2024年中考语法复习之非谓语动词 讲义

中考语法复习之非谓语动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词，不受人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词 构成 特征和作用 不定式 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、补足语和状语。 动名词 具有名词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语 分词 现在分词 doing 具有副词和形容词的作用。可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。 过去分词 done 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式的用法 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语 ①It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说是...... ②It is adj. (of sb.) to do sth.做某事的某人是...... ③It takes/took/will take sb.时间 to do sth.花费某人多长时间去做某事 It is not easy (master) a language. It is stupid of him (make)such a decision. It took me 5 hours (get)there. 作宾语 ①动词+to do，常见动词有:hope,wish,expect,agree, promise; demand, ask, refuse; manage, learn, decide determine; pretend, choose/select; intend, offer, apply, fail, afford; prepare, desire, happen等 ②think, find, believe...+it+adj.+to do sth. ③动词+who/what/how 等疑问词+to do，如 show,know, tell, teach, learn, decide... I hope (make) friends with you. I find it difficult (pass) my math exam. She can't decide what (buy). 作宾语补足语 ①动词+sb.+(not)to do sth.常见动词有:ask,order, wish,require, teach; want, invite, expect, encourage,advise; tell, warn, allow, remind, help等 ②动词+ sb.+(not)do，要省略 to。常见动词 有:see/watch/observe/notice; let/make/have; hear/listen to; feel等(一感，二听，三让，四看) My teacher told me (not play) on the street. I saw him read in the library yesterday. 作定语 放在不定代词后面，如 something, everything,no one,nothing, anybody... Do you have something (eat)? 作状语 不定式作目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。to 表示目的、原因、结果 We came here (ask) you for help. 作表语 放在系动词后作表语 My dream is to (be) an engineer. 2. 不定式常用句型词组 句型 含义 例子 too +adj./adv.+to do sth. She is too weak (walk). (not) adj./adv.+enough+to do sth. (不) He isn't old enough (go) to school. be+adj.+to do sth. (某人)……做某事 She is afraid (go) out alone. It is+adj. (for sb.) +to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是……的 It is good for you (do) sports. It is+adj. (of sb.) +to do sth. 做某事，某人真…… It is nice of you (help) me. sb.find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth. 发现/认为/觉得做某事是…… 的 She found it easy_______ (arrive) here. It is time (for sb.) to do sth.…… (某人)是时候做某事 It's time (for us) (get) up. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人) It took us an hour (find) him. 3. 省略 to 的不定式句型短语 Why not/Why don't you do sth? ________________ ? Why not (have) a supper? Would/Could you please(not)do sth.? 你能……吗? Would you please open the window? would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事不愿做某事 He would rather die than (give) in. 二、动名词 1. 动名词的用法 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语谓语动词用单数，常用句型 It is no use(good)+v-ing... Seeing is believing. It is no use (argue) again. 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children. 作宾语 ①常见动词有:enjoy,spend,be busy, imagine, can't help, feel like, finish, practice; avoid, miss,suggest,keep(on),mind,be worth, consider ②介词+doing,常考介词:at,in,on,of, off, for, from, up, about, without 等 ③此 to 非彼 to，常见的有:look forward to, pay attention to, be used to Would you mind (open)the door? I won't give up (achieve) my dream. I'm looking forward to (see) you. 作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a (swim) pool in her home. 2. 动名词的特殊用法 既可以接动名词也可以接动词不定式的动词，但意义不同的词。 doing sth. to do sth. remember 记得做过某事(动作已发生) 记得去做某事(动作未发生) forget 忘了做过某事(动作已发生) (动作 发生) regret 后悔做某事(动作已发生) 遗憾去做某事(动作未发生) mean 意味着做某事 打算做某事 try 尝试做某事 尽力做某事 stop go on 继续做原来的事 接着做另一件事 can't help 忍不住做某事 三、分词 1.现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由 v+ing 构成，过去分词 v+ed(规则动词)构成。 2.分词的用法 句子成分 句子成分 例句 作定语 现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义， 过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。 The crying boy annoyed us a lot. 作表语 放在系动词后作表语 The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 作宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的动作和状态 He could hear his heart beating fast. 作状语 表示主语正在进行的另一动作，修饰主语的主要动作 I got home, feeling very tired. 练习巩固 I.用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ---How is your grandma? ---She's fine. She used to_________(watch)TV at home after supper. But now she is used to ________(go) out for a walk. 2. ---I'm new here. ---Don't worry. I'll do what I can_________(help)you. 3.---There are some boys_________(play) basketball over there. ---Let's go and join them. 4.I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered_________(take)me to watch an opera. 5.Our English teacher encourages us_________(write) more English diaries. It is really a good way _________(improve) your_________(write) English. 6.---Internet bars mustn’t let anybody_________(watch) bad things. -It is our duty_________(use) Internet properly 7. They preferred _________(lie) in bed rather than_________(ride) horses. 8.---Who do you think you'd like_________(let) go with you, a boy or a girl? ---The_________(smile)girl. 9.---It took Li Ming an hour _________(repair) his bike yesterday ---What a boy. He never gives up _________(do)anything. 