精品解析：江苏省锡山高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

江苏省锡山高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试 英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：150分） 一、阅读理解（本大题共19小题，共38分） Campsite Les Genets St. Jean Plage Les Genets is ideal for a family holiday, which is three quarters of a mile from Merlin Plage, and four miles from St. Jean de Monts. On the site The following facilities (设施) are available: Activities The following activities are available: Reception Languages spoken: English and French Other services : Fax, post, currency exchange, laundry tokens. WiFi available. Water sports Diving lessons Lesson charge: E15. 00 Dining Restaurant: Small restaurant Location: Near the pool and bar Takeaway: Pizzas, burgers, chips, daily specials Sports Tennis — one full-size court Table tennis— three tables Badminton— one court Basketball— one court Volleyball— one court Laundry Washers: 5 x machines €5.00 per load (每堆待洗衣物) Dryers: 2 x machines €64.00 per load Playgrounds One playground Sanitation Hot showers, baby baths, toilets, children’s toilets. Cycle hire Adults: €41. 00/week €l0.00/day Children: €31.00/week, €10.00/day Helmets (头盔) and child seats available. 1. What does the word “Sanitation” probably mean in Chinese? A. 洗浴设施 B. 卫生设施 C. 娱乐设施 D. 健身设施 2. What sport can’t you play on the site? A. Football. B. Basketball. C. Volleyball. D. Tennis. 3. If Mr. and Mrs. Brown and their son Jim want to rent bicycles for a week, how much will they pay? A. €62.00. B. €72.00. C. €82.00. D. €113.00. Stage lighting is too-often an underappreciated art for theatergoers. Not only does light illuminate (照亮) the action you’re watching, it also directly affects the emotion and subtext of a scene. Would Romeo and Juliet be as swoon-worthy without just the right wash of romantic colors? In short, stage lighting isn’t just illumination. It is design, art, emotion, and subtext. It’s a beautiful entrance into the world of stagecraft and design. We’re used to a world of smart computers, color gels, and all sorts of electronic awesomeness, but the early days of stage performance in human history? Not so lucky. They had to use candles, flashlights, flames, and simple lighting effects to illuminate and shade the action being played out on stage. In the early days of Greek theatre, for instance, most plays were staged in daylight, to simplify production and to take the fullest advantage of the sunshine. But by Shakespeare’s time, even though many productions were still taking advantage of natural light through afternoon stagings (上演), stage lighting nevertheless included everything from the candles behind the footlights to the use of torches, candles, and basic coverings to allow for more control of the lighting from scene to scene. However, today’s stage lighting tools are a heady combination of technology and creativity and truly allow designers to let their imaginations take flight. Requiring their own vocabulary of sorts, the tools of today’s lighting designers are high-tech marvels that are a far cry from the original candles and torches of old, but all accomplish the same goal - beautiful illumination for the action onstage. In the performing arts, light itself is a part of the performance, and the work of the light board operator can often feel very much like a dance of sorts. 4. Romeo and Juliet is mentioned to show that stage light_____. A. is nothing but romantic colors B. is no more than illumination C. is the favorite of theatergoers D. plays an important role on the stage 5. Which of the following is used in the early days of Greek theatre? A. Torches. B. Candles. C. High-tech marvels. D. Natural light. 6. What’s the structure of the passage? A. ①②\③④⑤\⑥ B. ①②③\④⑤\⑥ C. ①②\③\④⑤⑥ D. ①②\③④\⑤⑥ 7. What’s the best title? A. Stage lighting then and now B. Underappreciated illumination C. The history of stage lighting. D. The future of stage lighting, Dan Grieb, 45 years old, was looking for a way to change his life. After waking up one morning and facing the fact that he was overweight and needed to do something about it, he decided to take up a new challenge. “I woke up one day…I was 120 pounds overweight. I was a good husband and a good dad and just didn’t believe I could have them all,” he said. The Florida man decided to challenge himself by setting the goal of competing in 10 Ironman competitions and to lose 100 pounds. But after achieving his goal, he was still feeling unsatisfied. So he decided to coach Chris Nikic, a man with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征)， to compete in a full Ironman distance race competition. “What if a person with Down syndrome could become an Ironman?” Grieb thought. People like Nikic have been told that their entire life wouldn’t amount to much. Grieb wanted to give the gift of completing the competition to someone like Nikic. In November 2020, Nikic completed his first-ever full distance Ironman triathlon (铁人三项), which included a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.22-mile marathon run. Coaching Nikic was an honour for Grieb and something for which he’s grateful. Spending time helping someone with Down syndrome complete such a challenging task was extremely rewarding. “Remember that if you have a person with Down syndrome in your family, that person is an angel. What I needed was exactly what a young man with Down syndrome gave me,” Grieb added. 8. What made Dan Grieb worried? A. Raising a family. B. Having a bad habit. C. Staying up late. D. Getting too heavy. 9. Why did Dan Grieb decide to do coaching work? A. To earn a pay cheek. B. To realize his potential. C. To win others’ respect. D. To honour the disabled. 10. What did Chris Nikic do in November 2020? A. He held an Ironman distance race. B. He achieved his goal as expected. C He dropped out of the competition. D. He was awarded a gold medal. 11. What is the text? A. A diary entry. B. A medical report. C. A science fiction. D. A motivational story. When thinking about intelligence, we often place humans at the top of the ranks. However, there is a species whose intelligence is far more advanced and perhaps more similar to humans than we’d thought — crows (乌鸦). In 2002, a crow named Betty wowed Oxford University scientists by picking up a piece of wire in her cage and bending it at one end to make a hooked (钩状的) tool. Then the crow used the hooked tool to lift a pig’s heart from a small container to eat. Many years later, researchers found that bending tools was in fact not that unusual for New Caledonian crows. As part of the Corvid family of birds, the brains of New Caledonian crows and others within the family have been studied more closely. Corvids have shown amazing cognitive (认知的) abilities. Unlike humans, corvids do not have a neocortex — a brain structure that allows for advanced cognitive development. Instead, their brains are filled with neurons (神经元) which have enabled the bird to have similar mental capacities like humans. According to a paper published earlier this year, New Caledonians are particular about the plant stem (茎) which they use to make their hooked tools and are able find out the best plant stem. They are also capable of looking for that plant stem even when it is disguised (伪装) with leaves from a different plant species. Crows are also able to use their abilities to solve advanced problems. Crows also seem to use their cleverness for fun, much like humans do, as young birds love to play. New Caledonian crows have emotions and memories and are cognitively skilled animals. They just might not be so different from us humans after all! 12. How did Betty surprise the scientists? A. She made a hooked tool. B. She escaped from her cage. C. She managed to lift a heavy container. D. She showed great interest in pig’s heart. 