外刊改编语法填空题Day 31-Day 32-2025届高三英语一轮复习

原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 31 Indian railways have an impressive safety record From: The Economist It was around 7pm on June 2nd when a train travelling from Kolkata in West Bengal to Chennai, 1,700km down India’s east coast, smashed at full speed into a parked freight train in the state of Odisha, 250km south of Kolkata. The passenger train’s coaches were derailed and collided with the rear coaches of another train travelling in the opposite direction. The trains were carrying around 2,000 people, many of _____1_____ migrants from West Bengal off to seek work in the richer south. At least 288 were killed and more than 1,100 injured, many of them gravely. The cause of the accident, the deadliest on India’s railways since 1999, when at least 290 people died in a train _____2_____ (collide) in West Bengal, was still unclear. An initial report pointed to a signal failure, _____3_____ experts suggested that would not normally lead to such a calamity. The railways minister has hinted that equipment was tampered with and ordered a _____4_____(crime) probe. Notwithstanding this disaster, rail travel is not especially dangerous in India, where some 20m people take a train every day. Of the roughly 25,000 who died in train-related accidents every year before the pandemic (a number that had changed little in a decade), most _____5_____(run) over or fell from trains. And the number of such serious incidents is decreasing. By contrast, some 300,000 people are estimated to die on India’s roads each year. Even so, the tragedy in Odisha is potentially embarrassing for the government of Narendra Modi, _____6_____(give) its great emphasis on developing India’s railways and roads. This year it plans to spend the equivalent of 1.7% of GDP on them, more than four times as much as India was spending a decade ago, and around double the proportion spent by most developed countries. Mr Modi had been due to inaugurate a new high-speed Vande Bharat service the day after the disaster. Instead he visited the crash site, where he, too, promised to find the culprit: “_____7_____ is found guilty will be punished severely”. Despite the railways’ reasonable safety record, the crash is likely to exacerbate claims that, in its push for new tracks and faster trains, his government is neglecting upgrades to existing tracks and equipment. Last year an audit of derailments by India’s comptroller-general found railway officials had not spent the budget set aside for track repairs, even though it had declined. A special fund to pay for safety improvements was not adequately replenished in any year between 2017 and 2022. Two days after the crash in Odisha, a new bridge _____8_____(build) now over the Ganges in the northern state of Bihar collapsed for the second time in just over a year, killing nobody but casting doubt on the quality of flagship construction projects. The government denies that it is skimping on safety. It notes that it has accelerated the elimination of dangerous level-crossings, particularly on lines _____9_____ trains travel at higher speeds, and begun the roll-out of an anti-crash system on some trains. _____10_____ the wake of the tragedy in Odisha, it vowed to install additional security features on signalling equipment. Indian railways have an impressive safety record From: The Economist It was around 7pm on June 2nd when a train travelling from Kolkata in West Bengal to Chennai, 1,700km down India’s east coast, smashed at full speed into a parked freight train in the state of Odisha, 250km south of Kolkata. The passenger train’s coaches were derailed and collided with the rear coaches of another train travelling in the opposite direction. The trains were carrying around 