阅读理解专项训练 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

授课主题 阅读理解专项训练S 课 堂 导 入 专题导入 English proverb learning 1. A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 恶其始者必恶其终。 2. A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept. 坏习惯像鲜馅饼，分食要比保存好。 3. A bad thing never dies. 坏事传千年。 4. A bird may be known by its song. 什么鸟唱什么歌。 5. A bit in the morning is better than nothing all day. 略有胜于全无。 6. A blind man who leans against a wall imagines that it's the boundary of the world. 坐井观天。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 知 识 讲 解 考点梳理 一、Reading skills practice – reading habits（阅读习惯） 阅读理解是令大多考生畏难的一大问题，主要表现在阅读的准确度低。在此我们采用 “三主一问”的方法作为阅读理解的解题思路。所谓“三主”（主题、主线、主谓）即抓文章的主题思想、布局结构的主线以及各关键句子的主谓结构；“一问”即根据文章后面所设问题而思索：此题的考点在哪里？一篇文章要是抓住了全文的主题思想，领会了贯穿全文的结构线路，把握了关键句的主谓结构，针对问题找信息、答案，阅读中准确度低的问题也就比较容易解决了。 做阅读理解题是先读文章还是先读后面的问题呢？答案因人而异。英语水平较高，阅读速度较快的考生可以先通读短文，一边阅读一边思考文章的主旨大意, 理解文章的细节, 基本理解原文之后再看考题及选项并做出选择，遇上个别无把握的题时再回头查阅短文的相关部分，仔细推敲定夺，以求准确无误得高分。但这种方法只适合那些有能力获取优异成绩的考生，其优点是对文章有一个总的概念和印象，缺点是，费时间，对文章的细节记不清楚。对于大多数考生来说，考试的时间较为紧迫，我们建议使用阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。 第一步：略读短文把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文每段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意，做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思考的方向。 第二步：浏览问题，有的放矢 浏览题目，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已有所了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反应并覆盖了文章内容的主干。先阅读问题再阅读全文可以做到“成竹在胸”。 第三步：分析判断确定答案      有了前两步的定位，第三步就该敲定答案了。这一步是做题的关键，一不小心就会前功尽弃。需要注意的是，一些看似简单的问题，不能掉以轻心；尤其当文章内容涉及常识或你所熟悉的知识范畴时，事实、观点要以文章为准，而不能跟着自己的感觉走。因为这里考的是你的阅读理解能力，而不是你对某种文化、知识的掌握程度，因此选择答案绝对不能脱离文章内容或作者观点，单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。     这种三步到位方法其优点是事半功倍，考生可以抓紧时间，集中精力进行有针对性地阅读、解题。其缺点是有时可能会遗漏关键细节，从而产生理解偏差，答错题。因此做完之后再忙也应抽出一定的时间将答案检查一遍。     对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的考生来说不妨直接从第二步开始：先浏览所有五道题的题目，对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解。然后逐一解答。先寻读短文的相关部分，然后选择正确答案。如遇有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题可先放一放，等做完其他题再做这类题会容易一些。先难后易，各个击破。这种方法能在相对短的时间里做完阅读理解部分，但准确率不高。对于那些如采用上述前两种方法则在规定时间内根本做不完试题，对文章只能一知半解看了后面忘前面，词汇量不足的考生来说不能不说是一种万不得已的办法。 另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语（主题句，关键词）下面划线，标上记号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也便于阅读，节省时间，使阅读更加积极。并且对于记忆力稍差的考生而言，记住几个重要句子和信息要比记住全文容易得多了。所以，我们建议对阅读文章中的主要句子和关键词标出记号并重点阅读。 考生应具备的阅读理解能力包括：考生应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料，能以每分钟60－70词的速度阅读各种题材和体裁；掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；抓住用以阐述主旨的事实和相关细节；能根据上下文判断某些陌生词或短语的意义；能够根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理；并且能够领会作者的意图和态度。根据所读材料，考生应能：     l）理解主旨要义；     2）理解文中的具体信息；     3）理解文中的概念性含义；     4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；     5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；     6）理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；     7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；     8）能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等做出简单的分析和判断。 阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。短文内容涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。一般以论说文为主，也有一些实用文体，如信函、表格数据等。 阅读的基本技巧     阅读应试的基本方法有3种，一种是略读，第二种是精读(scrutinizing)，第三种是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。 精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解整个段 落的意思。寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。通过略读，我们 可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息，而精读是针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的 解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 Passage A An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.① Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.② There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbor's house! 1. An old friend of mine called ______. A. to tell me to meet him at the airport B. to tell me about his arrival C. to ask me to leave the office D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival 2. My friend climbed into the room because ______. A. there was an apple tree outside B. the living room window was left open C. he had difficulty opening the door D. he hadn't found the key 3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______. A. from my home B. at the airport C. in his office D. from my neighbor's house Total words:211 Reading time: ______ Reading speed: ______ 难句注释 ① I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator. 我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。 ② I listened to all this in great surprise. 我很吃惊地听着这一切。 in surprise 意为“吃惊地”。 ③ When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house... 当我问他找房子是否有困难时…… have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“在做某事方面有困难”，也可以说：have trouble (in) doing sth. 如： I have some difficulty understanding him. 我理解他有些困难。 Did you have any trouble in finding his house? 你找到他家有困难吗？ 英语中还有have difficulty with sth. 和have trouble with sth. 如： I don’t have much difficulty with English grammar. 我学英语语法并没有太多的困难。 I hope you won't have any trouble with the work. 我希望你应付这工作没有困难。 Passage B If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties. At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they are for other people, but when they are for me, I just don't like them. I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe him.② On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.” And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room. They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③ 1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday. B. I dislike birthday parties held for me. C. Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday. D. I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room. 2. I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school. A. living room B. bedroom C. bathroom D. dining room 3. What did my friends plan to do? A. They planned to leave the room as soon as possible. B. They planned to sing as loudly as they could. C. They planned to eat in the bathroom. D. They had planned to come out of hiding places together. Total words:223 Reading time: ______ Reading speed: ______ 难句注释 ① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me. 至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。 ② I should have known better than to believe him. 我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。 should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。 ③ I really upset their plans by going in...我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。 by doing sth. 通过做某事的方式。 Passage C In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.① They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠). Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.② Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.③ We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend! 1. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend? A. understanding. B. honesty. C. reliability. D. a sense of humor. 2. If you have fair weather friends, ______. A. they will give you all that they have when you need help B. you will be refused when you get into trouble C. you will become rich D. you can be sure that you get real friends 3. Good friends need to ______. A. always point out each other's mistakes B. be helped with money C. understand each other's feelings D. have money or luck 4. This passage mainly discuss ______ . A. the qualities of a friend B. where to choose friends C. how to get along with friends D. the importance of having a friend Total words:362 Reading time: ______ Reading speed: ______ 难句注释 ①Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. 有时你会遇到不能与你共患难的朋友。 ②In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. 总之，一个朋友会尽量理解我、接受我。 in short “简而言之”。 ③A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. 一个特殊的朋友是和我们在一起共快乐的人。 with whom we can have fun是定语从句，修饰someone。 Passage D There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 1 you, but don't understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only 2 friends leave footprints (脚印). I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 3 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend. It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 4 on the cool 5 . In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, 6 to the sound of them. Autumn is a 7 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 8 . But one day, the sound of a violin 9 into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 10 in playing her violin. I had 11 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music,① I didn't know that I had been 12 there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her. Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building 13 I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 14 . 15 we didn't know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me. Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 16 . To my astonishment, the girl came over to me. “You must like violin.” she said. “Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked. Suddenly, a 17 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that 18 me.” she said. “In fact, it was your playing 19 gave me a meaningful autumn,②” I answered, “Let's be friends.” The girl smiled, and so did I. I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is like a 20 —so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light③ that it makes the autumn beautiful. 1. A. with B. for C. against D. to 2. A. good B. true C. new D. old 3. A. sound B. song C. play D. violin 4. A. shaking B. hanging C. falling D. floating 5. A. wind B. snow C. air D. rain 6. A. watching B. listening C. seeing D. hearing 7. A. lively B. lovely C. harvest D. lonely 8. A. up B. off C. down D. over 9. A. flowed B. grew C. entered D. ran 10. A. lost B. active C. busy D. interested 11. A. once B. never C. often D. usually 12. A. waiting B. stopping C. standing D. hearing 13. A. because B. so C. when D. but 14. A. interesting B. moving C. encouraging D. exciting 15. A. But B. However C. Even D. Though 16. A. stopped B. began C. gone D. changed 17. A. happy B. sad C. strange D. surprised 18. A. surprised B. excited C. encouraged D. interested 19. A. that B. which C. it D. who 20. A. song B. dream C. fire D. sister 难句注释 ①Lost in the music“沉浸在琴声中” be lost in sth. 意为“陷入……之中”。 ②In fact, it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn. 实际上，正是你的演奏给予我一个意味深长的秋天。 It was...that...是强调句型。 ③...like a shooting star giving off so much light. 就像是一颗流星放射出如此灿烂的光芒。 ④ The girl smiled, and so did I. 小姑娘笑了，我也笑了。 “So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+ (另一)主语 ”用于表示某人与前者具有相同的肯定情况，意为“某人也一样”。如： I like dogs; so does he. 我喜欢狗，他也如此。 He can speak good English and so can she. 他能说一口好英语，她也能。 如果对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不倒装。如: —Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。 —So he did. 确实如此。 2、 阅读理解解题技巧 阅读定位法技巧分析 我们是不是也遭遇过各种各样的问题呢，比如词汇不知道怎么理解，或者段落太长不知道看那里好？ 那我们今天讨论的这个定位法是万能的么？ 首先要说的是，如果把考试中的题目比作锁头的话，那么万能钥匙就是不存在的。 让我们直接进入正题！ 阅读解题特殊技巧 　　1 确立主题，明确主旨。圈定关键，找出主线。 　　2 扫读文章，定位关键。跳读剩余，删除多余。 　　3 无词定位，分析选项。逻辑判断，排除干扰。 　　4 顽固不化，无法推出，各段首末，进行反推。 定位法说起来好像很容易，但是在实践的过程中真的就等于不用看全文了么？ 　　 一定要记得：扫读文章，定位关键词 扫读的目的：了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。 　　 关键词的特点： 1 名词或名词词组（人名，地名,时间，数字都是特别好找的）。 2 如名词重复太多，或不突出，也可以找动词。 3 实在没有选择之下，也可以考虑用题目中的形容词和副词作为关键词。 4 注意，用过的关键词在另外一道题目就不要再用了。 5 词组永远比一个单词好用，因为比较容易找。 　　 　　提示： 　　扫读时，应特别注意关键词，因为它们往往是出题的地方，解题的关键。 　　找到关键词，要标记题号，不然回头再找就麻烦了。 　　跳读剩余，删除多余（特指非出题部分） 　　找到文章中的无关范围以后，立即删除不需要阅读的部分，不要浪费时间。就算有难题，需要再次阅读文章内容，而且要通过推理、判断、弄清文章中“字里行间”潜在意思。可借助这个手段，减少阅读份量，加强对重点的分析，以达到针对题目的透彻理解。 不需要阅读的部分： 1 题目后段落 　　通过最后一题所在的位置，判断文章后面的段落是没有出题，如果没有出题，就全部省略不看。要特别注意，最后一题是否主题题，如果是，要回到文章开头找答案，然后判断倒数第二题所在地。 2 例子先不看 　　例子的存在是为了前面的句子，更重要的是看例子前句的内容。可是当题目中涉及了例子涉及的内容的时候，要仔细阅读。 3 地点，特别是连续的地点不看，属于无法考核的内容。 4 人物介绍不看，也是不考内容，具体如下： 　　名字（人物介绍，可以省略不看）、所作所为等。有时人物介绍可以帮助我们拓宽解题思路，可是绝对不能作为我们选择答案的唯一依据。 5 插入语不看 　　（括号里为不看的内容）主语，（插入语），谓语；主语谓语，（插入语），补语。 6 排比先不看，除非考到，再仔细看。 7 according to后面的内容是表示消息来源，可以不看。According to 在句子开头就划到逗号，在句尾就直接划到句号。 我们来实践一道题目看看吧： Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington， is now the most common. The other species，the Columbian white-tailed deer， in earlier times was common in the open prairie country，it is now restricted to the low，marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.  注解词汇： prevalent adj. 普遍的，流行的，广传的 prairie n. 大草原，牧场 marshy adj. 沼泽的，湿地的 1. According to paragraph 1，which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound  　 A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.  　　 B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.  C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.  　　 D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.  　　   我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：  　　 Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly，and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.  注解词汇： succession n. 连续，继承，轮栽 plant community n. 植物群落 climax community n. 顶极群落 cumulative adj. 积累的 1. According to paragraph 1，which of the following is NOT true of climax communities  　　 A. They occur at the end of a succession. 　　 B. They last longer than any other type of community.  C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change  D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.  　　   【真题直击】 Exercise One : The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey. During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre —— not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed. 50. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth? A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music. C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays. 答案: D My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her. 51. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame. C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play. 答案：A Exercise Two: Humpback whales Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives.[来源:Zxxk.Com] Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com] Quick Facts[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] Size: 14m~18m in length 30~50 tons in weight Living Open ocean and shallow coastline waters Environment: From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat. Diet: Shellfish, plants and fish of small size Hunting: Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass. Current state: endangered; it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide. 52. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______. A. cannot survive in waters near the shore B. doesn’t live in the same waters all the time C. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers to work alone when hunting food 53. To make a breach, a humpback whale must ______. A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways to jump high. C. blow two streams of water D. communicate with a group of humpbacks. 54. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ______. A. has its unique markings on it tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprints C. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songs Exercise Three: At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots. Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur. 74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _ _ A. take images of the solar system B. provide early warning of thunderstorms C. keep track of solar activities D. improve the communications on Earth Exercise Four: Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives. This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars，and the popularity of fantasy（幻想）literature or movies like The Lord of the Rings. This sense of wonder draws us to each other，to the world around us ,and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us? 72．The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves _________ . A．the close connection between man and the fantasy world B．the wonderful achievements of fantasy literature C．the fine taste of moviegoers around the world D．the general existence of the sense of curiosity 感觉是否有些门路了呢？ 让我们继续尝试一下~ Passage One: Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. 51. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. 52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________. A. are always accompanied by a fever B. are too common to be noted C. can be noticed within hours D. can be ignored 53. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT _________. A. some chemicals B. low temperatures C. some tiny living things D. certain natural materials Passage Two: Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 55. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______. A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains 56. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. 57. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. 58. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Research time should be extended, scientists require. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn. Passage Three: My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy," says a second-grade teacher in Saugus, California. "Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course." These young scientists arc part of City Building Educational Program (CBEP). a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more. The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and predict its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. "Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom." says the teacher who developed this program. 'They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected "official" and "planning group" mates all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser." CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children's own standards. 65. The Program is designed to . A. direct kids to build solar collectors B. train young scientists for city planning C. develop children's problem-solving abilities D. train kids to be future architects 66. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom to . A. find out kids' creative ideas B. discuss with the teacher C. give children lectures D. help kids with their program 67. Who is the designer of the program? A. An official. B. An architect. C. A teacher. D. A scientist. 68. The children feel free in the program because they . A. can design future buildings themselves B. have new ideas and rich imagination C. are given enough time to design models D. need not worry about making mistakes 3、 解题小技巧总结 英语阅读理解题的解题思路 1. 解的十个特征： 1. 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解 1. 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解 1. 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to 含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely 含义相反的是解 1. 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解 1. 带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain 1. 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解 1. 带虚词的解： another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 1. “变化”是解： change delay improve postpone increase 1. “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on 1. 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解 阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路 1. 主旨题－中心思想 1. Main idea －what is the main idea / point of this passage? 1. Main topic －what is the main topic / subject / title? 1. Purpose －what is the author’s main purpose in the passage? 对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项 1. 细节性问题 1. Accroding－考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。 对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。 1. Number－考查对文章中数字的掌握， 1. 运算型：通过简单的四则运算求解。 对策：原始数据不是解。 1. 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。 对策：对号入座。 1. 范围型， 1. 世纪型 1. Except题型－即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 1. Which题型 对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句 1. 推断型问题 命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume. 对策： 1. 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断； 1. 通过阅读某段或几段内容 1. 注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。 1. 词汇型问题 1. 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义 对策：常见含义不是解 1. 生词的含义推断 对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。 总结：常见的命题思路： · 文章的中心、段落的中心 · 指代关系 make gains make a profit · 因果关系 1. 正因果关系 文中A导致B，问题：有了B这一结果，为什么，答案是A 1. 反因果关系 文中A具有X特性，B与A不同，问，B有何特点，答案是非X 特性。 或A B， 考非A 非B 1. 文章的十大考点 1. 列举处常考 细节题，特别是Which型和Except型； 1. 转折处和对比处常考 However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but等。 1. 例子常考 推断题和细节题 as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 1. 数字和年代常考 文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。 1. 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性 must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first. 1. 专有名词常考 人名、地名等专有名词 1. 细节处常考 细节题 同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。 1. 因果句常考 推断题 因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc 因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc 因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc 1. 