13. What do we know about New Caledonian crows? A. They remain unknown to humans. B. They are quite different from other corvids. C. Their brain structure is similar to that of humans. D. Their cognitive abilities are decided by neurons. 14. What does the underlined word “particular ” in paragraph 4 mean ? A. Anxious. B. Happy. C. Picky. D. Curious. 15. What is the text mainly about ? A. The intelligence of crows. B. The survival skills of crows. C. The development of the crow family. D. The memories of crows. Fossil fuels are rapidly warming the planet, and the aerosols (气溶胶) from their burning process kill millions of people each year. But those aerosols can also cool the atmosphere. It creates an odd climate contradiction. If we burn less gas, oil, and coal, we’ll stop loading the sky with planet-warming carbon, but we’ll also load it with fewer planet-cooling aerosols. But exactly how much cooling we get from aerosols, and how strong that effect will be as the world stops using fossil fuels, are huge questions among climate researchers. Burning fossil fuels produces clouds of tiny particles (颗粒), which cool the climate in two main ways. “The little particles themselves act like little mirrors, and they reflect some sunlight straight back to space,” says University of Oxford climate scientist Duncan Watson-Parris. The second way is more indirect: They influence the formation of clouds, which in turn affect the local climate. “Water vapor (水蒸气) in the atmosphere covers the aerosols and forms cloud droplets (云滴),” says Watson-Parris. If you load a given area with extra aerosols, the droplets end up being more numerous, yet smaller: There’s only so much water vapor to go around all the particles. Smaller droplets are brighter than bigger ones, which whitens the cloud, causing it to reflect more of the sun’s energy back into space. In addition, the atmosphere is an extremely complicated 3D system stretching miles into the sky. Temperatures, humidity, and winds are changing constantly. And the aerosols caused by human activity are extraordinarily complicated. That’s why scientists can’t yet say that if we burn fewer fossil fuels and reduce aerosols by X amount, we can expect Y amount of warming. That’s why researchers like Watson-Parris have had a range of outcomes. More atmospheric data, they say, will help them get closer to concrete numbers. If we find better ways to take existing aerosols out of the air, but continue to burn fuels that release planet-warming carbon dioxide, we’ll raise temperatures while eliminating the tiny particles that are compensating for (抵消) some of that heat. And that, Watson-Parris says, would be “a double blow.” 16. What remains unknown to climate researchers according to paragraph 1? A. When the world can get rid of fossil fuels. B. What the best alternative to fossil fuels is. C. How the aerosols will affect temperatures. D. How people will benefit from the aerosols. 17. What can contribute to cooling the climate according to paragraph 3? A. Less water vapor. B. Whiter clouds. C. Bigger droplets. D. Fewer particles. 18. What are the climate researchers probably doing at present? A. Collecting more atmospheric data. B. Calling on people to reduce the aerosols. C. Building up a better research model. D. Questioning Watson-Parris’s research results. 19 What does the underlined word “eliminating” in the last paragraph mean? A. Comparing. B. Removing. C. Monitoring. D. Distinguishing. 二、七选五（本大题共5小题，共15分） As we enter year 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic，many scientists continue to work remotely and all meetings are virtual. With limited in-person opportunities for cooperation and none for socializing, you may have trouble building relationships with your new colleagues. The pandemic is affecting your scientific exchange in the lab. ___20___ Be active. Integrating into a post-PhD world can be very difficult because you are the new person in a group of people whose lives are already settled. Try asking a senior member of the lab if they are willing to help you navigate the new environment. Schedule a meeting as soon as possible. ___21___ They are busy people! ___22___ Provide meaningful insights into a colleague’s work. After carefully reading a colleague’s work, which is ideally closely related to your own, have an in-depth discussion with them on the subject. Connecting their work with your own can open the door to receiving valuable knowledge and feedback from your more experienced colleagues. Your insights can also pave the way for future cooperation. Start small. If there is no ongoing project you could organize one. ___23___ Just a small effort that you think would bring out the core strengths of your team. This will not only bring everyone closer but also highlight to others that you are passionate about what you do. Network creatively. ___24___ They may be researchers working in facilities that you may use in the future or students happy to profit from your experience. If you don't know them, drop them an email and ask if they want to meet. You'll build goodwill, social capital, and meaningful relationships along the way. A. Don’t be absent-minded. B. Show interest in others’ work. C. Don’t wait for them to invite you. D. Using the network is also a good way. E. It does not need to be something grand and fancy. F. How can you integrate yourself into the lab environment? G Schedule video calls with a variety of people beyond your lab. 