必修二 Unit 1 Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（导学案)-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第二册）

必修二UNIT 1 Cultural Heritage（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的主题为 “人与社会” 中的 “历史、社会与文化”，通过介绍文化遗产的重要性和保护方法，引导学生关注社会问题，增强社会责任感。学案中包括记叙文、说明文等不同语篇类型，例如 “FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS” 是一篇说明文，介绍了文化遗产保护的案例和方法, 通过学习不同语篇类型，学生能够提高阅读理解和写作能力强调文化遗产保护的重要性和方法。 1. 通过电话、电子邮件、明信片等媒介，预定旅行行程、交流旅行计划，能理解并正确运用现在进行时表示将来的计划； 2. 能够通过角色扮演，口头分享讨论成果；通过口语表达练习新闻采访时应记录的内容，能够自然得体地启动交谈或讨论。； 3. 能够顺利阅读描述事件发展过程的叙事文本，理解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；能够掌握新闻报道的常见文体结构、标题特征和语言特点，学会使用新闻报道中的常见语言结构； 4. 能够写简单的新闻报道； 5. 能够通过浏览图形、图像、视频、音频甚至现场的实物、场景等相关图文内容，快速获取关键信息。 01-重点词汇背记 1．an ancient ________ 一所古老的寺庙 2．on ________ Tai 在泰山上 3．the ________ palace 以前的宫殿 4．a clear ________ 一条清晰的线索 5．lead to ________ 导致抗议 6．be ________ to damage a number of temples 可能破坏很多寺庙 7．a new ________ 一个新的委员会 8．________ our own club 建立我们自己的俱乐部 9．________ damage to the Egyptian buildings 限制对埃及建筑的破坏 10．________ the ________ of cultural relics 阻止文化遗迹的消失 11．from different ________ 从不同的部门 12．raise ________ 筹集资金 13．________ a few weeks 几周之内 14．________ several tests 实施几次测试 15．sign a ________ 签署一个文件 16．________ the building of the dam 尝试建造这个大坝 17．a ________ movie 值得一看的电影 18．________ from the world forever 从世界上永远消失 02-核心词形拓展 1．①a ________ (adj.) plan 一个有创造性的计划 ②work ________ (adv.) 创造性地工作 ③________ (vt.) a new song 创作一首新歌 ④my own ________ (n.) 我自己的创作 2．①keep the right ________ (n.) 保持适当的平衡 ②a ________ (adj.) diet 均衡的饮食 3．①accept my ________ (n.) 接受我的提议 ②________ (vt.) a new design 提出一个新的设计 4．①________ (vt.) a lot to society 为社会做出很多贡献 ②make great ________ (n.) 做出巨大捐献 5．①________ (vt.) the issue 调查这个问题 ②carry out an ________ (n.) 开展一项调查 6．①________ nearly $80 million 捐赠了接近8000万美元 ②in a recent ________ (n.) 在近期的一次捐赠中 03-重点词块闪记 1．________________ 参与(某事)；参加(某活动) 2．________________ 让步；屈服 3．________________ 保持平衡 4．________________ 导致 5．________________ 提出建议 6．________________ 向……求助；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；转向 7．________________ 阻止； 不准 8．________________ 向……捐赠…… 9．________________ 确保；设法保证 10．work together ________________ 04-巧记词缀和短语 1.前缀dis-，表示“不，消失”。例如： dis＋appear→disappear 　 消失 dis＋like→dislike 不喜欢 dis＋agree→disagree 不同意 dis＋honest→dishonest 不诚实的 dis＋able→disable 使丧失能力 2．“make a＋名词”构成动词短语 make a proposal 提出建议 make a plan 制订计划 make a promise 许下诺言 make a decision 做出决定 make a living 谋生 答案： 01. 1．temple　2.Mount　3.former　4.clue　5.protests 6．likely　7.committee　8.establish　9.limit　10.prevent; loss　11.departments　12.funds　13.within　14.conduct　15.document　16.attempt　17.worthwhile　18.disappear 02. 1．①creative　②creatively　③create　④creation 2．①balance　②balanced 3．①proposal　②propose 4．①contribute　②contributions 5．①investigate　②investigation 6．①donate　②donation 03. 1．take part in　2.give way to　3.keep balance　4.lead to 5．make a proposal　6.turn to　7.prevent...from... 8．donate...to...　9.make sure　10.一起工作，合作 05-重点句型 1．[句型]There comes a time when...“……的时代已经到来”。 [教材原句]________________________________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 2．[句型]not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”， not only位于句首时， not only后的分句要用部分倒装。 [教材原句]________________________________________ to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 3．[句型]v.-ing作主语 [教材原句]___________________________________________________________________ between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在进步与文化遗址保护之间寻找并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。 06-长难句分析 1．[教材原句]There comes a time (when the old must give way to the new), and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. [分析] There comes a time第一分句 (when the old must give way to the new) 定语从句, and并列连词it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the第二分句 future． [翻译]_____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2．[教材原句]After listening to the scientists (who had studied the problem), and citizens (who lived near the dam), the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. [分析] After listening to the scientists时间状语 (who had studied the problem) 定语从句, and citizens (who lived near the dam)，定语从句 the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959句子主干． [翻译]___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．[教材原句]Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. [分析] Temples and other cultural sites主语 were taken down谓语 piece by piece, and then moved and put back together并列谓语again in a place where they were safe from the water定语从句． [翻译]___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 05. 1．There comes a time when 2．Not only had the countries found a path 3．Finding and keeping the right balance 06. 1．新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 2．(埃及)政府在听取了研究该问题的科学家以及大坝附近居民的意见后，于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。 3．人们将寺庙和其他文化遗址逐块拆解，运至一个不受河水侵袭的安全地带，再按原样复原。 ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1　While-Reading　 [读文清障] [1] give way to 让步；屈服 [2] preserve/prɪ'zɜːv/vt.保存；保护；维持　n．保护区 preserve...from/against (doing) sth.保护……免受…… [3] balance/'bæləns/n.平衡；均衡　vt.使平衡 keep balance保持平衡 [4] between...and...在……和……之间 [5] challenge n．挑战 [6] lead to导致(to是介词) [7] dam/dæm/n.水坝；拦河坝 [8] in order to do sth.为了做某事 [9] supply sth. to sb.＝supply sb. with sth.向某人提供某物 [10] proposal/prə'pəʊzl/n.提议；建议 make a proposal提出建议 [11] protest/'prəʊtest/n.抗议 /prə'test/vi.& vt.(公开)反对；抗议 [12] likely/'laɪkli/adj.可能的　adv.可能地 be likely to do sth.可能做某事 [13] a number of...一些……；许多…… [14] turn to向……求助 turn to sb. for help向某人求助 [15] committee/kə'mɪti/n.委员会 [16] establish/ɪ'stæblɪʃ/vt.建立；创立 [17] limit/'lɪmɪt/n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定 [18] prevent/prɪ'vent/vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠 prevent...from...阻止；不准 [19] loss/lɒs/n.丧失；损失 [20] contribution/ˌkɒntrɪ'bjuːʃn/n.捐款；贡献；捐赠 make a contribution/contributions to为……做贡献；向……捐款 contribute/kən'trɪbjuːt/vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 contribute...to...为……贡献/捐献…… [21] department/dɪ'pɑːtmənt/n.部；司；科 [22] fund/fʌnd/n.基金；专款 [23] within/wɪ'ðɪn/prep.& adv.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 [24] investigate/ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt/vi.& vt.调查；研究 investigation n．(正式的)调查，侦查 [25] issue/'ɪʃuː；BrE also'ɪsjuː/n.重要议题；争论的问题　vt.宣布；公布 [26] conduct/'kɒndʌkt/n.行为；举止；管理方法 /kən'dʌkt/vt.组织；安排；带领 [27] document/'dɒkjumənt/n.文件；公文；(计算机)文档　vt.记录；记载(详情) [28] take down拆卸；记下 [29] put back将……放回原处 [30] countless adj.无数的；数不尽的 count v．数数 [31]donate...to...向……捐赠…… donate/dəʊ'neɪt/vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血) donation n．捐赠物；捐赠；赠送 [32] success n．成功的事，此处是抽象名词具体化的用法。 [33] a path to...通往……的道路 [34] alive adj.继续存在的 [35]disappear/ˌdɪsə'pɪə(r)/vi.消失；灭绝；消亡 appear vi.出现 dis-是否定前缀，表示相反或否定。 [课文呈现] FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes 【1】 a time when the old must give way to[1] the new 【2】， and it is not possible to preserve[2] 【3】 everything from our past as we move towards the future 【4】. Finding and keeping the right balance[3] between progress and[4] the protection of cultural sites 【5】 can be a big challenge[5]. 【1】此处是there be 句型，属于完全倒装结构，该句型中be还可用come, appear, lie, live, stand, remain, exist等动词替换。 【2】此处是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a time。 “a time when...”意为“一段……的时期”。 【3】此处是it is not possible to do sth.结构，意为“做……是不可能的”。it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。 【4】此处as在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时、随着”。 【5】动词-ing短语“Finding and keeping...”在句中作主语。 Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to[6] great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam[7] across the Nile in order to[8] control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to[9] more farmers in the area. But the proposal[10] led to protests[11]. Water from the dam would likely[12] damage a number of[13] temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage 【6】. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam 【7】， the government turned to[14] the United Nations for help in 1959. 【6】此处是定语从句，修饰先行词cultural relics，关系词that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 【7】此处含有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词the scientists和citizens，关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略。 A committee[15] was established[16] to limit[17] damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent[18]the loss[19]of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions[20] from different departments[21]and raised funds[22]within[23] he international community. Experts investigated[24] the issue[25], conducted[26] several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved 【8】. Finally, a document[27] was signed, and the work began in 1960. 【8】此处是 how 引导的宾语从句，作介词for的宾语。 The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down[28] piece by piece, and then moved and put back[29] together again in a place where they were safe from the water 【9】. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless[30] cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to[31] the project. 【9】此处是定语从句，先行词是a place, 关系副词where在定语从句中作状语。 When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success[32]. Not only had the countries found a path to[33] the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow 【10】． 【10】本句中“not only...but (also)．..”连接两个分句，且not only 位于句首时， not only 后的分句要用部分倒装语序，但but (also)后的分句不倒装。句中第一个that引导定语从句，修饰a path。关系词that在从句中作主语，不能省略；句中第二个that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语。 The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive[34] today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing[35]【11】. