必修二 Unit 1 Section II Discovering Useful Structures（导学案)-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第二册）

必修二UNIT 1 Cultural Heritage（学案） Section II Discovering Useful Structures 2022年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的主题为 “人与社会” 中的 “历史、社会与文化”，通过介绍文化遗产的重要性和保护方法，引导学生关注社会问题，增强社会责任感。学案中包括记叙文、说明文等不同语篇类型，例如 “FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS” 是一篇说明文，介绍了文化遗产保护的案例和方法, 通过学习不同语篇类型，学生能够提高阅读理解和写作能力强调文化遗产保护的重要性和方法。 1. 通过电话、电子邮件、明信片等媒介，预定旅行行程、交流旅行计划，能理解并正确运用现在进行时表示将来的计划； 2. 能够通过角色扮演，口头分享讨论成果；通过口语表达练习新闻采访时应记录的内容，能够自然得体地启动交谈或讨论。； 3. 能够顺利阅读描述事件发展过程的叙事文本，理解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；能够掌握新闻报道的常见文体结构、标题特征和语言特点，学会使用新闻报道中的常见语言结构； 4. 能够写简单的新闻报道； 5. 能够通过浏览图形、图像、视频、音频甚至现场的实物、场景等相关图文内容，快速获取关键信息。 读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性。 [自主感知] 1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2．After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 3．Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 4．This is the film which created a great sensation. [我的发现] 1．句②④中的定语从句分别由关系________ who和which 引导，并在定语从句中作________。 2．句①③中的定语从句分别由关系________when 和 where 引导，并在定语从句中作____________________。 一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1．限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。 ①This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。 ②I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妇，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。 2．非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 ①The novel, which I read last night，is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。 ②I like to have a chat with Jack, who is a clever boy. 我喜欢和杰克聊天，他是个聪明人。 [牛刀小试1]　补全句子 ①她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。 Her sister, ________________________， will go abroad next year. ②她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 She has found the necklace ________________________________． ③一个班级就像一个大家庭， 在这个大家庭里我应该与其他人好好相处。 A class is like a family ________________________________________________． 二、限制性定语从句的两种用法 1．定语从句中关系词的省略 (1)定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时， 关系词通常省略。 ①Who is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁？ (2)当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时， 可以省略。 ②China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 (3)先行词是way, reason等，且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因状语时， 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that等可以省略。 ③After a while, she apologized for the way(that/in which) she behaved at the beginning. 过了一会， 她为自己刚开始的行为道歉。 ④The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation. 他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。 (4)由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时， 第一个关系词可以省略， 但第二、三个一般不可以省略。 ⑤The book (which) you are reading and which is read by many young people is written by Mark Twain. 你正在读的并且被许多年轻人读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。 [牛刀小试2]　补全句子 ①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the most beautiful park ________________________． ②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。 She took photographs of the things and people ________________________________． ③只有改变我们对待环境的方式，我们才能与它相处得很好。 Only by changing the way ____________________________________ can we get along well with it. 2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。 选用介词的四个依据： (1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语) ①Yesterday we visited the West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for“因……而出名”) (2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语) ②This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera“用照相机”) ③The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident. 金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company) (3)根据句子的意思来选择 ④The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。 (4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 ⑤There are 50 students in our class, all of whom work hard and behave well. 我们班有50名学生， 我们都学习很努力， 并且表现很好。 (5)根据意思也可用复杂介词， 如 as a result of, in front of, in the back of等。 ⑥I am good at spoken English, as a result of which I can communicate with foreigners fluently. 我擅长英语口语， 因此我能够流利地和外国人交流。 (6)“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词” 引导的定语从句， 可与“whose＋名词”替换。 ⑦We've planned to hold an English drama festival, the theme of which/of which the theme is Love English & Love Drama. →We've planned to hold an English drama festival, whose theme is Love English & Love Drama. 我们计划举办一个英语戏剧节， 它的主题是“爱英语， 爱戏剧”。 [名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) [牛刀小试3]　用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①Chinese medicine is part of our Chinese traditional culture, the value ________ is gradually recognized by the world. ②You should make some Chinese friends ________ you can communicate frequently. ③It has been my ideal university, ________ I have studied hard for many years. ④I plan to do many things, one ________ is making a trip to some places of interest together with my good friends. 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 一、语法填空 1．Gone are the days surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies. 2．Who was the man we saw at yesterday’s meeting? 3．The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. 4．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark. 5．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 6．They made a resolution to go on a hike to a place there was neither noise nor pollution. 7．As you can see, the reason I' m here to tell the story is 8．A group of scientists study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. 9．He wants a job his management skills can be used. 10．Henry remembers the day well. It was a day would change his life. 11．In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 12．Be sure to carefully evaluate every school has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for (apply) to each school. 13．The reason he told me is well-known. 14．I still remember the day we spent together in Beijing. 15．For those fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 16．The news he told us is surprising. 