三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30分） A week ago, in search of an extremely ____25____ flower called the tagimoucia, I travelled to Taveuni, where the plant only grows. My host Vagoni told me that many locals may have only seen the flower in pictures. He also told me that I’d be ____26____ to climb the mountain without a ____27____. “You’ll be on the steep (陡峭的) service road before you ____28____ the rainforest on an unmarked track to have any chance of finding the tagimoucia. There’s thick ____29____ and it’s always raining,” he said. “At best, you don’t find the ____30____. At worst, you get completely ____31____.” I asked Vagoni ____32____ this worst case had happened before. “____33____!” he said. “Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. What a _____34_____!” Soon, we set out up the service road with a guide. I’d hiked Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, and made it _____35_____ the Everest Base Camp. _____36_____, I quickly discovered that Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness make the climbing astonishingly _____37_____. I needed to stop to rest every 10 minutes. An hour later, we were in the forest, ducking under fallen trees and climbing over other obstacles. Suddenly, the guide pointed up with _____38_____. “Look! The tagimoucia!” he shouted. I couldn’t believe we’d found it — I also couldn’t see a thing, as my glasses_____39_____ up in the mist. 25. A. delicate B. beautiful C. rare D. tiny 26. A. slow B. funny C. foolish D. weak 27. A. rope B. guide C. walking stick D. sleeping bag 28. A. cut into B. search for C. look around D. make out 29. A. forest B. grass C. snow D. fog 30. A. way B. water C. shelter D. flower 31. A. mad B. lost C. exhausted D. defeated 32. A. whether B. how C. when D. why 33. A. Accidentally B. Basically C. Frequently D. Exactly 34. A. chance B. shock C. schedule D. mess 35. A. with B. to C. for D. at 36. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides 37. A. impressive B. urgent C. unique D. tough 38. A. excitement B. interest C. curiosity D. fear 39. A. straightened B. steamed C. pushed D. broken 四、语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The movie, directed by Stephen Chbosky _____40_____(praise) by audiences for hitting the soft spot as as a heartwarming story that manages to avoid ____41____(turn) too sentimental. ____42____(base) on the best-selling novel of the same name, Wondertells the story of a 10-year-old boy named Auggie ___43___ was born with ____44____(face) problem, and he begins fifth grade after ____45____(year) of being home-schooled by ____46____(he) mother. Not ______47______(expect), Auggie’s unusual appearance is laughed at by many peers. But with the strong support of his parents and sister, Auggie eventually inspires the people ____48____ him with courage, kindness and wisdom to earn their _____49_____(friend), respect and love. 五、单词拼写（本大题共10小题，共15分） 50. In crowded streets, it is more c__________ to ride a bicycle than driving a car. (根据首字母单词拼写) 51. Go outdoors and get involved in more team games since physical exercise is an ________ way to get rid of anger. （根据课文内容填空） 52. When you apply for a position, your ______ (先前的) experience gives you an advantage in the hiring process. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 53. With the Spring Festival a____________ (靠近), the students are beginning to talk about their plans.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 54. In order to realize our potential, it is important for us to make the most of our school ____________ (资源) and our school ____________ (设施). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. More hot water, more rest and less anxiety will help you ________(恢复)soon. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 56. He provided ______ (灵感) for the work of later artists including Picasso and Monet. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 57. Maybe animals ________ (进化) as they ________ (适应) to their changing environments.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 58. I p_______ going out for a more active life on Sundays to staying at home all day. (根据首字母单词拼写) 59. Environment problems are discussed quite ________(频繁) in the news. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 六、选词填空（本大题共7小题，共14分） 根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。 have trouble with, refer to, live a happy life, out of gratitude, carry out, sweep away, run...to safety 60. ________, everyone wants to have good health and a long life. 61. ________, he told me that he would invite me to dinner in the evening. 62. He feels unhappy because he is ________his classmates at the moment. 63. I should give my own opinion and explain it by ________other authors. 64. They are going to have a meeting to determine who will ________the plan. 65. When fire broke out in the house, she ________as fast as she could ________. 66. We haven’t cleaned the house for a few days, because we don’t want to ________good luck. 七、书信写作（本大题共1小题，共25分） 67. 假定你是李华，你校将到黄山风景区举行“我爱黄山（Mr. Huangshan）”主题活动。请你给交换生James发一封邮件告知活动相关情况。内容包括： 1.时间和地点； 2.活动安排； 3.注意事项。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 江苏省锡山高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试 英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：150分） 一、阅读理解（本大题共19小题，共38分） Campsite Les Genets St. Jean Plage Les Genets is ideal for a family holiday, which is three quarters of a mile from Merlin Plage, and four miles from St. Jean de Monts. On the site The following facilities (设施) are available: Activities The following activities are available: Reception Languages spoken: English and French Other services : Fax, post, currency exchange, laundry tokens. WiFi available. Water sports Diving lessons Lesson charge: E15. 00 Dining Restaurant: Small restaurant Location: Near the pool and bar Takeaway: Pizzas, burgers, chips, daily specials Sports Tennis — one full-size court Table tennis— three tables Badminton— one court Basketball— one court Volleyball— one court Laundry Washers: 5 x machines €5.00 per load (每堆待洗衣物) Dryers: 2 x machines €64.00 per load Playgrounds One playground Sanitation Hot showers, baby baths, toilets, children’s toilets. Cycle hire Adults: €41. 00/week, €l0.00/day Children: €31.00/week, €10.00/day Helmets (头盔) and child seats available. 1. What does the word “Sanitation” probably mean in Chinese? A. 洗浴设施 B. 卫生设施 C. 娱乐设施 D. 健身设施 2. What sport can’t you play on the site? A. Football. B. Basketball. C. Volleyball. D. Tennis. 3. If Mr. and Mrs. Brown and their son Jim want to rent bicycles for a week, how much will they pay? A. €62.00. B. €72.00. C. €82.00. D. €113.00. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，介绍了一个适合家庭旅行的地点。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据Sanitation下的解释“Hot showers, baby baths , toilets, children’s toilets.(热水淋浴，婴儿浴，厕所，儿童厕所)”可知，此处描述的是洗浴设施和卫生间，因此划线词意思为“卫生设施”。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Activities下的Sports中“Tennis(网球)”，“Table tennis(乒乓球)”，“Badminton(羽毛球)”，“Basketball(篮球)”和“Volleyball(排球)”可知，不能在营地里做的运动是足球。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cycle hire下的“Adults: €41. 00/week(成年人：41欧元/每周)”及“Children: €31. 00/week(孩子：31欧元/每周)”可知，两个成人一个孩子每周一共需要41*2+31=113欧元。故选D。 