Music provided Einstein populations? with a connection between time and space.which A.By creating a safe nest for turtles. both combine spatial(空间的)and structural aspects, B.By picking up rubbish from the shoreline. "The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition C.By collecting the turtle eggs on the beach. and music is the driving force behind this intuition," D.By finding a comfortable environment for turtles. said Einstein."My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six.5 14.What does the author learn about science from A.But how did art differ from science for Einstein? his experience? B.Instead,it came from intuition()and inspiration. A.Science is full of boring experiments. C.My new discovery is the result of musical insight. B.Science is more than working in a lab. D.There is no doubt that my theory was a great C.Science is related to mysterious liquids. breakthrough then. D.Science is about wildlife and earthquakes. E.Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed 15.What is the purpose of this passage? himself logically. A.To encourage kids to study science. F.Einstein also owed his scientific insight and B.To tell the story of traveling in Costa Rica. intuition mainly to music. C.To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica. G.For Einstein.it was the humanities that mainly D.To share the secrets behind scientifie phenomena. contributed to his achievements. ·128· 课时作业(二) 语言运用专项 答案精解 (建议用时：20分钟) I. 完形填空 7.A.considerate B.brilliant Louis Pasteur was born on December 27， 1822， C.lifelong D.frustrated in Dole， France， into a poor family. The French chemist 8.A.desired B.initial and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 1 C.contradictory D.multiple regarding the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种) ， 9.A.fame B.routine microbial fermentation (微生物发酵) ， and pasteurization C.perseverance D.blessing (巴氏灭菌法). 10.A.decreasing B.handling The family was on a very tight 2 .However， C.motivating D.occupying his parents 3 education and found support to send 11.A.substantial B.joint him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had C.outstanding D.early a(n) 4 for painting and drawing. When he realized that 12.A.actively B.purposefully art was 5 to earn a living， he changed to 6 . C.unintentionally D.steadily He was not a 7 student， but he worked very 13.A.turn down B.cope with hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries C.workout D.take u to pass the exam to get into his 8 school. Later， he 14.A.dedicate B.treat owed h is sue cess to his 9 ， He impressed senior C.find D.commit scientists with his hard work and will power in 10 15.A.available B.memorable some of the most difficult scientific problems C.favorable D.knowledgeable Pasteur 's 11 research was completely self .语法填空 funded. His wife， Marie， 12 supported his work My 9-year old s on was diagnosed with autism and acted as his assistant in the lab. (自闭症) 1. the age of 3. Although he A A s he became famous gradually， he was able to has challenges， he has an insight to die for. He has 13 research positions at more great institutions. the ability 2.(see) and appreciate many Eventually， he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute things 3.I have walked past my whole to 14 and prevent the causes of disease， particularly life without seeing. He has shown me that there are rabies. letters and numbers everywhere. For example， a He was highly respected and won just about parking spot is the number 11. While 4. every award 15 in his field. As a consequence， (wait) in the line at the post office， he sees the line Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. separator as the letter M. He loves 5.(tree) ， 1.A.predictions B.discoveries and is fascinated with the moon. He 6. C.methods D.performances (teach) me so much every day. He once wanted a 2.A.turn B.schedule C. link D.budget globe and a wall clock for his birthday. He told me he was 3.A.valued B.transformed a scientist， and I believed him.I am not 7. C.sharpened D.assigned same person I was before giving birth to him. He is 4.A.demand B.fault considered to be disabled， but in many way s he is C.passion D.inspiration 8.(abnormal) able bodied. He literally 5.A.unavoidable B.unlikely has 10/ 10 vision. According to the eye doctor， he C.unexpected D.uncertain sees 10 times 9. (far) and 10 times closer 6.A.geography B.astronomy than the average person. He is 10.(gift) ， C.politics D.chemistry and I will never look at some things the same. 129.