Unit 1 Science and Scientists单元基础知识落实-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1 默写练习（一） 答案精解Pm (建议用时：15分钟) 一、单词 ,使改观：使改变形态i.改变： (一)核心单词（根据词性及汉语意思，写出英语单词） 转变→transformation.变化：转变 1. n.微生物：细菌：病菌 二、短语（英汉互译） .认购（股份）：定期订购：定期交纳 1. 幸亏：由于 (会费) 感到沮丧 3. n.泵：抽水机：打气简 同意：赞同 4. t.&.i怀疑：疑有：不信任 及时；迟早 n.犯罪嫌疑人：可疑对象 照顾：护理 5. .把…归咎于：责怪：指责 最终地：彻底地 n.责备：指责 该受贵备 m.把手：拉手：柄 8.be likely to do sth 比.处理：搬动：操纵（车辆，动物、工具等） 9.a substantial decrease n,联系：组带 10.through tireless efforts 以，把…连接起来：相关联 三、句式（补全救材原句） ad未煮的：生的：未经处理的：原始的 1,s0…that…如此…以至于… 9. .减少：降低：减少量 He discovered that in two particular streets the .8.i.(使大小、数量等)减少：减 cholera outbreak was 小：降低 more than 500 people died in ten days. 10. n.[pl.]统计数字：统计资料：统计学 他发现，有两条特别的街道上霍乱疫情非常严重， 11. adj.相互矛盾的：对立的：不一致 10天内就有500多人死亡 12. adj.大量的 2.It seems that.…好像…；似乎 (二)拓展单词（写出下列汉语对应的莫语单词） the woman liked the water 1. ad.极为恶劣的：十分严重的：严厉 from the pump so much that she had it delivered to 的→severely adv..严重地：严格地，严厉地 her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵 2. ad山j.懊恼的，祖丧的：失意的一 里的水，她每天都让人从水泵打水送到家里来。 frustrate v.挫败：阻挠：使感到灰心 3.have sth done让/请人做某事：使某事/物被 n.感染：传染→infect说.使感染：传染 Accordingly,he →infectious adj.传染性的：感染的（尤指通过呼吸） so that it could not be used.因此，他叫 n.证据：证明：检验prove v.证明 人把水泵的把手取下来，这样水泵就不能用了。 5. adj.数量多的：多种多样的→ 4,无生命的名词十see/find/witness,., multiply.乘：增加：繁殖 Through Snow's tireless efforts,water companies 6. .介人，出面；干涉→intervene vi.出 began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera 面：介入：插话：干扰 around the world adj,干净的：纯的：纯粹的purify 通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售纯净 3.净化 水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。 93 要点自查（一） 答案精解Pm (建议用时：25分钟) I.单词拼写 6.The place looks much more beautiful since they 1.These results are a further (证明)of had it (decorate). his outstanding ability. 7.The number of wild animals is the 2.It is a pity that he lost all the (统计 decrease because of the fires in Australia. 数字)because of the sudden breakdown of his 8.The lake,once (severe)polluted. has turned into a beautiful theme park. computer. 9.Feeling (frustrate),he abandoned 3.It was through (介人)that the virus himself to sad music. finally stopped spreading. 10.They help the body defend itself against some 4.There was no water in the old office building,just kinds of (infect). (水泵)in the courtyard. Ⅲ.完成句子/句型转换 5.To solve problems arising in the aging society,our 1.秦始皇成功地将所有的城墙连接起来。于是，长城 company brings out the (家庭)rohot. 就形成了。(have sth done) 6.I'm old enough to (处理)ny own Emperor Qin Shihuang succeeded in affairs. Thus,the Great 7.The number of people who subscribed to the magazine Wall came into being. saw a substantial (下降)because of 2.过去30年我的家乡发生了很大的变化。(see) the decline of economy. The past 30 years 8.Many students say that their time at university is when in my hometown. they can experience (纯粹的)friends. 3.就我而言，该受贵备的是他而不是你 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 As far as I am concerned,it is he rather than you 1.After his first book of poetry was published,he (transform)and became famous 4,并不是很多人赞同金钱能带来幸福的观点。 nationwide overnight. Not many people 2.It was Emma who was (blame)for money can bring happiness. the terrible accident. 5.不健康的饮食和心脏病有直接的联系。 