Stage lighting is too-often an underappreciated art for theatergoers. Not only does light illuminate (照亮) the action you’re watching, it also directly affects the emotion and subtext of a scene. Would Romeo and Juliet be as swoon-worthy without just the right wash of romantic colors? In short, stage lighting isn’t just illumination. It is design, art, emotion, and subtext. It’s a beautiful entrance into the world of stagecraft and design. We’re used to a world of smart computers, color gels, and all sorts of electronic awesomeness, but the early days of stage performance in human history? Not so lucky. They had to use candles, flashlights, flames, and simple lighting effects to illuminate and shade the action being played out on stage. In the early days of Greek theatre, for instance, most plays were staged in daylight, to simplify production and to take the fullest advantage of the sunshine. But by Shakespeare’s time, even though many productions were still taking advantage of natural light through afternoon stagings (上演), stage lighting nevertheless included everything from the candles behind the footlights to the use of torches, candles, and basic coverings to allow for more control of the lighting from scene to scene. However, today’s stage lighting tools are a heady combination of technology and creativity and truly allow designers to let their imaginations take flight. Requiring their own vocabulary of sorts, the tools of today’s lighting designers are high-tech marvels that are a far cry from the original candles and torches of old, but all accomplish the same goal - beautiful illumination for the action onstage. In the performing arts, light itself is a part of the performance, and the work of the light board operator can often feel very much like a dance of sorts. 4. Romeo and Juliet is mentioned to show that stage light_____. A. is nothing but romantic colors B. is no more than illumination C. is the favorite of theatergoers D. plays an important role on the stage 5. Which of the following is used in the early days of Greek theatre? A. Torches. B. Candles. C. High-tech marvels. D. Natural light. 6. What’s the structure of the passage? A. ①②\③④⑤\⑥ B. ①②③\④⑤\⑥ C. ①②\③\④⑤⑥ D. ①②\③④\⑤⑥ 7. What’s the best title? A. Stage lighting then and now B. Underappreciated illumination C. The history of stage lighting. D. The future of stage lighting, 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在戏剧舞台上，起着重要作用的舞台灯光，过去的历史和现代技术的展现。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Stage lighting…Not only does light illuminate the action you’re watching, it also directly affects the emotion and subtext of a scene.”（舞台灯光……光线不仅照亮了你正在观看的动作，还直接影响了场景的情感和潜台词。）可知，舞台灯光在舞台上起着重要作用。接着，由“Would Romeo and Juliet be as swoon-worthy without just the right wash of romantic colors?（如果没有恰到好处的浪漫色彩，罗密欧与朱丽叶还会如此迷人吗？）可知，提到罗密欧和朱丽叶正是为了说明舞台灯光的重要性。故选D项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段“In the early days of Greek theatre, for instance, most plays were staged in daylight, to simplify production and to take the fullest advantage of the sunshine.”（例如，在希腊剧院早期，大多数戏剧都是在白天上演，以简化制作，充分利用阳光。）可知，在希腊剧院早期，运用的是自然光。故选D项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段讲的是舞台灯光的重要性，第二段开头“In short”（简言之）以及后面内容说明第二段是对第一段的概括总结，故一、二段是第一部分；三段以现代技术的展现启发读者思考，想象历史上的舞台灯光，四和五段是以举例的方式对第三段所引发思考的进一步解释，故三、四、五段是第二部分。第六段讲的是现代舞台灯光效果已和旧时代不可同日而语，是第三部分。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一部分（1，2段）介绍了舞台灯光的重要性，是对舞台灯光的概论。第二部分（3,4,5段）从现代联想到过去，第三部分（6段）从过去回到现代，对现代舞台灯光的赞美。所以本文的标题为“舞台灯光的过去以及现代”。B. Underappreciated illumination（没有充分利用的照明），文章没有涉及；C. The history of stage lighting.（舞台灯光的历史），只是文章的一部分；D. The future of stage lighting.（舞台灯光的未来），文章没有涉及。故选A项。 【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找到主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍舞台灯光的，文章中既有舞台灯光的过去，也有舞台灯光的现代，所以不能选择“舞台灯光的历史”，那样就会以偏概全。 Dan Grieb, 45 years old, was looking for a way to change his life. After waking up one morning and facing the fact that he was overweight and needed to do something about it, he decided to take up a new challenge. “I woke up one day…I was 120 pounds overweight. I was a good husband and a good dad and just didn’t believe I could have them all,” he said. The Florida man decided to challenge himself by setting the goal of competing in 10 Ironman competitions and to lose 100 pounds. But after achieving his goal, he was still feeling unsatisfied. So he decided to coach Chris Nikic, a man with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征)， to compete in a full Ironman distance race competition. “What if a person with Down syndrome could become an Ironman?” Grieb thought. People like Nikic have been told that their entire life wouldn’t amount to much. Grieb wanted to give the gift of completing the competition to someone like Nikic. In November 2020, Nikic completed his first-ever full distance Ironman triathlon (铁人三项), which included a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.22-mile marathon run. Coaching Nikic was an honour for Grieb and something for which he’s grateful. Spending time helping someone with Down syndrome complete such a challenging task was extremely rewarding. “Remember that if you have a person with Down syndrome in your family, that person is an angel. What I needed was exactly what a young man with Down syndrome gave me,” Grieb added. 8. What made Dan Grieb worried? A. Raising a family. B. Having a bad habit. C. Staying up late. D. Getting too heavy. 9. Why did Dan Grieb decide to do coaching work? A. To earn a pay cheek. B. To realize his potential. C. To win others’ respect. D. To honour the disabled. 10. What did Chris Nikic do in November 2020? A. He held an Ironman distance race. B. He achieved his goal as expected. C. He dropped out of the competition. D. He was awarded a gold medal. 11. What is the text? A. A diary entry. B. A medical report. C. A science fiction. D. A motivational story. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dan Grieb参加10次铁人三项、体重减轻100磅后，指导患有唐氏综合征的少年Chris Nikic顺利完成了铁人三项的故事。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“‘I was 120 pounds overweight. I was a good husband and a good dad and just didn’t believe I could have them all,’”（我超重了120磅。我是一个好丈夫和好父亲，只是不相信我能拥有所有这些）可知，Dan Grieb对自己超重的体形感到很忧虑。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But after achieving his goal, he was still feeling unsatisfied.”（但在达到目标后，他仍然感到不满足。）以及第四段“People like Nikic have been told that their entire life wouldn’t amount to much. Grieb wanted to give the gift of completing the competition to someone like Nikic.”（像尼基奇这样的人被告知，他们的一生不会有多大意义。格里布想把完成比赛的礼物送给像尼基奇这样的人。）可推断，Dan Grieb决定指导Chris Nikic挑战铁人三项是为了激发自身的潜能。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In November 2020, Nikic completed his first-ever full distance Ironman triathlon (铁人三项), which included a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.22-mile marathon run.”（2020年11月，尼基奇完成了他的第一个全程铁人三项比赛(铁人三项), 其中包括2.4英里的游泳、112英里的自行车骑行和26.22英里的马拉松跑步。）可知，2020年11月，Chris Nikic成功完成了铁人三项赛事。故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The Florida man decided to challenge himself by setting the goal of competing in 10 Ironman competitions and to lose 100 pounds. But after achieving his goal, he was still feeling unsatisfied.”（这位佛罗里达男子决定挑战自己，设定了参加10场铁人比赛并减掉100磅的目标。但在达到目标后，他仍然感到不满足。）及第四段“So he decided to coach Chris Nikic, a man with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征)， to compete in a full Ironman distance race competition.”（所以他决定执教患有唐氏综合症的克里斯·尼基奇， 参加铁人长跑比赛。）可知，本文主要讲述了一个敢于挑战自我的励志故事。故选D项。 