外刊阅读理解测试13-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

Scientists Study Brown Bear Frozen for 3,500 Years A team of Russian scientists recently examined something extremely unusual: the frozen body of a brown bear that lived thousands of years ago. The cold preserved the body almost perfectly in the frozen lands of eastern Siberia for almost 3,500 years. Maxim Cheprasov is the laboratory chief at the Lazarev Mammoth Museum Laboratory at the North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, eastern Siberia. "This find is absolutely unique: the complete body of an ancient brown bear," he said. In 2020, reindeer herders found the female bear on an island in the Arctic Ocean. Part of the animal was sticking out of the frozen ground, or permafrost, on Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island. The island is around 4,600 kilometers east of Moscow. Because it was found just east of the Bolshoy Etherican River, it has been named the Etherican brown bear. What did the bear eat? Low temperatures helped preserve the bear's soft tissue for 3,460 years. It also let the scientists know about its final meals - bird feathers and plants. The bear is 1.55 meters tall and weighs nearly 78 kilograms. "For the first time, a carcass with soft tissues has fallen into the hands of scientists, giving us the opportunity to study the internal organs and examine the brain," said Cheprasov. The scientific team in Siberia looked at the bear's brain, skin and internal organs so they could study its cells, genes, viruses and other organisms that lived inside it. Is the bear like other bears today? "Genetic analysis has shown that the bear does not differ in mitochondrial DNA from the modern bear from the north-east of Russia – Yakutia and Chukotka," Cheprasov said. He said the bear was about three to four years old when it died from an injury to its back. It is unclear how the bear came to be on the island, which is now divided from the mainland by a 50-kilometer-wide body of water. It may have crossed over ice, it might have swum over, or the island might still have been part of the mainland. The Lyakhovsky Islands contain some of the richest treasures in the world for the field of paleontology. The area attracts both scientists and ivory traders hunting for the remains of woolly mammoths, a kind of hairy elephant that disappeared long ago. Where was the frozen brown bear found? A. In western Siberia. B. In eastern Siberia. C. In the Arctic Ocean. D. In Moscow. What did the bear eat before it died? A. Meat. B. Fish. C. Bird feathers and plants. D. Insects. How old was the bear when it died? A. One to two years old. B. Three to four years old. C. Five to six years old. D. Seven to eight years old. What did the scientific team study about the bear? A. Only its external features. B. Only its bones. C. Its cells, genes, viruses and other organisms. D. Nothing. How might the bear have reached the island? A. By plane. B. By boat. C. It may have crossed over ice or swum over or the island might have been part of the mainland. D. It teleported there. How to deal with rejection Rejection hurts. It’s incredibly painful to feel like you’re not wanted— and we do mean painful. fMRI studies have found that rejection elicits brain activity in multiple neural regions that process physical pain. And the language we use to describe rejection mirrors this experience. Researchers recorded over a dozen languages that relate rejection to being hurt, using terms like “crushed” or “broken-hearted.” So why does rejection trigger such a strong response, and is there any way to cope with this unique kind of pain? Psychologists often describe rejection as what happens when we perceive that others don’t value having social connections with us. This could occur when we’re abandoned by a romantic partner, excluded from a group, or outright discriminated against. But it’s worth noting that these interpersonal rejections have a social element that distinguishes them from not getting a job. In these experiences, we perceive that the rejecting party undervalues our relationship. And while the pain of rejection often increases the more we value a relationship, even rejections by relative strangers can hurt our feelings. This might seem like an overreaction, but just as bodily pain warns us about perceived threats to our physical well-being, hurt feelings warn us about perceived threats to our social well-being. Some behavioral psychologists argue this warning system developed when our prehistoric ancestors lived in small clans and depended on everyone they knew for survival. These humans may have evolved to perceive rejection from anyone as a potential threat to their safety. It’s impossible to confirm this kind of evolutionary theory, but wherever this warning system came from, it doesn't include instructions for how to process this intense emotional experience. So, the next time you’re feeling rejected, try asking yourself these questions. The first thing to consider is your relationship with the person rejecting you. Is this someone who knows you well and whose