3.Whether pollution is directly linked unhealthy the disease is under debate. diet and heart disease. 4.The number of foreign students 6.The lesson was so boring that most of the students (attend)Chinese universities has been rising steadily. went to sleep.(简单句) 5.My main reason for (subscribe)to most of the New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science. students went to sleep.(倒装句) 94 默写练习（二） 答案精解Pm (建议用时：15分钟) 一、单词 个 i.天文学家-astronomy.天文学 (一)核心单词（根据词性及汉语意思，写出英语单词） 8. n.弱点：过错→faulty adj.不完美 1. n.思想：思维：见解 的：有错误的：有缺陷的 2. n.蛋白质 adj,生动的：鲜明的：丰富的→ ”,细胞：小房间：单间牢房 vividly adu.生动地 ? n.病毒 二、短语（英汉互译） .框架：结构 1. 专注于… 6 adj.可靠的：周体的：坚实的 对…有影响 .固体 3. (战争，打斗等不愉快的事 .投射：向…投以（视线、笑容 情)突然开始：爆发 等)：投掷 主管；掌管 8. n.阴影：影子：背光处 5. 阻止某人… 9 n.彩虹 对…熟悉 10. t.倒出：倾泻：料（饮料） 患（病）：染上（小病） 11. n.混凝土 最重要的是：尤其是 adj.混凝土制的：确实的：具体的 9.take on the challenge 12. .追溯：追踪：查出 10.under one's leadership n.痕迹；遗迹：踪迹 三、句式（补全教材原句） 13. adj,优秀的：杰出的：明显的 1.not only-but alse0.…不但……而且… 14. adi.抽象的：理性的 He received a hero's welcome from his homeland n.(文献等的)摘要 and was put in charge of 15. n.概念：观念 its space and missile 16. prep.除…之外（还） programme,他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢 adu.而且；此外 迎。他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责太空 17. adj,聪颍的：绝妙的：明亮的 和导弹计划。 18, adu.此外：再者 2.过去分词短语作状语 19. n.改变；转换：轮班 Under Qian's leadership,China developed the i.&以.转移：挪动：转向 Dongfeng missiles, the (二)拓展单词（写出下列汉语对应的英语单词） first generation of Long March rockets. 1. n,发现：调查结果：（法律）判决→ 在钱学森的领导下，中国研发了东风导弹，随后又 find v.发现→finder.发现者 研发了第一代长征火箭 2. ad.最初的：开始的：第一的~ 3.“make十宾语十宾补”结构 initially adv.起初 However,what might have 3. vt.保卫：防守：辩解-·defense n.防 was probably his strong 护：辩护 interest in other things,such as music and .助理；助手→assist v.帮助一 drawing.然而，使他成为如此杰出和宫有创造力的 assistance.帮助：支持 科学家的可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，比如音 5. n,领导：领导地位：领导才能→lead 乐和绘画。 u.领导：带领→leader.领导→leading adj.最好 1.状语从句的省略 的：最重要的 Besides being brilliant,he was brave. 6. ad山.有天赋的：有天才的：天资聪慧 in what he said or did.除了聪明以外， 的·gift.礼物；天赋 他还很勇敢，虽然有时说话或做事会粗心。 ·95· 要点自查（二） 答案精解Pm (建议用时：25分钟) I.单词拼写 1.He is not easily because he is 1.What impressed me most are their art skills,in a strong-minded person. which they showed (杰出的)talent, 2.Mr Green stood up the 16-year 2.Time is (抽象的)，which we can old boy,saying that he was not the one to blame. only imagine in our mind. 3.What the teachers have done 3.In our office,Jim is an absolutely their students in the future. (聪颖的)expert in computers,and he always 4.A bush fire in Australia. solves the complex problems in a few minutes. causing great damage to the local people. 4.We need to (转移)the focus of 5. doctors and nurses,the patient this debate. 5.Amateur (天文学家)David Bates recovered quickly. was looking at the moon through his ( 6.At the age of 5,the boy with a 远镜)last night when he got a big surprise. disease.which prevented him from walking normally. 6.At sight of the (彩虹)，the children 7.To be honest,children need many things,but were more glad than the parents. they need love. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 W.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译 1.The more outstanding you are,the less likely you 1,所有这些都是免费的，我希望这个网站会对你有所 are to find fault others. 帮助。