专题03 完形填空题（精选名校试卷10篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题03 完形填空题精选10篇 （原题版） 01 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 You’ve been painting for a few years, have shown work in a group show at the local art center, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to 1 the title of an amateur artist? Distinguishing beginners from professional artists is a 2 business. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings, nor does having another job 3 disqualify someone from being considered a professional artist. Two key factors come into play when making that 4 . To turn professional, individuals must prioritize the development of developing a personal style. What makes your paintings different than every other painting out there? Do your paintings exhibit a unified theme throughout, or do they lack 5 ? Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. 6 , it refers to the look and feel of your paintings. A personal style doesn’t come 7 but evolves with technique, choice of painting medium, and the subjects you depict. You 8 it through continuous practice and exploration. Salvador Dali explored many artistic mediums, but they all have a 9 Dali style. Every artist has a style and when you begin to develop it, this is when you really know that you’ re on the road to being a professional. Another significant factor behind becoming a professional artist is your 10 . What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? 11 , both professionals and amateurs love to do what they do and they get satisfaction out of creating art. However, Amateurs may 12 painting just as a hobby or to satisfy a creative impulse. For professional artists, it goes beyond that. Some wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society, or even politics. Others simply seek financial returns to pay family bills. What’s more, many amateur artists wait for 13 to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother looking at the canvas(画布). They may even stop painting if another activity pops up in their day. Professionals are never easily 14 or torn away from their artwork in progress. It may even take a natural disaster to force them out of the studio. Professional artists are also constantly prepared to look for ideas for the next painting, driven by the belief that the next painting will 15 the last one and that there is always room for improvement. Are you ready to become a professional? Whether you pursue a professional art career or not, keep creating. You will find a personal satisfaction in painting that few other hobbies can give you. 1．A．step beyond B．contribute to C．talk of D．turn into 2．A．rewarding B．tricky C．private D．profitable 3．A．incredibly B．miserably C．crucially D．necessarily 4．A．promise B．deal C．transformation D．recommendation 5．A．consistency B．depth C．originality D．skills 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Furthermore D．Instead 7．A．unexpectedly B．harmoniously C．instantly D．originally 8．A．acquire B．transfer C．imitate D．spot 9．A．latest B．distinct C．modern D．lively 10．A．creativity B．adaptability C．drive D．vision 11．A．In conclusion B．In contrast C．In addition D．In general 12．A．specialize in B．excel in C．major in D．engage in 13．A．inspiration B．fame C．guidance D．sponsorship 14．A．tricked B．depressed C．distracted D．anxious 15．A．guarantee B．highlight C．commercialize D．outshine 02 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 Can Oxford and Cambridge Save Harvard From ChatGPT? Artificial intelligence (AI) is capable not just of disrupting higher education but of blowing it apart. What can be done to 16 a future in which AI causes cheating and robs education of any real content? This question is stirring an anxious debate in the university world. With the return to campus approaching, the Washington Post warns of an autumn of “chaos” and “turmoil.” This debate should also be coupled with another equally 17 one: What does the ease with which machines can perform many of the functions of 18 education as well as humans tell us about the deficiencies of the current educational model? One solution to the problem is to ban students from using AI completely. Sciences Po in Paris and RV University in Bangalore are taking this 19 approach. But is trying to ban a technology that is rapidly becoming universal realistic. And is it a good preparation for life after university to 20 students from using a tool that they will later rely on in work? So, what can be done to prevent educational disaster? The best answer lies not in fine-tuning machines—the solution to the problems of technology seldom lies in more technology but in adopting a 21 method that goes back to Plato and Socrates and has been perfected in Oxford and Cambridge over the past 150 years: the tutorial method. Call it the Oxbridge solution. In Oxbridge students meet once a week individually or in a group of two (or on rare occasions three) with their 22 . The tutor sets them an essay question and provides them with a reading list. The students do the necessary reading on their own, write their essays, and then either submit them to their tutors or else read them aloud. The tutors then 23 the essays for weaknesses. What did you mean when you said that? What about X, or Y, or Z? Why didn’t you take Professor Snodgrass’s views into consideration? Or alternatively, if the student relied too 24 on Snodgrass, why didn’t you recognize that Snodgrass is talking nonsense? The tutorial partner is also obliged to join in with the discussion in the same spirit of testing hypotheses looking for alternative explanations or generally playing with ideas. The 25 of the tutorial is both gladiatorial (争论的) and egalitarian (平等的). Knowledge is supposed to be challenged. 26 is of the essence. Authorities are there to be dethroned. This tutorial system teaches people how to present arguments and illustrate big points with vivid facts; how to absorb mountains of information in short order; and how to make fine judgments about the 27 of various explanations. It also teaches people the ability to learn and think 28 —to act, as it were, as your own teacher. The obvious objection to introducing tutorials into US education is that they are expensive—tutors must devote 12 or more hours a week to teaching and class-student ratios are 29 to 2-to-1. But Ivy League universities make Oxford and Cambridge look like beggars. They can also afford to lavish money on athletic facilities and vast administrative leaders, both of which have nothing to do with education. The supposed 30 from AI should be treated as an opportunity to readjust US higher education from producing research to training in thinking. 16．A．avoid B．enhance C．create D．destroy 17．A．soothing B．pressing C．appealing D．promising 18．A．moral B．higher C．primary D．private 19．A．popular B．invaluable C．tight D．positive 20．A．free B．distract C．separate D．discourage 21．A．teaching B．communicating C．learning D．evaluating 22．A．classmates B．colleagues C．tutors D．superiors 23．A．underline B．assign C．submit D．probe 24．A．heavily B．slightly C．virtually D．moderately 25．A．sequence B．process C．surface D．spirit 26．A．Practice B．Comprehension C．Debate D．Reflection 27．A．source B．diversity C．conflict D．credibility 28．A．cooperatively B．creatively C．independently D．critically 29．A．canceled B．reduced C．increased D．improved 30．A．benefit B．threat C．shift D．motive 03 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 31 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy (浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 32 the information to warning centers around the world. By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 33 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 34 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 35 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 36 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.” There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a (n) 37 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 38 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault (地壳断层) can’t wait for 39 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers (地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 40 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude (震级) and 41 of the quake. In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 42 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 43 . But the human 44 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 45 31．A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists 32．A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes 33．A．some B．a few C．none D．others 34．A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled 35．A．although B．until C．as D．where 36．A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing 37．A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume 38．A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force 39．A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation 40．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket 41．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length 42．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate 43．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider 44．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response 45．