Unit 4 课时作业(3)(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(三) (限时：35分钟) GRAND PRIZE WINNER： Florian Schmidt Florian Schmidt received undergraduate degrees from the University of Heidelberg and a PhD from ETH Zürich.His research focuses on the development of technologies in the fields of genome engineering, transcriptional recording, and gene therapy(疗法)． CATEGORY WINNER：ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT Stefany Moreno-Gámez Stefany Moreno-Gámez received an undergraduate degree from Universidad de los Andes and a PhD from the University of Groningen and ETH Zürich.She is currently a postdoctoral fellow at Cambridge University.Her research focuses on how dietary and host-derived glycans(有机化学：聚糖) shape ecological and evolutionary dynamics(动力学) in the gut microbiome(肠道微生物群)． CATEGORY WINNER：CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY James Daly James Daly received an undergraduate and PhD degrees from the University of Bristol.After completing his studies, he received a Wellcome Early Career Award fellowship and moved to the Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London.His current research continues to explore the molecular interface between neuropilin receptors and viruses and the potential for antiviral inhibition of this process. CATEGORY WINNER：MOLECULAR MEDICINE Daniele Simoneschi Daniele Simoneschi received an undergraduate degree from Manhattanville College and MPhil and PhD degrees from the Vilcek Institute at New York University (NYU)．He is a research assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at NYU, where he explores molecular and cellular mechanisms by which cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases regulate cell cycle execution. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人。本文为应用文，介绍了几位奖项获得者和获得的奖项。 1．Which column of a magazine is this text probably taken from? A．News & Business. B．Law & Order. C．Science & Future. D．Sports & Entertainment. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，这些奖项都和科学有关，所以这篇文章可能摘自杂志的科学与未来这一栏，故选C项。 2．What is special about Stefany Moreno-Gámez? A．She got a Wellcome Early Career Award fellowship. B．She is the only female scientist among the four winners. C．She studied in the Vilcek Institute at New York University as a student. D．She focuses on the development of technologies related to gene therapy. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。通读全文可知，他们四人中只有Stefany Moreno-Gámez是女性，故选B项。 3．Who works in the USA now according to the text? A．Florian Schmidt. B．Stefany Moreno-Gámez. C．James Daly. D．Daniele Simoneschi. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据CATEGORY WINNER：MOLECULAR MEDICINE部分的介绍可知，Daniele Simoneschi现在在美国工作，故选D项。 It was a snowy day during the spring break when I walked into a great restaurant.In this blizzard weather, it was the only restaurant that remained open. The restaurant has a long history in Hong Kong.Its owners, the couple, Peter and Michelle, have been running the restaurant since 2007. “Things have changed a lot in the past 30 years，” Peter said.“Chinese students 20 years ago thought that a 70-cent bowl of rice was too expensive, but now a $20 meal is acceptable.” He also said that the new generation of Chinese students engaged with other students, bringing all their non-Chinese friends to visit the restaurant. Peter takes great pride in his own cooking.He was curious about how the food was made and why particular foods or sauces had specific tastes.He chose to serve mainly Guangdong and Sichuan food at the restaurant, featuring the family-style Chinese dim sum or hot pot. When I asked whether he would modify the taste of the dishes to suit the taste of most Americans, Peter said, “We are not like those American Chinese restaurants.We provide the genuine Chinese taste to our customers, and they will love it because it is delicious, and their taste will suit the taste of our dishes, not the other way around.” “If I hear complaints from my customers, I will be so upset that I can't fall asleep at night，” he said.