(charge) 2.All our police officers are trained to defend I hope you will themselves knife attacks. find this website helpful. 3.Not only cancer but also heart,stomach and lung diseases 2.一旦你已经决定要做某事，最好别放弃。(once) (influence)by smoking. 4.Anybody would (cast)down at such you'd bad news as that. better not give up. 5.Smartphones make easier and more 3.劳动的时候，我意识到炎炎烈日下在农田中劳作是 convenient to check reality.watch video clips and 多么的辛苦。(while十非谓语动词) read Weibo. I realised how hard it was 6.The (gift)girl who has a gift to work in the fields under a hot sun. music was presented with some 4.网络让我们的生活变得容易又方便。 wonderful (gift)by the audience. The Internet 7.If you are short of money but still want the bicycle,ask 5.The professors not only have their own ideas on the shop (assist)to reduce the price. the matter.but the students have theirs too. 8.Under his (leader),they made a breakthrough in the task. ,but the students have theirs too.(倒装) 9.Much to our joy,his health is getting (steady)better with time going by. 6.在她负责之前，公司经营得很糟糕。 10.He (charge)with cheating and was (1)The company was badly run until she sentenced to ten years in prison. Ⅲ.选词填空 (2)The company was badly run until she above all;cast down:have an impact on;in charge of:come down:break out:in defence of:with the (3)The company was badly run until it assistance of 96 UNIT1单元回扣 答案精解Pm (建议用时：35分钟) 重点单词☑ 15.Most people drink bottled water because of the I.单词拼写 common (概念)that bottled water is 1.This information is only (原始的) healthier than regular tap water. 16.The economic (理论框架)of the21t data and will need further analysis. is going through a new transformation 2.Not until we pointed out their (过 to them did they realize it. Ⅱ，单词拓展 3.In some areas there is not a (痕迹) adj.生动的：鲜明的：丰富的一 that a human settlement ever existed there. ad,生动地：鲜明地：丰富地 4.The country's first coffee-themed post office opened in 2 adj.懊恼的：沮丧的：失意的→ Xiamen and quickly became a hot search topic on .使懊丧：使懊恼；使沮丧· (多数)social platforms.. n,懊丧：懊恼：沮丧 5.Judging from what he said.I (怀疑) adj.相互矛盾的：对立的：不一致的 him to be the thief stealing my electric bike. ,(事实、看法、行动等的)不一 6.To get along well with others,we must learn 致，矛盾→ .反驳：驳斥：批驳 (处理)conflicts calmly and wisely. 思想：思维：见解→ .考 7.Furthermore.the number of new students in our 虑：认为→ n.思想家 school (减少)from210to160 last year. n.发现：调查结果，（法律）判决→ 8.Street artists have brought (明亮的，绚 口.找到：发现 colors to old neighborhoods with their creativity. 刀.感染：传染→ .使 9.You will need all kinds of skills,including 感染：传染· ad.传染性的→ (领导才能)and communication, adj.受感染的 10.The professor (向…投以)an admiring 儿.介人：出面：干涉+ eye on the boy who had just expressed an amazing idea. 以.出面：介入：插嘴 11.After summer rain,the (彩虹)looks 8 adj.机械的；发动机的：机器的· more beautiful against the blue sky. 机械师：机械修理工→ 12.It is believed that life quality is closely n.机器：设备 (相关联)to surrounding environment. 9 ”领导：领导地位：领导才能→ 13.He (捐助)a certain amount of money 九.领导→ u.引路：引领： regularly to the university where his son is studying. 领先· d.领先的：前列的 14.The research lacks (可靠的)evidence, 10 adG.最初的：开始的：第一的 and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful. ad.最初地 97· 11. .认购（股份）：定期订购：定期交 (2)Your behaviour is in direct (contradict) 纳（会费）· n.订阅：会员费一 to the principles you claim to stick to. n.订户：订阅者 5.