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution. 【11】此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰UNESCO；从句中还包括that引导的定语从句，修饰a programme。 [参考译文] 从问题重重到迎刃而解 社会进步需要经济发展。新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。在社会进步与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。 然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。二十世纪五十年代，埃及政府打算在尼罗河上新建一座大坝，可以防洪、发电，并为该地区更多的农民供水。但是，该提案引发了抗议，因为大坝泄流可能会破坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。(埃及)政府在听取了研究该问题的科学家以及大坝附近居民的意见后，于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。 (联合国)成立了一个委员会，旨在减少对那些埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物损失。该委员会请求各部门捐款，并在国际社会筹集资金。专家们经过调查研究，多次试验，提出了一个保住那些建筑的方案。最终，(埃及政府)签署了一份文件，于1960年开始动工。 该项目集聚了来自世界各地的政府机构和环保人士。人们将寺庙和其他文化遗址逐块拆解，运至一个不受河水侵袭的安全地带，再按原样复原。1961年，德国工程师搬迁了第一座寺庙。在随后的二十年里，数千名工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和不计其数的文物。50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。 1980年该项目完工时，被视为一个巨大的成功。这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 阿斯旺大坝工程的精神今日尚存。能体现这种精神的最好的例子或许就是联合国教科文组织；该组织有一项计划，旨在防止全球各地世界文化遗产的消失。如果一个问题对某一个国家来说难度太大，那么国际社会有时可为其提供一个解决方案。 Step 2　Detailed-Reading　 Task 1 文本整体理解：理清文章架构 What's the main idea of the text? A．A committee was needed. B．The proposal leads to protests. C．A big challenge can sometimes lead to solution. D．The project of a new dam was successful. 答案：C Task 2 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解 阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)Why did the Egyptian government want to build a new dam in the 1950s? A．To improve the economy. B．To improve transportation. C．To build a tourist attraction. D．To benefit the area. 答案：D (2)Why did the building of the dam lead to protests? A．It would damage the fields. B．It would cost a lot of money. C．It would damage the cultural relics. D．It would damage natural environment. 答案：C (3)Before the building of the dam, what problems did the Nile river bring to the Egyptians? Floods,_droughts_and_not_enough_electricity. (4)Why did the government ask the UN for help? Because_water_from_the_dam_would_likely_damage_a_number_of_temples_and_destroy_cultural_relics_that_were_an_important_part_of_Egypt's_cultural_heritage. 2．表达的技巧 (1)第2、3行中使用了“There comes a time ...”完全倒装句式， 其中comes用词形象、直观地突出了“新旧更替的时代已经到来”，第3、4行中使用了it is not possible to do sth.，这种句式简单明了。第5、6行中使用了Finding and keeping ...动名词短语作主语，起总结性作用。 完成下面句子： ①It's_clever_of_you_to_work_out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 ②Protecting_the_environment benefits everyone. 保护环境使每个人都能受益。 (2)第13行中的likely 用作副词，说明了建设大坝会对当地许多寺庙和文化遗产造成损坏的可能性。likely用作副词的情况不多，但此处使用简洁，表达意义明晰。 阅读文章第三、四段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)How did the government save the cultural relics? A．By stopping the project. B．By moving them to a safe place. C．By repairing cultural relics. D．By calling for donation. 答案：B (2)Which one can describe the project? A．Successful.　　　　　B．Negative. C．Useless. D．Doubtful. 答案：A (3)What words can you think of to describe the working process of the project? It_was_really_hard,_complicated_and_amazing. 2．表达的技巧 第四段中使用了较多的数字，形象直观地说明了当时人们为拯救阿斯旺大坝地区的文化遗产所付出的艰辛和巨大努力。 赏析下面的句群，体会数字在说明文中的作用： Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide，cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 上述句群中的数字使事件描述得更加直观、具体、形象，使读者更加体会到这次灾难的破坏力之大，一幅惨不忍睹的画面跃然纸上。 阅读文章第五、六段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)What can be learned from the Aswan Dam project? A．It is not suitable for the present time. B．The protection of cultural sites is easy. C．The cooperation can solve difficult problems. D．The cultural heritages are disappearing because of construction. 答案：C (2)How many years did it take to rebuild the cultural relics? Twenty_years. (3)What is the most important to rebuild the cultural relics? Running_a_programme_by_UNESCO. 2．表达的技巧 第38～40行中not only ...but (also) ...倒装句式的使用，突出了“多个国家合作的力量是巨大的”，语气强烈。第43行中的alive用词生动，栩栩如生，给句子赋予了一定的活力和生命力。 Task 3 读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　 课文标题FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS直接点明了文章是关于从提出问题到解决问题的问题解决型说明文。作者以时间顺序行文：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题—得出结果。文章在最后特别强调了人们在重大困难面前所表现出的互帮互助、团结奋斗和乐于奉献的阿斯旺大坝精神。 阅读技巧：在阅读问题解决型说明文时，读者可以重点关注文中解决问题的段落，紧紧抓住文中诸如时间、数字等关键词汇，进而理解文章的大意。另外，读者还可以通过文章的标题、插图来把握文章的内容。 Task 4 最后知选文意图，思有何价值　 合作才能共赢 文章最后一段总结了“阿斯旺大坝工程的精神”，即“如果一个问题对某一个国家来说难度太大，那么国际社会有时可为其提供一个解决方案”。结合本文倒数第二段提到“they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow (他们也明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性)”，通过成功建设阿斯旺大坝并同时保护了文化遗产，这些国家认识到文化遗产保护需要世界各国和全社会的共同努力，由此可以得知合作共赢的重要性。当今时代，人类社会是一个相互依存的共同体，这已经成为共识。以合作共赢的理念促改革、谋发展，“合”力巨大，“和”以致远，同舟共济渡难关，合作创新向未来，将会成为社会发展的主流。 请体会并记住下面的句子： ①Unity is strength.团结就是力量。 ②Success lies in cooperation.成功在于合作。 ③Together for a Shared Future.一起向未来。 ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1(教材原句p4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 ◎句型公式：There comes a time when...……的时代到来 (1)This is/was a time when... 是……的时候 (2)There was a time when... 曾经一度……；有一段时间…… [写作佳句]　There comes a time when children need to know more knowledge of safety. 是时候让孩子们了解更多安全知识了。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①There comes a time ________ you have to make decisions by yourself. ②There was once a time ________ women were not allowed to go to school. [写作应用] ③你必须做选择的时候到了。 ________________________ you have to make a choice. 2(教材原句p4)Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在社会进步与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。 ◎balance n．平衡；均衡；余额　vt.使平衡 (1)keep/lose (one's) balance 保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 (2)balance...against 权衡，比较 (3)balanced adj. 平衡的；和谐的；安定的 [写作佳句]　I quickly approached Mark. But all of a sudden I lost (my) balance and fell into the water. 我快速靠近马克。但是突然， 我失去平衡， 掉进水里了。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/写出加黑词的词性及含义 ①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages. ②To keep fit, first of all, you'd better keep a ________ (balance) diet. ③I must check my bank balance to find out how much money I have in my credit card.________ [写作运用]——应用文之建议信 ④保持学习和社交生活的平衡很重要。 It is very important to ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. 3(教材原句p4)Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. 然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。 ◎lead to (to为介词) 导致；造成(后果)；通向 lead sb. to do... 使某人做…… lead sb. to... 引领某人到…… lead the way 带路 lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活 [写作佳句]　As the old saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”常言道，“条条大路通罗马。” [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads ________ failure. ②Our English teacher often divides us into groups and leads us ________ (practice) speaking English. ③With the little boy ________ (带路), we had no difficulty finding his house. [写作佳句]——应用文佳句 ④现在中国人过着幸福的生活，春节比以往任何时候都更有趣。 Now people in China ______________________， and the Spring Festival is much more interesting than ever. 4(教材原句P4)But the proposal led to protests. 但该提案引发了抗议。 ◎proposal n．提议；建议 (1)make a proposal 提出建议 (2)propose vt. 提议，建议 propose doing sth. 建议做某事 propose that...(should) do sth. 提议……(应该)做某事 [写作佳句]　I'm writing to make a proposal about the “Green Campus” activity to be carried out in our school. 我写信提出关于将在我们学校开展的“绿色校园”活动的建议。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①His proposal that the old tower should ________ (preserve) at once attracted the government's attention. ②One of my classmates proposed ________ (place) them in order, so we got down to work immediately. [写作运用]——一句多译 他建议每个人都应该努力使我们的国家更强大。 ③He ______________ that everyone ______________ to make our country stronger.(proposal n．) ④He ________ that everyone ________________ to make our country stronger.(propose vt.) ⑤He ________ that everyone ________________ make our country stronger.(recommend vt.) [名师点津]　proposal/propose/recommend后接that从句时，谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。 5(教材原句P4)Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.因为大坝泄流可能会破坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。 ◎likely adj.可能的　adv.可能地 (1)sb./sth. be likely to...＝It's likely that sb./sth.... 很可能…… (2)be unlikely to...＝It is unlikely that... 不可能…… [写作佳句]　If you come to our school, you are likely to meet some difficult problems in your life. 如果你来到我们的学校，在你的生活中你可能会遇到一些难题。 [写作运用]——一句多译 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。 ①________________ suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ②________________ you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 6(教材原句P4)．..the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 政府于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。 ◎turn to向……求助；致力于，从事于；翻到(书的某页)；转向 turn down 关小；拒绝 turn in 交上；提交 turn up 出现；露面；调大 turn out 证明是；结果是 [写作佳句]　Whenever I have difficulties in my English study, you are the one that I will turn to first. 当我在英语学习中遇到困难时，你是我第一个求助的人。 [牛刀小试]——写出加黑词的含义 ①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.________ ②Please turn to page 40 as soon as possible.________ ③More and more people turn to computer science.________ ④You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.________ [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ⑤收到高度赞扬和热烈响应的这个讲座结果非常成功。 The lecture which received high praise and warm response ________________________________________________________________________. 7(教材原句P4)A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (联合国)成立了一个委员会，旨在减少对那些埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物损失。 ◎limit n．限度；限制　vt.限制；限定 (1)without limit 无限制地 there is no limit to... ……没有限制 to the limit 挑战极限；到最大程度 (2)limit...to 将……限制在 (3)limited adj. 有限的 [写作佳句]　It is worthwhile to limit your time of surfing the Internet.限制你上网的时间是值得的。