10.We must plant more trees_________(stop) the sand from_________(move)toward the rich farmland. II.句子改错 1. I'd like flying kites in the park. ___________________________ 2. He enjoyed to watch TV in the evening ___________________________ 3. I couldn't help to laugh at the party. ___________________________ 4. His father is used to live in the countryside. ___________________________ 5. Danny remembered to post that letter that days. ___________________________ III.用所给动词的适当形式填空 A Have you ever visited Thailand on holiday? 1._________(travel) to Thailand is a great experience for me. Thailand is an 2._________(amaze)country in Asia. It is a great place 3._________(spend)your holidays. Last summer my friend and I spent half a month 4._________(visit)Thailand. It's really a beautiful place 5._________(travel)to. Thai people are always willing 6._________(help)tourists. They helped me a lot during my trip. I enjoyed 7._________(dive) in the sea during daytime. It was wonderful. B Last weekend, I went to the cinema with my sister Vivian. We saw a nice film about a 1._________(lose) child. The film 2._________(direct) by Andy Lao, a famous actor in Hong Kong. The film was very 3._________(touch). The audience, including us, were deeply 4._________(move) by it. There was an old lady 5._________(sit) behind me. I saw her 6._________(cry) when I turned around. She just couldn't hold her tears! IV.真题训练 1．（2023·天津河东·统考一模）Let’s find out what else we can do ________ as many animals as possible. A．save B．to save C．saves D．saved 2．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Shy students usually try to avoid ________ eye contact with strangers at parties. A．make B．to make C．making D．made 3．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Don’t forget ________ all the windows when you leave the classroom. A．close B．closed C．closing D．to close 4．（2023·全国·九年级假期作业）—I haven’t decided ________. —What about Dongjintuo Park? It’s really a good place to relax. A．when I will have a trip B．where will I spend my weekend C．where to spend my weekend D．how I should relax myself 5．（2023·湖北襄阳·统考一模）— What would you like to drink, tea or coffee? — Well, I used to drink coffee. But now I ________ tea. I think tea is healthier. A．used to B．am used to drink C．am used to drinking D．used to drinking 6．（2023秋·广东广州·九年级广州大学附属中学校考开学考试）John is busy ________ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day. A．working; to do B．to work; doing C．to work; to do D．working; doing 7．（2023·天津河北·统考一模）I started the computer ________ if some of my documents were missing. A．check B．checked C．to check D．checking 8．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）Look at the picture. What great fun the children are having ________ now! A．catching fish B．to catch fish C．feeding fish D．to feed fish 9．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）So far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, ________ a great variety of city styles. A．show B．showing C．to show D．have shown 10．（2023·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考一模）Recently, more and more old people have learned to use smart phones ________ daily things they need. A．buy B．buying C．buys D．to buy 11．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）We found ________ very interesting ________ English. A．it; learning B．it; to learn C．that; to learn D．this; learning 12．（2023·重庆江北·校考二模）Now, more and more people choose to walk or take the public transportation ________ green and better. A．to live B．living C．live D．lived 13．（2023·天津·九年级统考专题练习）The book is a gift from your mum for my birthday, so you must promise _______ good care of it. A．taking B．to take C．took D．take 14．（2023·全国·九年级假期作业）We had much difficulty ________ the problem. We really went through a hard time. A．to solve B．solving C．solve D．solved 15．（2023·天津东丽·统考一模）Mum always tells me ________ any food when I have dinner at home. A．not to waste B．not waste C．to waste D．to not waste 16．（2023·重庆九龙坡·统考一模）We are trying our best _________ the environment. A．protect B．to protect C．protected D．protecting 17．（2023·天津西青·统考二模）The doctor managed _______ more sick people, so he worked day and night. A．to save B．saving C．save D．saved 18．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）________ our eyesight, we should pay attention to the distance between our eyes and the book or screen. A．Protect B．To protect C．Protecting D．To protecting 19．（2023·江苏扬州·校联考二模）I know it’s silly, but I can’t help ________ like I failed you in some ways. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 20．（2023·江苏扬州·校联考二模）The way ________ the classroom clean and tidy proves to be very good. A．keeps B．keeping C．kept D．to keep 第 1 页 共 5 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 中考语法复习之非谓语动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词，不受人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词 构成 特征和作用 不定式 to do 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、补足语和状语。 