(1)Finding your first job can be both a rewarding 12. t,使改观：使改变形态i.改变：转 and (frustrate)experience. 变→ n.(彻底的)变化：改观：转变 (2)Several more days went by and the youth's 13. t.保卫：防守：辩解一 feelings of (frustrate)increased. .保护，防御→ adi.防 (3)When things go wrong,many of us naturally 御性的 feel disappointed and (frustrate）. 14. 助理：助手 n.帮 6.(1)Some experts think that putting a few plants 助→ u.帮助 together in your home can (pure)your 15. adj.有天赋的：有天才的：天资聪慧 air doesn't have much hard science to back it up. 的→ n.天赋：礼物 (2)The charity is run on a (pure】 16. .证据：证明：检验→ voluntary basis so all workers work there for free. u.证明：证实link,证明是 (3)In my eyes,sincere friendship means a higher 17 adj.干净的：纯的：纯粹的→ and (pure)state of life. ad.仅仅：完全- (4)As we all know,white is the symbol of .净化：使纯净→ 纯净：纯洁 (pure)while red is the gesture of 18. ad.极为恶劣的：十分严重的：严厉 enthusiasm 的→ ad.极为恶劣地：十分严重地： 7.She came (initial)to spend a few days. 严厉地 but in the end she stayed for a whole month. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 8.His great battle was (vivid)recorded in 1.Tom is an teacher in the college.He the documentary film. often the students with their problems 9.His article includes all his (think) and gives to any student in need. on the subject. (assist)】 10.He has made a complete transform) 2.In time of war,lots of money will be spent on from a comedian into a dramatic actor. and many measures will be taken 11.The number of foreign students attending Chinese a country from being attacked. universities has been rising (steady) (defend) since 1990. 3.Their daughter has a for language while 12.The UN wants to send food aid to 10 countries in their son is a pianist.(gift) Africa (severe)affected by the drought. 4.(1)The witnesses'statements each 13.(2022·1月浙江改编)The project required each other and the facts remained unclear.In the court team to develop a hypothesis(假说)，set up an the witnesses gave two completely experiment to test the hypothesis,do the statistical accounts.(contradict) analysis and present the (find). ·98 14.Despite the (intervene)of the international [仿写2]约翰所有的钱都在旅馆卧室被偷了。 community.the two countries were unable to John from his hotel settle their differences. bedroom. [句式3]tmy…buts0"意为“不但…而且” 重点短语☑ He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and Ⅳ，短语填空（根据语境填入本单元所学的合适短语） was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket 1. my teachers'assistance.I have science but also its space and missile programme. handled the tough problem successfully. [仿写3]这次活动不仅提高了我们的身体素质，而且 2.He couldn't handle the problem 帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。 which made him quite frustrated. build a positive attitude towards life 3.Unfortunately,he with a severe [句式4]make十宾语十宾语补足语 disease and couldn't carry on with the project. However,what might have made him such an outstanding 4.As we all know,yellow confidence. and creative scientist was probably his strong interest self-respect and friendliness. in other things,such as music and drawing. 5.The company wanted to appoint an experienced man [仿写4]他提高嗓门为的是让大家能听懂他的话 to be the department. He raised his voice in order to 6 you should develop a good habit of eating and take exercise regularly. 单元语法☑ 7.The leader his assistant's plan M.