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to ________ (serve) the people. ②I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit ________ what I can do. ③The number of the members is ________ (limit), so you'd better sign up on our homepage as soon as possible. [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ④时间对我们学生来说似乎是有限的，所以更多的学生即使在十分钟的休息时间也努力学习。 ________________________________________， so more students try to study even during the ten-minute break. ◎prevent...from...阻止；不准 (1)prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 (2)protect...from... 保护……不受…… (3)prevention n. 预防；阻止；防止 [写作佳句]　Staying at home is the best way to prevent you and your family from getting infected. 待在家里是阻止你和家人被传染的最好办法。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ⑤It's high time we took measures to prevent water ________ (pollute)． ⑥Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes ________ the sun. [写作运用]——应用文之环境保护 ⑦人们采取了很多措施来美化环境， 比如预防污染， 栽树等。 Many measures were taken to beautify the environment such as ________________________. ◎loss n．丧失；损失 (1)at a loss 不知所措，困惑 suffer a loss 遭受(……的)损失 (2)lost adj. 失去的；丧失的；迷惑的 be lost in 全神贯注；沉浸于 [写作佳句]　I'm at a loss whether I should bring a small gift or not when I call on him. 我不知道拜访他时我是否应该带点小礼物。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ⑧I am sorry to hear that you suffered a great ________ (lose) when a storm hit your hometown. ⑨Jerry stood up and walked around the living room, ________ (lose) in thought. [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ⑩他下定决心尽最大努力弥补损失。 He was determined to try his best to ________________________． 8(教材原句P4)The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. 该组织向不同部门寻求捐款，并在国际社会筹集资金。 ◎contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠 (1)make contributions/a contribution to 对……做出贡献 (2)contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助 contribute sth. to... 把某物捐献给…… contribute to 促成；造成；向……投稿 [写作佳句]　In a word, I was proud of making great contributions to spreading Chinese culture. 总之，我为自己对传播中国文化作出的巨大贡献感到自豪。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/写出加黑词的含义 ①It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum ________ the charity. ②We sincerely hope that our proposals can contribute to ________ (improve) the former app. ③Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.________ [写作运用]——应用文之倡议书 ④他们已经意识到他们应该学会为人民服务， 并为社会做贡献。 They have realized they should learn to serve the people and ___________________________ society. 9(教材原句P4)Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. 50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。 ◎donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血) (1)donate...to... 向……捐赠…… (2)donation n. 捐献；捐赠；捐款；捐赠物 make a donation to... 向……捐赠 (3)donator n. 捐赠者 [写作佳句]　Luckily, many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education.幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了大笔钱帮助他们接受大学教育。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①On the way, we bought books and toys with the money ________ (donate) by our classmates. ②I was inspired to make a ________ (donate) to the organization immediately after the dinner. [写做运用]——词汇转换 ③The famous singer made a promise to the public that he would give away ￥ 1，000，000 to help the disabled.________ [名师点津]　donate...to...中的to是介词， 其后接名词、代词或动名词。 10(教材原句P4)Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 ◎句型公式： not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分 (1)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与but (also)后面的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 (2)连接两个并列句且not only 置于句首时， not only后面的句子要用部分倒装， but (also)后面的句子不倒装。 [写作佳句]　They are not only experienced, but also patient and understanding. 他们不仅经验丰富，而且有耐心、善解人意。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, ________ (take) great interest in the piano lessons. ②The British and the Americans ________________________________________ (不仅说同一种语言，而且) share a large number of social customs. [写作佳句]——句式升级 ③The exhibition not only broadens our horizons, but it also helps improve our taste in beauty. →________________ the exhibition broaden our horizons, ________________ helps improve our taste in beauty.(倒装) 11(教材原句P5)Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam? 埃及政府为什么想要尝试建造这座大坝呢？ ◎attempt n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试 (1)attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；尝试做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 [写作佳句]　He attempted to prevent the accident from happening, but failed at last. 他尝试阻止事故的发生， 但是， 最终还是失败了。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①Believe it or not, he broke the record ________ the first attempt. ②They made an attempt ________ (recover) the lost cultural relics. [写作运用]——一句多译 我试图扔石头把狼吓走，但是没用。 ③I ________________________ the wolf away by throwing stones at it, but failed. ④I ________________________ the wolf away by throwing stones at it，but failed. 12(教材原句P5)We must protect the temple and make sure that no damage is done. 我们必须保护寺庙，确保不造成任何损害。 ◎make sure 确保；设法保证 (1)make sure 确保……；弄清楚…… (2)be sure of/that... 确信…… be sure to do sth. 一定会/要做某事 [写作佳句]　The department is established to make sure that everything goes well. 设立这个部门是为了确保一切顺利。 [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ①聚会将在下周五下午6点到8点在101房间举行。 请千万不要错过。 The party will be held in Room 101 from 6：00 p．m. to 8：00 p．m. next Friday. Please ______________ you won't miss it. ②我写信向你们表示最热烈的欢迎，我相信你们在北京的大学期间会有最难忘的经历。 I'm writing to express my warmest welcome to you and ________________ you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. ③下次你来北京，一定要提前让我知道。 Next time you come to Beijing, ______________ let me know in advance. 13(教材原句P5)A lot of money was spent to protect the temples.Do you think it was worthwhile? 人们花了很多钱来保护寺庙。你认为值得吗？ ◎worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的 (1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 做某事是值得的。 (2)worth adj. 有……的价值，值得……的 be worth doing 值得做 [写作佳句]　Seeing the children's bright smiles，　all of us considered the visit to be well worthwhile. 看到孩子们灿烂的笑容， 我们都认为这次参观很值得。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①As we all know, it is worthwhile ________ (preserve) cultural relics and historic sites. ②I don't think all the TV shows are worth ________ (watch) or suitable for us students to watch. [写作运用]——应用文之建议信 ③最后但同样重要的是，读有趣的汉语新闻是值得的，这能够帮助你提高你对汉语的兴趣。 Last but not least, ________________________________ interesting Chinese news, which can help you increase your interest in Chinese. 答案： 1．①when　②when　③There comes a time when 2．①against　②balanced　③n.余额　④keep a balance between study and social life 3．①to　②to practice　③leading the way　④are leading a happy life 4．①be preserved　②placing　③made a proposal; (should) make efforts　④proposed; (should) spare no efforts　⑤recommended; (should) make efforts to 5．①You are likely to　②It is likely that 6．①向……求助　②翻到　③开始从事　④查阅　⑤turned out to be a great success 7．①serving　②to　③limited　④Time seems limited for us students　⑤being polluted　⑥from　⑦preventing pollution, planting trees and so on　⑧loss　⑨lost　⑩make up for the loss 8．①to　②improving　③导致　④make contributions to/make a contribution to 9．①donated　②donation　③donate 10．①takes　②not only speak the same language but (also)　③Not only does; but it also 11．①at　②to recover　③attempted to frighten　④made an attempt to frighten 12．①make sure　②I am sure　③be sure to 13．①preserving/to preserve　②watching　③it is worthwhile reading/to read 一、单词拼写 1．Since teenagers have difficulty (平衡) these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. 2．Due to the widespread (应用) of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage. 3．The historic building is well (保存). 4．Due to his excellent performance at work, he was (晋升) to the position of manager. 5．I (登上) the mountain and found a fountain with large amount of water. 6．Tourists should raise awareness of avoiding disturbing the (平衡) of nature on the island. 7．People have realized that human activities (促成) to global warming. 8．We must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to (平衡) the nature. 9．There is no doubt that the activity helped to (促进) their friendship. 10．I’ll also need to be very careful about (平衡) my schoolwork and hobbies. 11．She then decided to play all her passion for the city out as a full-time designer of cultural and (有创意的) products with Beijing features. 12．Students learned many practical (应用) of their research they had conducted in the classroom. 13．Active learners do not accept they learn. They (尝试) to find the truth at the heart of each idea. 14．Unemployment is (可能的) to go on rising this year. 15．The President's trip to Washington this week seems to have been (值得的)． 16．He had learned in the (系) of English for four years before he graduated. 17．Although there is no (限制) to the amount of money you can bring into don’t carry large sums of money with you. . 18．People from Colombia are (很可能的) to approach people closely and kiss them on the cheek. 19．Believe it or not, her leaving is definitely a great (损失) to your company. 20．These days many people have the flu. So what should we do (阻止) it? 二、语法填空 1．After continuous (attempt), he received (finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain. 2．I admire Edison a lot because he made a (contribute) to the world. 3．If these moments can make me smile, even with a sense of ( lose), what better home can I ask for? 4．The first medieval universities are generally- considered (establish) in Italy, France and England in the late 11th and 12th centuries. 5．It is worthwhile (invest) time in learning about one’s cultural heritage, as it enriches personal identity and understanding. 6．