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility 04 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 When talking about well-known products from the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, the conversation often turns to mutton, fruits or nuts. What is less well known is that the fish raised in this vast region’s meltwaters are building up   46 around the world. In recent days, this 47 produce for an inland region has been making waves in the national seafood industry. Buyers around the world have been attracted there after the Fukushima water discharge 48 consumers to avoid fish coming from the Pacific Ocean. Amid rising 49 in the global market about seafood safety, Xinjiang’s fishery industry has seized a unique opportunity. Buyers are looking for 50 after Japan started releasing treated wastewater into the Pacific Ocean last month. The first lots of this year’s crabs were fished from the waters in Altay, Xinjiang, earlier this week, receiving significant attention as their availability 51 that of crabs from Jiangsu—a more renowned crab-producing province in East China. This fact is shaking the latter’s long-standing status. The development of Xinjiang’s aquafarming industry has been a striking example of notable leaps in China’s ecological management strategies. Annual reports say that Bosten Lake in Xinjing alone will have a substantial harvest 52 to exceed 4,000 tonnes of crabs by the end of this year. This impressive figure suggests that the province’s aquafarming industry is 53 . The region is also experiencing a boom in other aquatic products 54 crab farming. South American white shrimp and salmon from Xinjiang are making 55 journeys from their native waters to dinner tables across China in less than a day. The success of Xinjiang’s seafood industry has filled significant gap in the Chinese market, particularly after the government’s decision to 56 imports of Japanese seafood. The discharge of nuclear-contaminated water by Japan has fueled a 57 in seafood consumption, further increasing the demand for seafood from Xinjiang. Expert analysts in the aquatic industry predict that Xinjiang’s fishery products will attract more investment, potentially scaling up production capabilities to meet consumer demands. Critical to Xinjiang’s aquaculture success story are the ecological reforms that have laid a solid foundation for it. The Chinese government’s mighty focus on the management and restoration of water bodies has 58 the development of an industry with potential. The transformation of Xinjiang into a prosperous seafood production hub is not a (n) 59 incident but a product of joint nationwide ecological reforms. The seafood not only provides 60 dinner choices for the locals in Xinjiang but also attracts growing interest nationwide and abroad. In Xinjiang, aquaculture has grown to be an industry and boosting local residents’ income. 46．A．reputation B．enthusiasm C．knowledge D．resistance 47．A．unusual B．wild C．conventional D．profitable 48．A．begged B．urged C．enabled D．ordered 49．A．agreement B．concern C．curiosity D．objection 50．A．customers B．marketers C．alternatives D．rivals 51．A．resembles B．overrates C．offsets D．outpaces 52．A．guaranteed B．doomed C．allowed D．projected 53．A．on the rise B．beyond description C．under control D．without consideration 54．A．apart from B．as a result of C．in terms of D．in spite of 55．A．return B．regular C．brief D．countryside 56．A．keep up B．call up C．call off D．put off 57．A．risk B．debate C．shift D．growth 58．A．marked B．restricted C．fed D．traced 59．A．crucial B．domestic C．controversial D．isolated 60．A．appropriate B．natural C．diverse D．obvious 05 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that olive oil you see came from olives, and that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals. Increasingly, however, there is a chance you might be 61 . In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities—to alter products and 62 customers and food companies alike for financial gain (though occasionally the companies are complicit (同伙). Among the more recent 63 : “natural?” honey that’s been laced with antibiotics (抗生素) and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy. How can this 64 ? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or harmful foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries. But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t equipped to 65 them effectively. For the most part, they 66 safety standards—ensuring that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses—and rely on companies to police the quality of their own ingredients, lest they face consumer opposition. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are 67 , creating more opportunities for bad actors to mess around. “Anyone who can 68 substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try,” says Marion Nestle, who teaches nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University. Governments are starting 69 . In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. The Institute for Global Food Security lab in Belfast tests 70 sent in by people worried about fraud—a process that’s easier than ever, thanks to advances in technology. And there are efforts in the U.K., the U.S. and China, among other nations, to increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods. But in order to 71 fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to get better at safeguarding its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)—a trade group consisting of officials from more than 300 food manufacturers—will this year start 72 its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify fraud. Meanwhile, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative (FFI), a group that studies fraudsters— 73 , how they avoid safeguards—and then advises food companies on how to keep them away. “There are plenty of 74 out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a harder 75 .” 61．A．lucky B．wrong C．curious D．illegal 62．A．mislead B．astonish C．misunderstand D．assemble 63．A．booms B．examples C．recoveries D．trends 64．A．cease B．last C．happen D．progress 65．A．reveal B．follow C．enforce D．forget 66．A．agree with B．respond to C．substitute for D．focus on 67．A．longer B．riskier C．more stable D．more selective 68．A．hold on to B．look down on C．get away with D．make up for 69．A．take off B．keep up C．set aside D．fight back 70．A．attempts B．reports C．nutrients D．products 71．A．prevent B．cover C．suspect D．charge 72．A．affecting B．inspecting C．combining D．supporting 73．A．symbolically B．specifically C．respectively D．resourcefully 74．A．institutions B．consumers C．criminals D．sponsors 75．A．target B．issue C．choice D．technique 06 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市曹杨二中2023-2024学年高二上学期期中试卷英语试题 Please stop ruining children’s summer camp Teslie Conrad is the director of Clemson Outdoor Lab in South Carolina, which runs several different youth summer camps. Clemson 76 cell phones and other electronic devices in summer camps. And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States 77 access to cell phones. This makes sense. We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new 78 over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games. Researchers say that campers develop invaluable social skills, while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness — all 79 . “It’s kind of like letting go of everything and coming to a different world,” says Alexa Sherman, an 11-year-old camper. Many of the campers there say they 80 YouTube and Snapchat, but they quickly come to appreciate the hands-on activities and in-person friendships. The people who have the 81 time letting go, camp directors say, aren’t necessarily the campers themselves, but instead their parents. Barry Garst studies youth development at Clemson University. He said that whether you call them “helicopter”, “snowmobile” or “lawnmower” parents, over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect and is 82 the types of positive interpersonal experiences these camps are meant to provide for youth. Not weather, not water safety, not dangerous bears. It’s parents who call every day demanding 83 on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee. Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to 84 the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 85 a day? “Up to 100.” Some camps address parents’ 86 for updates by posting pictures and videos online. But sometimes this can have the 87 effect. In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your 88 and I don’t see them. Are they OK? Were they sent to the hospital?” Research on over-parenting, says Garst, shows that when parents behave this way, the development of a child’s sense of 89 can be slowed or can become altogether halted. The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude. “Children are not really learning how to 90 for themselves.” 76．A．bans B．produces C．searches D．provides 77．A．want B．limit C．enable D．improve 78．A．friends B．decisions C．investments D．mistakes 79．A．on purpose B．in agreement C．by themselves D．with excitement 80．A．use B．uninstall C．forget D．miss 81．A．first B．hardest C．shortest D．greatest 82．A．finding B．attending C．ruining D．setting up 83．A．comments B．reports C．studies D．focus 84．A．respond to B．chat with C．