Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Welcome Unit Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures Learning Aims 1. To identify English sentence elements. 2. To master the basic sentence structures of English. 3. To analyze the structure of the sentences from the text. Key and Difficult Points 1. To learn the basic elements of a sentence. 2. To analyse the sentence structure. The little boy is crying. All the football players on the playground. The sun is rising. Go！ √ √ × √ Lead in 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。 Presentation 主要成分：主语和谓语 定义 次要成分：宾语、表语、定语、 状语、补足语 S 主语（subject） V 谓语（verb） O 宾语（object） P 表语（predictive） A 状语（adverbial） C 补语（object complement） IO 间接宾语（indirect object） DO 直接宾语（direct object） 表示句子说的是“什么人” 或 “什么事”。 通常由名词(短语)、代词、动名词(短语)或主语从句等充当。 Example 1. The boys get up. 2. We speak English in the class. 3. Eating vegetables is good for our health. 4. What we eat has not been decided. （名词） （代词） （动名词） （主语从句） subject 主语 找一找句子中的主语 Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Running is good for our health.  To study hard is your duty. She likes dancing.     What I want is some apples . 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，有完整的时态和语态，一般在主语之后。 verb 谓语 Example 1.The dinner smells good. 2.The students agreed. 3.They painted the door green. 4.Children like playing games. 连系动词 不及物动词 主谓要一致 通常由动词充当。 动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。 S+V We have finished reading this book. They can speak English well. 助动词和情态动词须和 实义动词一起构成谓语 He looked after two boys. 找出谓语 Her mother is a teacher. 主 系动词 表 The flower smells sweet. Seeing is believing. 位于系动词之后 表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 predictive 表语 找出表语 Everything looks nice. His face turned red. He is happy. Example 1.He gave me a book. 2.Show your ID card, please. 3. I like him. 4. I enjoy being your teacher. 间接宾语 直接宾语 （名词） （代词宾格） （动名词） object 宾语 宾语表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物动词之后。 用来修饰和形容名词的成分，相当于形容词（....的） 分为前置定语和后置定语。 Example attributive 定语 1. The friendly teacher helps me a lot. 2. He is a bad boy who is only 13 years old. 3.His name is Tom. （前置定语） （后置定语） 描述谓语动词状态的成分。 这种描述的状态可以是：时间、地点、原因、程度、让步、比较、伴随。 Example Adverbial 状语 1. I finished my homework two weeks ago. 2. He is playing computer games in his room. 3. She is absent because of her illness. 4. She walked into the classroom with a book in her hand. （时间） （地点） （原因） （伴随） 1. I found it difficult. 2. The food smells good. complement 补语 Example （宾补） （主补） 用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况 分为：主语补语，宾语补语 there be 句型 there be 句型表示 “某处有某物”。 其中 there 为引导词，无词义，be为谓语动词。 there be 后面的名词为句子的主语。 • There are many customers in the shop. 谓 主 状 翻译： Study the sentence structures. Practise 2 Read the sentences and analyse the structures. 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. 2. We must act. 3. The maths homework looks easy. 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. 3 Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. 分析下列句子的基本结构 1. The bread tastes delicious. 2. I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. 3. He bought me a birthday present. 4. I could not make him change his mind. 5. We finished our homework. 6. He got up very late. 7. The baby cried. 主系表 主+谓+宾+状 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 主+谓+宾 主+谓+状 主+谓 找出下列句子的主干 1. I can swim very well. 2. One day people will fly to the moon for vacations. 3. My life will be a lot better than it is now. 4. I found the book in the corner of the room. I can swim. People will fly. Life will be better. I found the book. 翻译句子 1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？Dictionary 3. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 4. 树叶已经变黄了。 Grandma told us an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary？ My father has bought me a new bike. The leaves have turned yellow. Summary be Use the given words to make five sentences and mark which structure you use. And finish the task 2 and 3 in the book. An example: We are reading a book. we child book read find interesting there a/an/the S V O HOMEWORK THANK YOU 及物动词(vt)：后面直接接宾语的动词 不及物动词(vi)：后面不能直接接宾语的动词 连系动词主要是be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 其它系动词： 3)持续系动词：keep, stay, remain 4) “像”系动词：seem 1)感官系动词：look, sound, feel, taste, smell 2)变化系动词：get, become, grow, turn, go 五感五变三保持一像 直接宾语和间接宾语 称为双宾语。 间接宾语往往指人,直接宾语指物。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。这类动词有buy, give, offer, show,lend等。 My mother gave a book to me. 主语 谓语 直接宾语 介词 间接宾语 我妈妈给我一本书。 宾补：补充说明宾语的状态。 $$