opinion you hold dear? Or is it just a loose acquaintance? If it’s the latter, that might help you answer the second question: does this rejection really matter? It can sting when a stranger doesn't laugh at your joke, but it doesn’t make sense to react strongly to a rejection with little impact on your life. Of course, brushing off even a minor rejection is easier said than done, since how you perceive yourself also factors into this equation. You likely feel more confident in some circumstances than others, and people tend to be especially sensitive to rejection in situations where they have a low opinion of themselves. So much so, that they even become more likely to misinterpret other people’s neutral reactions as rejections. This is why it can be helpful to both reflect on your self-view and ask yourself if the other person is actually rejecting you. This might seem like an odd question. But you may find that while the other person didn’t treat you as you would have liked, they still value your relationship. In some cases, it's also helpful to consider whether you were expecting more acceptance than was reasonable. Unfortunately, after asking these questions, you might still conclude that a person close to you doesn’t value your relationship as much as you do. This is a painful realization, but it can help to remember two things. First, this rejection isn't just about you. The other party wants something different from your relationship, and what they want might be unreasonable, unfair, or simply not what you have to give. Second, their rejection isn’t proof that there’s something wrong with you. The pain you’re feeling is just part of a system nudging you to think about your interpersonal relationships. And by reflecting on your behavior, you can find clues to help better understand the rejection and think critically about the relationship you want to have with this person. Every relationship and rejection is unique. But whatever the specifics, it’s important to remember that you’re never alone in all of this. Everyone deals with rejection throughout their life— even those who seem confident in their belonging. And one of the most common ways to cope with this universal experience is to reconnect with those who already accept you. What have fMRI studies found about rejection? A. It elicits brain activity in only one neural region. B. It doesn't cause any pain. C. It elicits brain activity in multiple neural regions that process physical pain. D. It makes people happy. What distinguishes interpersonal rejections from not getting a job? A. Interpersonal rejections are less painful. B. Interpersonal rejections have a social element. C. Not getting a job is more painful. D. There is no difference. Why might humans have evolved to perceive rejection as a threat? A. Because rejection is always a threat. B. Because our prehistoric ancestors depended on everyone for survival. C. Because rejection is fun. D. Because we are overreacting. What can be helpful when you're feeling rejected? A. Blaming others. B. Ignoring the rejection. C. Reflecting on your self-view and asking if the other person is actually rejecting you. D. Getting angry. What can help you cope with a painful rejection? A. Isolating yourself. B. Remembering that rejection isn't just about you and reconnecting with those who accept you. C. Forgetting about it quickly. D. Complaining all the time. How Fast Should Beethoven’s ‘Ninth Symphony’ Be Performed? Ludwig van Beethoven has long been considered one of the greatest composers of classical music. Critics say that his final complete musical work, the Ninth Symphony, is possibly his best. The symphony was first performed on May 7, 1824, in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven already had lost his hearing when he was composing the Ninth. He never fully heard the performance himself. And nearly 200 years after the first performance, there is still disagreement over how fast the work should be performed. Benjamin Zander is the music director of the Boston Philharmonic, a classical music performance group he founded in 1979. The nearly 84-year-old conductor is leading the Boston Philharmonic in a performance on Friday night at Boston's Symphony Hall. Then, on Sunday afternoon, he will do the same at New York's Carnegie Hall. Zander believes that Beethoven's Ninth Symphony should sound far different than the way it is usually performed. He plans to finish the symphony in less than one hour during the performances in Boston and New York. "There's so much information from Beethoven and so little information about how to interpret it," Zander told the Associated Press. Zander said he sought advice from violinist and scholar Rudoph Kolisch. In the 1993 issue of The Musical Quarterly, Kolisch discussed how Beethoven marked his work using a metronome, a device that produces a steady beat to help musicians with the speed, or tempo, of musical work. Beethoven wrote in an 1817 letter that he wanted to drop musical terms like "allegro" for fast, "andante" for slow, or "presto" for extremely fast. He added, the "metronome gives