When thinking about intelligence, we often place humans at the top of the ranks. However, there is a species whose intelligence is far more advanced and perhaps more similar to humans than we’d thought — crows (乌鸦). In 2002, a crow named Betty wowed Oxford University scientists by picking up a piece of wire in her cage and bending it at one end to make a hooked (钩状的) tool. Then the crow used the hooked tool to lift a pig’s heart from a small container to eat. Many years later, researchers found that bending tools was in fact not that unusual for New Caledonian crows. As part of the Corvid family of birds, the brains of New Caledonian crows and others within the family have been studied more closely. Corvids have shown amazing cognitive (认知的) abilities. Unlike humans, corvids do not have a neocortex — a brain structure that allows for advanced cognitive development. Instead, their brains are filled with neurons (神经元) which have enabled the bird to have similar mental capacities like humans. According to a paper published earlier this year, New Caledonians are particular about the plant stem (茎) which they use to make their hooked tools and are able find out the best plant stem. They are also capable of looking for that plant stem even when it is disguised (伪装) with leaves from a different plant species. Crows are also able to use their abilities to solve advanced problems. Crows also seem to use their cleverness for fun, much like humans do, as young birds love to play. New Caledonian crows have emotions and memories and are cognitively skilled animals. They just might not be so different from us humans after all! 12. How did Betty surprise the scientists? A. She made a hooked tool. B. She escaped from her cage. C. She managed to lift a heavy container. D. She showed great interest in pig’s heart. 13. What do we know about New Caledonian crows? A. They remain unknown to humans. B. They are quite different from other corvids. C. Their brain structure is similar to that of humans. D. Their cognitive abilities are decided by neurons. 14. What does the underlined word “particular ” in paragraph 4 mean ? A. Anxious. B. Happy. C. Picky. D. Curious. 15. What is the text mainly about ? A. The intelligence of crows. B. The survival skills of crows. C. The development of the crow family. D. The memories of crows. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员发现乌鸦智力比我们想象的要先进得多，可能也更接近于人类。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 2002, a crow named Betty wowed Oxford University scientists by picking up a piece of wire in her cage and bending it at one end to make a hooked tool.”（2002年，一只名叫贝蒂的乌鸦在她的笼子里捡起一根铁丝，把它的一端弯曲成一个钩状工具，这让牛津大学的科学家们大为惊叹。）可知，乌鸦贝蒂做了一个钩形工具，这让科学家们吃惊。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Corvids have shown amazing cognitive (认知的) abilities. Unlike humans, corvids do not have a neocortex — a brain structure that allows for advanced cognitive development. Instead, their brains are filled with neurons which have enabled the bird to have similar mental capacities like humans.”（新喀里多尼亚乌鸦表现出惊人的认知能力。与人类不同的是，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦没有新皮质——一种允许高级认知发展的大脑结构。相反，它们的大脑充满了神经元，这些神经元使它们拥有与人类相似的心智能力。）可知，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦的认知能力是由神经元决定的。故选D。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段的“According to a paper published earlier this year, New Caledonians are particular about the plant stem which they use to make their hooked tools and are able find out the best plant stem. They are also capable of looking for that plant stem even when it is disguised (伪装) with leaves from a different plant species.”（根据今年早些时候发表的一篇论文，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦对它们用来制作钩形工具的植物茎particular，并且能够找到最好的植物茎。它们还能够寻找这种植物的茎，即使它是用不同植物的叶子伪装起来的。）可知，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦寻找最好的植物茎（即使植物茎被伪装起来，乌鸦也能找到它），用最好的植物茎来制作钩状工具，说明新喀里多尼亚乌鸦对用来制作钩形工具的植物茎很挑剔，因此划线词的意思是“挑剔的”，即Picky。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“However, there is a species whose intelligence is far more advanced and perhaps more similar to humans than we’d thought — crows.”（然而，有一种物种的智力比我们想象的要先进得多，可能也更接近于人类——乌鸦。）和下文关于乌鸦智力的科学研究可知，本文主要讲的是乌鸦的智力。故选A。 Fossil fuels are rapidly warming the planet, and the aerosols (气溶胶) from their burning process kill millions of people each year. But those aerosols can also cool the atmosphere. It creates an odd climate contradiction. If we burn less gas, oil, and coal, we’ll stop loading the sky with planet-warming carbon, but we’ll also load it with fewer planet-cooling aerosols. But exactly how much cooling we get from aerosols, and how strong that effect will be as the world stops using fossil fuels, are huge questions among climate researchers. Burning fossil fuels produces clouds of tiny particles (颗粒), which cool the climate in two main ways. “The little particles themselves act like little mirrors, and they reflect some sunlight straight back to space,” says University of Oxford climate scientist Duncan Watson-Parris. The second way is more indirect: They influence the formation of clouds, which in turn affect the local climate. “Water vapor (水蒸气) in the atmosphere covers the aerosols and forms cloud droplets (云滴),” says Watson-Parris. If you load a given area with extra aerosols, the droplets end up being more numerous, yet smaller: There’s only so much water vapor to go around all the particles. Smaller droplets are brighter than bigger ones, which whitens the cloud, causing it to reflect more of the sun’s energy back into space. In addition, the atmosphere is an extremely complicated 3D system stretching miles into the sky. Temperatures, humidity, and winds are changing constantly. And the aerosols caused by human activity are extraordinarily complicated. That’s why scientists can’t yet say that if we burn fewer fossil fuels and reduce aerosols by X amount, we can expect Y amount of warming. That’s why researchers like Watson-Parris have had a range of outcomes. More atmospheric data, they say, will help them get closer to concrete numbers. If we find better ways to take existing aerosols out of the air, but continue to burn fuels that release planet-warming carbon dioxide, we’ll raise temperatures while eliminating the tiny particles that are compensating for (抵消) some of that heat. And that, Watson-Parris says, would be “a double blow.” 16. What remains unknown to climate researchers according to paragraph 1? A. When the world can get rid of fossil fuels. B. What the best alternative to fossil fuels is. C. How the aerosols will affect temperatures. D. How people will benefit from the aerosols. 17. What can contribute to cooling the climate according to paragraph 3? A. Less water vapor. B. Whiter clouds. C. Bigger droplets. D. Fewer particles. 18. What are the climate researchers probably doing at present? A. Collecting more atmospheric data. B. Calling on people to reduce the aerosols. C. Building up a better research model. D. Questioning Watson-Parris’s research results. 19. What does the underlined word “eliminating” in the last paragraph mean? A. Comparing. B. Removing. C. Monitoring. D. Distinguishing. 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。燃烧化石燃料产生的气溶胶虽然对人体和环境有害，但也能帮助地球“降温”。