17．Milo especially liked going to the railway station near their home during rush hour, ________ commuting (通勤) was challenging for most people. 18．The reason they chose a Chinese company is that China has one of the most advanced technologies of high speed railways in the world. 19．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2020. 20．The lazy boy is expecting a way he can get through the exams without hard work. 21．It’s such a difficult problem none of us can solve. 22．Gone are the days we spent time fishing and swimming in the unpolluted river. 23．We arrived in China we would have a great time. 24．He told me of the people and interesting things he had seen in America. 25．The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter rescued her from the fire. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修二UNIT 1 Cultural Heritage（学案） Section II Discovering Useful Structures 2022年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的主题为 “人与社会” 中的 “历史、社会与文化”，通过介绍文化遗产的重要性和保护方法，引导学生关注社会问题，增强社会责任感。学案中包括记叙文、说明文等不同语篇类型，例如 “FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS” 是一篇说明文，介绍了文化遗产保护的案例和方法, 通过学习不同语篇类型，学生能够提高阅读理解和写作能力强调文化遗产保护的重要性和方法。 1. 通过电话、电子邮件、明信片等媒介，预定旅行行程、交流旅行计划，能理解并正确运用现在进行时表示将来的计划； 2. 能够通过角色扮演，口头分享讨论成果；通过口语表达练习新闻采访时应记录的内容，能够自然得体地启动交谈或讨论。； 3. 能够顺利阅读描述事件发展过程的叙事文本，理解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；能够掌握新闻报道的常见文体结构、标题特征和语言特点，学会使用新闻报道中的常见语言结构； 4. 能够写简单的新闻报道； 5. 能够通过浏览图形、图像、视频、音频甚至现场的实物、场景等相关图文内容，快速获取关键信息。 读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性。 [自主感知] 1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 2．After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 3．Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. 4．This is the film which created a great sensation. [我的发现] 1．句②④中的定语从句分别由关系________ who和which 引导，并在定语从句中作________。 2．句①③中的定语从句分别由关系________when 和 where 引导，并在定语从句中作____________________。 一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1．限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。 ①This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。 ②I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妇，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。 2．非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 ①The novel, which I read last night，is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。 ②I like to have a chat with Jack, who is a clever boy. 我喜欢和杰克聊天，他是个聪明人。 [牛刀小试1]　补全句子 ①她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。 Her sister, ________________________， will go abroad next year. ②她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 She has found the necklace ________________________________． ③一个班级就像一个大家庭， 在这个大家庭里我应该与其他人好好相处。 A class is like a family ________________________________________________． 二、限制性定语从句的两种用法 1．定语从句中关系词的省略 (1)定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时， 关系词通常省略。 ①Who is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁？ (2)当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时， 可以省略。 ②China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 (3)先行词是way, reason等，且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因状语时， 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that等可以省略。 ③After a while, she apologized for the way(that/in which) she behaved at the beginning. 过了一会， 她为自己刚开始的行为道歉。 ④The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation. 他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。 (4)由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时， 第一个关系词可以省略， 但第二、三个一般不可以省略。 ⑤The book (which) you are reading and which is read by many young people is written by Mark Twain. 你正在读的并且被许多年轻人读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。 [牛刀小试2]　补全句子 ①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the most beautiful park ________________________． ②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。 She took photographs of the things and people ________________________________． ③只有改变我们对待环境的方式，我们才能与它相处得很好。 Only by changing the way ____________________________________ can we get along well with it. 2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。 选用介词的四个依据： (1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语) ①Yesterday we visited the West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for“因……而出名”) (2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语) ②This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera“用照相机”) ③The boss in whose company Mr. King worked heard about the accident. 金先生所工作的公司的老板听到了这起事故。(in the boss' company) (3)根据句子的意思来选择 ④The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。 (4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 ⑤There are 50 students in our class, all of whom work hard and behave well. 我们班有50名学生， 我们都学习很努力， 并且表现很好。 (5)根据意思也可用复杂介词， 如 as a result of, in front of, in the back of等。 ⑥I am good at spoken English, as a result of which I can communicate with foreigners fluently. 我擅长英语口语， 因此我能够流利地和外国人交流。 (6)“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词” 引导的定语从句， 可与“whose＋名词”替换。 ⑦We've planned to hold an English drama festival, the theme of which/of which the theme is Love English & Love Drama. →We've planned to hold an English drama festival, whose theme is Love English & Love Drama. 我们计划举办一个英语戏剧节， 它的主题是“爱英语， 爱戏剧”。 [名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) [牛刀小试3]　用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①Chinese medicine is part of our Chinese traditional culture, the value ________ is gradually recognized by the world. ②You should make some Chinese friends ________ you can communicate frequently. ③It has been my ideal university, ________ I have studied hard for many years. ④I plan to do many things, one ________ is making a trip to some places of interest together with my good friends. 答案：[我的发现] 1．代词　主语　2.副词　时间状语和地点状语 [牛刀小试1] ①who teaches us English　②(that) she lost two weeks ago ③where I should get along well with others [牛刀小试2] ①that I have visited　②that she was interested in　③in which we treat the environment [牛刀小试3] ①of which　②with whom　③for which　④of which 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 一、语法填空 1．Gone are the days surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：手术意味着给病人开刀的日子已经一去不复返了。