us the best opportunity to do so." In 1992, Zander's recording with the Boston Philharmonic for the music company Pickwick International came in at 57 minutes, 51 seconds. His 2018 recording of the same music was 58 minutes, 39 seconds long. "For the recording, I really set out to be a devoted servant," Zander said. He said he had a little statue of Beethoven and looked at it from time to time to see if it was smiling. Some of the world's most famous conductors, however, took more time with Beethoven's Ninth in their performances. Arturo Toscanini took 65 minutes for RCA Victor with the NBC Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall in 1952; Wilhelm Furtwängler needed 74 minutes at the Bayreuth Festival in 1951; and Leonard Bernstein stretched the music for 78 minutes during his 1989 performance with members of six orchestras to mark the fall of the Berlin Wall. After Zander's performance at Carnegie Hall on October 10, 1983, Andrew Porter wrote in the New Yorker, "If Mr. Zander is right, we have been hearing the music of the greatest composer only in misrepresentation." Many conductors noted Beethoven's loss of hearing as a reason to ignore his metronome markings. James Conlon is the music director of the Los Angeles Opera and main conductor of Italy's Orchestra RAI. He said, "There are powerful arguments on both sides. I am not against performing Beethoven at the speeds suggested by the metronome." He added that if the resulting performance lacks expression, emotion, and dynamics, then it should not be followed. Andrew Price regularly plays oboe with several orchestras in Boston. He said, "The hardest thing is just to keep an open mind about it…All the stuff I learned as a 20-year-old student, I had to go back and relearn it all, just to have a completely different approach." Andrew Price When was Beethoven's Ninth Symphony first performed? A. In 1817. B. In 1824. C. In 1951. D. In 1979. What does Benjamin Zander believe about Beethoven's Ninth Symphony? A. It should be performed in the same way as others. B. It should sound far different than the way it is usually performed. C. It should be performed slowly. D. It should not be performed with a metronome. How long did Zander's 2018 recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony take? A. 57 minutes, 51 seconds. B. 65 minutes. C. 74 minutes. D. 58 minutes, 39 seconds. Why do many conductors ignore Beethoven's metronome markings? A. They don't like metronomes. B. Beethoven's loss of hearing. C. They think it's too fast. D. They don't know about metronomes. What did Andrew Price say about Beethoven's Ninth Symphony? A. He is against performing it at the speeds suggested by the metronome. B. He doesn't care about it. C. The hardest thing is to keep an open mind about it. D. He thinks it's easy to perform. US Agency: AI-created Images Cannot Receive Copyright Protection The U.S. Copyright Office said that book images created using the artificial intelligence (AI) program Midjourney should not have been given copyright protection, Reuters news agency reports. A copyright is a kind of legal protection that bars others from copying works made by the people who created them or own the copyright. Zarya of the Dawn writer Kristina Kashtanova will be able to get a copyright for the parts of the book she wrote and ordered. But she will not receive copyright protection for images she made using Midjourney, the office said in its letter. The decision is one of the first by a U.S. court or agency about copyright protection for works created with AI. The decision comes at a time when AI software like Midjourney, Dall-E and ChatGPT are being used to create written and other materials. The Copyright Office said in a letter that it would change its registration for Zarya of the Dawn to leave out images that are not the product of humans. The research laboratory Midjourney did not immediately answer a request for comment. The Copyright Office had no comment on the decision. Kashtanova called it "great news" that she kept the copyright for her story and arrangement of the images. She said the decision "covers a lot of uses for the people in the AI art community." She added that she and her lawyers were considering how best to press ahead with their argument. They believe that the images themselves were a "direct expression" of Kashtanova's "creativity and therefore copyrightable." Midjourney is an AI system that creates images based on written instructions. Kashtanova wrote the text of Zarya of the Dawn, and Midjourney created the book's images based on her instructions. The Copyright Office told Kashtanova in October it would reconsider the book's copyright. The agency said that was because her application did not describe using Midjourney to create the images. The office said that it would give copyright protection for the book's text and the way Kashtanova chose and arranged its elements. But it said she was not the "master mind" behind the images themselves. "The fact that Midjourney's specific output cannot be predicted by users makes Midjourney different for copyright purposes