动名词 doing 具有名词的作用，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语 分词 现在分词 doing 具有副词和形容词的作用。可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。 过去分词 done 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式的用法 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语 ①It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说是...... ②It is adj. (of sb.) to do sth.做某事的某人是...... ③It takes/took/will take sb.时间 to do sth.花费某人多长时间去做某事 It is not easy to master (master) a language. It is stupid of him to make (make)such a decision. It took me 5 hours to get (get)there. 作宾语 ①动词+to do，常见动词有:hope,wish,expect,agree, promise; demand, ask, refuse; manage, learn, decide determine; pretend, choose/select; intend, offer, apply, fail, afford; prepare, desire, happen等 ②think, find, believe...+it+adj.+to do sth. ③动词+who/what/how 等疑问词+to do，如 show,know, tell, teach, learn, decide... I hope to make (make) friends with you. I find it difficult to pass (pass) my math exam. She can't decide what to buy (buy). 作宾语补足语 ①动词+sb.+(not)to do sth.常见动词有:ask,order, wish,require, teach; want, invite, expect, encourage,advise; tell, warn, allow, remind, help等 ②动词+ sb.+(not)do，要省略 to。常见动词 有:see/watch/observe/notice; let/make/have; hear/listen to; feel等(一感，二听，三让，四看) My teacher told me not to play (not play) on the street. I saw him read in the library yesterday. 作定语 放在不定代词后面，如 something, everything,no one,nothing, anybody... Do you have something to eat (eat)? 作状语 不定式作目的状语，结果状语，原因状语。to 表示目的、原因、结果 We came here to ask (ask) you for help. 作表语 放在系动词后作表语 My dream is to to be (be) an engineer. 2. 不定式常用句型词组 句型 含义 例子 too +adj./adv.+to do sth. 太...而不能做某事 She is too weak to walk (walk). (not) adj./adv.+enough+to do sth. (不)足够...去做某事 He isn't old enough to go (go) to school. be+adj.+to do sth. (某人)……做某事 She is afraid to go (go) out alone. It is+adj. (for sb.) +to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是……的 It is good for you to do (do) sports. It is+adj. (of sb.) +to do sth. 做某事，某人真…… It is nice of you to help (help) me. sb.find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth. 发现/认为/觉得做某事是…… 的 She found it easy__to arrive_____ (arrive) here. It is time (for sb.) to do sth.…… (某人)是时候做某事 It's time (for us) to get (get) up. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人) 花费多长时间做某事 It took us an hour to find (find) him. 3. 省略 to 的不定式句型短语 Why not/Why don't you do sth? __为什么不做某事? Why not have (have) a supper? Would/Could you please(not)do sth.? 你能……吗? Would you please open the window? would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事不愿做某事 He would rather die than give (give) in. 二、动名词 1. 动名词的用法 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语谓语动词用单数，常用句型 It is no use(good)+v-ing... Seeing is believing. It is no use arguing (argue) again. 作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children. 作宾语 ①常见动词有:enjoy,spend,be busy, imagine, can't help, feel like, finish, practice; avoid, miss,suggest,keep(on),mind,be worth, consider ②介词+doing,常考介词:at,in,on,of, off, for, from, up, about, without 等 ③此 to 非彼 to，常见的有:look forward to, pay attention to, be used to Would you mind opening (open)the door? I won't give up achieving (achieve) my dream. I'm looking forward to seeing (see) you. 作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming (swim) pool in her home. 2. 动名词的特殊用法 既可以接动名词也可以接动词不定式的动词，但意义不同的词。 doing sth. to do sth. remember 记得做过某事(动作已发生) 记得去做某事(动作未发生) forget 忘了做过某事(动作已发生) 忘记去做某事 (动作 未 发生) regret 后悔做某事(动作已发生) 遗憾去做某事(动作未发生) mean 意味着做某事 打算做某事 try 尝试做某事 尽力做某事 stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一件事 go on 继续做原来的事 接着做另一件事 can't help 忍不住做某事 三、分词 1.现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由 v+ing 构成，过去分词 v+ed(规则动词)构成。 2.分词的用法 句子成分 句子成分 例句 作定语 现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义， 过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。 The crying boy annoyed us a lot. 作表语 放在系动词后作表语 The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 作宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的动作和状态 He could hear his heart beating fast. 作状语 表示主语正在进行的另一动作，修饰主语的主要动作 I got home, feeling very tired. 练习巩固 I.用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ---How is your grandma? ---She's fine. She used to___watch______(watch)TV at home after supper. But now she is used to ___going_____(go) out for a walk. 2. ---I'm new here. ---Don't worry. I'll do what I can____to help_____(help)you. 3.---There are some boys___playing______(play) basketball over there. ---Let's go and join them. 4.I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered___to take______(take)me to watch an opera. 5.Our English teacher encourages us____to write_____(write) more English diaries. It is really a good way __to improve_______(improve) your___writing______(write) English. 6.---Internet bars mustn’t let anybody___watch______(watch) bad things. -It is our duty___to use______(use) Internet properly 7. They preferred ___to lie______(lie) in bed rather than___ride______(ride) horses. 8.---Who do you think you'd like___to like______(let) go with you, a boy or a girl? ---The___smiling______(smile)girl. 9.