2,000 people, many of them migrants from West Bengal off to seek work in the richer south. At least 288 were killed and more than 1,100 injured, many of them gravely. The cause of the accident, the deadliest on India’s railways since 1999, when at least 290 people died in a train collision (collide) in West Bengal, was still unclear. An initial report pointed to a signal failure, but experts suggested that would not normally lead to such a calamity. The railways minister has hinted that equipment was tampered with and ordered a criminal (crime) probe. Notwithstanding this disaster, rail travel is not especially dangerous in India, where some 20m people take a train every day. Of the roughly 25,000 who died in train-related accidents every year before the pandemic (a number that had changed little in a decade), most were run (run) over or fell from trains. And the number of such serious incidents is decreasing. By contrast, some 300,000 people are estimated to die on India’s roads each year. Even so, the tragedy in Odisha is potentially embarrassing for the government of Narendra Modi, given (give) its great emphasis on developing India’s railways and roads. This year it plans to spend the equivalent of 1.7% of GDP on them, more than four times as much as India was spending a decade ago, and around double the proportion spent by most developed countries. Mr Modi had been due to inaugurate a new high-speed Vande Bharat service the day after the disaster. Instead he visited the crash site, where he, too, promised to find the culprit: “Whoever is found guilty will be punished severely”. Despite the railways’ reasonable safety record, the crash is likely to exacerbate claims that, in its push for new tracks and faster trains, his government is neglecting upgrades to existing tracks and equipment. Last year an audit of derailments by India’s comptroller-general found railway officials had not spent the budget set aside for track repairs, even though it had declined. A special fund to pay for safety improvements was not adequately replenished in any year between 2017 and 2022. Two days after the crash in Odisha, a new bridge being built (build) now over the Ganges in the northern state of Bihar collapsed for the second time in just over a year, killing nobody but casting doubt on the quality of flagship construction projects. The government denies that it is skimping on safety. It notes that it has accelerated the elimination of dangerous level-crossings, particularly on lines where trains travel at higher speeds, and begun the roll-out of an anti-crash system on some trains. In the wake of the tragedy in Odisha, it vowed to install additional security features on signalling equipment. 印度铁路有着令人难忘的安全记录 6月2日晚上大约7点，一列从西孟加拉邦的加尔各答开往印度东海岸的金奈的列车以全速撞向在奥里萨邦停放的一列货车，距离加尔各答以南250公里。乘客列车的车厢脱轨并与另一列相向行驶的列车的尾车相撞。 这些列车上共载有约2000人，其中许多是来自西孟加拉邦的移民，前往更富裕的南方寻找工作。至少288人死亡，1100多人受伤，其中许多人伤势严重。 这起事故是自1999年以来印度铁路上造成的最严重的事故，当时至少有290人在西孟加拉邦的一次列车相撞事故中丧生。事故的原因尚不清楚。初步报告指出信号故障，但专家表示，这通常不会导致如此大的灾难。铁路部长暗示有人篡改了设备，并下令进行刑事调查。 尽管发生了这起灾难，但在印度，铁路旅行并不特别危险，每天约有2000万人乘坐火车。在大流行病爆发之前，每年有大约2.5万人死于与火车有关的事故（这个数字在过去十年中变化不大），其中大多数是被撞死或从火车上摔下来的。此类严重事故的数量正在减少。相比之下，据估计每年有大约30万人在印度的道路上丧生。 即便如此，奥里萨邦的这场悲剧可能会给纳伦德拉·莫迪政府带来尴尬，考虑到该政府非常重视发展印度的铁路和道路。今年，该政府计划在铁路和道路上的支出相当于国内生产总值的1.7%，是十年前的四倍多，也是大多数发达国家支出比例的两倍。莫迪原本计划在事故发生后的第二天为新的高速“Vande Bharat”服务举行开幕式。然而，他改变了计划，前往事故现场，他也承诺找到罪魁祸首：“无论找到的人是谁，都将受到严厉的惩罚”。 尽管铁路在安全方面有相对良好的记录，但这起事故可能加剧对莫迪政府的指责，认为在推动修建新轨道和更快列车的同时，忽视了对现有轨道和设备的升级。去年，印度审计长对脱轨事故进行的审计发现，铁路官员没有花费拨款用于轨道维修，尽管拨款额有所减少。为安全改进支付的专项资金在2017年至2022年间没有得到充分补充。在奥里萨邦发生碰撞事故的两天后，比哈尔邦北部正在建造的一座新桥第二次坍塌，一年多来未造成人员伤亡，但对旗舰建设项目质量产生了质疑。 政府否认节省安全经费。政府指出，他们加快了消除危险平交道的进程，特别是在列车以更高速度行驶的线路上，并开始在一些列车上推出防撞系统。在奥里萨邦的悲剧发生后，政府承诺在信号设备上安装额外的安全功能。 生词积累 smash v.打碎，（使）粉碎；（使）猛击，（使）猛撞； collide v.冲突，抵触；（迥异的事物）碰在一起；碰撞，相撞 gravely adv.