研究人员希望通过收集更多的大气数据来弄清楚人类停止使用化石燃料后气温变化的确切数据。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But exactly how much cooling we get from aerosols, and how strong that effect will be as the world stops using fossil fuels, are huge questions among climate researchers.(但是，随着世界停止使用化石燃料，气溶胶究竟能给我们带来多少降温效果，以及这种效果会有多强，这些都是气象研究人员面临的巨大问题。)”可知，目前，气象研究员仍不清楚气溶胶的降温作用有多大，也不能判断全球停用化石燃料将会对气候产生怎样的影响。故选C。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Smaller droplets are brighter than bigger ones, which whitens the cloud, causing it to reflect more of the sun’s energy back into space.(较小的液滴比较大的液滴更亮，这使云层变白，使其将更多的太阳能量反射回太空。)”可知，云滴体积越小，云就越白，也更容易将太阳光反射到太空中，从而有利于降低大气温度。故选B。 【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“More atmospheric data, they say, will help them get closer to concrete numbers.(他们说，更多的大气数据将帮助他们更接近具体的数字。)”可知，更多的大气数据有助于气象研究员得出确切的结果。由此可推知，他们现在很有可能在收集更多的大气数据。故选A。 19题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“If we find better ways to take existing aerosols out of the air, but continue to burn fuels that release planet-warming carbon dioxide, we’ll raise temperatures while eliminating the tiny particles that are compensating for (抵消) some of that heat. And that, Watson-Parris says, would be “a double blow.”(如果我们找到更好的方法将现有的气溶胶从空气中去除，但继续燃烧释放使地球变暖的二氧化碳的燃料，我们将提高温度，在eliminating补偿部分热量的微小颗粒的同时。Watson Parris说，这将是“双重打击”)”可知，如果我们清除了空气中现存的气溶胶，还继续燃烧化石燃料，同时消除抵消部分热量的微小颗粒，地球会越来越热，Watson-Parris认为这对人类来说无疑是双重打击。所以划线词eliminating意为“清除”。故选B。 二、七选五（本大题共5小题，共15分） As we enter year 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic，many scientists continue to work remotely and all meetings are virtual. With limited in-person opportunities for cooperation and none for socializing, you may have trouble building relationships with your new colleagues. The pandemic is affecting your scientific exchange in the lab. ___20___ Be active. Integrating into a post-PhD world can be very difficult because you are the new person in a group of people whose lives are already settled. Try asking a senior member of the lab if they are willing to help you navigate the new environment. Schedule a meeting as soon as possible. ___21___ They are busy people! ___22___ Provide meaningful insights into a colleague’s work. After carefully reading a colleague’s work, which is ideally closely related to your own, have an in-depth discussion with them on the subject. Connecting their work with your own can open the door to receiving valuable knowledge and feedback from your more experienced colleagues. Your insights can also pave the way for future cooperation. Start small. If there is no ongoing project, you could organize one. ___23___ Just a small effort that you think would bring out the core strengths of your team. This will not only bring everyone closer but also highlight to others that you are passionate about what you do. Network creatively. ___24___ They may be researchers working in facilities that you may use in the future or students happy to profit from your experience. If you don't know them, drop them an email and ask if they want to meet. You'll build goodwill, social capital, and meaningful relationships along the way. A. Don’t be absent-minded. B. Show interest in others’ work. C. Don’t wait for them to invite you. D. Using the network is also a good way. E. It does not need to be something grand and fancy. F. How can you integrate yourself into the lab environment? G. Schedule video calls with a variety of people beyond your lab. 【答案】20. F 21. C 22. B 23. E 24. G 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何将自己融入到实验室环境中提出一些建议。 【20题详解】 上文“The pandemic is affecting your scientific exchange in the lab.(流行病正在影响你们在实验室的科学交流。)”指出现象，新冠疫情对实验室的科学交流造成影响，选项F“如何将自己融入到实验室环境中?”承接上文，提出问题，引出下面各段介绍融入到实验室环境的诸项建议。选项中the lab environment和上文中in the lab语义相关，上下文逻辑一致。故选F项。 【21题详解】 上文“Try asking a senior member of the lab if they are willing to help you navigate the new environment. Schedule a meeting as soon as possible.(试着问问实验室的资深成员，看他们是否愿意帮你适应新环境。尽快安排一次会议。)”建议要多问问职场老人，选项C“不要等他们邀请你。”承接上文，建议如何沟通交流，下文“They are busy people!(他们是大忙人!)”和选项存在因果关系，因为他们都很忙，所以不要等他们邀请你。选项中them指上文中a senior member of the lab，和下文中They所指一致。故选C项。 【22题详解】 下文“Provide meaningful insights into a colleague’s work. After carefully reading a colleague's work, which is ideally closely related to your own，have an in-depth discussion with them on the subject.(对同事的工作提供有意义的见解。在仔细阅读了一位同事的工作之后，最好是与你自己的工作密切相关的，然后与他们就这个问题进行深入的讨论。)”说明我们要对同事的工作进行探索，借此学习知识经验，选项B“对别人的工作表现出兴趣。”位于段首，概括说明要对别人的工作表现出兴趣。选项中others’ work和下文中a colleague’s work语义相关，上下文逻辑一致。故选B项。 【23题详解】 上文（段首）“Start small. If there is no ongoing project, you could organize one. (从小事做起。如果没有正在进行的项目，你可以组织一个。)”概括本段主题：从小事做起，建议组织个项目选。选项E“它不需要是什么宏伟和花哨的东西。”说明组织的项目不需要多么宏伟和花哨，引出下文“Just a small effort that you think would bring out the core strengths of your team.(只要一点小小的努力就能激发出你团队的核心力量。)”。选项中It does not need to be something grand and fancy和上文中small以及下文中a small effort语义相关。故选E项。 【24题详解】 上文“Network creatively.(创造性地建立人际网络。)”概括说明本段主题：建立人际网络，选项G“安排与实验室之外的各种人的视频通话。”承接本段主题，建议要安排与实验室之外的各种人的视频通话。引出下文“They may be researchers working in facilities that you may use in the future or students happy to profit from your experience.(他们可能是在你将来可能使用的设施中工作的研究人员，或者是乐于从你的经验中获益的学生。)”介绍他们是哪些人。下文中they指选项中a variety of people beyond your lab，文意通顺，逻辑合理。故选G项。 三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30分） A week ago, in search of an extremely ____25____ flower called the tagimoucia, I travelled to Taveuni, where the plant only grows. My host Vagoni told me that many locals may have only seen the flower in pictures. He also told me that I’d be ____26____ to climb the mountain without a ____27____. “You’ll be on the steep (陡峭的) service road before you ____28____ the rainforest on an unmarked track to have any chance of finding the tagimoucia. There’s thick ____29____ and it’s always raining,” he said. “At best, you don’t find the ____30____. At worst, you get completely ____31____.” I asked Vagoni ____32____ this worst case had happened before. “____33____!” he said. “Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. What a _____34_____!” Soon, we set out up the service road with a guide. I’d hiked Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, and made it _____35_____ the Everest Base Camp. _____36_____, I quickly discovered that Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness make the climbing astonishingly _____37_____. I needed to stop to rest every 10 minutes. An hour later, we were in the forest, ducking under fallen trees and climbing over other obstacles. Suddenly, the guide pointed up with _____38_____. “Look! The tagimoucia!” he shouted. I couldn’t believe we’d found it — I also couldn’t see a thing, as my glasses_____39_____ up in the mist. 25. A. delicate B. beautiful C. rare D. tiny 26. A. slow B. funny C. foolish D. weak 27. A. rope B. guide C. walking stick D. sleeping bag 28. A. cut into B. search for C. look around D. make out 29. A. forest B. grass C. snow D. fog 30. A. way B. water C. shelter D. flower 31. A. mad B. lost C. exhausted D. defeated 32. A. whether B. how C. when D. why 33. A. Accidentally B. Basically C. Frequently D. Exactly 34. A. chance B. shock C. schedule D. mess 35. A. with B. to C. for D. at 36. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides 37. A. impressive B. urgent C. unique D. tough 38. A. excitement B. interest C. curiosity D. fear 39. A. straightened B. steamed C. pushed D. broken 【答案】25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者想去找一种罕见的花，没有犯蠢，听从了他人的建议带着向导一起去登山，经过艰难险阻，终于找到花，但因为雾气太重，戴眼镜的作者什么也看不清。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一周前，为了寻找一种名为tagimoucia的极其罕见的花，我去了塔韦尼，这种植物只生长在那里。A. delicate微妙的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. rare稀少的、罕见的；D. tiny极小的。由下文的“Taveuni, where the plant only grows (花只在塔韦尼生长)”和“many locals may have only seen the flower in pictures (许多当地人可能只在照片中看到过这种花)”可知，名为tagimoucia的花是极其罕见的。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他还告诉我，在没有向导的情况下登山是愚蠢的。A. slow慢慢的；B. funny有趣的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. weak虚弱的。呼应下文的“this worst case had happened before (这种最糟糕的情况以前发生过)”和“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. (就在两周前，一个由七名当地人组成的小组在没有向导的情况下上去，在云雾中迷路了。当时有一次搜救任务)”讲没有向导带路登山会发生糟糕的事情，这种行为无疑很愚蠢。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义或短语辨析。句意：他还告诉我，在没有向导的情况下登山是愚蠢的。A. rope绳子；B. guide向导；C. walking stick手杖；D. sleeping bag睡袋。呼应下文的“this worst case had happened before (这种最糟糕的情况以前发生过)”和“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. (就在两周前，一个由七名当地人组成的小组在没有向导的情况下上去，在云雾中迷路了。当时有一次搜救任务)”讲没有向导带路登山会发生糟糕的事情，这种行为无疑很愚蠢。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“你将在陡峭的便道上，然后在一条没有标记的小路上驶入雨林，有机会找到tagimoucia。那里有浓雾，而且一直在下雨。”A. cut into切入；B. search for寻找；C. look around（四处）转转；D. make out理解。由本处的“You’ll be on the steep (陡峭的) service road before you ____4____ the rainforest on an unmarked track”可知，此处讲先在便道上走，然后从没有标记的小路上切入（即驶入）雨林。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“你将在陡峭的便道上，然后在一条没有标记的小路上驶入雨林，有机会找到tagimoucia。那里有浓雾，而且一直在下雨。”A. forest森林；B. grass草；C. snow雪；D. fog雾。由常识，下文的“it’s always raining”和“in the mist (在薄雾中)”可知，雨林气候炎热，老下雨，会有浓雾，呼应下文的“got lost in the cloud (在云雾中迷路了)”。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：往好了说，你找不到花。A. way路；B. water水；C. shelter庇护所；D. flower花。由上文讲作者寻找的花很稀有，“this worst case had happened before (这种最糟糕的情况以前发生过)”和下文的“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. (就在两周前，一个由七名当地人组成的小组在没有向导的情况下上去，在云雾中迷路了。当时有一次搜救任务)”可知，鉴于找花的艰难，好点情况是找不到花。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：往坏了说，会完全迷路。A. mad疯狂的；B. lost迷路的；C. exhausted筋疲力尽的；D. defeated被击败的。由上文讲作者寻找的花很稀有和下文的“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. (就在两周前，一个由七名当地人组成的小组在没有向导的情况下上去，在云雾中迷路了。当时有一次搜救任务)”可知，鉴于找花的艰难，坏点情况是完全迷路了。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我问瓦戈尼，这种最糟糕的情况以前是否发生过。A. whether是否；B. how如何；C. when当……时候；D. why为什么。由下文的“he said”可知，作者问瓦戈尼，这种最糟糕的情况以前是否发生过，瓦戈尼才会回答。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“经常！”他说。A. Accidentally意外地；B. Basically大体上；C. Frequently频繁地、经常；D. Exactly确切地。由下文的“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. (就在两周前，一个由七名当地人组成的小组在没有向导的情况下上去，在云雾中迷路了)”可知，对于会迷路这种最糟糕的情况，瓦戈尼给予了肯定的回答，“Frequently”符合文意，呼应上文讲没向导登山很愚蠢。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：真是一团糟！A. chance机会；B. shock震惊；C. schedule日程；D. mess混乱。由上文的“Just two weeks ago, a group of seven locals went up without a guide and got lost in the cloud. There was a search-and-rescue mission. (就在两周前，一个由七名当地人组成的小组在没有向导的情况下上去，在云雾中迷路了。当时有一次搜救任务)”可知，在雨林中寻找迷失的人，这真是一团乱。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我徒步穿越了非洲最高的山峰乞力马扎罗山，到达了珠穆朗玛峰大本营。A. with用；B. to到、至；C. for为了；D. at在(某处)。由下文的“the Everest Base Camp”可知，作者到达了珠穆朗玛峰大本营。故选B项。 【36题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，塔韦尼极端潮湿和小径的陡峭使攀登变得异常艰难。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Besides此外。由本处语境可知，该空与上文形成转折关系，用However。故选A项。 【37题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，塔韦尼的极端潮湿和小径的陡峭使攀登变得异常艰难。A. impressive给人印象深刻的；B. urgent紧急的；C. unique独特的；D. tough艰难的。由上文的“Taveuni’s extreme humidity and the trail’s steepness”，下文的“I needed to stop to rest every 10 minutes (我需要每10分钟停下来休息一次)”和“ducking under fallen trees and climbing over other obstacles (在倒下的树下躲避，爬过其他障碍物)”可知，攀登变得异常艰难。故选D项。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，向导兴奋地指了指。A. excitement兴奋；B. interest兴趣；C. curiosity好奇心；D. fear恐惧。由下文的““Look! The tagimoucia!” he shouted. (“看！tagimoucia！”他喊道)”可知，向导发现花了，此时应该很兴奋。故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我简直不敢相信我们找到了它——我也什么也看不见，因为我的眼镜在薄雾中蒙上水汽。A. straightened变直；B. steamed蒙上水汽、蒙上汽雾；C. pushed推；D. broken打破。由上文的“I also couldn’t see a thing”可知，作者看不见花是因为作者的眼镜在薄雾中蒙上水汽。故选B项。 四、语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The movie, directed by Stephen Chbosky _____40_____(praise) by audiences for hitting the soft spot as as a heartwarming story that manages to avoid ____41____(turn) too sentimental. ____42____(base) on the best-selling novel of the same name, Wondertells the story of a 10-year-old boy named Auggie ___43___ was born with ____44____(face) problem, and he begins fifth grade after ____45____(year) of being home-schooled by ____46____(he) mother. Not ______47______(expect), Auggie’s unusual appearance is laughed at by many peers. But with the strong support of his parents and sister, Auggie eventually inspires the people ____48____ him with courage, kindness and wisdom to earn their _____49_____(friend), respect and love. 【答案】40. was praised 41. turning 42 Based 43. who##that 44. facial 45. years 46. his 47. unexpectedly 48. around 49. friendship 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了电影《奇迹男孩》。这部改编自全球畅销小说《奇迹》电影讲述了一个温暖千万家庭的成长故事。主人公Auggie天生脸部残疾，进入学校上学时因外貌遭遇的嘲笑和排斥，但是父母、姐姐一直是他的坚强后盾，最终Auggie凭借勇气、善良和智慧激励了许多周围的人，收获了友谊、尊重和爱。 【40题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这部由Stephen Chbosky执导的电影，因为一个避免了过于伤感，温暖人心的故事，受到观众们的赞扬。 分析句式可知，句子缺少谓语动词，故praise作谓语，与主语The movie是被动关系，用被动语态，根据语境可知，用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was praised。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这部由stephen chbosky执导的电影，因为一个避免了过于伤感，温暖人心的故事，受到观众们的赞扬。avoid后接动名词作宾语，故填turning。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《奇迹男孩》改编自同名畅销小说，讲述了一个名叫奥吉的10岁男孩的故事，他出生时就有面部问题，在母亲的家庭教育下，他开始上五年级。分析句式可知，“_3____(base) on the best-selling novel of the same name”此处作状语，电影是基于小说而来，故Wonder与base是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动关系，置句首单词首字母大写。故填Based。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：《奇迹男孩》改编自同名畅销小说，讲述了一个名叫奥吉的10岁男孩的故事，他出生时就有面部问题，在母亲的家庭教育下，他开始上五年级。分析句式可知，“__4___ was born with ____5____(face) problem”此处是定语从句，先行词是boy，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：《《奇迹男孩》改编自同名畅销小说，讲述了一个名叫奥吉的10岁男孩的故事，他出生时就有面部问题，在母亲的家庭教育下，他开始上五年级。此处用来修饰名词，用形容词作定语。face“脸”是名词，形容词形式是facial。故填facial。 【45题详解】 考查名词的单复数。句意：《奇迹男孩》改编自同名畅销小说，讲述了一个名叫奥吉的10岁男孩的故事，他出生时就有面部问题，在母亲的家庭教育下，他开始上五年级。year“年”是可数名词，此处表示：数年的在家教育，故用复数。故填years。 【46题详解】 考查代词。句意：《奇迹》改编自同名畅销小说，讲述了一个名叫奥吉的10岁男孩的故事，他出生时就有面部问题，在母亲的家庭教育下，他开始上五年级。根据前文的boy以及用人称代词的所有格来修饰名词可知，此处用his。故填his。 【47题详解】 考查副词。句意：不出所料，奥吉不寻常的外表被许多同龄人嘲笑。根据上下文得知，Auggie去学校势必会被嘲笑，因此需要“毫不意外”之意，而已有not，所以用unexpectedly进行双重否定，来表示肯定，此处作状语用副词形式。故填unexpectedly。 