---It took Li Ming an hour __to repair_______(repair) his bike yesterday ---What a boy. He never gives up ____doing_____(do)anything. 10.We must plant more trees__to stop_______(stop) the sand from____moving_____(move)toward the rich farmland. II.句子改错 1. I'd like flying kites in the park. ___to fly_______________________ 2. He enjoyed to watch TV in the evening ____watching_______________________ 3. I couldn't help to laugh at the party. ____laughing_______________________ 4. His father is used to live in the countryside. ____living_______________________ 5. Danny remembered to post that letter that days. ___posting________________________ III.用所给动词的适当形式填空 A Have you ever visited Thailand on holiday? 1.__Travelling_______(travel) to Thailand is a great experience for me. Thailand is an 2.___amazing______(amaze)country in Asia. It is a great place 3.___to spend______(spend)your holidays. Last summer my friend and I spent half a month 4.___visiting______(visit)Thailand. It's really a beautiful place 5.___to travel______(travel)to. Thai people are always willing 6.__to help_______(help)tourists. They helped me a lot during my trip. I enjoyed 7.___diving______(dive) in the sea during daytime. It was wonderful. B Last weekend, I went to the cinema with my sister Vivian. We saw a nice film about a 1.__losing_______(lose) child. The film 2.__was directed_______(direct) by Andy Lao, a famous actor in Hong Kong. The film was very 3.___touching______(touch). The audience, including us, were deeply 4._____moved____(move) by it. There was an old lady 5.____sitting_____(sit) behind me. I saw her 6.___crying______(cry) when I turned around. She just couldn't hold her tears! IV.真题训练 1．（2023·天津河东·统考一模）Let’s find out what else we can do __B______ as many animals as possible. A．save B．to save C．saves D．saved 2．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Shy students usually try to avoid ___C_____ eye contact with strangers at parties. A．make B．to make C．making D．made 3．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Don’t forget ___D_____ all the windows when you leave the classroom. A．close B．closed C．closing D．to close 4．（2023·全国·九年级假期作业）—I haven’t decided ___C_____. —What about Dongjintuo Park? It’s really a good place to relax. A．when I will have a trip B．where will I spend my weekend C．where to spend my weekend D．how I should relax myself 5．（2023·湖北襄阳·统考一模）— What would you like to drink, tea or coffee? — Well, I used to drink coffee. But now I __C______ tea. I think tea is healthier. A．used to B．am used to drink C．am used to drinking D．used to drinking 6．（2023秋·广东广州·九年级广州大学附属中学校考开学考试）John is busy __A______ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day. A．working; to do B．to work; doing C．to work; to do D．working; doing 7．（2023·天津河北·统考一模）I started the computer ___C_____ if some of my documents were missing. A．check B．checked C．to check D．checking 8．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）Look at the picture. What great fun the children are having ___A_____ now! A．catching fish B．to catch fish C．feeding fish D．to feed fish 9．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）So far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, ____B____ a great variety of city styles. A．show B．showing C．to show D．have shown 10．（2023·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考一模）Recently, more and more old people have learned to use smart phones ___D_____ daily things they need. A．buy B．buying C．buys D．to buy 11．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）We found ____B____ very interesting ________ English. A．it; learning B．it; to learn C．that; to learn D．this; learning 12．（2023·重庆江北·校考二模）Now, more and more people choose to walk or take the public transportation __A______ green and better. A．to live B．living C．live D．lived 13．（2023·天津·九年级统考专题练习）The book is a gift from your mum for my birthday, so you must promise __B_____ good care of it. A．taking B．to take C．took D．take 14．（2023·全国·九年级假期作业）We had much difficulty ___B_____ the problem. We really went through a hard time. A．to solve B．solving C．solve D．solved 15．（2023·天津东丽·统考一模）Mum always tells me ____A____ any food when I have dinner at home. A．not to waste B．not waste C．to waste D．to not waste 16．（2023·重庆九龙坡·统考一模）We are trying our best ___B______ the environment. A．protect B．to protect C．protected D．protecting 17．（2023·天津西青·统考二模）The doctor managed __A_____ more sick people, so he worked day and night. A．to save B．saving C．save D．saved 18．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）__B______ our eyesight, we should pay attention to the distance between our eyes and the book or screen. A．Protect B．To protect C．Protecting D．To protecting 19．（2023·江苏扬州·校联考二模）I know it’s silly, but I can’t help __C______ like I failed you in some ways. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 20．（2023·江苏扬州·校联考二模）The way ___D_____ the classroom clean and tidy proves to be very good. A．keeps B．keeping C．kept D．to keep 第 1 页 共 5 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$