Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 限制性定语从句(3) 用适当的关系词填空 1．(教材P4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2．(教材P4)After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 3．(教材P4)Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 4．The reason why I'm phoning you is to invite you to a party. 5．I'll never forget the last day that we spent together. 6．This is the very novel about which we've talked so much. 7．This is Mr John for whom I bought a book yesterday. 8．Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea? [自我感知] (1)以上句子都是 限制性定语从句 。 (2)关系代词指人又在从句中作主语用 who/that ，如句2。 (3)关系副词when, where，why 引导定语从句分别指时间、地点、原因，并在从句中作 状语 ，如句1、3、4。 (4)介词后用关系代词whom指 人 ，which指 物 ，如句 6、7 。 (5)关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作 定语 ，如句 8 。 (6)用that 不用which的情况，如句 5 。 一、定语从句的概述 定语从句 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 关系词 关系代词 who；whom；whose；which；that；as 关系副词 when；where；why ►This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 ►The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy's English teacher. 在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。 ►I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妇，他们的孩子经常吵闹。 ►I grew up in a small village where everybody knew me. 我在一个小村庄上长大，那里的每个人都认识我。 [提示] 先行词与关系词 1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 3．关系词通常有下列三个作用： (1)引导定语从句； (2)代替先行词； (3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。 4．关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语；关系副词在从句中作状语。 [即时训练1]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)(2024·1月浙江)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. (2)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. (3)(2023·1月浙江)Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 二、关系代词和关系副词的区别 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法： 依　据 用　法 根据从句的谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词，则用关系副词 根据关系词在从句中所作成分 把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语，用关系副词 ►I visited the village where many children couldn't go to school because of poverty.(作状语)我参观了那个村庄，在那里，很多孩子由于贫困不能上学。 ►I visited the village which/that is famous for its beautiful scenery.(作主语) 我参观了那个村庄，它以美丽的景色而闻名。 ►I will never forget the days when we lived in the countryside.(作时间状语) 我永远不会忘记我们住在乡下的那些日子。 ►I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the countryside. (作宾语)我永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的那些日子。 [即时训练2]——用适当的关系词填空 (1)One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (2)The reason why he dropped out of school was that he didn't get along well with his classmates. (3)(2023·新课标Ⅱ改编)Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find. 三、介词＋关系代词 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个结构中，介词的确定原则是： 1．依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 ►He is the man on whom you can rely. 他是你可以信赖的人。 ►Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar. 杰克向我介绍了我不太熟悉的那个朋友。 2．依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。 ►I'll never forget the days on which we worked together in the countryside. 我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。 3．依据所表达的意思来确定。 ►The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house. 这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。 4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 ►Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.茱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三样她都说得流利。 [提示] 在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(√) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(×) [即时训练3]——单句语法填空 (1)The lab in which they worked has poor air quality. (2)We're amazed at the means by which ancient Egyptians moved the stones. (3)He has three sons, the youngest of whom is very clever. (4)Your friends also influence the way in which you view your physical appearance. 四、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。 ►Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ ►All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。 2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 ►The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 ►This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。 3．当先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 ►I've read all the books that are not mine. 我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。 ►The only thing that she could do was to turn to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 ►I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。 4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。 ►We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 [即时训练4]——补全句子 (1)这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the most beautiful park (that) I have visited . (2)她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。 She took photographs of the things and people (that) she was interested in . (3)我的母亲为我所做的一切感到骄傲，她奖励我去北京旅行。 My mother was so proud of all (that) I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. Ⅰ.选词填空 1．He hasn't got enough money with which he can buy the computer.(that/which) 2．The book he had been looking for was found.(不填/for) 3．This is the very letter that I am looking for.(that/which) 4．I like this activity I used to take part in .(in/不填) 5．This is the best hotel in the city that I know.(that/which) 6．The big ship sank in the area where there were not many storms.(where/which) Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The runner whom/who/that you are asking about is over there. 2．She is the engineer whose work is considered to be the best here. 3．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected. 4．That is a country whose culture is quite different from that of China. 5．Please tell me the reason why you were late for the train. 6．The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday is a friend of my father. 7．According to the author, those who enjoy reading will never feel lonely. 8．They were talking about the persons and things that they could remember in their former school. 9．The palace that/which was built three hundred years ago is now in bad condition. 10．Mr Chen is now in a situation where he will have to leave the company as soon as possible. Ⅲ.用定语从句合并句子 1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now. →Do you know the man who/that spoke to the headmaster just now ? 2．I have seen the film.They're talking about the film. →I have seen the film that/which they're talking about . 3．The day came at last.We have been looking forward to the day. →The day which/that we have been looking forward to came at last. 4．My grandparents live in the biggest house.It is more than 100 years old. →My grandparents live in the biggest house that is more than 100 years old . 5．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river. →We settled down in a small village in front of which ran a winding river. 1　(教材P6)We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.我们在大金字塔的入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。 entrance　n．入口；进入；进入资格；进入许可 ①the entrance to＋地点　……的入口 the college entrance examination 高考 ②enter v．进入 enter the room 进入房间 enter for 报名参加 (2022·全国乙)A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education.所有全日制教育的学生均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。 [提示] “the ＋n.＋ to”结构 the answer to the question　问题的答案 the key to… ……的关键 the solution to… ……的方法 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)After he found the entrance to the building, he entered the hall without making a sound.(enter) (2)As far as I'm concerned, the key to success is to work hard. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)如果你有空，今天晚上7点我将在音乐厅的入口处和你见面。 If you are free, I'll meet you at the entrance to the music hall at 7：00 this evening. 2　(教材P6) He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. 他向我们解释了建造如此难做的结构的过程。 process　n．过程；进程；步骤；工序 vt.处理；加工；审核 [语义感知]——写出句中process的词性和含义 (1)(2022·天津)A good life is a process, not a state of being；a direction, not a destination.　n．过程　 (2)This was the first stage of the printing process.　n．工序，步骤　 (3)(2022·新课标Ⅱ)Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation(确认) email within two business days.　vt.审核　 (4)Food is not allowed into the park unless it is packaged, unopened and ready to be eaten without any preparation or processing.　vt.加工；处理　 ①in the process of　在……的过程中 a slow and long process 一个漫长的过程 ②be processed into 被加工成…… [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)在帮助别人的过程中，我也可以一点一点地推动自己前进。 In the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$