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题 段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处， 1. 特殊标点常考 细节题 破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用 ( 列举处，因果关系 )示例1、 ( 最高级举处 ) ( 转折处 )Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren. ( 长句后半句 )Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future. ( 转折，长句后半句 ) 1、According to the passage, without atmosphere A) spaceships can never be shot into space B) sunlight can’t reach the earth （具体不是解） C) plants can produce varied food D) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含义相反的是解） 2、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by A) taking special drugs B) wearing special suits（替换spacesuits是解） C) using a protective blanket D) no solution has been found yet 3、The greatest danger to men in space is A) meteors B) weightlessness C) radiation D) magnetic force 4、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformed B) the children of astronauts have damaged sex organs C) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may是解） D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful 5、Radiation is dangerous to men, A) but we don’t know exactly how dangerous it is B) but only in space （替换是解） C) so we should build up our health D) and we can do nothing about it at the present time ( 转折，长句后半句 )示例2、 Every we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we don’t need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful. ( 举例，长句 )If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e. to think carefully about what is being communicated, they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented? ( 因果，列举，长句后半句 )Besides, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in －depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education. The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the public. Even though the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive. 1. The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that 1. Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information. 1. The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是解） 1. People should learn to take advantage of the media’s benefits. 1. TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information. 1. What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age? 1. To bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality. 1. To buy products advertised so that the demand increases. 1. To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs. 1. To think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替换是解） 1. We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are 1. Highly educated through TV and radio. 1. Well protected by the government 1. Highly paid by the employers 1. Well informed by the media（概括是解） 1. The underlined phrase “in －depth” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by 1. Thoroughly（句义，词形） 1. Partly 1. Relatively 1. Simply ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 课 堂 小 测 课堂检测 Passage 1 One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted was still bravely doing her best when a dove saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life. （163w） 1. The ant could not reach the side though _______. A. she cried for help B. she asked the dove to save her C. she tried very hard D. she could smell well 2. The dove saved the ant because _______. A. she was the ant's friend B. she took pity on the poor ant C. the ant was almost exhausted D. the ant had been struggled in the water for a long time 3. The ant succeeded in getting on the bank with the help of _______. A. a leaf B. a piece of wood C. a blade of grass D. a raft 4. Just as the man shot at the dove, _______. A. the dove immediately flew away B. the dove hid himself in the grass C. the ant told the dove to leave at once D. he felt something biting him in the foot 5. In writing the story, the writer wants to show _______. A. how clever the ant was B. how kind the dove was C. how the ant and the dove helped each other D. we often need help from others, therefore we should help others as much as we can 词汇扩展 ① desperate adj. 拼死的 ② exhausted adj. 精疲力竭的 ③ dove n. 鸽子 ④ blade n. 叶片 Passage 2 Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny' parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. "An A in English!" said Johnny's Dad. "You're a very clever boy, Johnny." Johnny is a hacker. Hackers know how to take informationfrom other computers and put new information in. Using a modem, they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer accountand put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers. （210w） 1. Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _______. A. the classroom B. the school office C. a bank near his house D. his own house 2. When Johnny's parents saw the report, they were happy because _______. A. Johnny was good at math B. Johnny loved computers C. Johnny could join one computer to another D. they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer 3. Who are worried about hackers in the story? A. Johnny's parents. B. School headmasters, teachers and the police. C. The police. D. School headmasters and teachers. 4. What should the hackers know well, do you think, after you read this story? A. Information. B. Back computer accounts. C. Computers. D. Grades. 5. The last paragraph is about _______. A. Johnny B. computers C. hackers D. moden 词汇扩展 ① hacker n. 黑客 ② information n. 信息 ③ modem n. 调制解调器 ④ secretly adv. 秘密地 ⑤ account n. 账户 Passage 3 There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise , he was not hurt. He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garagefor help. The door was opened by one of his patients. " Oh, Doctor," she said, " I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accidenton the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help." （109w） 1. Where was the doctor going in his car? A. We don't know. B. To a patient's home. C. To a garage. D. To his own home. 2. Which of the following was the cause of the accident? A. Careless driving B. A tree had fallen across the road. C. A slipperyroad. D. There was a thick fog. 3. The doctor went to the house because _______. A. he knew one of his patients lived there B. he had received a call to go there C. he wanted to use the telephone D. he was injuredand could walk no further 4. Why did the woman patient telephone the doctor? A. She needed medical treatment. B. She believed somebody else needed a doctor. C. To ask how quickly the doctor could come. D. To ask whether the doctor was coming on his regular visit. 词汇扩展 ① garage n. 汽车修理站 ② accident n. 事故 ③ slippery adj. 滑 ④ injured adj. 受伤 Passage 4 One day a poor man was cutting a big piece of wood near a river. Suddenly his old axe fell into the water. He felt very sad because he lost his only axe. Then all at once a beautiful fairycame out and asked the man what was the matter. "I have lost my axe,"he said."It fell into the water when I was cutting the wood." The fairy showed him a gold axe and asked,"Is this yours?" "No,"said the man. The fairy then showed him a silveraxe and asked again,"Is this yours?""No,"again answered the man. Then she showed him the old axe. "Yes, that is mine,"called out the happy man. "I know that well enough,"said the fairy."I only wanted to see if you would tell me the truth, and now I'll give you the gold axe and the silver axe besides your own one." （147w） 分 1. One day when the man was cutting something, ________. A. he fell into the water B. his axe dropped into the river C. his axe fell into a lake D. he saw a beautiful fairy 2. The man was sad because _________. A. he was poor and had no other axes B. he could not go on working C. he liked his axe very much D. his axe was a gold axe 3. The fairy gave him a gold axe and a silver axe but he didn't take them, because he ______. A. did not like them B. did not know they were made of gold and silver C. was very rich D. knew these axes were not his 4. At the end of the story the man had ________. A. only one axe B. two axes C. three axes D. many axes 5. The fairy helped the man because he was ________ man. A. an old B. a young C. a poor D. an honest. 词汇扩展 ① fairy n. 仙女 ② silver adj. 银制的 Passage 5 An Englishman, a Frenchman and a Russian were discussing happiness. "Happiness," said the Englishman, "Happiness is when you return home tired after work, yet find your slippers(拖鞋) warming by the fire." "You English have no romance," said the Frenchman. "Happiness is when you go on a business trip, find a pretty girl who entertainsyou －then afterwards you partwithout regrets." "You are both wrong," said the Russian. "True happiness is when you are at home in bed and at 4 a.m., you hear a hammering at the door and outside stand the secret police, who say to you, 'Ivan Ivanovitch, you are under arrest', and you say, 'Sorry, Ivanovitch lives next door.'" （ 118w） 1. The Englishman's happiness suggests that _______. A. he should have no time to warm his slippers B. he enjoys the warmth of the family C. he thinks it the most important to have slippers D. he wants someone to warm his slippers 2. What the Frenchman said means that _______. A. a man can be free to play with any pretty girl when possible B. he wants to marry a girl he loves C. he is interested in going on a business trip D. the Englishman should have more romance 3. The Russian thought that ________. A. both the Englishman and the Frenchman were not right B. neither the Englishman nor the Frenchman were right C. neither the Englishman nor Frenchman were wrong D. either the Englishman or the Frenchman were wrong 4. The meaning of the Russian's words is that _______. A. he would like to have a good sleep at night B. he will feel happy if his neighbour is arrested C. he thinks it happiness to feel safe D. he will feel afraid if anyone knocks at his door at night 5. The best title for this story is "_______". A. The Difference in Happiness B. How to Get Happiness C. The Definitionof Happiness D. The Importance of Happiness 词汇扩展 ① slipper n. 拖鞋 ②romance n. 浪漫色彩 ③ entertain v. 招待 ④ part v. 分手 ⑤ arrest v. 逮捕 ⑥ definition n. 定义 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 课 堂 小 结 回顾小结 1．熟记本次课所学单词和词组，并识记本堂课上的生词。 2．形成良好的预习习惯，根据下堂课的内容填写下表。 