补全句子 to decrease the economic losses. 1.这就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学一中国最 8.A fire in his car.which made it 好的大学之一。 break down on the way. Peking 产重点句型子 University,one of the best universities in China. 2.你应该记住的最后一件事是在6月28日前你必须 V.句式仿写 把这篇文章发给我。 [句式1]“s0…that…”意为“如此…以至于…” you must He discovered that in two particular streets the send the article to me before June 28. cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 3.这是因为读经典不仅能提高我们的学习而且能丰 people died in ten days. 富我们的日常生活。 [仿写1门简是如此沮丧以至于眼泪不受控制地顺着脸 颊流淌。 enrich our daily life. 4.问题是我们如何处理日常生活中的冲突。 tears poured down in our daily life. her cheeks without control. 5.最重要的是我们下一步应该做什么来提高学生对 L句式2]"have sth done'"意为“让/请人做某事：使某事被做 英语的兴趣。 Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed to improve so that it could not be used. students'interest in English. ·99必备知识落实答案 默写练习（一） =,1.not only developing China's rocket science but also 2.followed by -,(-)1.germ 2.subscribe 3.pump 4.suspect 3.made him such an outstanding and creative scientist 5.blame 6.handle 7.link 8.raw 9.decrease 10.statistic 4.though sometimes careless 11.contradictory 12.substantial 要点自查（二） ()1.severe 2.frustrated 3.infection 4.proof 5.multiple 6.intervention 7.pure 8.transform L.单词拼写 ,1.thanks to 2.feel frustrated 3.subscribe to 4.in time 1.outstanding 2.abstract 3.brilliant 4.shift 5.attend to6.once and for all7.be to blame8.很有可能做某事 5.astronomer:telescope 6.rainbow 9.大幅度减少10.经过不懈努力 Ⅱ，单句语法填空 三，l.so severe that 1.with 2.against/from 3.are influenced 4.be cast 5.it 2.It seemed that 6.gifted;for:gifts 7.assistant 8.leadership 9.steadily 3.had the handle of the pump removed 10.was charged 4.saw a substantial decrease Ⅲ，选词填空 1.cast down 2.in defence of 3.has an impact on 要点自查（一） 4.broke out 5.With the assistance of 6.came down 【.单词拼写 7.above all 1.proof 2.statistics 3.intervention 4.pump 5.household W,完成句子/句型转换/一句多译 6.handle 7.decrease 8.pure 1.All these are free of charge Ⅱ.单句语法填空 2.Once you have made up your mind to do something 1.was transformed 2.to blame 3.to 4.attending 3.While working 4.makes our lives easy and convenient 5.subscribing 6.decorated 7.on 8.severely 5.Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter 9.frustrated 10.infections 6.(1)was in charge of it (2)took charge of it Ⅲ.完成句子/句型转换 (3)was in the charge of her 1.having all the walls joined together UNT1单元回扣 2.have seen the great changes 3.that is to blame 4.subscribe to the view that 5.There is a direct link between I,单词拼写 6.So boring was the lesson that 1.raw 2.fault 3.trace 4.multiple 5.suspected 6.to handle 7.decreased 8.brilliant 9.leadership 10.cast 11.rainbow 默写练习（二） 12.linked 13.subscribes 14.solid 15.concept 16.framework -(-)1.thinking 2.protein 3.cell 4.virus 5.framework Ⅱ.单词拓展 6.solid 7.cast 8.shadow 9.rainbow 10.pour 1.vivid:vividly 2.frustrated:frustrate:frustration 11.concrete 12.trace 13.outstanding 14.abstract 3.contradictory:contradiction:contradict 15.concept 16.besides 17.brilliant 4.thinking:think:thinker 5.finding:find 18.furthermore 19.shift 6.infection;infect:infectious:infected 7.intervention:intervene ()1.finding 2.initial 3.defend 4.assistant 8.mechanical:mechanic:machine 5.leadership 6.gifted 7.astronomer 8.fault 9.vivid 9.leadership:leader;lead;leading 10.initial;initially 二、l.focus on2.have an impact on3.break out 11.subscribe:subscription:subscriber 4.in charge of 5.discourage sb from 6.be familiar with 12.transform:transformation 7.come down8.above all9.