2025届高三英语一轮复习外刊改编语法填空题百日Day 19 & Day 20

原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 19 Global health A paper in the Lancet（柳叶刀）, compares countries' rates of physical activity. The study it describes, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University of Pelotas, in Brazil, is _____1_____(complete) portrait yet of the world's busy bees and couch potatoes. It suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have conspired _____2_____ (create) a world in _____3_____ the flexing of muscles is more and more an option rather than a _____4_____ (necessary). But only recently have enough good data _____5_____ (collect) from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in. _____6_____ all, they were able to pool data from 122 countries, covering 89% of the world's population. They considered sufficient physical activity to be 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week, 20 minutes of vigorous exercise three days a week, or some combination of _____7_____ two. There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men—34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. _____8_____ there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen. Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise. Swaziland and Saudi Arabia slouch in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, by contrast, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, America does not live up to its sluggish reputation. Six Americans in ten are sufficiently active by Dr Hallal's definition, compared with fewer than four in ten Britons. In an accompanying analysis of people's habits, Dr Hallal found equally wide differences. In South-East Asia fewer than a quarter sit for at least four hours each day; in Europe 64% do. And even neighbours may differ. Only 2% of Swiss walk to work, whereas 23% of Germans do so. These high rates of inactivity are _____9____ (worry).  Paradoxically, human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while _____10____ (eschew) it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it to be beneficial, while over-exercising would use up scarce calories to little advantage. But that no longer pertains. According to another paper in the Lancet, insufficient activity these days has nearly the same effect on life expectancy as smoking. Global health A paper in the Lancet（柳叶刀）, compares countries' rates of physical activity. The study it describes, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University of Pelotas, in Brazil, is the most complete (complete) portrait yet of the world's busy bees and couch potatoes. It suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have conspired to create (create) a world in which the flexing of muscles is more and more an option rather than a necessity (necessary). But only recently have enough good data been collected (collect) from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in. In all, they were able to pool data from 122 countries, covering 89% of the world's population. They considered sufficient physical activity to be 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week, 20 minutes of vigorous exercise three days a week, or some combination of the two. There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men—34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen. Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise. Swaziland and Saudi Arabia slouch in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, by contrast, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, America does not live up to its sluggish reputation. Six Americans in ten are sufficiently active by Dr Hallal's definition, compared with fewer than four in ten Britons. In an accompanying analysis of people's habits, Dr Hallal found equally wide differences. In South-East Asia fewer than a quarter sit for at least four hours each day; in Europe 64% do. And even neighbours may differ. Only 2% of Swiss walk to work, whereas 23% of Germans do so. These high rates of inactivity are worrying (worry).  Paradoxically, human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while eschewing (eschew) it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it to be beneficial, while over-exercising would use up scarce calories to little advantage. But that no longer pertains. According to another paper in the Lancet, insufficient activity these days has nearly the same effect on life expectancy as smoking. 全球健康 《柳叶刀》的一篇文章对世界各国人民进行体育锻炼的比率做了一个比较。文章中的研究由巴西佩洛塔斯联邦大学的Pedro Hallal主导，是迄今为止对世界上的勤劳之人和懒虫最为完整的描绘。研究显示，世界上有将近三分之一的成年人缺乏锻炼。 人们的锻炼比率有所下降这并不是什么新发现。自从工业革命开始后，科技和经济发展合谋创造了一个新世界，在这个世界里，锻炼身体越来越成为人们的一种选择，而非迫切的需要。但直到最近，Hallal博士和他的同事才从足够多的地区收集到了充足的数据来进行这类分析研究。 Hallal博士和他的同事总共收集了122个国家的数据，覆盖了89%的世界人口。他们认为，充足的体育锻炼应该是每周五天进行半小时的适量运动，或是每周三天进行20分钟的激烈运动，或者对这两者进行适当结合。不同的地区出现了同样的模式。富裕国家的人比那些贫穷国家的人锻炼得更少，老人比年轻人锻炼得更少，这一点在意料之中。但较为隐秘的一个现象是，女性通常比男性锻炼得少。女性懒惰人数占总人数的34%，而男性却只占了28%。 但是也有例外情况，如克罗地亚、芬兰、伊拉克、卢森堡这几个国家的女性锻炼得就比本国男性同胞多。马耳他有72%的成年人缺乏锻炼，成为世界上最懒的国家。斯威士兰和沙特阿拉伯紧随其后，懒惰人数占全国的69%。相比之下，孟加拉国只有5%的成年人缺乏锻炼。让人吃惊的是，美国竟然没有人们所说的那么懒。根据Hallal博士的标准，十个美国人中有六个拥有足够的锻炼，而相比之下，十个英国人中拥有足够锻炼的人还不到四个。 同时Hallal博士还对人们的生活习惯进行了分析，发现在这方面不同地区的人差别也很大。在东南亚，每天至少坐四小时的人不到四分之一，但在欧洲这样的人却占了总人口的64%。而且即使是邻国之间差别也很大。在瑞士，只有2%的人走路上班，但在德国却有23%的人这样做。 这么高的懒惰率实在令人担忧。人类似乎已经进化到一种自相矛盾状态，尽管运动十分有益，但人类却唯恐避之不及。在自然状态下，缺乏锻炼的生活是不可能对人有益的，但过度锻炼又可能耗尽宝贵的卡路里，对人体无益。但现在这种说法已经不再适用现代人了。