seek out D．argue against 85．A．problems B．parents C．messages D．lessons 86．A．plan B．wait C．pause D．thirst 87．A．magical B．opposite C．protective D．similar 88．A．website B．campsite C．phone D．list 89．A．self-awareness B．knowledge C．independence D．intelligence 90．A．make friends B．ask questions C．make plans D．solve problems 07 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 Probably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn’t always read like “normal” English. It’s a natural and reasonable 91 . Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of 92 . The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power 93 the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At the same time, there was no real standardization in English. Formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks 94 did not exist, and proper education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect- or perhaps because of it- English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare 95 . So how can a reader today 96 that gap between then and now? There are two critical areas to 97 : word usage and grammar. Once you understand these fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more 98 . First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. While many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage. 99 , when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle)? Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good 100 with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used within a different meaning in Shakespeare’s works. Grammar is where the 101 of Shakespeare English is often most apparent. Parts of speech are frequently 102 , such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always 103 . Even sentence construction can be 104 , with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. 105 we would say, “John caught the ball,” Shakespeare would say “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.” 91．A．accusation B．appreciation C．direction D．oppression 92．A．alterations B．improvements C．incidents D．specifics 93．A．contacted B．exposed C．led D．linked 94．A．arguably B．essentially C．roughly D．simply 95．A．gave way B．kept track C．took advantage D．took pride 96．A．avoid B．bridge C．embrace D．widen 97．A．address B．deal C．learn D．undertake 98．A．accessible B．easy C．qualified D．unchanged 99．A．Above all B．By contrast C．For example D．In other words 100．A．download B．edition C．medium D．recollection 101．A．achievement B．confusion C．flexibility D．mixture 102．A．commanded B．excluded C．substituted D．switched 103．A．agree B．connect C．guarantee D．neglect 104．A．independent B．pitiful C．tricky D．unique 105．A．Before B．Providing C．Since D．While 08 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市复旦中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favorite 106 friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. In findings published in AERA Open—an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association—last month, scientists showed that the general 107 of students improves quickly, with even those who are highly stressed showing “significant” reduction in cortisol levels—a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress. Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs where students can 108 cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now. The research, conducted by Washington State University (WSU), shows that pets improve students’ moods, and their 109 has stress-relieving physiological benefits. “Just 10 minutes can have a significant 110 ,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU’s Department of Human Development. This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a 111 intervention (介入). The team chose 249 college students and put them into four random groups and compared the effects of different 112 to animals. The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while 113 others petting the animals. The third group watched a slideshow of the same animals, while the fourth group had to 114 and was told they would be allowed to see the animals after 10 minutes. Salivary (唾液的) cortisol 115 were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning. There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had 116 interaction with the pets. Many universities have started these 117 where students can interact with cats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education. “We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more 118 emotions,” Dr Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less 119 way. And it did, which is 120 because the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.” 106．A．new B．furry C．close D．personal 107．A．endurance B．awareness C．education D．wellbeing 108．A．glance at B．focus on C．interact with D．escape from 109．A．presence B．performance C．intelligence D．perseverance 110．A．potential B．problem C．chance D．impact 111．A．real-life B．part-time C．first-rate D．high-quality 112．A．responses B．exposures C．contributions D．approaches 113．A．keeping B．preventing C．observing D．catching 114．A．swear B．wait C．supervise D．appreciate 115．A．samples B．levels C．injections D．tips 116．A．little B．harmonious C．informal D．direct 117．A．campaigns B．programs C．researches D．majors 118．A．complex B．intense C．familiar D．positive 119．A．subjective B．risky C．mysterious D．effective 120．A．demanding B．challenging C．exciting D．disappointing 09 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市奉贤区四校联考2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（含听力） Self-confidence: one’s belief that they can meet all the demands of a task. Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of 121 , right? Wrong! Self-confidence is not something people are born with, like their height or hair color. It’s a skill that anyone can start 122 today. One simple self-confidence builder is 123 self-talk. What you say to yourself 124 how you feel about yourself. Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you. Instead, if you get a bad grade on a test, try saying “I’ll do better next time.” Rather than focusing on your failure,   125 ways that you can improve, and try again. Another way to 126 your confidence is to believe in yourself. Studies show that believing you can do something can increase your chance of success. If you put in the work to learn how to do something, believe in your ability. Don’t let 127 steal your energy and motivation away. One of the ugliest enemies of self-confidence is 128 yourself to others. Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence. 129 , it will make you proud. And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you 130 ; it will fill you with envy. Fight back by counting your blessings. Keep a journal and write down all the things that you’re 131 for. Facing your fears is another way to build self-confidence. You might have a(n) 132 for public speaking. But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it? Even if you fail, leaving your 133 zone can make you stronger. Don’t let fear become an obstacle in your journey toward excellence! Finally, showing kindness to others is a great way to build self-confidence. Showing kindness 134 you that you can make a difference in the world. When you make others feel good, you, 135 , feel good about yourself. 121．A．luck B．order C．curiosity D．habit 122．A．updating B．displaying C．applying D．practicing 123．A．addictive B．positive C．independent D．energetic 124．A．links B．influences C．limits D．stretches 125．A．involve B．ignore C．identify D．indicate 126．A．shake B．share C．impact D．inspire 127．A．concentration B．doubt C．enthusiasm D．embarrassment 128．A．communicating B．comparing C．proving D．exposing 129．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 130．A．flexible B．intelligent C．negative D．humble 131．A．grateful B．respectful C．responsible D．regretful 132．A．anxiety B．talent C．mood D．occasion 133．A．danger B．occupation C．safety D．comfort 134．A．informs B．reminds C．promises D．confirms 135．A．in all B．in person C．in turn D．in addition 10 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市行知中学2022-2023学年高二期中英语试卷 One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how 136 some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably 137 is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident 138 on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than 139 . Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to 140 more. One by one Spector offers answers to recent food 141 . Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on 142 grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s 143 useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven 144 but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now 145 . Spector also offers more than a set of currently 146 tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most 147 point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are 148 : yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why. Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different 149 for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to 150 the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year. 136．A．well-known B．aim-oriented C．ill-founded D．long-lived 137．A．certain about B．ignorant of C．capable of D．worried about 138．A．decisions B．