严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地 deadly adj.致命的；极度的 calamity n.灾难，灾祸 tamper v.做手脚，破坏 notwithstanding prep.虽然，尽管 adv.尽管如此 conj.虽然，尽管 exacerbate v.使恶化，使加剧 derailment n.出轨，脱轨 skimp vt.克扣；对……不够用心；舍不得给；少给 elimination n.消除，排除 in the wake of 在......之后：指在某个事件或情况之后紧接着发生或出现 原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 32 Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughest school exam? From: The Guardian The gaokao is emblematic of the Chinese education system as a whole. In the west, it is often seen as monolithic and rote; in China as tough but fair. In Europe and America, there is the notion that Chinese schools produce automatons incapable _____1______ critical thought; in China, many seem to think that western classrooms are full of students standing on desks and _____2______(rip) up textbooks, à la Dead Poets Society. Yet, where the Chinese model used to be roundly criticised for rewarding rote learning, now the system’s gruelling schedule and _____3______(suppose) high standards are increasingly admired overseas. Thomas Friedman, the New York Times columnist, has praised Shanghai’s school system with at times absurd hyperbole. In China there are no illusions about the system being perfect. The exam is widely criticised for putting impossible pressures on children. Dissatisfaction with the gaokao is one reason that, among wealthier segments of the population, large numbers of students are choosing to study abroad. But, ultimately, most people support it, or at least see no alternative. “China has too many people,” is _____4______ common refrain, used to excuse everything from urban traffic to rural poverty. Given the intense competition for finite higher education resources, the argument goes, there has to be some way to separate the wheat from the chaff, and to give hardworking students from poorer backgrounds a chance to rise to the top. The tradition of a single exam that decides a young person’s prospects is one _____5______ goes back to antiquity in China. The imperial examinations or keju, which tested applicants for government office, was introduced in the Han dynasty (206BC to AD220), and became the sole criterion for selection from the 7th century until its abolition in 1905. Aspiring bureaucrats sat a three-day exam _____6______(lock) inside a single cell, in which they also slept and ate. The “eight-legged essay” was the most important paper, an argument in eight sections that elaborated on a theme while quoting from classics such as Confucius and Mencius. All applicants were checked for hidden scrolls; writing quotes on underwear was a popular form of cheating until examiners cottoned on. The pass rate was 1%. Nervous collapses were routine. There is even a ghost-deity associated with exams in China: Zhong Kui, a scholar who killed himself when he _____7______(deny) first place. While not a direct descendant, the gaokao is generally considered a distant relation of the keju. The gaokao is made up of four three-hour papers: Chinese, English, maths and a choice of either sciences (biology, chemistry, physics) or humanities (geography, history, politics). The questions are mostly multiple-choice or fill-in-the-gap, and are ______8_____ (notorious) hard – the maths paper has been compared to university-level maths in the UK. _____9______ is no surprise that, for many students, the pressure heaped on them by parents, teachers and themselves, is overwhelming. It is possible to retake the exam one year later, but if a student continues to fail there is no safety net or alternative path to university. Suicides are a regular feature of every exam season; a 2014 study claimed that exam stress was a contributing factor in 93% of cases in which school students took their own