The festival organizers aim to celebrate cultural diversity the limits of respecting all participating communities’ traditions. 7．Donations from private sectors significantly contribute funding the maintenance of historic sites. 8．Educational programs that focus on cultural history (contribute) to a deeper appreciation of our heritage among young people. 9．A (balance) approach to urban planning ensures that new developments do not harm cultural heritage sites. 10．Authorities must balance the interests of tourists the integrity of cultural sites to ensure sustainable tourism. 11．Historians make critical (contribute) to society by researching and documenting the past, ensuring that history is not forgotten. 12．The government strongly proposed that each one should make (contribute) to building a low-carbon city. 13．Not until then I realise words could be powerful in positive and negative ways. 14．As an exchange student, not only you good at writing in English, but also you study well and live a healthy life. 15．I will never forget the time we spent on the farm. 16．It is worthwhile (work) hard. 17．The company made a donation 20,000 yuan to charity. 18．He donated a large sum of money Project Hope. 19．The plan might be prevented from (be) carried out. 20．The (propose) put forward by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving. 三、翻译 1．你越紧张就越不可能得到问题的正确答案（tense） 2．他说：“显然，只有一种方法可以令你们信服。我们必须做个实验。” 3．无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人，毕竟学习无捷径。(Never) 4．这位收藏家之所以把价值无法估量的藏品捐赠给上海博物馆是因为他对这座以包容性和多样性著称的城市有着深刻的感情。（The reason） 5．今晚很可能会有暴风雪袭击这个区域。(likely adj.) 6．研究表明投资这个软件公司是不值得的。(worthwhile) 7．我们能做些什么来保护麋鹿，使他们不会再次消失？ 8．他试图从监狱里逃跑。（attempt v. ） 9．我第一次尝试考驾照就通过了。（attempt n. ） 10．努力工作就会成功。 ① ② 11．你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt to） 12．我相信，只有每个人的贡献和参与，这场运动才能创造奇迹。 13．国王发现没有人试图搬走石头，他绝望了。 14．在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely） . 15．她看着公共汽车，直到它完全消失在视线中。(disappear) 16．直到能源危机在这个国家爆发，人们才意识到可供他们使用的自然资源是有限的。（Not until; limit n.） 17．应该教会孩子当身陷困境时要向他人寻求帮助。（turn） 18．在最后一期的封底上印着这样的文字：人生就像故事一样。（On....） _______________________________________________________________________________ 19．正是在这个小村庄里首次表演了已知最古老的民间舞蹈形式，使之成为了该地区文化遗产不可或缺的一部分。(强调句) 20．正在进行各种努力，防止掠夺和非法交易破坏无价的文化遗产艺术品，从而保证未来世代能够欣赏和研究它们。（prevent...from...） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．balancing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于青少年很难平衡这些需求，他们经常会问自己是谁，如何融入社会。have difficulty (in) doing sth.“在做某事上有困难”为固定搭配；“平衡”为动词balance，设空处填动名词形式。故答案为balancing。 2．application 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于该医疗技术的广泛运用，更多疾病在早期就可以被发现。横线前面有形容词修饰，后面有介词短语修饰，说明横线应该使用名词形式，故application应用符合句意，作宾语。故填application。 3．preserved 【详解】考查动词。句意：这座历史建筑保存得很好。结合汉语提示可知，应用及物动词preserve。这里The historic building和preserve之间是被动关系。句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，is已经给出，空处填过去分词preserved。故填preserved。 4．promoted 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：由于他在工作中的出色表现，他被提升为经理。“晋升”作谓语，用动词promote，与主语he之间是被动关系，用过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态was promoted。故填promoted。 5．mounted 【详解】考查动词。句意：我登上了山，发现了一个水量很大的喷泉。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据所给中文提示词，应是mount意为“登上”，根据后文的found可知，用一般过去时。故填mounted。 6．balance 【详解】考查名词。句意：游客应提高避免扰乱岛上自然平衡的意识。根据汉语提示“平衡”，以及句子结构可知，此处需要名词balance充当动词disturb的宾语，此处为不可数名词。故填balance。 7．contribute/lead 【详解】考查动词。句意：人们已经意识到人类活动导致了全球变暖。根据提示的汉语以及空后的介词to可知，表示“促成”应为contribute或者lead，contribute/lead to意为“导致”符合句意，此空为宾语从句的谓语，结合句意和主句中的谓语动词have realized可知，此处描述的为客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语activities与lead或者contribute之间为主动关系，且主语为名词复数，所以此处使用动词原形。故填contribute/lead。 8．balance 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们必须改变荒野中的生命循环，以平衡大自然。根据提示的汉语，表示“平衡”应为balance，分析句子结构可知，此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故填balance。 9．promote 【详解】考查动词。句意：毫无疑问，这次活动有助于促进他们的友谊。“促进”译为promote，to后面用动词原形。故填promote。 10．balancing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我还需要非常小心地平衡我的学业和爱好。about为介词，空处作宾语，用“平衡”balance的动名词形式balancing。故填balancing。 11．creative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：于是，她决定把对这座城市的热情全部发挥出来，成为一名具有北京特色的专职文化创意产品设计师。修饰名词products应用形容词creative。故填creative。 12．applications 【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们学会将在课堂上他们所做的研究的许多实际应用。根据汉语提示“应用”和上文 the practical可知此处要用名词，作learned的宾语，application“应用”，此处用作可数名词，由many修饰用复数，故填applications。 13．attempt 【详解】考查动词。句意：主动学习者不接受他们的学习。他们试图在每一个想法的核心找到真相。此处缺乏谓语，讲的是一般事实，用一般现在时，主语They（复数），谓语不加s，用attempt（尝试），符合句意。故填attempt。 14．likely 【详解】考查形容词。句意：失业率今年可能会继续上升。根据汉语提示“可能的”可知，此处应用形容词likely，作表语。故填likely。 15．worthwhile 【详解】句意：总统本周的华盛顿之行似乎是值得的。be动词后，用形容词作表语，所以填worthwhile。 16．department 【详解】考查名词。句意：毕业前，他在英语系上了四年。in the +名词+of是固定结构，根据汉语提示，故填department。 17．limit 【详解】考查名词。空格前的no是形容词“没有”，其后跟名词，要用“限制”的名词形式，故填limit。句意：尽管没有限制你带钱的数目，但是你不要随身携带大量现金。 18．likely 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：来自哥伦比亚的人很可能会亲密接触人，并亲吻他们的脸颊。be likely to do 可能做某事，故填likely。 19．loss 【详解】考查名词。此处great是形容词，修饰名词，结合所给汉语可知答案为loss。 20．to prevent 【详解】考查不定式：句意：这些天有很多人得了流感，所以我们要怎么做来阻止它呢？根据提示的汉语，表示“阻止”应为prevent，结合句意可知，此处应表示目的，该空意为“为预防流感”，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to prevent。 1． attempts financial 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：经过不断的尝试，他得到了西班牙国王和王后的财政支持。attempt意为“尝试”，是可数名词，根据continuous(不断的)可知，此处应用复数；第二空修饰名词support，应用形容词，finance的形容词是financial(财政的)。故填①attempts②financial。 2．contribution 【详解】考查名词。句意：我很钦佩爱迪生，因为他对世界做出了巨大的贡献。结合不定冠词a可知，用单数名词contribution作动词made的宾语。故填contribution。 3．loss 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果这些时刻能让我微笑，即使有失落感，我还能要求更好的家吗?根据空格前的of可知，此处用提示词的名词形式loss作宾语表示“失落”。a sense of loss“失落感”。故填loss。 4．to have been established 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一批中世纪大学通常被认为是在11世纪末和12世纪在意大利、法国和英格兰建立的。consider sb. to do sth.“认为某人做某事”，universities与establish“建立”之间是被动关系，且establish发生在are generally- considered之前，故用to have been established，作主语补足语。故填to be established。 5．to invest/investing 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：花时间了解一个人的文化遗产是值得的，因为它能丰富个人身份和理解。固定句型it is worthwhile to do/doing sth.意为“做某事是值得的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式或动名词为真正的主语。故填to invest或investing。 6．within 【详解】考查介词。句意：节日组织者旨在庆祝文化多样性，同时尊重所有参与社区的传统。短语within the limits of意为“在……的范围内”，符合句意。故填within。 7．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：来自私营部门的捐赠极大地有助于为历史遗迹的维护提供资金。contribute to 是固定短语，表示 “有助于，促成”，故填 to。 8．contribute 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：以文化史为重点的教育项目有助于年轻人对我们的遗产有更深的了解。设空处为谓语，根据句意可知描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Educational programs，谓语用动词原形。故填contribute。 9．balanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一种平衡的城市规划方法确保新开发项目不会损害文化遗产地。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词approach，表示“平衡的”用balanced。故填balanced。 10．against 【详解】考查介词。句意：当局必须平衡游客的利益与文化遗址的完整性，以确保可持续旅游。balance… against… 表示“平衡……与……”，符合题意。故填against。 11．contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：历史学家通过研究和记录过去，确保历史不被遗忘，为社会做出了重要贡献。空处需填名词contribution，作宾语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填contributions。 12．contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府强烈建议每个人都应该为建设低碳城市做出贡献。空处作make的宾语，用名词contribution，且为可数名词，用复数形式表示泛指。故填contributions。 13．did 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：直到那时我才意识到语言可以在积极和消极方面具有强大的力量。not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提前。此处主句为一般过去时，需将助动词did提前。故填did。 14．are 【详解】考查时态、倒装和主谓一致。句意：作为一名交换生，你不仅英语写作很好，而且学习很好，生活很健康。not only位于句首，所在句子使用部分倒装，结合句意及study可知句子是一般现在时，be good at“擅长”，主语是you，be动词使用are，故填are。 15．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在农场度过的时光。定语从句修饰先行词time，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作宾语，用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。 16．working/to work 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：努力是值得的。固定句型It is worthwhile doing sth.或It is worthwhile to do sth.表示“做某事是值得的”，it是形式主语，动名词、不定式是真正的主语。故填working/to work。 17．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：这家公司向慈善机构捐赠了2万元。donation“捐助，捐赠”后通常跟介词of，说明捐赠的具体内容，此处表示“捐赠2万元”。故填of。 18．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：他捐了一大笔钱给希望工程。根据“donated a large sum of money”和“Project Hope”可知，此处用动词短语donate sth. to…表示“向……捐献……”。故填to。 19．being 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个计划可能无法实施。空处作介词from的宾语，使用动名词形式，being carried out为动名词的被动式，作宾语，故填being。 20．proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：Dobrindt提出的建议旨在帮助推广全自动驾驶。空处作主语，名词proposal“提议，提案，建议”符合题意，结合“aims”可知，proposal应用单数形式。故填proposal。 1．The more tense you are, the less likely you are to get the correct answer to the question. 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。此处为句型：the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越……越……”；前半句主语为you，表示“紧张”应用形容词tense，作表语；第二部分表示“越不可能”应用be the less likely do sth.；表示“得到”应用动词get；表示“问题的正确答案”短语为the correct answer to the question。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为The more tense you are, the less likely you are to get the correct answer to the question. 2．“It is clear,” he said,“that there is only one way to convince you.We must conduct an experiment.” 【详解】考查直接引语，主语从句和动词短语。原句中的“显然”可以翻译为“It is clear”，而“只有一种方法可以令你们信服”则可以翻译为“that there is only one way to convince you”，用作主语从句。“做个实验”使用动词短语“conduct an experiment”， “我们必须做个实验”直接翻译为“We must conduct an experiment”。直接引语要用到引号，综上本句可以译为“It is clear,” he said, “that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” 3．Never can those who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared/excused/ forgiven/pardoned in any case/in all cases/whatever happens/no matter what happens, and, after all, there are no shortcuts to study/learning. 【详解】考查倒装句、定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句。