学习主题 　 知识点（词汇、语法、句型、解题方法等） 　 　 　 　 学习习中遇到的问题 　 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 课 后 作 业 课后作业 Passage 6 "Get up, get up, Jim. It's time to get up!" my mother said while she was pushing me. I opened my eyes and looked at the clock. "Oh dear! It's a quarter to eight already. I'll be late for school again," I thought. I jumped out of the bed, washed my face, then hurried to the bus stop without breakfast. As soon as I got on the bus, it started running. "I'm sure I can get to the school on time," I said to myself. Suddenly the bus stopped. The bus driver got off the bus, then got on the bus again and said, "I'm sorry, ladies and gentlemen. There's something wrong with the bus. Please get off the bus and wait for another one." "I couldn't wait. The school is not far. I'd better run to the school," I thought, and then I began to run. But before I got to the school, it began to rain hard. I reached the classroom but I was wet shiveringwith cold. The physics teacher had already begun his lesson. It was Mr. Smith. He was about fifty years old. All the students were a little afraid of him and so was I. I liked neither him nor his physics lessons. I hesitatedfor a moment and then I opened the door. "I'm very sorry, Mr. Smith. I'm late again," I said with a red face. "It's you again, Jim," Mr. smith said angrily. "I've told you not be late, but you…" he suddenly stopped and looked at my wet clothes. He turned to the class and said, "I'm very sorry, my boys and girls." With these words he quickly took off his own jacket and handed it to me. "Now take off your wet coat and put this one or you'll catch cold," he said kindly. I went to my seat with Mr. Smith's jacket on. It was a bit large for me but I felt very warm in it. I found, for the first time, physics was so interesting and how well I could understand it! （348w） 1. Jim was late for school because _______. A. he got up too late B. there was something wrong with the bus C. it rained heavily D. he had to wait for the bus 2. Mr. Smith, the physics teacher, _______ at first when Jim came into the classroom. A. felt sad B. looked kind C. looked worried D. was unhappy 3. Jim felt that _______. A. the jacket was large enough to keep him warm B. Mr. Smith took good care of him C. he understood what Mr. Smith said all the time D. physics is easy if you like the physics teachers 4. From the story, we can learn that _______. A. students can't be late for school B. students can learn better if teachers love them C. physics is easy if you like the physics teachers D. you'll catch cold if your clothes are wet 词汇扩展 ① shiver v. 发抖 ② hesitate v. 犹豫 Passage 7 John is a paper boy. He deliversnewspapers to different houses in his street every day. He has about 80 customers. Half of his customers only take the newspapers on weekdays, and about half take the newspapers on weekdays and on Sundays. John has to get up at 4:30 every morning to deliver his newspapers. It takes longer to deliver the newspaper on Sundays. The Sunday newspapers are twice as heavy as those on weekdays. John is saving his money to buy a new bicycle. He is also saving money for college. He has already saved 500 dollars. （107w） 1. John ________ every day. A. reads books B. sells newspapers C. borrows books D. delivers newspapers 2. How many customers does he have? A. About 40. B. About 120. C. About 80. D. About 20. 3. ______of his customers only take newspapers on weekdays. A. Two B. Eighty C. Forty D. Twenty 4. What time does he have to get up every morning? A. 3:30 B. 4:30 C. 5:30 D. 6:30 5. John is saving his money to buy ______ A. a newspaper B. a new bag C. a house D. a new bicycle 词汇扩展 ① deliver vt. 投递 ② customer n. 客户 ③ college n. 大学 Passage 8 Sam lives in New York. His father has a shop and his mother is a doctor. He's seven years old now and has begun to go to school this autumn. It's a little far from their shop and his father drives a car to take him to school every day. So he's never late for class and his teachers like him. It's Monday today. Miss Hunt is teaching them to count the numbers from one to ten. Sam is studying hard. Soon he can count them. Miss Hunt is happy and asks, "How many people are there in your family, Sam?" Sam stood up and said, "Two, Miss Hunt." "Who are they?" "My father and mother." "Oh? "Miss Hunt is surprised. She said, "There're three people in your family." "But now I'm not at home. I'm at school, you know!" （ 140w） 1. Sam is ________. A. an English boy B. an American boy C. an English girl D. an American girl 2. Sam is in Grade _______ now. A. One B. Two C. three D. four 3. Sam usually goes to school ________. A. on foot B. by bike C. by car D. by bus 4. ______, so Miss Hunt is happy today. A. Sam is late for class B. Sam studies Chinese C. The children are good at English D. Sam can count from one to ten 5. Which of the following is wrong? A. Sam is at school now. B. There 're two people in Sam's family. C. There 're three people in Sam's family. D. Miss Hunt doesn't know how many people there are in Sam's family. Passage 9 There was once a captain who loved money so much that he cheated his sailors at the end of every voyage and took their wages. On the last day of one voyage, the ship was in a small port. It was winter time, and the sea was very cold, so the captain said to his sailors, "If one of you stays in the water during the whole night, I will give him my ship. But if he comes out before the sun appears, I shall get his wages." The sailors had heard about the captain's cheating, so they didn't trust him. But then one of them, who thought that he was cleverer than the captain, said that he would do it. He got into the water, and, though it was very cold, he stayed in it. When it was nearly morning, some fishermen lit a fire on the shore about half a mile away. "You are cheating," the captain said to the sailor. "The fire's warming you." "But it's half a mile away!" said the sailor. "A fire's fire," answered the captain. "I have won." The sailor came out of the water, and said, "Perhaps you think that you are clever because you have won my wages, but you can't cook a chicken." "I can," answered the captain. "If you cook this chicken," said the sailor, "I shall work for you without wages for seven years, but if you can't, you will give me your ship." The captain agreed, took the chicken and said, "Where's the fire?" "There it is," answered the sailor. "On the shore." "But it's half a mile away," said the captain angrily. " 'A fire's fire,' you said," answered the sailor. "If it is enough to warm me in the water, it is enough to cook your chicken." （301w） 1. The captain got the sailors' wages ________. A. to buy a chicken for himself B. and kept the money for future use C. by cheating him D. and said he would return the money soon 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. All the sailors refused to get into the water because it was too cold. B. The captain knew that the fire the fishermen made was enough to warm the sailor in the water. C. The captain succeeded in cheating the sailor. D. It was the sailor who was cleverer. 3. The captain insisted that the fire was warming the sailor because he ________. A. didn't want to lose the bet B. didn't believe the sailor's success C. wanted to keep his promise D. wanted to show his cleverness 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. The sailors didn't trust the captain. B. In order to help the sailor in the water, the fishermen made a fire. C. The captain failed to cheat the sailor this time. D. The sailor didn't get out of the water before the sun appeared. 5. What is the title of the story? A. How a Captain Cheated His Sailor B. How a Sailor Got a Ship C. A Brave Sailor D. A Fire Is Fire Passage 10 Last year when Tom graduated from school, he came to Taibei. He didn't like to work on his father's farm and hoped to find a job in a big city. He went from one company to another but no one wanted him. With little money left, he got to the station, sad and tired. All he wanted to do was go back to his small town. It was very late at night and the station was full of people. They were waiting to buy tickets of the last train. He bought the last ticket, and he was very happy. At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him and asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket because he thought they needed it more than he did. After the train left, he sat on the bench and didn't know where to go. Suddenly, an old man came and said, "Young man, I have seen what you did to the woman. I am the owner of a big company. I need a good young man like you. Would you like to work for me?" （190w） 1. Tom came to the station to _______. A. find a job B. take the train home C. sell the ticket D. take the train to Taibei 2. The woman walked to Tom because _______. A. she was Tom's old friend B. her child wanted to talk to Tom C. she needed to take the train D. she had no money to buy a ticket 3. Tom didn't take the train because _______. A. he didn't take a train ticket B. he missed the train C. he wanted to talk to the old man D. he gave his ticket to the woman 4. The old man wanted to _______. A. lend Tom some money B. give Tom a job C. say "Thank you " to Tom D. sit on the bench with Tom 5. What can we learn from this story? A. Many people find job in a train station. B. Don't buy the last ticket of the train. C. If we try our best to help others, others will help us. D. We should not give our ticket to others in a train station. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 授课主题 阅读理解专项训练T 课 堂 导 入 专题导入 English proverb learning 1. A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 恶其始者必恶其终。 2. A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept. 坏习惯像鲜馅饼，分食要比保存好。 3. A bad thing never dies. 坏事传千年。 4. A bird may be known by its song. 什么鸟唱什么歌。 5. A bit in the morning is better than nothing all day. 略有胜于全无。 6. A blind man who leans against a wall imagines that it's the boundary of the world. 坐井观天。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 知 识 讲 解 考点梳理 一、Reading skills practice – reading habits（阅读习惯） 阅读理解是令大多考生畏难的一大问题，主要表现在阅读的准确度低。在此我们采用 “三主一问”的方法作为阅读理解的解题思路。所谓“三主”（主题、主线、主谓）即抓文章的主题思想、布局结构的主线以及各关键句子的主谓结构；“一问”即根据文章后面所设问题而思索：此题的考点在哪里？一篇文章要是抓住了全文的主题思想，领会了贯穿全文的结构线路，把握了关键句的主谓结构，针对问题找信息、答案，阅读中准确度低的问题也就比较容易解决了。 做阅读理解题是先读文章还是先读后面的问题呢？答案因人而异。英语水平较高，阅读速度较快的考生可以先通读短文，一边阅读一边思考文章的主旨大意, 理解文章的细节, 基本理解原文之后再看考题及选项并做出选择，遇上个别无把握的题时再回头查阅短文的相关部分，仔细推敲定夺，以求准确无误得高分。但这种方法只适合那些有能力获取优异成绩的考生，其优点是对文章有一个总的概念和印象，缺点是，费时间，对文章的细节记不清楚。对于大多数考生来说，考试的时间较为紧迫，我们建议使用阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。 （以下教学过程讲解部分结合阅读文段进行讲解） 第一步：略读短文把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文每段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意，做到对全文的内容心中大致有数，有一个思考的方向。 第二步：浏览问题，有的放矢 浏览题目，揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已有所了解，在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的，基本反应并覆盖了文章内容的主干。