lives. Last year, a middle school in Hebei province fenced off its upper-floor dormitory balconies with grates, after two students jumped to their deaths in the months leading up to the gaokao. And the academic stress starts early – in July a 10-year-old boy tried to kill himself in oncoming traffic after fighting with his mother about homework. But still the study mill grinds on. In China, the gaokao is sometimes described as a dumuqiao, which translates as “single-log bridge” – a difficult path that everyone has to walk. But some have better shoes than others. Rich families lay on extra tutoring for their children in what Jiang Xueqin, a Canadian-Chinese education scholar, described as an “arms race” among households looking to increase their child’s chances. Provinces with larger populations have tougher standards of _____10_____ (enter) into the best universities, while those that are sparsely populated set a lower bar. (This loophole has led to illegal “gaokao migrants” transferring to schools in Inner Mongolia just before the exam.) Students in Beijing and Shanghai get special privileges – they are the beneficiaries of generous local quotas for the best universities – despite being more likely to be privileged anyway. Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughest school exam? From: The Guardian The gaokao is emblematic of the Chinese education system as a whole. In the west, it is often seen as monolithic and rote; in China as tough but fair. In Europe and America, there is the notion that Chinese schools produce automatons incapable of critical thought; in China, many seem to think that western classrooms are full of students standing on desks and ripping (rip) up textbooks, à la Dead Poets Society. Yet, where the Chinese model used to be roundly criticised for rewarding rote learning, now the system’s gruelling schedule and supposed (suppose) high standards are increasingly admired overseas. Thomas Friedman, the New York Times columnist, has praised Shanghai’s school system with at times absurd hyperbole. In China there are no illusions about the system being perfect. The exam is widely criticised for putting impossible pressures on children. Dissatisfaction with the gaokao is one reason that, among wealthier segments of the population, large numbers of students are choosing to study abroad. But, ultimately, most people support it, or at least see no alternative. “China has too many people,” is a common refrain, used to excuse everything from urban traffic to rural poverty. Given the intense competition for finite higher education resources, the argument goes, there has to be some way to separate the wheat from the chaff, and to give hardworking students from poorer backgrounds a chance to rise to the top. The tradition of a single exam that decides a young person’s prospects is one that goes back to antiquity in China. The imperial examinations or keju, which tested applicants for government office, was introduced in the Han dynasty (206BC to AD220), and became the sole criterion for selection from the 7th century until its abolition in 1905. Aspiring bureaucrats sat a three-day exam locked (lock) inside a single cell, in which they also slept and ate. The “eight-legged essay” was the most important paper, an argument in eight sections that elaborated on a theme while quoting from classics such as Confucius and Mencius. All applicants were checked for hidden scrolls; writing quotes on underwear was a popular form of cheating until examiners cottoned on. The pass rate was 1%. Nervous collapses were routine. There is even a ghost-deity associated with exams in China: Zhong Kui, a scholar who killed himself when he was denied (deny) first place. While not a direct descendant, the gaokao is generally