courses C．focuses D．suggestions 139．A．facts B．chances C．reasons D．features 140．A．investigate B．demand C．concentrate D．spend 141．A．supplies B．shortages C．standards D．myths 142．A．culture B．history C．economy D．health 143．A．equally B．practically C．socially D．impossibly 144．A．effectiveness B．consciousness C．competitiveness D．emptiness 145．A．serves B．shares C．recognizes D．dismisses 146．A．pointless B．topical C．defensible D．additional 147．A．emotional B．significant C．questionable D．forgivable 148．A．individual B．unpredictable C．important D．available 149．A．changes B．outcomes C．profits D．addicts 150．A．start B．analyze C．stop D．reflect 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题03 完形填空题精选10篇 （解析版） 01 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 You’ve been painting for a few years, have shown work in a group show at the local art center, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to 1 the title of an amateur artist? Distinguishing beginners from professional artists is a 2 business. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings, nor does having another job 3 disqualify someone from being considered a professional artist. Two key factors come into play when making that 4 . To turn professional, individuals must prioritize the development of developing a personal style. What makes your paintings different than every other painting out there? Do your paintings exhibit a unified theme throughout, or do they lack 5 ? Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. 6 , it refers to the look and feel of your paintings. A personal style doesn’t come 7 but evolves with technique, choice of painting medium, and the subjects you depict. You 8 it through continuous practice and exploration. Salvador Dali explored many artistic mediums, but they all have a 9 Dali style. Every artist has a style and when you begin to develop it, this is when you really know that you’ re on the road to being a professional. Another significant factor behind becoming a professional artist is your 10 . What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? 11 , both professionals and amateurs love to do what they do and they get satisfaction out of creating art. However, Amateurs may 12 painting just as a hobby or to satisfy a creative impulse. For professional artists, it goes beyond that. Some wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society, or even politics. Others simply seek financial returns to pay family bills. What’s more, many amateur artists wait for 13 to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother looking at the canvas(画布). They may even stop painting if another activity pops up in their day. Professionals are never easily 14 or torn away from their artwork in progress. It may even take a natural disaster to force them out of the studio. Professional artists are also constantly prepared to look for ideas for the next painting, driven by the belief that the next painting will 15 the last one and that there is always room for improvement. Are you ready to become a professional? Whether you pursue a professional art career or not, keep creating. You will find a personal satisfaction in painting that few other hobbies can give you. 1．A．step beyond B．contribute to C．talk of D．turn into 2．A．rewarding B．tricky C．private D．profitable 3．A．incredibly B．miserably C．crucially D．necessarily 4．A．promise B．deal C．transformation D．recommendation 5．A．consistency B．depth C．originality D．skills 6．A．Therefore B．However C．Furthermore D．Instead 7．A．unexpectedly B．harmoniously C．instantly D．originally 8．A．acquire B．transfer C．imitate D．spot 9．A．latest B．distinct C．modern D．lively 10．A．creativity B．adaptability C．drive D．vision 11．A．In conclusion B．In contrast C．In addition D．In general 12．A．specialize in B．excel in C．major in D．engage in 13．A．inspiration B．fame C．guidance D．sponsorship 14．A．tricked B．depressed C．distracted D．anxious 15．A．guarantee B．highlight C．commercialize D．outshine 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了区分初学者和专业艺术家是一件复杂的事情，有两个重要因素在发挥作用，一个是个人风格，另一个重要因素是动力。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你准备好超越业余艺术家的头衔了吗？A. step beyond超越；B. contribute to有助于；C. talk of谈论；D. turn into变成。根据上文“You’ve been painting for a few years, have shown work in a group show at the local art center, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two.(你已经画了几年了，在当地艺术中心的群展上展出过作品，也许你甚至卖过一两幅画)”可知，此处指超越业余艺术家的头衔，故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：区分初学者和专业艺术家是一件复杂的事情。A. rewarding值得的；B. tricky复杂的；C. private私人的；D. profitable盈利的。结合后文论述了区分初学者和专业艺术家的两个要素，可知是复杂的事情，故选B。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这不仅仅是你创作好画的能力的问题，也不是有另一份工作就一定会使一个人失去被认为是专业艺术家的资格。A. incredibly非常地；B. miserably悲惨地；C. crucially关键地；D. necessarily必然。根据后文“disqualify someone from being considered a professional artist”可知，区分两者并不是有另一份工作就一定会使一个人失去被认为是专业艺术家的资格。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在进行这种转变时，有两个关键因素在起作用。A. promise承诺；B. deal交易；C. transformation变化；D. recommendation推荐。根据上文提出了准备好超越业余艺术家和下文“To turn professional”，说明要进行某种转变，transformation符合语境。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的画是始终呈现一个统一的主题，还是缺乏一致性？A. consistency一致性；B. depth深度；C. originality独创性；D. skills技能。根据上文“Do your paintings exhibit a unified theme throughout, or do they lack”可知，or表示选择关系，与同一主题相对应的是缺乏一致性。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它指的是你的绘画的外观和感觉。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Furthermore此外；D. Instead相反。根据上文“Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium.(风格并不意味着你在画相同的主题或使用相同的绘画媒介)”可知，风格并不意味着你在画相同的主题或使用相同的绘画媒介，相反，它指的是你的绘画的外观和感觉。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：个人风格不会立即形成，而是随着技巧、绘画媒介的选择和你描绘的主题而发展。A. unexpectedly意外地；B. harmoniously和谐地；C. instantly立即；D. originally起初。根据后文“evolves with technique, choice of painting medium, and the subjects you depict”可知，个人风格要进行发展，不是立即形成的。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你通过不断的实践和探索来获得它。A. acquire获得；B. transfer转移；C. imitate模仿；D. spot发现。根据后文“it through continuous practice and exploration”中it指代上文提到的personal style，故是获得个人风格。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萨尔瓦多·达利探索了许多艺术媒介，但它们都有鲜明的达利风格。A. latest最新的；B. distinct不同的，鲜明的；C. modern现代的；D. lively生动地。根据后文“Every artist has a style and when you begin to develop it, this is when you really know that you’ re on the road to being a professional.(每个艺术家都有自己的风格，当你开始培养自己的风格时，你就知道自己走在成为专业人士的道路上了)”可知，萨尔瓦多·达利的作品都有鲜明的达利风格。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成为专业艺术家背后的另一个重要因素是你的动力。A. creativity创造力；B. adaptability适应性；C. drive驱动力；D. vision视野。根据后文“What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? (是什么让你每天早上起床去画画？你是怎么找到精力把所有的时间都花在绘画上的？)”可知，另一个因素是动力，故选C。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一般来说，专业人士和业余爱好者都喜欢做他们所做的事情，他们从创造艺术中得到满足。A. In conclusion总之；B. In contrast相反地；C. In addition此外；D. In general通常来说。后文“both professionals and amateurs love to do what they do and they get satisfaction out of creating art”主要说明的是专业人士和业余爱好者的共同点，即一般来说in general符合语境，故选D。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，业余爱好者从事绘画可能只是作为一种爱好或满足创作冲动。A. specialize in专门从事；B. excel in在……方面表现出色；C. major in主修；D. engage in参与。根据后文“painting just as a hobby”指业余爱好者从事绘画，只是作为爱好，故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，许多业余艺术家等待灵感的到来。A. inspiration灵感；B. fame名誉；C. guidance指导；D. sponsorship赞助。根据后文“If they are not in the mood, they do not bother looking at the canvas.(如果他们没有心情，他们就不会去看画布)”可知，业余艺术家等待灵感的到来。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专业人士从来不会轻易分心或离开他们正在进行的艺术作品。A. tricked骗人的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. distracted注意力分散的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据后文“It may even take a natural disaster to force them out of the studio.(甚至可能需要一场自然灾害才能迫使他们离开工作室)”可知，专业人士从来不会轻易分心。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专业艺术家也不断准备为下一幅画寻找灵感，因为他们相信下一幅画会比上一幅画更出色，而且总是有改进的空间。A. guarantee保证；B. highlight强调；C. commercialize商业化；D. outshine超越。根据后文“that there is always room for improvement”可知，专业艺术家相信下一幅画会比上一幅画更出色，而且总是有改进的空间，即下一幅画会超越上一幅画。故选D。 02 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 Can Oxford and Cambridge Save Harvard From ChatGPT? Artificial intelligence (AI) is capable not just of disrupting higher education but of blowing it apart. What can be done to 16 a future in which AI causes cheating and robs education of any real content? This question is stirring an anxious debate in the university world. With the return to campus approaching, the Washington Post warns of an autumn of “chaos” and “turmoil.” This debate should also be coupled with another equally 17 one: What does the ease with which machines can perform many of the functions of 18 education as well as humans tell us about the deficiencies of the current educational model? One solution to the problem is to ban students from using AI completely. Sciences Po in Paris and RV University in Bangalore are taking this 19 approach. But is trying to ban a technology that is rapidly becoming universal realistic. And is it a good preparation for life after university to 20 students from using a tool that they will later rely on in work? So, what can be done to prevent educational disaster? The best answer lies not in fine-tuning machines—the solution to the problems of technology seldom lies in more technology but in adopting a 21 method that goes back to Plato and Socrates and has been perfected in Oxford and Cambridge over the past 150 years: the tutorial method. Call it the Oxbridge solution. In Oxbridge students meet once a week individually or in a group of two (or on rare occasions three) with their 22 . The tutor sets them an essay question and provides them with a reading list. The students do the necessary reading on their own, write their essays, and then either submit them to their tutors or else read them aloud. The tutors then 23 the essays for weaknesses. What did you mean when you said that? What about X, or Y, or Z? Why didn’t you take Professor Snodgrass’s views into consideration? Or alternatively, if the student relied too 24 on Snodgrass, why didn’t you recognize that Snodgrass is talking nonsense? The tutorial partner is also obliged to join in with the discussion in the same spirit of testing hypotheses looking for alternative explanations or generally playing with ideas. The 25 of the tutorial is both gladiatorial (争论的) and egalitarian (平等的). Knowledge is supposed to be challenged. 