【48题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是父母、姐姐一直是他的坚强后盾，最终Auggie凭借勇气、善良和智慧激励了许多周围的人，赢得了友谊，尊重和爱。根据语境得知，Auggie鼓舞了他身边的人。around“在周围”符合句意。故填around。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是父母、姐姐一直是他的坚强后盾，最终Auggie凭借勇气、善良和智慧激励了许多周围的人，赢得了友谊，尊重和爱。and连接并列结构作earn的宾语，根据语境,此处指Auggie赢得了大家的友谊。故填friendship。 五、单词拼写（本大题共10小题，共15分） 50. In crowded streets, it is more c__________ to ride a bicycle than driving a car. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】convenient##onvenient 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在拥挤的街道上，骑自行车比开车更方便。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用形容词convenient（方便的），作表语。故填convenient。 51. Go outdoors and get involved in more team games since physical exercise is an ________ way to get rid of anger. （根据课文内容填空） 【答案】effective 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：去户外，参加更多的团队游戏，因为体育锻炼是消除愤怒的有效方法。形容词effective作定语，修饰名词way。故填effective。 52. When you apply for a position, your ______ (先前的) experience gives you an advantage in the hiring process. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】previous 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你申请一个职位时，你以前的经验会在招聘过程中给你带来优势。先前的为previous，作定语。故填previous。 53. With the Spring Festival a____________ (靠近), the students are beginning to talk about their plans.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】approaching##pproaching 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：随着春节的临近，学生们开始谈论他们的计划。根据首字母和汉语提示，“靠近”是approach；分析句子可知，前半句为with+名词+分词的结构，名词和approach之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填approaching。 54. In order to realize our potential, it is important for us to make the most of our school ____________ (资源) and our school ____________ (设施). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】 ①. resources ②. facilities 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了实现我们的潜力，对我们来说，充分利用我们学校的资源和设施是很重要的。根据汉语提示及“our school”可知，空处需填名词，resource作名词，表示“资源”，facility表示“设施”，学校的资源和设施不止一个，故用名词复数表示泛指。故填①resources②facilities。 55. More hot water, more rest and less anxiety will help you ________(恢复)soon. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】recover 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：多喝热水，多休息，少焦虑会帮助你很快恢复。短语help sb do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，省略了不定式符号to，根据中文提示句子结构可知，空处应为动词原形。故填recover。 56. He provided ______ (灵感) for the work of later artists including Picasso and Monet. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】inspiration 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他为包括毕加索和莫奈在内的后来的艺术家的作品提供了灵感。根据汉语提示“灵感”可知，空格处应用“inspiration”，意为“灵感”，为不可数名词，作动词“provided”的宾语。故填inspiration。 57. Maybe animals ________ (进化) as they ________ (适应) to their changing environments.（根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】 ①. evolved ②. adapted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：也许动物进化是为了适应不断变化的环境。空1，“进化”译为evolve，空2，“适应”译为adapt，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填①evolved②adapted。 58. I p_______ going out for a more active life on Sundays to staying at home all day. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】prefer##refer 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：星期天我宁愿出去过一种更活跃的生活，也不愿整天呆在家里。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词prefer。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为I，结合主谓一致。故填prefer。 59. Environment problems are discussed quite ________(频繁) in the news. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】frequently 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：环境问题经常在新闻中被讨论。空处修饰动词discussed，应用副词形式作状语，结合汉语提示，应用副词frequently。故填frequently。 六、选词填空（本大题共7小题，共14分） 根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。 have trouble with, refer to, live a happy life, out of gratitude, carry out, sweep away, run...to safety 60. ________, everyone wants to have good health and a long life. 61. ________, he told me that he would invite me to dinner in the evening. 62. He feels unhappy because he is ________his classmates at the moment. 63. I should give my own opinion and explain it by ________other authors. 64. They are going to have a meeting to determine who will ________the plan. 65. When fire broke out in the house, she ________as fast as she could ________. 66. We haven’t cleaned the house for a few days, because we don’t want to ________good luck. 【答案】60. Living a happy life 61. Out of gratitude 62. having trouble with 63. referring to 64. carry out 65. ①. ran ②. to safety 66. sweep away 【解析】 【60题详解】 考查短语和分词作状语。句意：过着幸福的生活，每个人都想拥有健康的身体和长寿的生活。分析句子可知，空处在句中为状语，结合逗号后内容，可知，空处表示“过着幸福的生活”，短语：live a happy life“过着幸福/快乐的生活”，句子主语everyone和动词live为主谓关系，所以live用现在分词形式，故填Living a happy life。 【61题详解】 考查短语。句意：出于感激，他告诉我他晚上会请我吃饭。根据句中“he told me that he would invite me to dinner in the evening”可推知，空处应是阐明请我吃饭的原因，短语：out of gratitude“出于感激”，符合题意，故填Out of gratitude。 【62题详解】 考查短语和时态。句意：他感到不高兴，因为他现在和同学之间有矛盾。结合句中“He feels unhappy ”可知，他不开心，所以空处应讲述他和同学此刻正闹别扭，短语：have trouble with“与……有问题/矛盾”，符合题意，结合句中“at the moment”，时态用现在进行时，根据句中提示，故填having trouble with。 【63题详解】 考查短语。句意：我应该给出我自己的意见，并通过参考其他作者来解释它。结合句意，空处用“参考”含义，短语：refer to“参考”，因空前by为介词，所以空处用动名词形式。故填referring to。 【64题详解】 考查短语。句意：他们将开会决定谁来执行这个计划。结合句中“They are going to have a meeting to determine”及“plan”可知，句意他们开会决定执行这个计划，短语：carry out“实施”符合题意，will后跟动词原形。故填carry out。 【65题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：当房子里发生火灾时，她以最快的速度跑到安全的地方。结合句中“When fire broke out in the house”可知，火灾发生时，她应是尽快跑到安全地方。短语：run... to safety“跑到安全地带”，结合句中“broke out”，时态为一般过去时，故填①ran；② to safety。 【66题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们已经好几天没有打扫房间了，因为我们不想扫走好运。结合句意可知，此处指打扫房间扫走好运，短语：sweep away“清扫”，空前to为不定式符号，所以此处用动词原形。故填sweep away。 七、书信写作（本大题共1小题，共25分） 67. 假定你是李华，你校将到黄山风景区举行“我爱黄山（Mr. Huangshan）”主题活动。请你给交换生James发一封邮件告知活动相关情况。内容包括： 1.时间和地点； 2活动安排； 3.注意事项。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear James, I’m Li Hua. Our school will have an activity to call on people to love Mt. Huangshan. I’m writing to invite you to take part in it. We are to meet at the school gate at 7 o'clock this Saturday morning and then go to Mt. Huangshan by bus. On arriving there, we’ll pick up the litter in Mt. Huangshan. A speech about the importance of protecting natural heritage will also be given. Since the activity will last to 3 o'clock in the afternoon, you’d better wear comfortable shoes. Besides, everyone is expected to bring their lunch and share it. Would you like to join us? Hope to see you then. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】本文为一篇应用文中的书信，主要是介绍主题活动的内容。写时要注意书信的格式。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达.写作时注意准确运用时态，时态以一般将来时为主。上下文意思要连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化。 亮点分析，文章第一段点明邮件的原因。第二段首先具体介绍了活动牟时间和地点，接着是活动安排。在活动安排时，用一个非谓语on arriving there作状语。 最后的注意事项是由since引导的状语从句完成的：Since the activity will last to 3 o'clock in the afternoon, you’d better wear comfortable shoes. 在文中交替使用主动语态和被动语态。句式时有变化，使用了一些复合句，单句和复各交互运用。使用一些较高级的词汇如call on people to do, invite sb to take part in , expect to do,would ike to join us 及hope to see 等。也使用一些连词如then. Besides,使文章通顺，有条理。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$