现代医学为医生提供了侵入性较小的工具来对患病的身体进行手术。定语从句修饰先行词days，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 2．Who was the man we saw at yesterday’s meeting? 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：我们在昨天的会议上看到的那个人是谁？分析句子结构可知，此处需要填一个关系代词来引导定语从句，代替先行词“the man”在从句中充当宾语。在这种情况下，“who”、“whom”或“that”都可以用作关系代词。故who/whom/that 3．The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句，故填who或that。 4．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：夹克的边缘有一块在黑暗中会发光的布。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可以用that或which引导，故填that/which。 5．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们被它们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。________ had great experience with caring for these animals.是一个定语从句，先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语，指人，故填who。 6．They made a resolution to go on a hike to a place there was neither noise nor pollution. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们决定去一个既没有噪音也没有污染的地方远足。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词a place指的是地点，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 7．As you can see, the reason I' m here to tell the story is 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：正如你所看到的，我来这里讲述这个故事的原因是我做出了正确的决定。第1小题和第2小题为一句话（As you can see, the reason ___ I' m here to tell the story is ___ I made the right decision.），先行词the reason后接定语从句（______I' m here to tell the story），先行词在从句中做原因状语，应用关系副词why。故填why。 8．A group of scientists study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一组研究动物行为的科学家发现，动物也会投票决定是否捕猎。空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词scientists在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 9．He wants a job his management skills can be used. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他想找一份能发挥他管理才能的工作。句中先行词为job，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．Henry remembers the day well. It was a day would change his life. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亨利记得那一天，那是改变他一生的一天。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a day。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 11．In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊的安慰食物，它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的联想。定语从句修饰先行词comfort food，在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose。 12．Be sure to carefully evaluate every school has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for (apply) to each school. 【答案】 that applying 【详解】考查定语从句和动名词。句意：一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特殊的原因。“has accepted you”是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是school，且被every修饰，因此第一空用that引导定语从句；for是介词，其后跟动名词applying作宾语。故填that；applying。 13．The reason he told me is well-known. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：句意：他告诉我的原因是众所周知的。此处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。 14．I still remember the day we spent together in Beijing. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们在北京一起度过的那一天。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词day是一天，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 15．For those fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于那些坐飞机去桂林的人来说，只需一个小时的车程，就能欣赏到这座著名城市的所有风景。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词those指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 16．The news he told us is surprising. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他告诉我们的消息令人惊讶。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the news。先行词指物，在定语从句中作told的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。 17．Milo especially liked going to the railway station near their home during rush hour, ________ commuting (通勤) was challenging for most people. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Milo尤其喜欢在上下班高峰期去家附近的火车站，那时上下班对大多数人来说都是一种挑战。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rush hour，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 18．The reason they chose a Chinese company is that China has one of the most advanced technologies of high speed railways in the world. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们选择了一家中国公司的原因是，中国有着全世界最先进的高铁技术。分析句子可知，空前The reason是主语，is是谓语动词，句子完整，空后的句子they chose a Chinese company考虑定语从句，其主干成分完整，先行词The reason在定语从句中应作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 19．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2020. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：安吉拉和她的家人在中国一起度过的确切年份是2020年。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中谓语动词spent缺少宾语，先行词为The exact year，意为“准确年份”，是表示事物的先行词，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 20．The lazy boy is expecting a way he can get through the exams without hard work. 【答案】that/in which/省略 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个懒惰的男孩在期待一种不用努力学习就能通过考试的方法。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，当先行词是way，定语从句的引导词有that、in which，也可以省略。故填that/in which/省略。 21．It’s such a difficult problem none of us can solve. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个我们谁也解不出来的难题。空处引导从句和such搭配的词有that引导状语从句，以及as引导定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用关系代词as引导的定语从句，先行词是problem，在从句中作宾语。故填as。 22．Gone are the days we spent time fishing and swimming in the unpolluted river. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们在未受污染的河里钓鱼和游泳的日子一去不复返了。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词days表示时间，所以使用关系副词when。故填when。 23．We arrived in China we would have a great time. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们到达中国，在那里我们会度过一个美好的时光。先行词为China，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 24．He told me of the people and interesting things he had seen in America. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他告诉我他在美国见到的人和有趣的事。先行词为 the people and interesting things ，作定语从句的宾语。因为先行词即有人也有物，关系代词只能为that。故填that。 25．The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter rescued her from the fire. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位女士想找到并感谢那位从火灾中救了她的消防员。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the firefighter，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，故使用关系代词that或who。故填that或who。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$