considered a distant relation of the keju. The gaokao is made up of four three-hour papers: Chinese, English, maths and a choice of either sciences (biology, chemistry, physics) or humanities (geography, history, politics). The questions are mostly multiple-choice or fill-in-the-gap, and are nortoriously (notorious) hard – the maths paper has been compared to university-level maths in the UK. It is no surprise that, for many students, the pressure heaped on them by parents, teachers and themselves, is overwhelming. It is possible to retake the exam one year later, but if a student continues to fail there is no safety net or alternative path to university. Suicides are a regular feature of every exam season; a 2014 study claimed that exam stress was a contributing factor in 93% of cases in which school students took their own lives. Last year, a middle school in Hebei province fenced off its upper-floor dormitory balconies with grates, after two students jumped to their deaths in the months leading up to the gaokao. And the academic stress starts early – in July a 10-year-old boy tried to kill himself in oncoming traffic after fighting with his mother about homework. But still the study mill grinds on. In China, the gaokao is sometimes described as a dumuqiao, which translates as “single-log bridge” – a difficult path that everyone has to walk. But some have better shoes than others. Rich families lay on extra tutoring for their children in what Jiang Xueqin, a Canadian-Chinese education scholar, described as an “arms race” among households looking to increase their child’s chances. Provinces with larger populations have tougher standards of entry (enter) into the best universities, while those that are sparsely populated set a lower bar. (This loophole has led to illegal “gaokao migrants” transferring to schools in Inner Mongolia just before the exam.) Students in Beijing and Shanghai get special privileges – they are the beneficiaries of generous local quotas for the best universities – despite being more likely to be privileged anyway. 中国的高考是世界上最难的学校考试吗？ 高考是整个中国教育体系的象征。在西方，它经常被视为铁板一块、死记硬背；在中国，这是艰难但公平的。在欧洲和美国，有一种观念认为，中国的学校产生了无法批判性思维的机器人；在中国，许多人似乎认为西方的教室里挤满了站在桌子上撕毁课本的学生，就像死亡诗社一样。然而，在中国模式过去因奖励死记硬背而受到严厉批评的地方，现在该系统令人疲惫的时间表和所谓的高标准在海外越来越受到钦佩。《纽约时报》专栏作家托马斯·弗里德曼（Thomas Friedman）有时用荒谬的夸张来赞扬上海的学校制度。 在中国，人们对这个体系的完善不抱任何幻想。这次考试因给孩子们带来不可能的压力而受到广泛批评。对高考的不满是在富裕人群中，大量学生选择出国留学的原因之一。但最终，大多数人支持它，或者至少看不到其他选择。“中国人太多了，”这是一句常见的口头禅，用来为从城市交通到农村贫困的一切开脱。有观点认为，鉴于对有限高等教育资源的激烈竞争，必须有某种方法来区分小麦和谷壳，并给来自贫困背景的勤奋学生一个晋升的机会。 决定年轻人前途的单一考试的传统在中国可以追溯到古代。科举考试或科举考试是在汉代（公元前206年至公元220年）引入的，从7世纪到1905年被废除，科举考试成为唯一的选拔标准。雄心勃勃的官僚们在一间牢房里参加了为期三天的考试，他们也在牢房里睡觉和吃饭。“八条腿的文章”是最重要的论文，分八节论述一个主题，同时引用孔子和孟子等经典。所有申请者都接受了隐藏卷轴的检查；在内衣上写引号是一种很流行的作弊方式，直到考官意识到了这一点。通过率为1%。神经衰弱是家常便饭。在中国，甚至还有一个与考试有关的鬼神：钟馗，一个在被剥夺第一名时自杀的学者。 虽然不是直系后裔，但高考通常被认为是科举的远亲。高考由四篇三小时的试卷组成：语文、英语、数学，以及科学（生物、化学、物理）或人文（地理、历史、政治）。这些问题大多是多项选择题或填空题，而且难度众所周知——数学试卷被比作英国大学水平的数学。 毫不奇怪，对许多学生来说，家长、老师和他们自己给他们施加的压力是巨大的。一年后重新参加考试是可能的，但如果学生继续不及格，就没有安全网或其他上大学的途径。自杀是每个考试季的常见特征；2014年的一项研究声称，在93%的学生自杀的案例中，考试压力是一个促成因素。去年，在高考前的几个月里，两名学生跳楼身亡，河北省一所中学用格栅将宿舍楼上的阳台围了起来。学业压力很早就开始了——7月，一名10岁的男孩因家庭作业问题与母亲发生争执，试图在迎面而来的车流中自杀。但学习工厂仍在继续。 在中国，高考有时被描述为独木桥，翻译过来就是“独木桥”——一条每个人都必须走的艰难道路。但有些人的鞋子比其他人好。加拿大华裔教育学者蒋学勤称，富裕家庭为孩子提供额外辅导，这是希望增加孩子机会的家庭之间的“军备竞赛”。人口较多的省份进入最好大学的标准更高，而人口稀少的省份则设定了更低的门槛。（这一漏洞导致非法的“高考移民”在考试前转到内蒙古的学校。）北京和上海的学生获得了特权——他们是当地最好大学慷慨配额的受益者——尽管他们更有可能获得特权。 生词积累 emblematic adj.象征的；可当标志的 monolithic adj.整体的；巨石的，庞大的；完全统一的 rote n.死记硬背；习惯的过程，机械式的过程 gruelling adj.折磨人的；繁重累人的；使人精疲力尽的 segment n.部分，片段 refrain v.克制，避免 n.（诗歌的）叠句，（歌曲的）副歌；叠歌部分的音乐伴奏；经常重复的评价（或抱怨） aspiring adj.有抱负的；渴望从事……的 elaborate v.详细说明，详尽阐述；精心制作 descendant n.后裔，子孙 notorious adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的 beneficiary n.受益者，受惠人 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$