根据句意，该句描述的为客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，表示“那些人”应为those，表示“企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的”应为定语从句修饰先行词those，在从句中作主语，所以使用who引导定语从句，表示“企图做某事”应为attempt/intend to do sth.，表示“在学术研究中弄虚作假”应为cheat in academic research(es)，所以定语从句应译为who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es)，表示“决不能”应为never位于句首，句子使用倒装句，表示“能”应为can，并将其置于主语之前，表示“饶恕”可以为spare/excuse/ forgive/pardon，与主语those之间为被动关系，所以谓语动词应为含有情态动词的被动语态，表示“任何情况下”应为in any case / in all cases / whatever happens / no matter what happens，所以前半句译为Never can those who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared/excused/ forgiven/pardoned in any case/in all cases/whatever happens/no matter what happens，表示“毕竟学习无捷径”应与“无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人”为并列关系，所以此处使用and连接两个句子，表示“毕竟”应为after all，表示“学习没有捷径”应为there are no shortcuts to study/learning。故翻译为Never can those who attempt/intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared/excused/ forgiven/pardoned in any case/in all cases/whatever happens/no matter what happens, and, after all, there are no shortcuts to study/learning. 4．The reason why the collector donated his invaluable collection to the Shanghai Museum is that he has profound feelings for this city, which is famous for its inclusiveness and diversity. 【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。表示“……的原因是……”句型为the reason why…is that…；why引导定语从句，表示“收藏家”应用名词collector，作主语；表示“价值无法估量的藏品捐赠给上海博物馆”翻译为donate his invaluable collection to the Shanghai Museum，为一般过去时；that引导表语从句，主语为he；表示“对……有着深刻的感情”短语为have profound feelings for，后跟名词city作宾语；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“以包容性和多样性著称”翻译为be famous for its inclusiveness and diversity，为一般现在时。故翻译为The reason why the collector donated his invaluable collection to the Shanghai Museum is that he has profound feelings for this city, which is famous for its inclusiveness and diversity. 5．It's likely that a snowstorm will strike this area tonight. A snowstorm is likely to strike this area tonight. 【详解】It's likely that很可能，该句型是固定句型，所以填It's likely that a snowstorm will strike this area tonight；be likely to很有可能，该句型是固定句型，所以填A snowstorm is likely to strike this area tonight. 6．Studies indicated(showed) that investing in the software company isn’t worthwhile. 【详解】考查句子结构、时态以及从句。“研究表明”可译为Studies indicated(showed)，陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时，后接that引导的宾语从句。从句为主系表结构。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。“投资这个软件公司”可译为 investing in the software company ，“值得的”为worthwhile作表语。故译为Studies indicated(showed) that investing in the software company isn’t worthwhile。 7．What can we do to protect the Milu Deer from disappearing again? 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时表示客观情况。表示“我们能做些什么”应用句子what can we do；表示“来保护麋鹿”应用短语to protect the Milu Deer ，为不定式作目的状语；表示“使他们不会再次消失”应用from disappearing again，其中protect from表“保护……免受”，为固定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为What can we do to protect the Milu Deer from disappearing again? 8．He attempted to escape from the prison. 【详解】考查动词短语。“试图做某事”使用动词短语 attempt to do sth，“从……逃跑”使用动词短语escape from，“监狱”使用名词prison，句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故翻译为：He attempted to escape from the prison. 9．I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 【详解】考查时态。“通过”使用动词pass，“驾照考试”译为driving test，“第一次尝试”使用固定短语at the first attempt，句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故翻译为：I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 10． Working hard can lead to success. Working hard can result in/bring about success. 【详解】考查动词短语。“努力工作”使用动词短语work hard，作主语使用动名词形式，“会”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，使用动词短语lead to“导致”，作谓语，“成功”使用名词success，作宾语，故可翻译为Working hard can lead to success.；“导致”也可使用动词短语result in/bring about，故也可翻译为：Working hard can result in/bring about success.。综上，故翻译为：①Working hard can lead to success.②Working hard can result in/bring about success. 11．You shouldn’t attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own. 【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语、不定式作宾语和介词短语。表示“不应该”应用情态动词shouldn’t，表示“试图”应用动词attempt，attempt to do“试图做某事”，表示“解决这个难题”应用solve this difficult problem，应用不定式形式作宾语，表示“独自一人”应用介词短语on your own，作状语。故翻译为You shouldn’t attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own。 12．I’m convinced that only with everyone’s contribution and participation can the campaign work wonders. 【详解】考查短语、宾语从句和倒装结构。“我相信”翻译为I’m convinced that...，后接宾语从句；“只有”用副词only，“有每个人的贡献和参与”翻译为with everyone’s contribution and participation；“这场运动”翻译为the campaign；“能”用情态动词can，“创造奇迹”翻译为work wonders；only后接介词短语，位于句首，句子用部分倒装结构，将情态动词can提到主语the campaign之前。故翻译为I’m convinced that only with everyone’s contribution and participation can the campaign work wonders. 13．The king found nobody making an attempt to move the stone and he was in despair. 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为the king；表示“发现某人做某事”短语为find sb. doing sth.；表示“没有人”用nobody；表示“试图”用making an attempt to do sth.；表示“搬走石头”短语为move the stone；and连接并列句；主语为he；表示“绝望”短语为be in despair。描述过去发生的事，为一般过去时。故翻译为The king found nobody making an attempt to move the stone and he was in despair. 14．The trials on patients were likely to be postponed/delayed/put off. It was likely that the trials on patients would be postponed/delayed/put off. 【详解】考查时态语态、短语和句型。本句在陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“在病人身上进行实验”译为the trials on patients，作主语，“可能做某事”译为be likely  to do sth.，“推迟”译为postpone/delay/put off，与主语为被动关系，所以使用动词不定式的被动语态。本句也可以用it be likely that，主句为一般过去时，从句为过去将来时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故翻译为The trials on patients were likely to be postponed/delayed/put off.或It was likely that the trials on patients would be postponed/delayed/put off. 15．She watched the bus until it completely disappeared from her sight. 【详解】考查名词、动词、介词短语、时态和状语从句。主语“她”用人称代词she，谓语“看着”用动词watch，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，宾语“公共汽车”用the bus；“直到它完全消失在视线中”是时间状语从句，用until引导，从句主语“它”用代词it，谓语“消失”用动词disappear，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，“完全”作状语，用副词completely，“消失在视线中”可理解为“从她的视线中消失”，用介词短语from her sight作状语。综上，全句译为She watched the bus until it completely disappeared from her sight. 16．Not until the energy crisis broke out in the country/hit the country did the people realize that there was a limit to/on the natural resources available to them/they could use. 【详解】考查定语从句、固定句型和部分倒装。本句描述过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。表示“直到……才……”的固定句型为“not until+时间状语从句，主句（部分倒装）”，not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，主句的主谓应部分倒装。表示“能源危机”名词短语为the energy crisis；表示“爆发”应用固定搭配broke out；表示“在这个国家爆发”可翻译为broke out in the country或者hit the country；表示“意识到”为动词realized；表示“是有限的”可用固定句型there was a limit to/on sth.；表示“可供他们使用的自然资源”可翻译为the natural resources available to them或者the natural resources they could use，先行词是the natural resources，指物，定语从句为they could use，关系代词在从句中作宾语可用that/which或省略。句首字母大写，故可翻译为Not until the energy crisis broke out in the country/hit the country did the people realize that there was a limit to/on the natural resources available to them/they could use。 17．Children should be taught to turn to others for help when they are in trouble. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、被动语态。表示“应该教会孩子”为被动语态，表示“孩子们”用children，表示“应该被教会做某事”用should be taught to do，表示“向他人寻求帮助”用turn to others for help，表示“当身陷困境时”用when引导的时间状语从句，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，表示“身陷困境”用be in trouble，主语为they，be动词用are。故翻译为Children should be taught to turn to others for help when they are in trouble. 18．On the back cover of the final issue were the words: as is a tale, so is life. 【详解】考查介词短语，完全倒装和动词时态。表示“在最后一期的封底上”用介词短语on the back cover of the final issue，其为表示地点的介词短语，当其置于句首时，构成全部倒装。根据汉语提示，句子表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时；表示“文字”用word此处表示复数意义，故使用words；同时表示“人生就像故事一样”用as is a tale, so is life，此处as引导状语从句，意为“如同；正像”，so置于句首，构成倒装结构，表示“……也如此”。故翻译为：On the back cover of the final issue were the words: As is a tale, so is life. 19．It was in the small village that the oldest known form of folk dance was first performed, becoming an integral part of the region’s cultural heritage. 【详解】考查强调句、时态语态、非谓语动词、形容词。结合题目要求此处用强调句“it is+被强调部分+that+其它”。句子陈述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时，故系动词用was。被强调部分为地点状语“在这个小村庄里”in the small village；表示“已知最古老的民间舞蹈形式”翻译为the oldest known form of folk dance，作主语；表示“表演”用perform，与主语为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was；表示“首次”用first；表示“成为”用become，作结果状语，用现在分词；表示“不可或缺的一部分”用an integral part of，其中“不可或缺的”用形容词integral，作定语；表示“该地区文化遗产”用the region’s cultural heritage。故翻译为It was in the small village that the oldest known form of folk dance was first performed, becoming an integral part of the region’s cultural heritage. 20．Efforts are underway to prevent looting and illegal trafficking from destroying invaluable cultural heritage artefacts, ensuring that future generations can appreciate and study them. 【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“各种努力”用复数名词efforts，在句中作主语；“正在进行”用短语be underway，后接不定式作目的状语；“防止……”用短语prevent...from...，后接动名词作宾语；“掠夺和非法交易”翻译为 looting and illegal trafficking；“破坏无价的文化遗产艺术品”翻译为destroy invaluable cultural heritage artefacts；“从而保证未来世代能够欣赏和研究它们”翻译为 ensure that future generations can appreciate and study them，用现在分词作结果状语。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为Efforts are underway to prevent looting and illegal trafficking from destroying invaluable cultural heritage artefacts, ensuring that future generations can appreciate and study them. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修二UNIT 1 Cultural Heritage（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的主题为 “人与社会” 中的 “历史、社会与文化”，通过介绍文化遗产的重要性和保护方法，引导学生关注社会问题，增强社会责任感。学案中包括记叙文、说明文等不同语篇类型，例如 “FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS” 是一篇说明文，介绍了文化遗产保护的案例和方法, 通过学习不同语篇类型，学生能够提高阅读理解和写作能力强调文化遗产保护的重要性和方法。 