先阅读问题再阅读全文可以做到“成竹在胸”。 第三步：分析判断确定答案      有了前两步的定位，第三步就该敲定答案了。这一步是做题的关键，一不小心就会前功尽弃。需要注意的是，一些看似简单的问题，不能掉以轻心；尤其当文章内容涉及常识或你所熟悉的知识范畴时，事实、观点要以文章为准，而不能跟着自己的感觉走。因为这里考的是你的阅读理解能力，而不是你对某种文化、知识的掌握程度，因此选择答案绝对不能脱离文章内容或作者观点，单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。     这种三步到位方法其优点是事半功倍，考生可以抓紧时间，集中精力进行有针对性地阅读、解题。其缺点是有时可能会遗漏关键细节，从而产生理解偏差，答错题。因此做完之后再忙也应抽出一定的时间将答案检查一遍。     对于英语水平相对较低，阅读速度较慢的考生来说不妨直接从第二步开始：先浏览所有五道题的题目，对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解。然后逐一解答。先寻读短文的相关部分，然后选择正确答案。如遇有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题可先放一放，等做完其他题再做这类题会容易一些。先难后易，各个击破。这种方法能在相对短的时间里做完阅读理解部分，但准确率不高。对于那些如采用上述前两种方法则在规定时间内根本做不完试题，对文章只能一知半解看了后面忘前面，词汇量不足的考生来说不能不说是一种万不得已的办法。 另外，在阅读过程中，不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语（主题句，关键词）下面划线，标上记号，这样有助于突出重点，活跃思维，同时也便于阅读，节省时间，使阅读更加积极。并且对于记忆力稍差的考生而言，记住几个重要句子和信息要比记住全文容易得多了。所以，我们建议对阅读文章中的主要句子和关键词标出记号并重点阅读。 考生应具备的阅读理解能力包括：考生应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料，能以每分钟60－70词的速度阅读各种题材和体裁；掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；抓住用以阐述主旨的事实和相关细节；能根据上下文判断某些陌生词或短语的意义；能够根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理；并且能够领会作者的意图和态度。根据所读材料，考生应能：     l）理解主旨要义；     2）理解文中的具体信息；     3）理解文中的概念性含义；     4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；     5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；     6）理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；     7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；     8）能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等做出简单的分析和判断。 阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。短文内容涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。一般以论说文为主，也有一些实用文体，如信函、表格数据等。 阅读的基本技巧     阅读应试的基本方法有3种，一种是略读，第二种是精读(scrutinizing)，第三种是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法，在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。 精读则是仔细阅读每句话，理解分析其含义，弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系，进而理解整个段 落的意思。寻读则是通过目光扫视，迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。通过略读，我们 可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息，而精读是针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的 解析，而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 Passage A An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.① Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.② There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbor's house! 1. An old friend of mine called ______. A. to tell me to meet him at the airport B. to tell me about his arrival C. to ask me to leave the office D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival 2. My friend climbed into the room because ______. A. there was an apple tree outside B. the living room window was left open C. he had difficulty opening the door D. he hadn't found the key 3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______. A. from my home B. at the airport C. in his office D. from my neighbor's house Total words:211 Reading time: ______ Reading speed: ______ 难句注释 ① I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator. 我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。 ② I listened to all this in great surprise. 我很吃惊地听着这一切。 in surprise 意为“吃惊地”。 ③ When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house... 当我问他找房子是否有困难时…… have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“在做某事方面有困难”，也可以说：have trouble (in) doing sth. 如： I have some difficulty understanding him. 我理解他有些困难。 Did you have any trouble in finding his house? 你找到他家有困难吗？ 英语中还有have difficulty with sth. 和have trouble with sth. 如： I don’t have much difficulty with English grammar. 我学英语语法并没有太多的困难。 I hope you won't have any trouble with the work. 我希望你应付这工作没有困难。 Passage B If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties. At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they are for other people, but when they are for me, I just don't like them. I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe him.② On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.” And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room. They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③ 1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday. B. I dislike birthday parties held for me. C. Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday. D. I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room. 2. I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school. A. living room B. bedroom C. bathroom D. dining room 3. What did my friends plan to do? A. They planned to leave the room as soon as possible. B. They planned to sing as loudly as they could. C. They planned to eat in the bathroom. D. They had planned to come out of hiding places together. Total words:223 Reading time: ______ Reading speed: ______ 难句注释 ① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me. 至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。 ② I should have known better than to believe him. 我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。 should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。 ③ I really upset their plans by going in...我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。 by doing sth. 通过做某事的方式。 Passage C In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.① They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠). Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener. At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.② Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me. There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.③ We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me. When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend! 1. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend? A. understanding. B. honesty. C. reliability. D. a sense of humor. 2. If you have fair weather friends, ______. A. they will give you all that they have when you need help B. you will be refused when you get into trouble C. you will become rich D. you can be sure that you get real friends 3. Good friends need to ______. A. always point out each other's mistakes B. be helped with money C. understand each other's feelings D. have money or luck 4. This passage mainly discuss ______ . A. the qualities of a friend B. where to choose friends C. how to get along with friends D. the importance of having a friend Total words:362 Reading time: ______ Reading speed: ______ 难句注释 ①Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. 有时你会遇到不能与你共患难的朋友。 ②In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me. 总之，一个朋友会尽量理解我、接受我。 in short “简而言之”。 ③A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. 一个特殊的朋友是和我们在一起共快乐的人。 with whom we can have fun是定语从句，修饰someone。 Passage D There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 1 you, but don't understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only 2 friends leave footprints (脚印). I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 3 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend. It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 4 on the cool 5 . In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, 6 to the sound of them. Autumn is a 7 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 8 . But one day, the sound of a violin 9 into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 10 in playing her violin. I had 11 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music,① I didn't know that I had been 12 there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her. Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building 13 I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 14 . 15 we didn't know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me. Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 16 . To my astonishment, the girl came over to me. “You must like violin.” she said. “Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked. Suddenly, a 17 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that 18 me.” she said. “In fact, it was your playing 19 gave me a meaningful autumn,②” I answered, “Let's be friends.” The girl smiled, and so did I. I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is like a 20 —so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light③ that it makes the autumn beautiful. 1. A. with B. for C. against D. to 2. A. good B. true C. new D. old 3. A. sound B. song C. play D. violin 4. A. shaking B. hanging C. falling D. floating 5. A. wind B. snow C. air D. rain 6. A. watching B. listening C. seeing D. hearing 7. A. lively B. lovely C. harvest D. lonely 8. A. up B. off C. down D. over 9. A. flowed B. grew C. entered D. ran 10. A. lost B. active C. busy D. interested 11. A. once B. never C. often D. usually 12. A. waiting B. stopping C. standing D. hearing 13. A. because B. so C. when D. but 14. A. interesting B. moving C. encouraging D. exciting 15. A. But B. However C. Even D. Though 16. A. stopped B. began C. gone D. changed 17. A. happy B. sad C. strange D. surprised 18. A. surprised B. excited C. encouraged D. interested 19. A. that B. which C. it D. who 20. A. song B. dream C. fire D. sister 难句注释 ①Lost in the music“沉浸在琴声中” be lost in sth. 意为“陷入……之中”。 ②In fact, it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn. 实际上，正是你的演奏给予我一个意味深长的秋天。 It was...that...是强调句型。 ③...like a shooting star giving off so much light. 就像是一颗流星放射出如此灿烂的光芒。 ④ The girl smiled, and so did I. 小姑娘笑了，我也笑了。 “So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+ (另一)主语 ”用于表示某人与前者具有相同的肯定情况，意为“某人也一样”。如： I like dogs; so does he. 我喜欢狗，他也如此。 He can speak good English and so can she. 他能说一口好英语，她也能。 如果对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不倒装。如: —Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。 —So he did. 确实如此。 详解详析： Passage A 本文讲述了一位朋友在拜访作者时误入他邻居家却浑然不觉的幽默故事。 1. B. 由第一段第一句 “...called...to tell me that he had arrived.”可知。 2. D. 细节题，由第二段 “...he had not been able to find the key...”可知。 3. D. 以第二段朋友所说的“apple tree”为线索，推知朋友误入邻居家。 Passage B 本文讲述了作者的朋友们想为他开生日party以给他意外惊喜的事。 1. D. 由第三段 “I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。 2. C. 由第二段 “We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。 3. D. 由最后一段 “They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。 Passage C 本文论述了一个好朋友必须具备的四个品质：理解、诚实、可靠和幽默。 1. A. 四个品质中理解最重要。above all else意为“最重要；首先”。 2. B. 不能与你共患难的朋友在你遇到麻烦时会拒绝向你提供帮助。 3. C. 好朋友应相互理解。 4. A. 本文的主题是好朋友所具备的四个品质。 Passage D 文章通过“我”和一个小姑娘秋天邂逅的故事体现了知心朋友的重要性。 1. A. 结合后面一句可知，“许多人与你在一起(with you)， 却不能理解你”。 2. B. 只有真正的朋友，才能留在心中。 3. D. 结合后面的内容可知，“我”每天去听小姑娘拉小提琴。 4. D. 金黄的树叶在秋风中随风飘动。 5. A. 叶子是在风中飘动。 6. B. 现在分词用作伴随状语。 