“Luckily most of my favorite dishes received wide acclaim(赞扬) from my customers and it takes more than one person's effort.” He compares himself with the craftsmen in China who are proud of preserving ancient Chinese art and whose motivation is only on people's enjoyment of their work and thought. Such a spirit of craftsmanship has been remarkable and greatly valued in the past.The craftsman's spirit with perfection, precision, concentration, and patience remains in Peter and his cooking. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为新闻报道，主要讲述了香港Peter和Michelle夫妇开的餐馆，并赞扬了Peter坚持原汁原味地做好中国传统食品的工匠精神。 4．How long have the couple been running the restaurant? A．17 years.　　　　　 B．20 years. C．30 years. D．70 years. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，自从2007年至今(2024年)已有17年之久，故选A项。 5．Why is the restaurant different from other American Chinese restaurants? A．Its customers are mainly Chinese. B．It adjusts the taste according to the customers. C．Its menu merely contains Guangdong and Sichuan food. D．It sticks to its original taste of the dishes. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中Peter说的话可知，这家餐厅坚持菜肴的原汁原味，故选D项。 6．What can we know about Peter from the passage? A．He believes that cooking just needs one person's effort. B．He takes pride in cooking the best typical Chinese cuisine. C．He shows an interest in preserving ancient Chinese art. D．He doesn't care about the customers' complaints at all. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段首句和倒数第二段可知，Peter以做最好的经典的中国菜而自豪，故选B项。 7．In which part of the newspaper can you read the passage? A．Geography. B．Art. C．Food. D．Literature. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。本文主要讲述了香港Peter和Michelle夫妇开的餐馆，并赞扬了Peter坚持原汁原味地做好中国传统食品的工匠精神，由此可推知，它来自食品专栏，故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Have you ever noticed that when two colleagues prepare for similar presentations, the 　1　 of the work is the same, but one works better? Morten Hansen has such a 　2　 experience.“When I was at a company in London, I worked really hard and tried to 　3　，” he says.“And I did.But I found my colleagues working more 　4　 than I was, and they also performed slightly better.That made me confused.” The 　5　 stayed with him and he 　6　 to find the answers.He carried out a study, 　7　 more than 5,000 managers and employees over five years to figure out how they worked, and what 　8　 it had on their performance. After the data was analyzed, some surprising conclusions appeared.“We think that by doing more, we will 　9　 more，” he says.“Actually, what we've found is that top performers do the 　10　.They are very selective.They do less, and then they excel(突出) in those few things and that's 　11　 they outperform the rest.It's almost a contrariant(相反的) view on how you are 　12　 to work and perform.” Do less to perform better—that indeed has its 　13　.But what if your boss doesn't 　14　 it and keeps piling(堆放) on the work？“Say ‘No’ in a(n) 　15　 manner.” Hansen suggests. 1．A．function B．nature C．method D．process 2．A.personal B．regular C．professional D．valuable 3．A.participate B．succeed C．relax D．cooperate 4．A.positively B．carefully C．efficiently D．firmly 5．A.secret B．expectation C．doubt D．belief 6．A.determined B．hesitated C．offered D．failed 7．A.recalling B．instructing C．surveying D．employing 8．A.impression B．judgement C．comment D．effect 9．A.achieve B．reserve C．spend D．satisfy 10．A.extra B．familiar C．complex D．opposite 11．A.where B．how C．what D．when 12．A.advised B．reminded C．persuaded D．supposed 13．A.basis B．appeal C．condition D．weakness 14．A.treat B．guarantee C．buy D．manage 15．A.appropriate B．