1. 通过电话、电子邮件、明信片等媒介，预定旅行行程、交流旅行计划，能理解并正确运用现在进行时表示将来的计划； 2. 能够通过角色扮演，口头分享讨论成果；通过口语表达练习新闻采访时应记录的内容，能够自然得体地启动交谈或讨论。； 3. 能够顺利阅读描述事件发展过程的叙事文本，理解其文体特征及语言特点，有效获取信息；能够掌握新闻报道的常见文体结构、标题特征和语言特点，学会使用新闻报道中的常见语言结构； 4. 能够写简单的新闻报道； 5. 能够通过浏览图形、图像、视频、音频甚至现场的实物、场景等相关图文内容，快速获取关键信息。 01-重点词汇背记 1．an ancient ________ 一所古老的寺庙 2．on ________ Tai 在泰山上 3．the ________ palace 以前的宫殿 4．a clear ________ 一条清晰的线索 5．lead to ________ 导致抗议 6．be ________ to damage a number of temples 可能破坏很多寺庙 7．a new ________ 一个新的委员会 8．________ our own club 建立我们自己的俱乐部 9．________ damage to the Egyptian buildings 限制对埃及建筑的破坏 10．________ the ________ of cultural relics 阻止文化遗迹的消失 11．from different ________ 从不同的部门 12．raise ________ 筹集资金 13．________ a few weeks 几周之内 14．________ several tests 实施几次测试 15．sign a ________ 签署一个文件 16．________ the building of the dam 尝试建造这个大坝 17．a ________ movie 值得一看的电影 18．________ from the world forever 从世界上永远消失 02-核心词形拓展 1．①a ________ (adj.) plan 一个有创造性的计划 ②work ________ (adv.) 创造性地工作 ③________ (vt.) a new song 创作一首新歌 ④my own ________ (n.) 我自己的创作 2．①keep the right ________ (n.) 保持适当的平衡 ②a ________ (adj.) diet 均衡的饮食 3．①accept my ________ (n.) 接受我的提议 ②________ (vt.) a new design 提出一个新的设计 4．①________ (vt.) a lot to society 为社会做出很多贡献 ②make great ________ (n.) 做出巨大捐献 5．①________ (vt.) the issue 调查这个问题 ②carry out an ________ (n.) 开展一项调查 6．①________ nearly $80 million 捐赠了接近8000万美元 ②in a recent ________ (n.) 在近期的一次捐赠中 03-重点词块闪记 1．________________ 参与(某事)；参加(某活动) 2．________________ 让步；屈服 3．________________ 保持平衡 4．________________ 导致 5．________________ 提出建议 6．________________ 向……求助；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；转向 7．________________ 阻止； 不准 8．________________ 向……捐赠…… 9．________________ 确保；设法保证 10．work together ________________ 04-巧记词缀和短语 1.前缀dis-，表示“不，消失”。例如： dis＋appear→disappear 　 消失 dis＋like→dislike 不喜欢 dis＋agree→disagree 不同意 dis＋honest→dishonest 不诚实的 dis＋able→disable 使丧失能力 2．“make a＋名词”构成动词短语 make a proposal 提出建议 make a plan 制订计划 make a promise 许下诺言 make a decision 做出决定 make a living 谋生 05-重点句型 1．[句型]There comes a time when...“……的时代已经到来”。 [教材原句]________________________________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 2．[句型]not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”， not only位于句首时， not only后的分句要用部分倒装。 [教材原句]________________________________________ to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 3．[句型]v.-ing作主语 [教材原句]___________________________________________________________________ between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在进步与文化遗址保护之间寻找并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。 06-长难句分析 1．[教材原句]There comes a time (when the old must give way to the new), and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. [分析] There comes a time第一分句 (when the old must give way to the new) 定语从句, and并列连词it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the第二分句 future． [翻译]_____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2．[教材原句]After listening to the scientists (who had studied the problem), and citizens (who lived near the dam), the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. [分析] After listening to the scientists时间状语 (who had studied the problem) 定语从句, and citizens (who lived near the dam)，定语从句 the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959句子主干． [翻译]___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．[教材原句]Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. [分析] Temples and other cultural sites主语 were taken down谓语 piece by piece, and then moved and put back together并列谓语again in a place where they were safe from the water定语从句． [翻译]___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1　While-Reading　 [读文清障] [1] give way to 让步；屈服 [2] preserve/prɪ'zɜːv/vt.保存；保护；维持　n．保护区 preserve...from/against (doing) sth.保护……免受…… [3] balance/'bæləns/n.平衡；均衡　vt.使平衡 keep balance保持平衡 [4] between...and...在……和……之间 [5] challenge n．挑战 [6] lead to导致(to是介词) [7] dam/dæm/n.水坝；拦河坝 [8] in order to do sth.为了做某事 [9] supply sth. to sb.＝supply sb. with sth.向某人提供某物 [10] proposal/prə'pəʊzl/n.提议；建议 make a proposal提出建议 [11] protest/'prəʊtest/n.抗议 /prə'test/vi.& vt.(公开)反对；抗议 [12] likely/'laɪkli/adj.可能的　adv.可能地 be likely to do sth.可能做某事 [13] a number of...一些……；许多…… [14] turn to向……求助 turn to sb. for help向某人求助 [15] committee/kə'mɪti/n.委员会 [16] establish/ɪ'stæblɪʃ/vt.建立；创立 [17] limit/'lɪmɪt/n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定 [18] prevent/prɪ'vent/vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠 prevent...from...阻止；不准 [19] loss/lɒs/n.丧失；损失 [20] contribution/ˌkɒntrɪ'bjuːʃn/n.捐款；贡献；捐赠 make a contribution/contributions to为……做贡献；向……捐款 contribute/kən'trɪbjuːt/vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 contribute...to...为……贡献/捐献…… [21] department/dɪ'pɑːtmənt/n.部；司；科 [22] fund/fʌnd/n.基金；专款 [23] within/wɪ'ðɪn/prep.& adv.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 [24] investigate/ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt/vi.& vt.调查；研究 investigation n．(正式的)调查，侦查 [25] issue/'ɪʃuː；BrE also'ɪsjuː/n.重要议题；争论的问题　vt.宣布；公布 [26] conduct/'kɒndʌkt/n.行为；举止；管理方法 /kən'dʌkt/vt.组织；安排；带领 [27] document/'dɒkjumənt/n.文件；公文；(计算机)文档　vt.记录；记载(详情) [28] take down拆卸；记下 [29] put back将……放回原处 [30] countless adj.无数的；数不尽的 count v．数数 [31]donate...to...向……捐赠…… donate/dəʊ'neɪt/vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血) donation n．捐赠物；捐赠；赠送 [32] success n．成功的事，此处是抽象名词具体化的用法。 [33] a path to...通往……的道路 [34] alive adj.继续存在的 [35]disappear/ˌdɪsə'pɪə(r)/vi.消失；灭绝；消亡 appear vi.出现 dis-是否定前缀，表示相反或否定。 [课文呈现] FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes 【1】 a time when the old must give way to[1] the new 【2】， and it is not possible to preserve[2] 【3】 everything from our past as we move towards the future 【4】. Finding and keeping the right balance[3] between progress and[4] the protection of cultural sites 【5】 can be a big challenge[5]. 【1】此处是there be 句型，属于完全倒装结构，该句型中be还可用come, appear, lie, live, stand, remain, exist等动词替换。 【2】此处是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a time。 “a time when...”意为“一段……的时期”。 【3】此处是it is not possible to do sth.结构，意为“做……是不可能的”。it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。 【4】此处as在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时、随着”。 【5】动词-ing短语“Finding and keeping...”在句中作主语。 Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to[6] great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam[7] across the Nile in order to[8] control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to[9] more farmers in the area. But the proposal[10] led to protests[11]. Water from the dam would likely[12] damage a number of[13] temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage 【6】. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam 【7】， the government turned to[14] the United Nations for help in 1959. 【6】此处是定语从句，修饰先行词cultural relics，关系词that在从句中作主语，不能省略。 【7】此处含有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词the scientists和citizens，关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略。 A committee[15] was established[16] to limit[17] damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent[18]the loss[19]of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions[20] from different departments[21]and raised funds[22]within[23] he international community. Experts investigated[24] the issue[25], conducted[26] several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved 【8】. Finally, a document[27] was signed, and the work began in 1960. 【8】此处是 how 引导的宾语从句，作介词for的宾语。 The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down[28] piece by piece, and then moved and put back[29] together again in a place where they were safe from the water 【9】. In 1961, German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years, thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless[30] cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to[31] the project. 【9】此处是定语从句，先行词是a place, 关系副词where在定语从句中作状语。 When the project ended in 1980, it was considered a great success[32]. Not only had the countries found a path to[33] the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow 【10】． 【10】本句中“not only...but (also)．..”连接两个分句，且not only 位于句首时， not only 后的分句要用部分倒装语序，但but (also)后的分句不倒装。句中第一个that引导定语从句，修饰a path。关系词that在从句中作主语，不能省略；句中第二个that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语。 The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive[34] today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing[35]【11】. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the global community can sometimes provide a solution. 【11】此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰UNESCO；从句中还包括that引导的定语从句，修饰a programme。 [参考译文] 从问题重重到迎刃而解 社会进步需要经济发展。新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。在社会进步与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。 然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。二十世纪五十年代，埃及政府打算在尼罗河上新建一座大坝，可以防洪、发电，并为该地区更多的农民供水。但是，该提案引发了抗议，因为大坝泄流可能会破坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。(埃及)政府在听取了研究该问题的科学家以及大坝附近居民的意见后，于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。 (联合国)成立了一个委员会，旨在减少对那些埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物损失。该委员会请求各部门捐款，并在国际社会筹集资金。专家们经过调查研究，多次试验，提出了一个保住那些建筑的方案。最终，(埃及政府)签署了一份文件，于1960年开始动工。 该项目集聚了来自世界各地的政府机构和环保人士。人们将寺庙和其他文化遗址逐块拆解，运至一个不受河水侵袭的安全地带，再按原样复原。1961年，德国工程师搬迁了第一座寺庙。在随后的二十年里，数千名工程师和工人拯救了22座寺庙和不计其数的文物。50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。 1980年该项目完工时，被视为一个巨大的成功。这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 阿斯旺大坝工程的精神今日尚存。能体现这种精神的最好的例子或许就是联合国教科文组织；该组织有一项计划，旨在防止全球各地世界文化遗产的消失。如果一个问题对某一个国家来说难度太大，那么国际社会有时可为其提供一个解决方案。 Step 2　Detailed-Reading　 Task 1 文本整体理解：理清文章架构 What's the main idea of the text? A．A committee was needed. B．