7. C. 秋天本是收获的季节，但是此处“我”却独自一人漫步在落叶之上，与下文的生活的无趣相对应。 8. C. 短语 get sb. down 意为“使人泄气； 使人疲倦”。 9. A. 琴声像山涧溪流一样，流进(flow into)“我”的耳畔。 10. A. 短语be lost in (doing) sth. “陷入……之中”。此处指小姑娘正在聚精会神地拉小提琴。 11. B. 结合上下文可知，“我”以前与小姑娘素不相识。 12. C. “我”沉浸在优美的琴声中，不自觉地在风中伫立。 13. C. 从下文可知，“我”并不是听到琴声才下楼，而是因为两人心有灵犀，每次几乎是在小姑娘拉琴的同时，“我”也到了楼下。因此这里应用when。 14. A. 与上文的“生活无趣”相对，琴声让“我”觉得“生活有趣”。 15. D. 从整个句意来看，这里是一个让步状语从句。though表“尽管”，合乎文意。 16. A. 与平日不同，琴声突然停止，小姑娘朝“我”走来，让“我”惊讶。 17. B. 由下文可知，小姑娘即将离开，故脸上闪现出悲伤的神色。 18. C. 在小姑娘眼中，“我”每天来听琴对她是一种无声的激励。 19. A. 此处是一个强调句型。 20. B. 结合全文的意思可知，在“我”看来，小姑娘就像一个梦，让“我”久久难忘。 2、 阅读理解解题技巧 阅读定位法技巧分析 我们是不是也遭遇过各种各样的问题呢，比如词汇不知道怎么理解，或者段落太长不知道看那里好？ 那我们今天讨论的这个定位法是万能的么？ 首先要说的是，如果把考试中的题目比作锁头的话，那么万能钥匙就是不存在的。 让我们直接进入正题！ 阅读解题特殊技巧 　　1 确立主题，明确主旨。圈定关键，找出主线。 　　2 扫读文章，定位关键。跳读剩余，删除多余。 　　3 无词定位，分析选项。逻辑判断，排除干扰。 　　4 顽固不化，无法推出，各段首末，进行反推。 定位法说起来好像很容易，但是在实践的过程中真的就等于不用看全文了么？ 　　 一定要记得：扫读文章，定位关键词 扫读的目的：了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。 　　 关键词的特点： 1 名词或名词词组（人名，地名,时间，数字都是特别好找的）。 2 如名词重复太多，或不突出，也可以找动词。 3 实在没有选择之下，也可以考虑用题目中的形容词和副词作为关键词。 4 注意，用过的关键词在另外一道题目就不要再用了。 5 词组永远比一个单词好用，因为比较容易找。 　　 　　提示： 　　扫读时，应特别注意关键词，因为它们往往是出题的地方，解题的关键。 　　找到关键词，要标记题号，不然回头再找就麻烦了。 　　跳读剩余，删除多余（特指非出题部分） 　　找到文章中的无关范围以后，立即删除不需要阅读的部分，不要浪费时间。就算有难题，需要再次阅读文章内容，而且要通过推理、判断、弄清文章中“字里行间”潜在意思。可借助这个手段，减少阅读份量，加强对重点的分析，以达到针对题目的透彻理解。 不需要阅读的部分： 1 题目后段落 　　通过最后一题所在的位置，判断文章后面的段落是没有出题，如果没有出题，就全部省略不看。要特别注意，最后一题是否主题题，如果是，要回到文章开头找答案，然后判断倒数第二题所在地。 2 例子先不看 　　例子的存在是为了前面的句子，更重要的是看例子前句的内容。可是当题目中涉及了例子涉及的内容的时候，要仔细阅读。 3 地点，特别是连续的地点不看，属于无法考核的内容。 4 人物介绍不看，也是不考内容，具体如下： 　　名字（人物介绍，可以省略不看）、所作所为等。有时人物介绍可以帮助我们拓宽解题思路，可是绝对不能作为我们选择答案的唯一依据。 5 插入语不看 　　（括号里为不看的内容）主语，（插入语），谓语；主语谓语，（插入语），补语。 6 排比先不看，除非考到，再仔细看。 7 according to后面的内容是表示消息来源，可以不看。According to 在句子开头就划到逗号，在句尾就直接划到句号。 我们来实践一道题目看看吧： Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington， is now the most common. The other species，the Columbian white-tailed deer， in earlier times was common in the open prairie country，it is now restricted to the low，marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.  注解词汇： prevalent adj. 普遍的，流行的，广传的 prairie n. 大草原，牧场 marshy adj. 沼泽的，湿地的 1. According to paragraph 1，which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound  　 A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.  　　 B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.  C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.  　　 D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.  　　   这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。 我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：  　　 Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly，and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.  注解词汇： succession n. 连续，继承，轮栽 plant community n. 植物群落 climax community n. 顶极群落 cumulative adj. 积累的 1. According to paragraph 1，which of the following is NOT true of climax communities  　　 A. They occur at the end of a succession. 　　 B. They last longer than any other type of community.  C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change  D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.  　　   这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西；再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目；二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。 【真题直击】 Exercise One : The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey. During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre —— not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed. 50. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth? A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music. C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays. 答案: D My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her. 51. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame. C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play. 答案：A Exercise Two: Humpback whales Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives.[来源:Zxxk.Com] Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com] Quick Facts[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] Size: 14m~18m in length 30~50 tons in weight Living Open ocean and shallow coastline waters Environment: From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat. Diet: Shellfish, plants and fish of small size Hunting: Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass. Current state: endangered; it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide. 52. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______. A. cannot survive in waters near the shore B. doesn’t live in the same waters all the time C. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers to work alone when hunting food 53. To make a breach, a humpback whale must ______. A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways to jump high. C. blow two streams of water D. communicate with a group of humpbacks. 54. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ______. A. has its unique markings on it tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprints C. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songs 答案：BAA Exercise Three: At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots. Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available. The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur. 74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _ _ A. take images of the solar system B. provide early warning of thunderstorms C. keep track of solar activities D. improve the communications on Earth 答案：C Exercise Four: Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives. This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars，and the popularity of fantasy（幻想）literature or movies like The Lord of the Rings. This sense of wonder draws us to each other，to the world around us ,and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us? 72．The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves _________ . A．the close connection between man and the fantasy world B．the wonderful achievements of fantasy literature C．the fine taste of moviegoers around the world D．the general existence of the sense of curiosity 72.选D.细节理解题。第二段的主题句this sense of wonder is universal.人们的好奇心是普遍存在的，其中就举了科幻电影The Lord of the Rings指环王的例子。所以选D。选项A、B、C与这一段的主题不相符 感觉是否有些门路了呢？ 让我们继续尝试一下~ Passage One: Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. 51. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. 52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning _________. A. are always accompanied by a fever B. are too common to be noted C. can be noticed within hours D. can be ignored 53. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT _________. A. some chemicals B. low temperatures C. some tiny living things D. certain natural materials 51. 答案：B 考查细节分析能力; 根据第一段的Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly可知. 52. 答案：C 考查细节分析能力; 根据第一段的The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.可知,而易错选项A则只有众多症状的常见的一个,表述过于绝对。. 53. 答案：B 考查细节分析能力; 根据第五段的Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing.可知低温不会导致食物中毒. Passage Two: Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 55. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______. A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains 56. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. 57. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. 58. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Research time should be extended, scientists require. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn. 72—75. BCDD Passage Three: My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy," says a second-grade teacher in Saugus, California. "Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course." These young scientists arc part of City Building Educational Program (CBEP). a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more. The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and predict its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. "Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom." says the teacher who developed this program. 'They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected "official" and "planning group" mates all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser." CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children's own standards. 65. The Program is designed to . A. direct kids to build solar collectors B. train young scientists for city planning C. develop children's problem-solving abilities D. train kids to be future architects 66. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom to . A. find out kids' creative ideas B. discuss with the teacher C. give children lectures D. help kids with their program 67. Who is the designer of the program? A. An official. B. An architect. C. A teacher. D. A scientist. 68. The children feel free in the program because they . A. can design future buildings themselves B. have new ideas and rich imagination C. are given enough time to design models D. need not worry about making mistakes 65. C 原文最后一段 66. D 原文第二段第二行“with the help of architect…” 67. C 原文第二段第四行：says the teacher who developed this program 68. D 原文第二段第四行“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame” 3、 解题小技巧总结 英语阅读理解题的解题思路 1. 解的十个特征： 1. 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解 1. 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解 1. 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to 含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely 含义相反的是解 1. 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解 1. 带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain 1. 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解 1. 带虚词的解： another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 1. “变化”是解： change delay improve postpone increase 1. “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on 1. 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解 阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路 1. 主旨题－中心思想 1. Main idea －what is the main idea / point of this passage? 1. Main topic －what is the main topic / subject / title? 1. Purpose －what is the author’s main purpose in the passage? 对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项 1. 细节性问题 1. Accroding－考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。 对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。 1. Number－考查对文章中数字的掌握， 1. 运算型：通过简单的四则运算求解。 对策：原始数据不是解。 1. 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。 对策：对号入座。 1. 范围型， 1. 世纪型 1. Except题型－即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 1. Which题型 对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句 1. 