than other tools used by artists," the letter said. What did the U.S. Copyright Office say about book images created using Midjourney? A. They should receive full copyright protection. B. They should receive partial copyright protection. C. They should not receive copyright protection. D. They are the best images. What did Kristina Kashtanova call the decision? A. Bad news. B. Great news. C. Surprising news. D. Unfair news. What is Midjourney? A. An AI system that creates images based on written instructions. B. A book written by Kristina Kashtanova. C. A copyright office. D. A legal protection. Why did the Copyright Office reconsider the book's copyright? A. Because the images were too beautiful. B. Because Kashtanova's application did not describe using Midjourney to create the images. C. Because the book was very popular. D. Because the Copyright Office made a mistake. What did the Copyright Office say about the book's text? A. It should not receive copyright protection. B. It should receive partial copyright protection. C. It should receive full copyright protection. D. It is not important. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Scientists Study Brown Bear Frozen for 3,500 Years 答案： B。解析：文中提到 “The cold preserved the body almost perfectly in the frozen lands of eastern Siberia for almost 3,500 years.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “It also let the scientists know about its final meals - bird feathers and plants.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “He said the bear was about three to four years old when it died from an injury to its back.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “The scientific team in Siberia looked at the bear's brain, skin and internal organs so they could study its cells, genes, viruses and other organisms that lived inside it.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “It is unclear how the bear came to be on the island, which is now divided from the mainland by a 50-kilometer-wide body of water. It may have crossed over ice, it might have swum over, or the island might still have been part of the mainland.”。 How to deal with rejection 答案： C。解析：文中提到 “fMRI studies have found that rejection elicits brain activity in multiple neural regions that process physical pain.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “But it’s worth noting that these interpersonal rejections have a social element that distinguishes them from not getting a job.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “Some behavioral psychologists argue this warning system developed when our prehistoric ancestors lived in small clans and depended on everyone they knew for survival. These humans may have evolved to perceive rejection from anyone as a potential threat to their safety.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “This is why it can be helpful to both reflect on your self-view and ask yourself if the other person is actually rejecting you.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “This is a painful realization, but it can help to remember two things. First, this rejection isn't just about you... And one of the most common ways to cope with this universal experience is to reconnect with those who already accept you.”。 How Fast Should Beethoven’s ‘Ninth Symphony’ Be Performed? 答案： B。解析：文中提到 “The symphony was first performed on May 7, 1824, in Vienna, Austria.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “Zander believes that Beethoven's Ninth Symphony should sound far different than the way it is usually performed.”。 D。解析：文中提到 “In 1992, Zander's recording with the Boston Philharmonic for the music company Pickwick International came in at 57 minutes, 51 seconds. His 2018 recording of the same music was 58 minutes, 39 seconds long.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “Many conductors noted Beethoven's loss of hearing as a reason to ignore his metronome markings.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “Andrew Price regularly plays oboe with several orchestras in Boston. He said, 'The hardest thing is just to keep an open mind about it…'”。 US Agency: AI-created Images Cannot Receive Copyright Protection 答案： C。解析：文中提到 “The U.S. Copyright Office said that book images created using the artificial intelligence (AI) program Midjourney should not have been given copyright protection.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “Kashtanova called it 'great news' that she kept the copyright for her story and arrangement of the images.”。 A。解析：文中提到 “Midjourney is an AI system that creates images based on written instructions.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “The Copyright Office told Kashtanova in October it would reconsider the book's copyright. The agency said that was because her application did not describe using Midjourney to create the images.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “The office said that it would give copyright protection for the book's text and the way Kashtanova chose and arranged its elements.”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$