26 is of the essence. Authorities are there to be dethroned. This tutorial system teaches people how to present arguments and illustrate big points with vivid facts; how to absorb mountains of information in short order; and how to make fine judgments about the 27 of various explanations. It also teaches people the ability to learn and think 28 —to act, as it were, as your own teacher. The obvious objection to introducing tutorials into US education is that they are expensive—tutors must devote 12 or more hours a week to teaching and class-student ratios are 29 to 2-to-1. But Ivy League universities make Oxford and Cambridge look like beggars. They can also afford to lavish money on athletic facilities and vast administrative leaders, both of which have nothing to do with education. The supposed 30 from AI should be treated as an opportunity to readjust US higher education from producing research to training in thinking. 16．A．avoid B．enhance C．create D．destroy 17．A．soothing B．pressing C．appealing D．promising 18．A．moral B．higher C．primary D．private 19．A．popular B．invaluable C．tight D．positive 20．A．free B．distract C．separate D．discourage 21．A．teaching B．communicating C．learning D．evaluating 22．A．classmates B．colleagues C．tutors D．superiors 23．A．underline B．assign C．submit D．probe 24．A．heavily B．slightly C．virtually D．moderately 25．A．sequence B．process C．surface D．spirit 26．A．Practice B．Comprehension C．Debate D．Reflection 27．A．source B．diversity C．conflict D．credibility 28．A．cooperatively B．creatively C．independently D．critically 29．A．canceled B．reduced C．increased D．improved 30．A．benefit B．threat C．shift D．motive 【答案】 16．A 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文是说明文。人工智能（AI）不仅能够颠覆高等教育，而且能够将其摧毁。美国高等教育为了应对人工智能带来的弊端，采用导师制，并阐述了这种教学方式的实施方式以及人们对这只方式的观点。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可以做些什么来避免人工智能导致作弊并剥夺教育的任何真实内容的未来？A. avoid避免；B. enhance提高；C. create创造；D. destroy破坏。根据下文“a future in which AI causes cheating and robs education of any real content”可知，人工智能导致作弊并剥夺教育的真实内容的未来是应该避免的。故选A。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场辩论还应该与另一个同样紧迫的问题结合起来：机器可以像人类一样完成高等教育的许多功能轻松告诉了我们当前教育模式的缺陷是什么? A. soothing使人宽心的；B. pressing迫切的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. promising有希望的。根据下文“What does the ease with which machines can perform many of the functions of 　　3　　 education as well as humans tell us about the deficiencies of the current educational model?”可知，这个问题是迫切需要解决的。故选B。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. moral道德的；B. higher更高的；C. primary主要的；D. private私人的。根据上文“Artificial intelligence (AI) is capable not just of disrupting higher education but of blowing it apart. ( 人工智能(AI)不仅能够颠覆高等教育，还能将其彻底摧毁。)”可知，此处说的是高等教育。故选B。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴黎政治学院和班加罗尔RV大学正在采取这种严厉的方法。A. popular受欢迎的；B. invaluable无价的；C. tight严格的；D. positive积极的。根据上文“One solution to the problem is to ban students from using AI completely.”可知，禁止使用人工智能是严格的措施。故选C。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：防止学生使用他们以后在工作中会用到的工具，这是为大学毕业后的生活做好准备吗？A. free免除；释放；B. distract分散；C. separate分离；分开；D. discourage阻碍；劝阻。根据上文“One solution to the problem is to ban students from using AI completely.”和“But is trying to ban a technology that is rapidly becoming universal realistic. (但却试图禁止一项正迅速成为普遍现实的技术。)”可知，此处指的是不让学生使用以后工作时使用的工具。故选D。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的答案不在于微调机器——技术问题的解决方案很少在于更多的技术，而在于采用一种可以追溯到柏拉图和苏格拉底的教学方法，这种方法在过去150年里在牛津和剑桥得到了完善:导师制。A. teaching教；B. communicating交流；C. learning学习；D. evaluating评估。根据下文“the tutorial method”可知，此处说的是采用一种教学方法。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在牛津，学生每周单独或两人一组（或极少数情况下三人）与导师见面一次。A. classmates同学；B. colleagues同事；C. tutors导师；D. superiors上级。根据下文“The tutor sets them an essay question and provides them with a reading list. (导师会给他们出一道作文题，并提供阅读清单。)”可知，学生会和导师见面。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，导师会探究论文的弱点。A. underline加强；强调；B. assign分配；C. submit提交；D. probe探查。根据上文“The students do the necessary reading on their own, write their essays, and then either submit them to their tutors or else read them aloud. (学生们自己做必要的阅读，写他们的文章，然后提交给他们的导师，或者大声朗读。)”可知，学生把文章展示给导师，导师探查论文存在的问题。故选D。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：或者，如果这个学生过于依赖斯诺德格拉斯，为什么你没有意识到斯诺德格拉斯在胡说呢? A. heavily在很大程度上；B. slightly轻微；C. virtually实际地；D. moderately适度地。根据下文“why didn’t you recognize that Snodgrass is talking nonsense?”可知，此处说的是学生过渡依赖人工智能，不能判断人工智能的错误。故选A。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：导师制的精神是有争论的，也是平等的。A. sequence顺序；B. process过程；C. surface表面；D. spirit精神。根据下文“both gladiatorial (争论的) and egalitarian (平等的).”和“Knowledge is supposed to be challenged.”可知，此处说的是导师制的精神。故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：辩论是必不可少的。A. Practice练习；实践；B. Comprehension理解；C. Debate辩论；D. Reflection反映。根据下文“Authorities are there to be dethroned.”和“ This tutorial system teaches people how to present arguments (这种导师制教人们如何陈述论点)”可知，不存在权威，因此辩论是必不可少的。故选C。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种导师制教人们如何用生动的事实来阐述论点和要点；如何在短时间内吸收大量的信息；以及如何对各种解释的可信度做出准确判断。A. source来源；B. diversity多样化；C. conflict冲突；争论；D. credibility可信性；可靠性。根据上文“how to make fine judgments”可知，此处说的是对解释的可信度做出正确的判断。故选D。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它还教会人们独立学习和思考的能力——就像你自己的老师一样。A. cooperatively合作地；B. creatively有创造力的；C. independently独立地；D. critically批判性地。根据下文“to act, as it were, as your own teacher.”可知，自己做自己的老师，学会独立地学习。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：反对在美国教育中引入辅导课的明显理由是费用昂贵——教师每周必须花12个小时或更多的时间来教学，课堂与学生的比例降至2:1。A. canceled取消；B. reduced减少；降低；C. increased提高；D. improved改进。根据前文“tutors must devote 12 or more hours a week to teaching”可知，导师花很多的时间来教学，因此课堂与学生的比例下降了。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：应该把人工智能带来的所谓好处视为一个机会，让美国高等教育从生产研究转向思维训练。A. benefit利益；好处；B. threat威胁；C. shift转换；D. motive动机。根据下文“should be treated as an opportunity to readjust US higher education from producing research to training in thinking”可知，此处说的是人工智能带来的好处。故选A。 03 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 To prevent tsunami-caused disasters, several countries worked together to expand the use of a tsunami-detecting system that had been developed in the United States by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The system 31 of an instrument installed on the seafloor — called a tsunameter — that measures pressure changes caused by a passing tsunami. The tsunameter sends a signal to a surface buoy (浮标), which sends the data to a satellite, which 32 the information to warning centers around the world. By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific. There were 33 in the Indian Ocean, and many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have 34 local communities. That policy mistake had tragic consequences. In Sumatra people had only a few minutes to run, 35 the tsunami took two hours to reach India, and some 16,000 people died there. “It was totally unnecessary,” says Paramesh Banerjee, a geo-physicist at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “Technically it would have been relatively 36 to install a tsunami warning system for the Indian Ocean.” There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean. So a (n) 37 of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours and still caught people by 38 is less likely. But buoys would not have helped in Sumatra. People living on coasts near a rupturing fault (地壳断层) can’t wait for 39 that a tsunami is on its way, which it often isn’t; they must flee as soon as the quake hits. The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers (地震测量仪) — a thousand of them 40 the country, the densest network anywhere — combined with a computer model that forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude (震级) and 41 of the quake. In March, the system, which is run by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), did not work perfectly. JMA’s initial 42 , while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger. The tsunami forecast warned of waves of ten feet or more — but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even 43 . But the human 44 to the warning was imperfect as well. “I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.” The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of 45 31．A．approves B．