接受挑战10.在…的领导下 13.defend:defence:defense:defensive ·173· 14.assistant:assistance;assist 15.gifted:gift 16.proof:prove Ⅱ，单句语法填空 17.pure:purely:purify:purity 18.severe:severely 1.applicants 2.participants 3.to drive;qualification Ⅲ，单句语法填空 4,yourself 5.Comfortable 6.ambitious 7.involved 1.assistant;assists:assistance 2.defence;to defend 8.had left 3.gift:gifted Ⅲ，完成句子/一句多译 4.(1)contradicted;contradictory (2)contradiction 1.the first time I gave a speech 5.(1)frustrating (2)frustration (3)frustrated 2.how to deal with/what to do with 3.comfort me with 6.(1)purify (2)purely (3)purer (4)purity 4.(1)are engaged in (2)participate in 7.initially 8.vividly 9.thinking 10.transformation 5.(1)I'm well qualified for the job (2)I'm well fit for the job 11.steadily 12.severely 13.findings 14.intervention (3)I'm well suitable for the job W,短语填空 默写练习（四） 1.Thanks to 2.once and for all 3.came down 4.is linked to 5.in charge of 6.Above all 7.subscribed to 8.broke out 一，（一）l,zone2.insight3.setting4,grasp5.expense V.句式仿写 6.mature 7.boom 8.deny 9.optimistic 10.gain [仿写l]Jane was so frustrated that 11.angle 12.outlook 13.belt 14.initiative 15.budget [仿写2]had all his money stolen 16.outcome [3]The activity not only improved our physical quality, ()1.motivate 2.expectation 3.applicant 4.expose but also helped us 5.departure 6.dramatic 7.behave 8.surrounding [仿写4]make himself understood 9.depress 10.strengthen 11.competence 12.cooperate 1.补全句子 13.sincerely 14.logical 15.reasonable 1.That is why I suggest you (should)apply for =.1.culture shock 2.comfort zone 3.cost an arm and a leg 2.The last thing you should remember is that 4.side with 5.as far as I know 6.as far as I am concerned 3.This is because reading classics can not only improve our 7.in conclusion/summary 8.generally speaking study but also 9.a dramatic increase 10.应对挑战IL令…震惊 4.The problem is how we handle conflicts 12.尤指经历一系列意外后最后处于（某种境地）：到头来 5.The most important is what we should do next 13.强烈的文化意识14.遭遇个人安全的问题 三、l,Studying in China 默写练习（三） 2.while studying abroad does have potential benefits -,()1.complex 2.recall 3.tutor 4.cite 5.messenger 3.with many great universities now available 6.edition 要点自查（四） ()1.qualify:qualification 2.ambition;ambitious 3.adaptation 4.comfort 5.participate 6.presentation 7.engage 8.involve I,单词拼写 二，l,participate in2.speak up3.feel at home 1.setting 2.angle 3.grasped 4.optimistic;outcome 4.engage in 5.get involved in 6.set up 7.adapt to 5.mature 6.booming 7.budget 8.sincerely 8.和…告别9.渴望做某事10.轮流做某事 Ⅱ，单句语法填空 11.增强某人的信心12.在…中间/中途：到…的一半 1.expenses 2.about 3.depressed 4.to settle 13.充当14.被…迷住 5.competence 6.logically 7.behavior 8.cooperation ,1.had left China 2.what to expect 3.The first time that Ⅲ，选词填空 1.In summary 2.participate in 3.get involved in 要点自查（三） 4.side with 5.has been engaged in 6.costs an arm and a leg I,单词拼写 7.spoken up 8.feel at home 1.recall 2.complex 3.qualification 4.cited N,完成句子 5.tutor 6.presentation 7.edition 8.adaptation 1.As far as I'm concerned 2.was not always smooth 174