humorous C．anxious D．extreme 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/做人与做事。本文为议论文。作者结合Morten Hansen的个人经历和调研发现：人们在少做一些事的情况下，精力更集中，效率更高，会把事情做得更好。 1.答案　B 解析　根据上文的similar presentations可知，两人的工作性质(nature)相同，但其中一人完成得更好。 2.答案　A 解析　对此，Morten Hansen也有类似的个人(personal)经历。 3.答案　B 解析　Morten Hansen 在伦敦的一家公司时，他努力工作并力图取得成功(succeed)。 4.答案　C 解析　Morten Hansen发现同事比他效率高(efficiently)，工作完成得也比他好。 5.答案　C 解析　这使得Morten Hansen很困惑，这个疑惑(doubt)一直困扰着他。 6.答案　A 解析　他下决心(determine)去找到解开自己困惑的答案。 7.答案　C 解析　Morten Hansen开展了一项研究，在五年多的时间里调查了(survey)5 000多名经理人和员工。 8.答案　D 解析　Morten Hansen 想知道他们是如何工作的，以及他们的工作方式对他们的工作表现有何影响(effect)。 9.答案　A 解析　我们原以为只要做得多，我们就能取得(achieve)更大的成就。 10.答案　D 解析　研究结果发现，恰恰相反(opposite)，工作中表现最佳的人并没有兼顾很多事，他们做事是有选择的。 11.答案　B 解析　本句是一个表语从句，用连接副词how引导从句强调方式方法。这些在工作中表现好的人工作得少而精，这就是他们超过其他人的方法(how)。 12.答案　D 解析　这个研究结果对于人们应该(be supposed to)如何工作，如何表现来说，是一个相反的观点。 13.答案　B 解析　事做得少一些以便更有效率，这个说法当然有其吸引力(appeal)。 14.答案　C 解析　但如果老板并不买账(buy)，并不断地把工作推给你，该怎么办？ 15.答案　A 解析　Morten Hansen 建议，面对老板的发难，应该以恰当的(appropriate)的方式拒绝。 Ⅲ.语法填空 I didn't know how powerful a tool humor could be till the day I 1. (accidental) discovered it.I remember I was 16 years old or so, and like most 2. (teenager), I too was a difficult kid.My careless attitude would get on my mom's nerves, leading to huge fights.For me, it felt like she hated me and picked on every move 3. I made. It was on a regular day, in the middle of the day's fight, when my mom shouted at the top of her voice as I had again forgotten to wipe the floor after my shower.And not 4. my surprise, she had slipped on it again.As she came to me 5. (scream), I remember holding her face in my hands all of 6. sudden and expressing as I teased her, “Oh, did you fall again? Sorry！” to which she shouted, “Of course I did！” Looking at each other for a second we began laughing and that was the first time that our fight 7. (end) on a good note.It was on that day that I realized how my harsh(尖刻的) words were only adding fuel to the fire when all it needed was a little humor. Conflicts cannot be avoided 8. talking about a relationship.Although it does spice up relation, just like too much of anything is bad, too many conflicts do a lot of harm to a relationship.This is the time when humor can act as its role 9. (ease) the situation and help share some lighter moments of fun.So 10. (laugh) or humor is the best medicine. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/家庭生活。本文为议论文，主要讨论了幽默在解决家庭矛盾中的作用，作者通过讲述自身的经历来论证幽默的重要性和作用。 1．答案　accidentally　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：直到有一天我偶然发现了幽默，我才知道它是一种多么强大的工具。此处作状语修饰动词discovered，应用副词accidentally“偶然”。 2．答案　teenagers　 解析　考查名词的数。句意：我记得我16岁左右，和大多数青少年一样，我也是一个很难相处的孩子。teenager是可数名词，空前有most，应用复数形式。 3．答案　that　 解析　考查引导词。句意：对我来说，感觉她讨厌我，对我的一举一动都吹毛求疵。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词为move，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词前有不定代词every修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。 4．答案　to　 解析　考查介词。句意：不出我所料，她又滑倒了。to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是，为固定搭配。 5．答案　screaming　 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：当她尖叫着向我走来时，我记得我突然把她的脸捧在手里，一边逗她，一边说：“哦，你又摔倒了吗？对不起！”此处非谓语动词作状语，主语she和动词scream之间为主谓关系，用现在分词形式。 6．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句意参见上题解析。all of a sudden突然，为固定搭配。 7．答案　ended 解析　考查时态。句意：我们彼此对视了一会儿，笑了起来，那是我们第一次以愉快的方式结束争吵。此处是从句谓语动词，根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般过去时。 8．答案　when　 解析　考查引导词。句意：在谈论一段关系时，冲突是无法避免的。根据句意可知，空处为连词，表示“当……的时候”，用连接词when。 9．答案　to ease　 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：这个时候，幽默可以起到缓和局面的作用，并帮助分享一些轻松有趣的时刻。非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词role和动词ease之间为主谓关系，用动词不定式形式。 10．答案　laughter　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：所以笑或幽默是最好的药。此处作主语，应用名词laughter，由is可知，应用名词单数形式。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$