rids C．expects D．consists 32．A．broadcasts B．foresees C．assigns D．imposes 33．A．some B．a few C．none D．others 34．A．qualified B．alerted C．substituted D．fueled 35．A．although B．until C．as D．where 36．A．difficult B．thoughtful C．easy D．pressing 37．A．alternative B．perspective C．repetition D．resume 38．A．surprise B．mistake C．accident D．force 39．A．reference B．confirmation C．suggestion D．expectation 40．A．undertake B．multiply C．deposit D．blanket 41．A．location B．direction C．territory D．length 42．A．note B．catalogue C．volume D．estimate 43．A．worse B．larger C．higher D．wider 44．A．schedule B．scheme C．monitor D．response 45．A．warning B．security C．setting D．responsibility 【答案】 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．D 41．A 42．D 43．C 44．D 45．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了防止海啸引起的灾害，几个国家共同努力，扩大使用由美国国家海洋和大气管理局在美国开发的海啸探测系统。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，这个仪器被称为海啸计，用来测量海啸经过时造成的压力变化。A. approves赞成；B. rids去掉；C. expects期待；D. consists构成。根据后文“of an instrument installed on the seafloor”可知是在说明系统的构成，由一个安装在海底的仪器组成，短语consist of表示“由……组成”。故选D。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海啸仪向海面浮标发送信号，浮标将数据发送给卫星，卫星将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。A. broadcasts广播；B. foresees预见；C. assigns分配；D. imposes强加于。根据上文“which sends the data to a satellite”可知，卫星的作用是将信息广播到世界各地的预警中心。故选A。 33．考查代词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. some一些；B. a few少许；C. none没有；D. others其他人。根据上文“By 2004 only six such detectors had been installed, all in the Pacific.(到2004年，只安装了6个这样的探测器，全部在太平洋)”可知，印度洋一个探测器都没有，应用none。故选C。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：印度洋没有，该地区的许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。A. qualified取得资格；B. alerted警告；C. substituted替代；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“many countries in the region had no national warning centers that could have”可知，印度洋地区许多国家没有可以向当地社区发出警报的国家预警中心。故选B。 35．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在苏门答腊岛，人们只有几分钟的时间奔跑，尽管海啸花了两个小时到达印度，大约16000人在那里死亡。A. although虽然；B. until直到；C. as正如，因为；D. where在那里。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。 36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。”A. difficult困难的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. easy容易的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据后文“There are now 53 detector buoys operating in the world’s oceans, including 6 of a planned 27 in the Indian Ocean.(目前世界上有53个探测浮标在运行，其中6个在印度洋，计划部署27个)”可知，印度洋有6个探测浮标，可知从技术上讲，在印度洋安装海啸预警系统是相对容易的。故选C。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. alternative替代物；B. perspective角度；C. repetition重复；D. resume简历。根据后文“of the 2004 horror, in which the tsunami traveled for hours”此处指持续数小时的海啸让人们措手不及的恐怖事件重演的可能性并不高。故选C。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，2004年那场海啸持续数小时，但仍让人们措手不及的恐怖事件不太可能重演。A. surprise惊讶；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. force力量。根据上文“still caught people by”可知，指海啸令人措手不及，此处应用catch by surprise表示“通过做某事使某人感到意外或措手不及”。故选A。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在断裂断层附近海岸的人们迫不及待地等待海啸即将来临的确认，而实际上往往不是这样；他们必须在地震发生后立即逃离。A. reference提及；B. confirmation确认；C. suggestion建议；D. expectation期待。根据后文“that a tsunami is on its way”指确认海啸即将来临的消息。故选B。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. undertake从事；B. multiply大大增加；C. deposit储蓄；D. blanket覆盖。根据上文“The Japanese warning system relies not only on tsunameters but also on seismometers — a thousand of them”指地震仪覆盖全国，blanket符合语境。故选D。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本的预警系统不仅依赖于海啸仪，也依赖于地震仪——全国有上千个地震仪，是世界上最密集的地震仪网络——结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。A. location位置；B. direction方向；C. territory领土；D. length长度。根据上文“forecasts the scale of a tsunami from the magnitude and”可知，地震仪结合计算机模型，根据地震的震级和位置预测海啸的规模。故选A。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本气象厅在地面仍在震动时的初步估计为7.9级，但后来的分析显示，这次地震的震级为9级，是这次地震的12倍。A. note笔记；B. catalogue目录；C. volume体积；D. estimate估计。根据后文“while the ground was still shaking, put the quake magnitude at 7.9 — but later analysis revealed a quake that, at magnitude 9, was 12 times larger”可知，起初估计地震为7.9级，后来分析发现为9级，故选D。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸预报警告说海浪将达到10英尺或更高，但在南三陆岛，海浪达到了50英尺，有些地方甚至更高。A. worse更糟的；B. larger更大的；C. higher更高的；D. wider更宽的。根据上文“but they reached 50 feet in Minanisanriku and in some places even”此处指海浪的高度更高，应用higher。故选C。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。A. schedule安排；B. scheme计划；C. monitor监视器；D. response回答。根据后文““I think this time many people who lived above the high-water mark of the 1960 tsunami didn’t bother to run.” says Jin Sato, mayor of Minanisanriku. “Many of them died.”(“我认为，这次许多生活在1960年海啸高水位线以上的人都懒得跑了。”南三陆町市长Jin Sato说。“很多人都死了。”)”可知，人们面对遭难，懒得逃跑，说明人类对这一警告的反应也不完美。故选D。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，这个城镇的海堤也给了人们一种错误的安全感。A. warning警告；B. security安全；C. setting设置；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“The town’s seawall, he thinks, also gave people a false sense of”可知，海堤的作用是防御洪水，即给了人一种错误的安全感。故选B。 04 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 When talking about well-known products from the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, the conversation often turns to mutton, fruits or nuts. What is less well known is that the fish raised in this vast region’s meltwaters are building up   46 around the world. In recent days, this 47 produce for an inland region has been making waves in the national seafood industry. Buyers around the world have been attracted there after the Fukushima water discharge 48 consumers to avoid fish coming from the Pacific Ocean. Amid rising 49 in the global market about seafood safety, Xinjiang’s fishery industry has seized a unique opportunity. Buyers are looking for 50 after Japan started releasing treated wastewater into the Pacific Ocean last month. The first lots of this year’s crabs were fished from the waters in Altay, Xinjiang, earlier this week, receiving significant attention as their availability 51 that of crabs from Jiangsu—a more renowned crab-producing province in East China. This fact is shaking the latter’s long-standing status. The development of Xinjiang’s aquafarming industry has been a striking example of notable leaps in China’s ecological management strategies. Annual reports say that Bosten Lake in Xinjing alone will have a substantial harvest 52 to exceed 4,000 tonnes of crabs by the end of this year. This impressive figure suggests that the province’s aquafarming industry is 53 . The region is also experiencing a boom in other aquatic products 54 crab farming. South American white shrimp and salmon from Xinjiang are making 55 journeys from their native waters to dinner tables across China in less than a day. The success of Xinjiang’s seafood industry has filled significant gap in the Chinese market, particularly after the government’s decision to 56 imports of Japanese seafood. The discharge of nuclear-contaminated water by Japan has fueled a 57 in seafood consumption, further increasing the demand for seafood from Xinjiang. Expert analysts in the aquatic industry predict that Xinjiang’s fishery products will attract more investment, potentially scaling up production capabilities to meet consumer demands. Critical to Xinjiang’s aquaculture success story are the ecological reforms that have laid a solid foundation for it. The Chinese government’s mighty focus on the management and restoration of water bodies has 58 the development of an industry with potential. The transformation of Xinjiang into a prosperous seafood production hub is not a (n) 59 incident but a product of joint nationwide ecological reforms. The seafood not only provides 60 dinner choices for the locals in Xinjiang but also attracts growing interest nationwide and abroad. In Xinjiang, aquaculture has grown to be an industry and boosting local residents’ income. 46．A．reputation B．enthusiasm C．knowledge D．resistance 47．A．unusual B．wild C．conventional D．profitable 48．A．begged B．urged C．enabled D．ordered 49．A．agreement B．concern C．curiosity D．objection 50．A．customers B．marketers C．alternatives D．rivals 51．A．resembles B．overrates C．offsets D．outpaces 52．A．guaranteed B．doomed C．allowed D．projected 53．A．on the rise B．beyond description C．under control D．without consideration 54．A．apart from B．as a result of C．in terms of D．in spite of 55．A．return B．regular C．brief D．countryside 56．A．keep up B．call up C．call off D．put off 57．A．risk B．debate C．shift D．growth 58．A．marked B．restricted C．fed D．traced 59．A．crucial B．domestic C．controversial D．isolated 60．A．appropriate B．natural C．diverse D．obvious 【答案】 46．A 47．A 48．B 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．D 53．A 54．A 55．C 56．C 57．D 58．C 59．D 60．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于日本核废水促使消费者避免食用来自太平洋的鱼类，新疆的渔业抓住了一个独特的机遇。新疆水产养殖业的发展是中国生态管理战略显著飞跃的一个突出例子。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不太为人所知的是，在这片广阔地区的融水中养殖的鱼类正在世界各地建立起声誉。A. reputation名声；B. enthusiasm热情；C. knowledge知识；D. resistance抵抗。根据后文“around the world”指养殖鱼享誉世界，应用名词reputation。故选A。 47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近几天，这种内陆地区不寻常的产品在全国海产品行业掀起了波澜。A. unusual不寻常的；B. wild野生的；C. conventional传统的；D. profitable盈利的。根据上文“the fish raised in this vast region’s meltwaters”可知，鱼是在融水中养殖的，所以是不寻常的农产品。故选A。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在福岛污水排放促使消费者避免食用来自太平洋的鱼类后，世界各地的买家被吸引到这里。