The proposal leads to protests. C．A big challenge can sometimes lead to solution. D．The project of a new dam was successful. Task 2 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解 阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)Why did the Egyptian government want to build a new dam in the 1950s? A．To improve the economy. B．To improve transportation. C．To build a tourist attraction. D．To benefit the area. (2)Why did the building of the dam lead to protests? A．It would damage the fields. B．It would cost a lot of money. C．It would damage the cultural relics. D．It would damage natural environment. (3)Before the building of the dam, what problems did the Nile river bring to the Egyptians? ___________________________________________________________________ (4)Why did the government ask the UN for help? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．表达的技巧 (1)第2、3行中使用了“There comes a time ...”完全倒装句式， 其中comes用词形象、直观地突出了“新旧更替的时代已经到来”，第3、4行中使用了it is not possible to do sth.，这种句式简单明了。第5、6行中使用了Finding and keeping ...动名词短语作主语，起总结性作用。 完成下面句子： ①______________________________ the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 ②_____________________________________ benefits everyone. 保护环境使每个人都能受益。 (2)第13行中的likely 用作副词，说明了建设大坝会对当地许多寺庙和文化遗产造成损坏的可能性。likely用作副词的情况不多，但此处使用简洁，表达意义明晰。 阅读文章第三、四段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)How did the government save the cultural relics? A．By stopping the project. B．By moving them to a safe place. C．By repairing cultural relics. D．By calling for donation. (2)Which one can describe the project? A．Successful.　　　　　B．Negative. C．Useless. D．Doubtful. (3)What words can you think of to describe the working process of the project? __________________________________________________________________________ 2．表达的技巧 第四段中使用了较多的数字，形象直观地说明了当时人们为拯救阿斯旺大坝地区的文化遗产所付出的艰辛和巨大努力。 赏析下面的句群，体会数字在说明文中的作用： Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide，cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 上述句群中的数字使事件描述得更加直观、具体、形象，使读者更加体会到这次灾难的破坏力之大，一幅惨不忍睹的画面跃然纸上。 阅读文章第五、六段，完成下列题目 1．文意的理解 (1)What can be learned from the Aswan Dam project? A．It is not suitable for the present time. B．The protection of cultural sites is easy. C．The cooperation can solve difficult problems. D．The cultural heritages are disappearing because of construction. (2)How many years did it take to rebuild the cultural relics? _____________________________________ (3)What is the most important to rebuild the cultural relics? _____________________________________ 2．表达的技巧 第38～40行中not only ...but (also) ...倒装句式的使用，突出了“多个国家合作的力量是巨大的”，语气强烈。第43行中的alive用词生动，栩栩如生，给句子赋予了一定的活力和生命力。 Task 3 读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　 课文标题FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS直接点明了文章是关于从提出问题到解决问题的问题解决型说明文。作者以时间顺序行文：提出问题—分析问题—解决问题—得出结果。文章在最后特别强调了人们在重大困难面前所表现出的互帮互助、团结奋斗和乐于奉献的阿斯旺大坝精神。 阅读技巧：在阅读问题解决型说明文时，读者可以重点关注文中解决问题的段落，紧紧抓住文中诸如时间、数字等关键词汇，进而理解文章的大意。另外，读者还可以通过文章的标题、插图来把握文章的内容。 Task 4 最后知选文意图，思有何价值　 合作才能共赢 文章最后一段总结了“阿斯旺大坝工程的精神”，即“如果一个问题对某一个国家来说难度太大，那么国际社会有时可为其提供一个解决方案”。结合本文倒数第二段提到“they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow (他们也明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性)”，通过成功建设阿斯旺大坝并同时保护了文化遗产，这些国家认识到文化遗产保护需要世界各国和全社会的共同努力，由此可以得知合作共赢的重要性。当今时代，人类社会是一个相互依存的共同体，这已经成为共识。以合作共赢的理念促改革、谋发展，“合”力巨大，“和”以致远，同舟共济渡难关，合作创新向未来，将会成为社会发展的主流。 请体会并记住下面的句子： ①Unity is strength.团结就是力量。 ②Success lies in cooperation.成功在于合作。 ③Together for a Shared Future.一起向未来。 ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1(教材原句p4)There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 ◎句型公式：There comes a time when...……的时代到来 (1)This is/was a time when... 是……的时候 (2)There was a time when... 曾经一度……；有一段时间…… [写作佳句]　There comes a time when children need to know more knowledge of safety. 是时候让孩子们了解更多安全知识了。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①There comes a time ________ you have to make decisions by yourself. ②There was once a time ________ women were not allowed to go to school. [写作应用] ③你必须做选择的时候到了。 ________________________ you have to make a choice. 2(教材原句p4)Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在社会进步与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。 ◎balance n．平衡；均衡；余额　vt.使平衡 (1)keep/lose (one's) balance 保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 (2)balance...against 权衡，比较 (3)balanced adj. 平衡的；和谐的；安定的 [写作佳句]　I quickly approached Mark. But all of a sudden I lost (my) balance and fell into the water. 我快速靠近马克。但是突然， 我失去平衡， 掉进水里了。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/写出加黑词的词性及含义 ①Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages. ②To keep fit, first of all, you'd better keep a ________ (balance) diet. ③I must check my bank balance to find out how much money I have in my credit card.________ [写作运用]——应用文之建议信 ④保持学习和社交生活的平衡很重要。 It is very important to ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. 3(教材原句p4)Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. 然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。 ◎lead to (to为介词) 导致；造成(后果)；通向 lead sb. to do... 使某人做…… lead sb. to... 引领某人到…… lead the way 带路 lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活 [写作佳句]　As the old saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”常言道，“条条大路通罗马。” [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads ________ failure. ②Our English teacher often divides us into groups and leads us ________ (practice) speaking English. ③With the little boy ________ (带路), we had no difficulty finding his house. [写作佳句]——应用文佳句 ④现在中国人过着幸福的生活，春节比以往任何时候都更有趣。 Now people in China ______________________， and the Spring Festival is much more interesting than ever. 4(教材原句P4)But the proposal led to protests. 但该提案引发了抗议。 ◎proposal n．提议；建议 (1)make a proposal 提出建议 (2)propose vt. 提议，建议 propose doing sth. 建议做某事 propose that...(should) do sth. 提议……(应该)做某事 [写作佳句]　I'm writing to make a proposal about the “Green Campus” activity to be carried out in our school. 我写信提出关于将在我们学校开展的“绿色校园”活动的建议。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①His proposal that the old tower should ________ (preserve) at once attracted the government's attention. ②One of my classmates proposed ________ (place) them in order, so we got down to work immediately. [写作运用]——一句多译 他建议每个人都应该努力使我们的国家更强大。 ③He ______________ that everyone ______________ to make our country stronger.(proposal n．) ④He ________ that everyone ________________ to make our country stronger.(propose vt.) ⑤He ________ that everyone ________________ make our country stronger.(recommend vt.) [名师点津]　proposal/propose/recommend后接that从句时，谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。 5(教材原句P4)Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.因为大坝泄流可能会破坏许多寺庙，摧毁一批文物，而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。 ◎likely adj.可能的　adv.可能地 (1)sb./sth. be likely to...＝It's likely that sb./sth.... 很可能…… (2)be unlikely to...＝It is unlikely that... 不可能…… [写作佳句]　If you come to our school, you are likely to meet some difficult problems in your life. 如果你来到我们的学校，在你的生活中你可能会遇到一些难题。 [写作运用]——一句多译 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。 ①________________ suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ②________________ you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 6(教材原句P4)．..the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 政府于1959年向联合国寻求帮助。 ◎turn to向……求助；致力于，从事于；翻到(书的某页)；转向 turn down 关小；拒绝 turn in 交上；提交 turn up 出现；露面；调大 turn out 证明是；结果是 [写作佳句]　Whenever I have difficulties in my English study, you are the one that I will turn to first. 当我在英语学习中遇到困难时，你是我第一个求助的人。 [牛刀小试]——写出加黑词的含义 ①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.________ ②Please turn to page 40 as soon as possible.________ ③More and more people turn to computer science.________ ④You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.________ [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ⑤收到高度赞扬和热烈响应的这个讲座结果非常成功。 The lecture which received high praise and warm response ________________________________________________________________________. 7(教材原句P4)A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. (联合国)成立了一个委员会，旨在减少对那些埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物损失。 ◎limit n．限度；限制　vt.限制；限定 (1)without limit 无限制地 there is no limit to... ……没有限制 to the limit 挑战极限；到最大程度 (2)limit...to 将……限制在 (3)limited adj. 有限的 [写作佳句]　It is worthwhile to limit your time of surfing the Internet.限制你上网的时间是值得的。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to ________ (serve) the people. ②I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit ________ what I can do. ③The number of the members is ________ (limit), so you'd better sign up on our homepage as soon as possible. [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ④时间对我们学生来说似乎是有限的，所以更多的学生即使在十分钟的休息时间也努力学习。 ________________________________________， so more students try to study even during the ten-minute break. ◎prevent...from...阻止；不准 (1)prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 (2)protect...from... 保护……不受…… (3)prevention n. 预防；阻止；防止 [写作佳句]　Staying at home is the best way to prevent you and your family from getting infected. 待在家里是阻止你和家人被传染的最好办法。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ⑤It's high time we took measures to prevent water ________ (pollute)． ⑥Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes ________ the sun. [写作运用]——应用文之环境保护 ⑦人们采取了很多措施来美化环境， 比如预防污染， 栽树等。 Many measures were taken to beautify the environment such as ________________________. ◎loss n．丧失；损失 (1)at a loss 不知所措，困惑 suffer a loss 遭受(……的)损失 (2)lost adj. 失去的；丧失的；迷惑的 be lost in 全神贯注；沉浸于 [写作佳句]　I'm at a loss whether I should bring a small gift or not when I call on him. 我不知道拜访他时我是否应该带点小礼物。