推断型问题 命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume. 对策： 1. 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断； 1. 通过阅读某段或几段内容 1. 注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。 1. 词汇型问题 1. 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义 对策：常见含义不是解 1. 生词的含义推断 对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。 总结：常见的命题思路： · 文章的中心、段落的中心 · 指代关系 make gains make a profit · 因果关系 1. 正因果关系 文中A导致B，问题：有了B这一结果，为什么，答案是A 1. 反因果关系 文中A具有X特性，B与A不同，问，B有何特点，答案是非X 特性。 或A B， 考非A 非B 1. 文章的十大考点 1. 列举处常考 细节题，特别是Which型和Except型； 1. 转折处和对比处常考 However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but等。 1. 例子常考 推断题和细节题 as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 1. 数字和年代常考 文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。 1. 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性 must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first. 1. 专有名词常考 人名、地名等专有名词 1. 细节处常考 细节题 同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。 1. 因果句常考 推断题 因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc 因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc 因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc 1. 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题 段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处， 1. 特殊标点常考 细节题 破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用 ( 列举处，因果关系 )示例1、 ( 最高级举处 ) ( 转折处 )Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren. ( 长句后半句 )Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future. ( 转折，长句后半句 ) 1、According to the passage, without atmosphere A) spaceships can never be shot into space B) sunlight can’t reach the earth （具体不是解） C) plants can produce varied food D) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含义相反的是解） 2、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by A) taking special drugs B) wearing special suits（替换spacesuits是解） C) using a protective blanket D) no solution has been found yet 3、The greatest danger to men in space is A) meteors B) weightlessness C) radiation D) magnetic force 4、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformed B) the children of astronauts have damaged sex organs C) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may是解） D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful 5、Radiation is dangerous to men, A) but we don’t know exactly how dangerous it is B) but only in space （替换是解） C) so we should build up our health D) and we can do nothing about it at the present time ( 转折，长句后半句 )示例2、 Every we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we don’t need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful. ( 举例，长句 )If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e. to think carefully about what is being communicated, they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented? ( 因果，列举，长句后半句 )Besides, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in －depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education. The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the public. Even though the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive. 1. The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that 1. Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information. 1. The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是解） 1. People should learn to take advantage of the media’s benefits. 1. TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information. 1. What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age? 1. To bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality. 1. To buy products advertised so that the demand increases. 1. To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs. 1. To think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替换是解） 1. We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are 1. Highly educated through TV and radio. 1. Well protected by the government 1. Highly paid by the employers 1. Well informed by the media（概括是解） 1. The underlined phrase “in －depth” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by 1. Thoroughly（句义，词形） 1. Partly 1. Relatively 1. Simply ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 课 堂 小 测 课堂检测 Passage 1 One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted was still bravely doing her best when a dove saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life. （163w） 1. The ant could not reach the side though _______. A. she cried for help B. she asked the dove to save her C. she tried very hard D. she could smell well 2. The dove saved the ant because _______. A. she was the ant's friend B. she took pity on the poor ant C. the ant was almost exhausted D. the ant had been struggled in the water for a long time 3. The ant succeeded in getting on the bank with the help of _______. A. a leaf B. a piece of wood C. a blade of grass D. a raft 4. Just as the man shot at the dove, _______. A. the dove immediately flew away B. the dove hid himself in the grass C. the ant told the dove to leave at once D. he felt something biting him in the foot 5. In writing the story, the writer wants to show _______. A. how clever the ant was B. how kind the dove was C. how the ant and the dove helped each other D. we often need help from others, therefore we should help others as much as we can 词汇扩展 ① desperate adj. 拼死的 ② exhausted adj. 精疲力竭的 ③ dove n. 鸽子 ④ blade n. 叶片 Passage 2 Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny' parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. "An A in English!" said Johnny's Dad. "You're a very clever boy, Johnny." Johnny is a hacker. Hackers know how to take informationfrom other computers and put new information in. Using a modem, they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer accountand put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers. （210w） 1. Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _______. A. the classroom B. the school office C. a bank near his house D. his own house 2. When Johnny's parents saw the report, they were happy because _______. A. Johnny was good at math B. Johnny loved computers C. Johnny could join one computer to another D. they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer 3. Who are worried about hackers in the story? A. Johnny's parents. B. School headmasters, teachers and the police. C. The police. D. School headmasters and teachers. 4. What should the hackers know well, do you think, after you read this story? A. Information. B. Back computer accounts. C. Computers. D. Grades. 5. The last paragraph is about _______. A. Johnny B. computers C. hackers D. moden 词汇扩展 ① hacker n. 黑客 ② information n. 信息 ③ modem n. 调制解调器 ④ secretly adv. 秘密地 ⑤ account n. 账户 Passage 3 There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise , he was not hurt. He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garagefor help. The door was opened by one of his patients. " Oh, Doctor," she said, " I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accidenton the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help." （109w） 1. Where was the doctor going in his car? A. We don't know. B. To a patient's home. C. To a garage. D. To his own home. 2. Which of the following was the cause of the accident? A. Careless driving B. A tree had fallen across the road. C. A slipperyroad. D. There was a thick fog. 3. The doctor went to the house because _______. A. he knew one of his patients lived there B. he had received a call to go there C. he wanted to use the telephone D. he was injuredand could walk no further 4. Why did the woman patient telephone the doctor? A. She needed medical treatment. B. She believed somebody else needed a doctor. C. To ask how quickly the doctor could come. D. To ask whether the doctor was coming on his regular visit. 词汇扩展 ① garage n. 汽车修理站 ② accident n. 事故 ③ slippery adj. 滑 ④ injured adj. 受伤 Passage 4 One day a poor man was cutting a big piece of wood near a river. Suddenly his old axe fell into the water. He felt very sad because he lost his only axe. Then all at once a beautiful fairycame out and asked the man what was the matter. "I have lost my axe,"he said."It fell into the water when I was cutting the wood." The fairy showed him a gold axe and asked,"Is this yours?" "No,"said the man. The fairy then showed him a silveraxe and asked again,"Is this yours?""No,"again answered the man. Then she showed him the old axe. "Yes, that is mine,"called out the happy man. "I know that well enough,"said the fairy."I only wanted to see if you would tell me the truth, and now I'll give you the gold axe and the silver axe besides your own one." （147w） 分 1. One day when the man was cutting something, ________. A. he fell into the water B. his axe dropped into the river C. his axe fell into a lake D. he saw a beautiful fairy 2. The man was sad because _________. A. he was poor and had no other axes B. he could not go on working C. he liked his axe very much D. his axe was a gold axe 3. The fairy gave him a gold axe and a silver axe but he didn't take them, because he ______. A. did not like them B. did not know they were made of gold and silver C. was very rich D. knew these axes were not his 4. At the end of the story the man had ________. A. only one axe B. two axes C. three axes D. many axes 5. The fairy helped the man because he was ________ man. A. an old B. a young C. a poor D. an honest. 词汇扩展 ① fairy n. 仙女 ② silver adj. 银制的 Passage 5 An Englishman, a Frenchman and a Russian were discussing happiness. "Happiness," said the Englishman, "Happiness is when you return home tired after work, yet find your slippers(拖鞋) warming by the fire." "You English have no romance," said the Frenchman. "Happiness is when you go on a business trip, find a pretty girl who entertainsyou －then afterwards you partwithout regrets." "You are both wrong," said the Russian. "True happiness is when you are at home in bed and at 4 a.m., you hear a hammering at the door and outside stand the secret police, who say to you, 'Ivan Ivanovitch, you are under arrest', and you say, 'Sorry, Ivanovitch lives next door.'" （ 118w） 1. The Englishman's happiness suggests that _______. A. he should have no time to warm his slippers B. he enjoys the warmth of the family C. he thinks it the most important to have slippers D. he wants someone to warm his slippers 2. What the Frenchman said means that _______. A. a man can be free to play with any pretty girl when possible B. he wants to marry a girl he loves C. he is interested in going on a business trip D. the Englishman should have more romance 3. The Russian thought that ________. A. both the Englishman and the Frenchman were not right B. neither the Englishman nor the Frenchman were right C. neither the Englishman nor Frenchman were wrong D. either the Englishman or the Frenchman were wrong 4. The meaning of the Russian's words is that _______. A. he would like to have a good sleep at night B. he will feel happy if his neighbour is arrested C. he thinks it happiness to feel safe D. he will feel afraid if anyone knocks at his door at night 5. The best title for this story is "_______". A. The Difference in Happiness B. How to Get Happiness C. The Definitionof Happiness D. The Importance of Happiness 词汇扩展 ① slipper n. 