A. begged恳求；B. urged催促，促使；C. enabled使能够；D. ordered命令。根据后文“consumers to avoid fish coming from the Pacific Ocean”可知，在福岛污水排放促使消费者避免食用来自太平洋的鱼类，故选B。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在全球市场对海鲜安全的担忧日益加剧之际，新疆渔业抓住了一个独特的机遇。A. agreement协议；B. concern关心；C. curiosity好奇心；D. objection反对。根据后文“in the global market about seafood safety”可知指全球市场对海鲜安全的担忧，故选B。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本上个月开始将处理过的废水排放到太平洋后，买家们正在寻找替代品。A. customers顾客；B. marketers市场营销人员；C. alternatives替代；D. rivals对手。根据后文“after Japan started releasing treated wastewater into the Pacific Ocean last month”可知，顾客在寻找日本之外的替代选择，购买海产品。故选C。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：本周早些时候，今年的第一批螃蟹从新疆阿勒泰水域捕捞出来，受到了极大的关注，因为它们的供应量超过了中国东部更著名的产蟹省江苏的螃蟹。A. resembles相似；B. overrates高估；C. offsets抵消；D. outpaces超过。根据后文“that of crabs from Jiangsu—a more renowned crab-producing province in East China”指新疆阿勒泰水域捕捞出来的螃蟹供应量超过了中国东部更著名的产蟹省江苏的螃蟹。故选D。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：年度报告称，到今年年底，仅新京博斯腾湖就将收获大量螃蟹，预计将超过4000吨。A. guaranteed保证；B. doomed注定，宣告毁灭；C. allowed允许；D. projected预测，规划。根据后文“by the end of this year”可知这是预计今年年底，仅新京博斯腾湖就将收获大量螃蟹，预计将超过4000吨。故选D。 53．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个令人印象深刻的数字表明，该省的水产养殖业正在崛起。A. on the rise在增加；B. beyond description无法形容；C. under control处于控制之下；D. without consideration没有考虑到。根据上文“to exceed 4,000 tonnes of crabs”以及“that of crabs from Jiangsu—a more renowned crab-producing province in East China”可知，这些数字表明，该省的水产养殖业正在崛起。故选A。 54．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了螃蟹养殖，该地区的其他水产品也在蓬勃发展。A. apart from除了；B. as a result of因此；C. in terms of就……而言；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“The region is also experiencing a boom in other aquatic products”指除了螃蟹养殖，该地区的其他水产品也在蓬勃发展。应用apart from。故选A。 55．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：来自新疆的南美白虾和鲑鱼，在不到一天的时间里，只经过短暂的旅程就从它们的原生水域到中国各地的餐桌上。A. return返回；B. regular定期的；C. brief短暂的；D. countryside农村。根据后文“in less than a day”可知这些水产只经过了很短暂的旅程就送到了餐桌上。故选C。 56．考查动词短语辨析。句意：新疆海鲜产业的成功填补了中国市场的巨大空白，特别是在政府决定停止进口日本海鲜之后。A. keep up坚持下去；B. call up召集；C. call off取消；D. put off推迟。根据后文“imports of Japanese seafood”以及常识，中国政府在日本排放核废水后，决定停止进口日本海鲜。故选C。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本核污染水的排放推动了海鲜消费的增长，进一步增加了对新疆海鲜的需求。A. risk风险；B. debate辩论；C. shift移动；D. growth增长，成长。根据后文“in seafood consumption, further increasing the demand for seafood from Xinjiang”可知，日本核污染水的排放推动了海鲜消费的增长，进一步增加了对新疆海鲜的需求。后文increasing对应D选项growth。故选D。 58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国政府对水体管理和恢复的高度重视，促进了一个有潜力的产业的发展。A. marked做标记于；B. restricted限制；C. fed喂养，助长，加深；D. traced追溯。根据后文“the development of an industry with potential.”以及上文具体的数据表明中国政府对水体管理和恢复的高度重视，促进了一个有潜力的产业的发展。故选C。 59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新疆转变为繁荣的海产品生产中心不是一个独立的事件，而是全国范围内共同进行生态改革的产物。A. crucial重要的；B. domestic国内的；C. controversial有争议的；D. isolated独立的，隔绝的。根据后文“incident but a product of joint nationwide ecological reforms.”中joint对应的是isolated，即不是一个独立的事件，而是全国范围内共同进行生态改革的产物。故选D。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鲜不仅为新疆当地人提供了多样化的晚餐选择，也吸引了国内外越来越多的人的兴趣。A. appropriate合适的；B. natural自然的；C. diverse多样的；D. obvious显然的。根据后文“dinner choices for the locals in Xinjiang”可知，海鲜为新疆当地人提供了多样化的晚餐选择。故选C。 05 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that olive oil you see came from olives, and that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals. Increasingly, however, there is a chance you might be 61 . In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities—to alter products and 62 customers and food companies alike for financial gain (though occasionally the companies are complicit (同伙). Among the more recent 63 : “natural?” honey that’s been laced with antibiotics (抗生素) and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy. How can this 64 ? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or harmful foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries. But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t equipped to 65 them effectively. For the most part, they 66 safety standards—ensuring that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses—and rely on companies to police the quality of their own ingredients, lest they face consumer opposition. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are 67 , creating more opportunities for bad actors to mess around. “Anyone who can 68 substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try,” says Marion Nestle, who teaches nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University. Governments are starting 69 . In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. The Institute for Global Food Security lab in Belfast tests 70 sent in by people worried about fraud—a process that’s easier than ever, thanks to advances in technology. And there are efforts in the U.K., the U.S. and China, among other nations, to increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods. But in order to 71 fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to get better at safeguarding its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)—a trade group consisting of officials from more than 300 food manufacturers—will this year start 72 its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify fraud. Meanwhile, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative (FFI), a group that studies fraudsters— 73 , how they avoid safeguards—and then advises food companies on how to keep them away. “There are plenty of 74 out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a harder 75 .” 61．A．lucky B．wrong C．curious D．illegal 62．A．mislead B．astonish C．misunderstand D．assemble 63．A．booms B．examples C．recoveries D．trends 64．A．cease B．last C．happen D．progress 65．A．reveal B．follow C．enforce D．forget 66．A．agree with B．respond to C．substitute for D．focus on 67．A．longer B．riskier C．more stable D．more selective 68．A．hold on to B．look down on C．get away with D．make up for 69．A．take off B．keep up C．set aside D．fight back 70．A．attempts B．reports C．nutrients D．products 71．A．prevent B．cover C．suspect D．charge 72．A．affecting B．inspecting C．combining D．supporting 73．A．symbolically B．specifically C．respectively D．resourcefully 74．A．institutions B．consumers C．criminals D．sponsors 75．A．target B．issue C．choice D．technique 【答案】 61．B 62．A 63．B 64．C 65．C 66．D 67．A 68．C 69．D 70．D 71．A 72．B 73．B 74．C 75．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国食品行业存在的欺诈行为以及人们和这些欺诈行为做斗争所采取的措施。 61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，越来越有可能你错了。A. lucky幸运的；B. wrong错误的；C. curious好奇的；D. illegal不合法的。根据下文“reports of so-called food fraud”可知，会出现食品欺诈，所以你的想法的是错的，故选B。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近年来，有关所谓食品欺诈的报道越来越多，即各种实体试图改变产品，误导顾客和食品公司以获取经济利益。A. mislead误导；B. 使吃惊，震惊；C. misunderstand误解；D. assemble集合；装配。根据上文“Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy”可知，虚假的宣传确实会是误导客户，故选A。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的例子包括：掺有抗生素的“天然？”蜂蜜，意大利公司销售的“意大利橄榄油”由非意大利原产的混合油制成。A. booms繁荣；B. examples实例；C. recoveries恢复；D. trends趋势。根据下文的“Italian olive oil”可知，这是最近众多例子中的一个，故选B。 64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这怎么会发生？A. cease停止；B. last持续；C. happen发生；D.  progress进步。it指代的是上文提到的“食品欺诈”，下文要开始探究其“发生的原因”，故选C。 65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但包括美国食品药品监督管理局在内的大多数全球食品监管机构都没有能力有效执行这些规定。A. reveal揭示；B. follow跟随；C. enforce执行；D. forget忘记。根据下文的“them”指代的是“the Pure Food and Drug Act”可知，是“执行规定”，故选C。 66．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，他们专注于安全标准——确保食品不含细菌或病毒——并依靠公司监督自己原料的质量，以免面临消费者的反对。A. agree with同意；B. respond to回应；C. substitute for代替；D. focus on专注于。根据下文的动词“ensuring”和“rely on”可知，他们是专注于安全标准的，故选D。 67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在食品制造业已经全球化，供应链更长，为不良行为者创造了更多的机会。A. longer较长的；B. riskier风险较高的；C. more stable更稳定的；D. more selective更有选择性。根据前文“food manufacturing has become globalized”可知，食品制造业全球化了，这就会导致食品的供应链变得更长，故选A。 68．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：纽约大学教授营养、食品研究和公共卫生的Marion Nestle说：“任何能摆脱以好充次惩罚的人都会尝试。”A. hold on to保存；保留；坚持；B. look down on看不起；C. get away with（做坏事而）未受惩罚；应付过去；D. make up for弥补。因为这样做经济利润巨大，那么他一定会这样做，故选C。 69．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：政府开始反击。A. take off起飞；B. keep up保持；C. set aside留出；D. fight back反击。根据下文“In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit”可知，政府开始成立专门的部门，这就是为了打击犯罪，故选D。 70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝尔法斯特的全球粮食安全研究所实验室对担心欺诈的人送来的产品进行了测试——由于技术的进步，这一过程比以往任何时候都更容易。A. attempts尝试；B. reports报告；报道；C. nutrients营养素；D. products产品。根据下文“shady foods”可知，检查食物产品，故选D。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但为了从一开始就防止欺诈，食品行业需要更好地保护自己的生产网络。A. prevent防止；B. cover盖；C. suspect怀疑；D. charge给……充电；起诉。根据上文“increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods”可知，加大对销售不正当食品的公司的惩罚力度，这是为了预防食物欺诈，故选A。 72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，全球食品安全倡议（GFSI）——一个由300多家食品制造商的官员组成的贸易组织——今年将开始检查其成员从现场到餐桌的供应链，以识别欺诈行为。A. affecting影响；B. inspecting检查；C. combining组合；D。supporting支持。根据上文“from field to table, to identify fraud”可知，这一系列的行为是为了防止食物欺诈，则应该是需要检查食物链，故选B。 73．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，数十名其他食品行业专家最近与密歇根州立大学的学者合作，发起了食品欺诈倡议（FFI），该组织研究欺诈者，特别是他们如何避免安全措施，然后建议食品公司如何让他们远离。A. symbolically象征性地；B. specifically特别是；C. respectively分别为；D. resourcefully足智多谋。根据上文“发起了食品欺诈倡议（FFI），该组织研究欺诈者”可知，他们开始研究欺诈者，而“how they avoid safeguards”是特别重要的一项，故选B。 