《柳叶刀》中的另一篇文章称，缺乏锻炼对寿命造成的影响几乎和抽烟差不多。 生词积累 portrait n.（尤指只刻画脸、头和肩部的）肖像，照片，雕像；描绘 couch potato 指那些喜欢在家里看电视、玩电子游戏或者上网，而不愿意进行户外活动的人。 conspire v.密谋，共谋；共同导致 flex v.弯曲，曲折（四肢，关节）； necessity n.必需品，必需的事物；必要，需要；必然性 moderate adj.普通的，中等的；不偏激的，温和的；有节制的， slothful adj.怠惰的，懒惰的；迟钝的 slouch in close behind 紧随其后 sluggish adj.缓慢的，迟钝的，懒惰的 sufficiently adv.充分地，足够地 paradoxically adv.自相矛盾地； eschew vt.避免；避开；远避 life expectancy 预期寿命 pertain v.适用 原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 20 The climate crisis is raising your grocery bills From: The Guardian Families around the world are struggling with higher grocery costs and electricity and heating bills. _____1_____ they may not realize is that rising inflation is _____2_____(increase) driven by another global crisis: climate change. Last year, the United States _____3_____ (incur) over $2bn in costs due to 20 climate-related extreme weather events, from Hurricane Ian to heatwaves and drought. Lumber, cotton, tomatoes, wheat and energy – and _____4_____ products they generate, from denim jeans to your Italian takeout dinner – were all affected by these events and are now more expensive than this time last year. Climate-driven extreme weather and disasters are now more frequently responsible for production _____5_____ (shortage), supply chain disruptions, and labor issues that lead to higher costs of living. The cost of food is particularly susceptible to climate-related shocks like droughts, floods or wildfires. For example, the cost of eggs in the US rose by 60% in 2022. In addition to increased demand and a spike in avian flu, climate-fueled droughts and heatwaves made growing chicken feed 30% more expensive. Climate change has also harmed the growth of cotton in Texas, oranges in Florida and tomatoes in California. Around the world, this affects lower-income people the most; they tend to spend a greater share of their income on food. In developing countries, communities will feel the effects of climate change on their wallets and livelihoods even _____6_____ (severe): the price of food _____7_____ (soar) over 24% in Nigeria and 62.7% in Egypt in the past years.  Aside _____8_____ challenges to food production, climate change is disrupting labor and transportation in the global supply chain. Heatwaves, wildfires, power and internet outages have already affected workers in warehouses, on the road and in home offices. While worker health and safety should always be a top _____9_____ (prior), the climate crisis is creating labor disruptions and shortages _____10_____ can drive up prices. The climate crisis is raising your grocery bills From: The Guardian Families around the world are struggling with higher grocery costs and electricity and heating bills. What they may not realize is that rising inflation is increasingly (increase) driven by another global crisis: climate change. Last year, the United States incurred (incur) over $2bn in costs due to 20 climate-related extreme weather events, from Hurricane Ian to heatwaves and drought. Lumber, cotton, tomatoes, wheat and energy – and the products they generate, from denim jeans to your Italian takeout dinner – were all affected by these events and are now more expensive than this time last year. Climate-driven extreme weather and disasters are now more frequently responsible for production shortages (shortage), supply chain disruptions, and labor issues that lead to higher costs of living. The cost of food is particularly susceptible to climate-related shocks like droughts, floods or wildfires. For example, the cost of eggs in the US rose by 60% in 2022. In addition to increased demand and a spike in avian flu, climate-fueled droughts and heatwaves made growing chicken feed 30% more expensive. Climate change has also harmed the growth of cotton in Texas, oranges in Florida and tomatoes in California. Around the world, this affects lower-income people the most; they tend to spend a greater share of their income on food. In developing countries, communities will feel the effects of climate change on their wallets and livelihoods even more severely (severe): the price of food has soared (soar) over 24% in Nigeria and 62.7% in Egypt in the past years.  Aside from challenges to food production, climate change is disrupting labor and transportation in the global supply chain. Heatwaves, wildfires, power and internet outages have already affected workers in warehouses, on the road and in home offices. While worker health and safety should always be a top priority (prior), the climate crisis is creating labor disruptions and shortages which/that can drive up prices. 气候危机正在提高你的日常开支 全世界的家庭都在艰难应对食品杂货成本、电费和取暖费的上涨。他们可能没有意识到的是，不断上升的通货膨胀正日益受到另一场全球危机的推动：气候变化。  去年，美国因20起气候相关的极端天气事件（包括飓风伊恩、热浪侵袭和干旱等）造成了超20亿美元的损失。木材、棉花、西红柿、小麦和能源——以及相应的产成品，从单宁牛仔裤到你的意大利外卖晚餐——都受到了这些事件的影响，它们现在的价格比去年同期的价格更贵了。气候导致的极端天气和灾害现在更频繁地造成产量减少、供应链中断和劳动力问题，从而导致生活成本更高。 粮食成本特别容易受到干旱、洪水或野火等气候冲击的影响。例如，2022年美国鸡蛋的价格上涨60%。除了需求增加和禽流感爆发这两个因素，气候导致的干旱和热浪也使养鸡的饲料成本上升30%。气候变化也对德克萨斯州的棉花、佛罗里达州的橙子和加利福尼亚州的西红柿的生长造成了损失。 全世界低收入人群受此影响最大；这类人群的收入花在食品上的钱往往更多。在发展中国家，社区的人群的钱包和生计对这场气候变化造成的影响感受更为强烈：过去的几年，尼日利亚和埃及的食品价格分别上涨了24%和62.7%。 除了粮食生产面临挑战，气候变化正在破坏全球供应链中的劳动力和运输环节。热浪、野火、电力和互联网中断已经影响到在仓库、公路运输和居家办公的工作者们。虽然工人的健康和安全始终应该是重中之重，但气候危机正在造成劳动力中断和短缺，这可能会进一步推高（产品和服务的）价格。 生词积累 inflation n.通货膨胀 incur v.带来（成本、花费等）；招致，遭受 disruption n.扰乱，中断 susceptible adj.易得病的，易受影响的 spike n.猛增，急升 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$