拖鞋 ②romance n. 浪漫色彩 ③ entertain v. 招待 ④ part v. 分手 ⑤ arrest v. 逮捕 ⑥ definition n. 定义 参考答案 1. CBCDD 2. DDBCC 3. ACCB 4. BADCD 5. BCACA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 课 堂 小 结 回顾小结 1．熟记本次课所学单词和词组，并识记本堂课上的生词。 2．形成良好的预习习惯，根据下堂课的内容填写下表。 学习主题 　 知识点（词汇、语法、句型、解题方法等） 　 　 　 　 学习习中遇到的问题 　 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 课 后 作 业 课后作业 Passage 6 "Get up, get up, Jim. It's time to get up!" my mother said while she was pushing me. I opened my eyes and looked at the clock. "Oh dear! It's a quarter to eight already. I'll be late for school again," I thought. I jumped out of the bed, washed my face, then hurried to the bus stop without breakfast. As soon as I got on the bus, it started running. "I'm sure I can get to the school on time," I said to myself. Suddenly the bus stopped. The bus driver got off the bus, then got on the bus again and said, "I'm sorry, ladies and gentlemen. There's something wrong with the bus. Please get off the bus and wait for another one." "I couldn't wait. The school is not far. I'd better run to the school," I thought, and then I began to run. But before I got to the school, it began to rain hard. I reached the classroom but I was wet shiveringwith cold. The physics teacher had already begun his lesson. It was Mr. Smith. He was about fifty years old. All the students were a little afraid of him and so was I. I liked neither him nor his physics lessons. I hesitatedfor a moment and then I opened the door. "I'm very sorry, Mr. Smith. I'm late again," I said with a red face. "It's you again, Jim," Mr. smith said angrily. "I've told you not be late, but you…" he suddenly stopped and looked at my wet clothes. He turned to the class and said, "I'm very sorry, my boys and girls." With these words he quickly took off his own jacket and handed it to me. "Now take off your wet coat and put this one or you'll catch cold," he said kindly. I went to my seat with Mr. Smith's jacket on. It was a bit large for me but I felt very warm in it. I found, for the first time, physics was so interesting and how well I could understand it! （348w） 1. Jim was late for school because _______. A. he got up too late B. there was something wrong with the bus C. it rained heavily D. he had to wait for the bus 2. Mr. Smith, the physics teacher, _______ at first when Jim came into the classroom. A. felt sad B. looked kind C. looked worried D. was unhappy 3. Jim felt that _______. A. the jacket was large enough to keep him warm B. Mr. Smith took good care of him C. he understood what Mr. Smith said all the time D. physics is easy if you like the physics teachers 4. From the story, we can learn that _______. A. students can't be late for school B. students can learn better if teachers love them C. physics is easy if you like the physics teachers D. you'll catch cold if your clothes are wet 词汇扩展 ① shiver v. 发抖 ② hesitate v. 犹豫 Passage 7 John is a paper boy. He deliversnewspapers to different houses in his street every day. He has about 80 customers. Half of his customers only take the newspapers on weekdays, and about half take the newspapers on weekdays and on Sundays. John has to get up at 4:30 every morning to deliver his newspapers. It takes longer to deliver the newspaper on Sundays. The Sunday newspapers are twice as heavy as those on weekdays. John is saving his money to buy a new bicycle. He is also saving money for college. He has already saved 500 dollars. （107w） 1. John ________ every day. A. reads books B. sells newspapers C. borrows books D. delivers newspapers 2. How many customers does he have? A. About 40. B. About 120. C. About 80. D. About 20. 3. ______of his customers only take newspapers on weekdays. A. Two B. Eighty C. Forty D. Twenty 4. What time does he have to get up every morning? A. 3:30 B. 4:30 C. 5:30 D. 6:30 5. John is saving his money to buy ______ A. a newspaper B. a new bag C. a house D. a new bicycle 词汇扩展 ① deliver vt. 投递 ② customer n. 客户 ③ college n. 大学 Passage 8 Sam lives in New York. His father has a shop and his mother is a doctor. He's seven years old now and has begun to go to school this autumn. It's a little far from their shop and his father drives a car to take him to school every day. So he's never late for class and his teachers like him. It's Monday today. Miss Hunt is teaching them to count the numbers from one to ten. Sam is studying hard. Soon he can count them. Miss Hunt is happy and asks, "How many people are there in your family, Sam?" Sam stood up and said, "Two, Miss Hunt." "Who are they?" "My father and mother." "Oh? "Miss Hunt is surprised. She said, "There're three people in your family." "But now I'm not at home. I'm at school, you know!" （ 140w） 1. Sam is ________. A. an English boy B. an American boy C. an English girl D. an American girl 2. Sam is in Grade _______ now. A. One B. Two C. three D. four 3. Sam usually goes to school ________. A. on foot B. by bike C. by car D. by bus 4. ______, so Miss Hunt is happy today. A. Sam is late for class B. Sam studies Chinese C. The children are good at English D. Sam can count from one to ten 5. Which of the following is wrong? A. Sam is at school now. B. There 're two people in Sam's family. C. There 're three people in Sam's family. D. Miss Hunt doesn't know how many people there are in Sam's family. Passage 9 There was once a captain who loved money so much that he cheated his sailors at the end of every voyage and took their wages. On the last day of one voyage, the ship was in a small port. It was winter time, and the sea was very cold, so the captain said to his sailors, "If one of you stays in the water during the whole night, I will give him my ship. But if he comes out before the sun appears, I shall get his wages." The sailors had heard about the captain's cheating, so they didn't trust him. But then one of them, who thought that he was cleverer than the captain, said that he would do it. He got into the water, and, though it was very cold, he stayed in it. When it was nearly morning, some fishermen lit a fire on the shore about half a mile away. "You are cheating," the captain said to the sailor. "The fire's warming you." "But it's half a mile away!" said the sailor. "A fire's fire," answered the captain. "I have won." The sailor came out of the water, and said, "Perhaps you think that you are clever because you have won my wages, but you can't cook a chicken." "I can," answered the captain. "If you cook this chicken," said the sailor, "I shall work for you without wages for seven years, but if you can't, you will give me your ship." The captain agreed, took the chicken and said, "Where's the fire?" "There it is," answered the sailor. "On the shore." "But it's half a mile away," said the captain angrily. " 'A fire's fire,' you said," answered the sailor. "If it is enough to warm me in the water, it is enough to cook your chicken." （301w） 1. The captain got the sailors' wages ________. A. to buy a chicken for himself B. and kept the money for future use C. by cheating him D. and said he would return the money soon 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. All the sailors refused to get into the water because it was too cold. B. The captain knew that the fire the fishermen made was enough to warm the sailor in the water. C. The captain succeeded in cheating the sailor. D. It was the sailor who was cleverer. 3. The captain insisted that the fire was warming the sailor because he ________. A. didn't want to lose the bet B. didn't believe the sailor's success C. wanted to keep his promise D. wanted to show his cleverness 4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. The sailors didn't trust the captain. B. In order to help the sailor in the water, the fishermen made a fire. C. The captain failed to cheat the sailor this time. D. The sailor didn't get out of the water before the sun appeared. 5. What is the title of the story? A. How a Captain Cheated His Sailor B. How a Sailor Got a Ship C. A Brave Sailor D. A Fire Is Fire Passage 10 Last year when Tom graduated from school, he came to Taibei. He didn't like to work on his father's farm and hoped to find a job in a big city. He went from one company to another but no one wanted him. With little money left, he got to the station, sad and tired. All he wanted to do was go back to his small town. It was very late at night and the station was full of people. They were waiting to buy tickets of the last train. He bought the last ticket, and he was very happy. At that time, a woman with a crying baby walked to him and asked him to sell her the ticket. He gave her the ticket because he thought they needed it more than he did. After the train left, he sat on the bench and didn't know where to go. Suddenly, an old man came and said, "Young man, I have seen what you did to the woman. I am the owner of a big company. I need a good young man like you. Would you like to work for me?" （190w） 1. Tom came to the station to _______. A. find a job B. take the train home C. sell the ticket D. take the train to Taibei 2. The woman walked to Tom because _______. A. she was Tom's old friend B. her child wanted to talk to Tom C. she needed to take the train D. she had no money to buy a ticket 3. Tom didn't take the train because _______. A. he didn't take a train ticket B. he missed the train C. he wanted to talk to the old man D. he gave his ticket to the woman 4. The old man wanted to _______. A. lend Tom some money B. give Tom a job C. say "Thank you " to Tom D. sit on the bench with Tom 5. What can we learn from this story? A. Many people find job in a train station. B. Don't buy the last ticket of the train. C. If we try our best to help others, others will help us. D. We should not give our ticket to others in a train station. 《新课标高一英语阅读理解精选》答案 6. BDBB 7. DCCBD 8. BACDB 9. CDABD 10. BCDBC 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$