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ⑧I am sorry to hear that you suffered a great ________ (lose) when a storm hit your hometown. ⑨Jerry stood up and walked around the living room, ________ (lose) in thought. [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ⑩他下定决心尽最大努力弥补损失。 He was determined to try his best to ________________________． 8(教材原句P4)The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. 该组织向不同部门寻求捐款，并在国际社会筹集资金。 ◎contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠 (1)make contributions/a contribution to 对……做出贡献 (2)contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助 contribute sth. to... 把某物捐献给…… contribute to 促成；造成；向……投稿 [写作佳句]　In a word, I was proud of making great contributions to spreading Chinese culture. 总之，我为自己对传播中国文化作出的巨大贡献感到自豪。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/写出加黑词的含义 ①It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum ________ the charity. ②We sincerely hope that our proposals can contribute to ________ (improve) the former app. ③Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.________ [写作运用]——应用文之倡议书 ④他们已经意识到他们应该学会为人民服务， 并为社会做贡献。 They have realized they should learn to serve the people and ___________________________ society. 9(教材原句P4)Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project. 50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。 ◎donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血) (1)donate...to... 向……捐赠…… (2)donation n. 捐献；捐赠；捐款；捐赠物 make a donation to... 向……捐赠 (3)donator n. 捐赠者 [写作佳句]　Luckily, many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education.幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了大笔钱帮助他们接受大学教育。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①On the way, we bought books and toys with the money ________ (donate) by our classmates. ②I was inspired to make a ________ (donate) to the organization immediately after the dinner. [写做运用]——词汇转换 ③The famous singer made a promise to the public that he would give away ￥ 1，000，000 to help the disabled.________ [名师点津]　donate...to...中的to是介词， 其后接名词、代词或动名词。 10(教材原句P4)Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 ◎句型公式： not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分 (1)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与but (also)后面的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 (2)连接两个并列句且not only 置于句首时， not only后面的句子要用部分倒装， but (also)后面的句子不倒装。 [写作佳句]　They are not only experienced, but also patient and understanding. 他们不仅经验丰富，而且有耐心、善解人意。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, ________ (take) great interest in the piano lessons. ②The British and the Americans ________________________________________ (不仅说同一种语言，而且) share a large number of social customs. [写作佳句]——句式升级 ③The exhibition not only broadens our horizons, but it also helps improve our taste in beauty. →________________ the exhibition broaden our horizons, ________________ helps improve our taste in beauty.(倒装) 11(教材原句P5)Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam? 埃及政府为什么想要尝试建造这座大坝呢？ ◎attempt n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试 (1)attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；尝试做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 尝试做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 [写作佳句]　He attempted to prevent the accident from happening, but failed at last. 他尝试阻止事故的发生， 但是， 最终还是失败了。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①Believe it or not, he broke the record ________ the first attempt. ②They made an attempt ________ (recover) the lost cultural relics. [写作运用]——一句多译 我试图扔石头把狼吓走，但是没用。 ③I ________________________ the wolf away by throwing stones at it, but failed. ④I ________________________ the wolf away by throwing stones at it，but failed. 12(教材原句P5)We must protect the temple and make sure that no damage is done. 我们必须保护寺庙，确保不造成任何损害。 ◎make sure 确保；设法保证 (1)make sure 确保……；弄清楚…… (2)be sure of/that... 确信…… be sure to do sth. 一定会/要做某事 [写作佳句]　The department is established to make sure that everything goes well. 设立这个部门是为了确保一切顺利。 [写作运用]——应用文佳句 ①聚会将在下周五下午6点到8点在101房间举行。 请千万不要错过。 The party will be held in Room 101 from 6：00 p．m. to 8：00 p．m. next Friday. Please ______________ you won't miss it. ②我写信向你们表示最热烈的欢迎，我相信你们在北京的大学期间会有最难忘的经历。 I'm writing to express my warmest welcome to you and ________________ you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. ③下次你来北京，一定要提前让我知道。 Next time you come to Beijing, ______________ let me know in advance. 13(教材原句P5)A lot of money was spent to protect the temples.Do you think it was worthwhile? 人们花了很多钱来保护寺庙。你认为值得吗？ ◎worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的 (1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 做某事是值得的。 (2)worth adj. 有……的价值，值得……的 be worth doing 值得做 [写作佳句]　Seeing the children's bright smiles，　all of us considered the visit to be well worthwhile. 看到孩子们灿烂的笑容， 我们都认为这次参观很值得。 [牛刀小试]——单句语法填空 ①As we all know, it is worthwhile ________ (preserve) cultural relics and historic sites. ②I don't think all the TV shows are worth ________ (watch) or suitable for us students to watch. [写作运用]——应用文之建议信 ③最后但同样重要的是，读有趣的汉语新闻是值得的，这能够帮助你提高你对汉语的兴趣。 Last but not least, ________________________________ interesting Chinese news, which can help you increase your interest in Chinese. 一、单词拼写 1．Since teenagers have difficulty (平衡) these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. 2．Due to the widespread (应用) of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage. 3．The historic building is well (保存). 4．Due to his excellent performance at work, he was (晋升) to the position of manager. 5．I (登上) the mountain and found a fountain with large amount of water. 6．Tourists should raise awareness of avoiding disturbing the (平衡) of nature on the island. 7．People have realized that human activities (促成) to global warming. 8．We must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to (平衡) the nature. 9．There is no doubt that the activity helped to (促进) their friendship. 10．I’ll also need to be very careful about (平衡) my schoolwork and hobbies. 11．She then decided to play all her passion for the city out as a full-time designer of cultural and (有创意的) products with Beijing features. 12．Students learned many practical (应用) of their research they had conducted in the classroom. 13．Active learners do not accept they learn. They (尝试) to find the truth at the heart of each idea. 14．Unemployment is (可能的) to go on rising this year. 15．The President's trip to Washington this week seems to have been (值得的)． 16．He had learned in the (系) of English for four years before he graduated. 17．Although there is no (限制) to the amount of money you can bring into don’t carry large sums of money with you. . 18．People from Colombia are (很可能的) to approach people closely and kiss them on the cheek. 19．Believe it or not, her leaving is definitely a great (损失) to your company. 20．These days many people have the flu. So what should we do (阻止) it? 二、语法填空 1．After continuous (attempt), he received (finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain. 2．I admire Edison a lot because he made a (contribute) to the world. 3．If these moments can make me smile, even with a sense of ( lose), what better home can I ask for? 4．The first medieval universities are generally- considered (establish) in Italy, France and England in the late 11th and 12th centuries. 5．It is worthwhile (invest) time in learning about one’s cultural heritage, as it enriches personal identity and understanding. 6．The festival organizers aim to celebrate cultural diversity the limits of respecting all participating communities’ traditions. 7．Donations from private sectors significantly contribute funding the maintenance of historic sites. 8．Educational programs that focus on cultural history (contribute) to a deeper appreciation of our heritage among young people. 9．A (balance) approach to urban planning ensures that new developments do not harm cultural heritage sites. 10．Authorities must balance the interests of tourists the integrity of cultural sites to ensure sustainable tourism. 11．Historians make critical (contribute) to society by researching and documenting the past, ensuring that history is not forgotten. 12．The government strongly proposed that each one should make (contribute) to building a low-carbon city. 13．Not until then I realise words could be powerful in positive and negative ways. 14．As an exchange student, not only you good at writing in English, but also you study well and live a healthy life. 15．I will never forget the time we spent on the farm. 16．It is worthwhile (work) hard. 17．The company made a donation 20,000 yuan to charity. 18．He donated a large sum of money Project Hope. 19．The plan might be prevented from (be) carried out. 20．The (propose) put forward by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving. 三、翻译 1．你越紧张就越不可能得到问题的正确答案（tense） 2．他说：“显然，只有一种方法可以令你们信服。我们必须做个实验。” 3．无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人，毕竟学习无捷径。(Never) 4．这位收藏家之所以把价值无法估量的藏品捐赠给上海博物馆是因为他对这座以包容性和多样性著称的城市有着深刻的感情。（The reason） 5．今晚很可能会有暴风雪袭击这个区域。(likely adj.) 6．研究表明投资这个软件公司是不值得的。(worthwhile) 7．我们能做些什么来保护麋鹿，使他们不会再次消失？ 8．他试图从监狱里逃跑。（attempt v. ） 9．我第一次尝试考驾照就通过了。（attempt n. ） 10．努力工作就会成功。 ① ② 11．你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt to） 12．我相信，只有每个人的贡献和参与，这场运动才能创造奇迹。 13．国王发现没有人试图搬走石头，他绝望了。 14．在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely） . 15．她看着公共汽车，直到它完全消失在视线中。(disappear) 16．直到能源危机在这个国家爆发，人们才意识到可供他们使用的自然资源是有限的。（Not until; limit n.） 17．应该教会孩子当身陷困境时要向他人寻求帮助。（turn） 18．在最后一期的封底上印着这样的文字：人生就像故事一样。（On....） _______________________________________________________________________________ 19．正是在这个小村庄里首次表演了已知最古老的民间舞蹈形式，使之成为了该地区文化遗产不可或缺的一部分。(强调句) 20．正在进行各种努力，防止掠夺和非法交易破坏无价的文化遗产艺术品，从而保证未来世代能够欣赏和研究它们。（prevent...from...） ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$