74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：外国金融机构负责人John Spink表示：“有很多罪犯会活跃起来，寻找诈骗的机会。”A. institutions机构；B. consumers消费者；C. criminals罪犯；D. sponsors赞助商。根据下文的“who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud”可知，此处指的是进行食物欺诈的人，就是罪犯，故选C。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们只需要让自己成为更难对付的目标。”。A. target目标；B. issue问题；C. choice选择；D. technique技巧。根据上文“There are plenty of  criminals  out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud”可知，为了让别人很难骗到自己，我们需要提升对方欺诈的难度，让自己成为更难的目标。故选A。 06 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市曹杨二中2023-2024学年高二上学期期中试卷英语试题 Please stop ruining children’s summer camp Teslie Conrad is the director of Clemson Outdoor Lab in South Carolina, which runs several different youth summer camps. Clemson 76 cell phones and other electronic devices in summer camps. And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States 77 access to cell phones. This makes sense. We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new 78 over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games. Researchers say that campers develop invaluable social skills, while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness — all 79 . “It’s kind of like letting go of everything and coming to a different world,” says Alexa Sherman, an 11-year-old camper. Many of the campers there say they 80 YouTube and Snapchat, but they quickly come to appreciate the hands-on activities and in-person friendships. The people who have the 81 time letting go, camp directors say, aren’t necessarily the campers themselves, but instead their parents. Barry Garst studies youth development at Clemson University. He said that whether you call them “helicopter”, “snowmobile” or “lawnmower” parents, over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect and is 82 the types of positive interpersonal experiences these camps are meant to provide for youth. Not weather, not water safety, not dangerous bears. It’s parents who call every day demanding 83 on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee. Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to 84 the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 85 a day? “Up to 100.” Some camps address parents’ 86 for updates by posting pictures and videos online. But sometimes this can have the 87 effect. In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your 88 and I don’t see them. Are they OK? Were they sent to the hospital?” Research on over-parenting, says Garst, shows that when parents behave this way, the development of a child’s sense of 89 can be slowed or can become altogether halted. The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude. “Children are not really learning how to 90 for themselves.” 76．A．bans B．produces C．searches D．provides 77．A．want B．limit C．enable D．improve 78．A．friends B．decisions C．investments D．mistakes 79．A．on purpose B．in agreement C．by themselves D．with excitement 80．A．use B．uninstall C．forget D．miss 81．A．first B．hardest C．shortest D．greatest 82．A．finding B．attending C．ruining D．setting up 83．A．comments B．reports C．studies D．focus 84．A．respond to B．chat with C．seek out D．argue against 85．A．problems B．parents C．messages D．lessons 86．A．plan B．wait C．pause D．thirst 87．A．magical B．opposite C．protective D．similar 88．A．website B．campsite C．phone D．list 89．A．self-awareness B．knowledge C．independence D．intelligence 90．A．make friends B．ask questions C．make plans D．solve problems 【答案】 76．A 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．D 81．B 82．C 83．B 84．A 85．C 86．D 87．B 88．A 89．C 90．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了露营时营地通常会限制孩子们使用电子设备，而父母对孩子过度养育，不断询问孩子在营地的情况，往往会破坏孩子独立意识的发展。 76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Clemson禁止在夏令营使用手机和其他电子设备。A. bans禁止；B. produces产生；C. searches搜索；D. provides提供。根据后文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___3___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.”可知，传统上，我们认为夏令营不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方，故这个夏令营禁止使用手机和其他电子设备。故选A项。 77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据美国营地协会的说法，美国大多数寄宿营地都限制使用手机。A. want想要；B. limit限制；C. enable使能够；D. improve改进。根据后文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___3___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.”可知，传统上，我们认为夏令营不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方，故美国大多数寄宿营地都限制使用手机。故选B项。 78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们传统上认为夏令营是一个我们可以在湖里游泳，在星空下露营，在篝火旁结交新朋友和户外探险的地方，而不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方。A. friends朋友；B. decisions决定；C. investments投资；D. mistakes错误。根据前文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make”和常识可推知，我们传统上认为夏令营是可以玩耍和交朋友的地方。make friends“交朋友”，为固定短语。故选A项。 79．考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员说，露营者在独自面对风险和克服思乡情绪的同时，培养了宝贵的社交技能。A. on purpose故意；B. in agreement一致；C. by themselves独自；D. with excitement兴奋地。根据前文的“while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness”可推知，露营时面对风险和克服思乡情绪是露营者在独自面对的。故选C项。 80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那里的许多露营者说他们想念YouTube和Snapchat，但他们很快就开始欣赏这些动手活动和面对面的友谊。A. use使用；B. uninstall卸载；C. forget忘记；D. miss想念。根据前文的“And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States ___2___ access to cell phones.”可知，露营地限制使用手机，故露营者会想念聊天的软件，想和人用手机聊天。故选D项。 81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：营地负责人说，最难放手的人不一定是参加夏令营的人自己，而是他们的父母。A. first第一的；B. hardest最难的；C. shortest最短的；D. greatest最大的。根据后文的“It’s parents who call every day demanding ___8___ on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee.”可知，父母不放心孩子们，最难放手的是父母。故选B项。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，无论你称他们为“直升机父母”、“雪地摩托父母”还是“割草机父母”，过度介入的父母总体上都在产生负面影响，破坏了这些夏令营旨在为青少年提供的积极的人际交往体验。A. finding发现；B. attending出席；C. ruining破坏；D. setting up设置。根据前文的“over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect”可知，过度介入的父母会破坏孩子们的夏令营体验。故选C项。 83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：家长们每天打电话要求报告孩子的情况，他们希望从夏令营主任那里听到每一个擦伤的膝盖。A. comments评论；B. reports报告；C. studies研究；D. focus关注。根据后文的“who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee”可知，家长们要求夏令营负责人报告孩子的情况。故选B项。 84．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她说：“我必须回应那些习惯了与女儿不断沟通的母亲。”A. respond to回应；B. chat with聊天；C. seek out找出；D. argue against反对。根据后文的“who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 10 a day? “Up to 100.””可知，父母不放心孩子，总是询问孩子的情况，老师不得不作出回应。故选A项。 85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天有多少条信息？A. problems问题；B. parents父母；C. messages消息；D. lessons经验教训。根据前文的“Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to ___9___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters, ”she says.”可知，父母惦记孩子，发出很多信息询问情况。故选C项。 86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些夏令营通过在网上发布图片和视频来满足家长对最新情况的渴望。A. plan计划；B. wait等待；C. pause停顿；D. thirst渴望。根据前文的““I have to ___9___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says.”可知，家长渴望知道孩子们的情况。故选D项。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有时这会产生相反的效果。A. magical神奇的；B. opposite相反的；C. protective防护的；D. similar相像的。根据后文的“In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your ___13___ and I don’t see them. Are they OK? Were they sent to the hospital?””可知，家长在网站的照片中没有看到自己的孩子，反倒更担忧，故这产生了相反的效果。故选B项。 88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，他们通常会接到这样的电话：“你好，营地主任，我在你的网站上，但我没有看到他们。他们还好吗？他们被送到医院了吗？”A. website网站；B. campsite露营地；C. phone电话；D. list列表。根据前文的“Some camps address parents’ ___11___ for updates by posting pictures and videos online.”可知，家长在网站上看到的图片或视频。故选A项。 89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Garst说，对过度养育的研究表明，当父母以这种方式行事时，孩子独立意识的发展可能会减慢或完全停止。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. knowledge知识；C. independence独立性；D. intelligence智力。根据后文的“The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude.”可知，父母传递的信息是，他们认为自己的孩子无法独自度过艰难时刻，而孩子们也接受了这种态度，故孩子独立意识的发展遭到破坏。故选C项。 90．考查动词短语辨析。句意：孩子们并没有真正学会如何自己解决问题。A. make friends交朋友；B. ask questions问问题；C. make plans制定计划；D. solve problems解决问题。根据前文的“The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude.”可知，父母和孩子这样的态度导致孩子们不能自己解决生活中的难题。故选D项。 07 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 Probably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn’t always read like “normal” English. It’s a natural and reasonable 91 . Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of 92 . The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power 93 the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At the same time, there was no real standardization in English. Formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks 94 did not exist, and proper education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect- or perhaps because of it- English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare 95 . So how can a reader today 96 that gap between then and now? There are two critical areas to 97 : word usage and grammar. Once you understand these fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more 98 . First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. While many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage. 99 , when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle)? Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good 100 with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used within a different meaning in Shakespeare’s works. Grammar is where the 101 of Shakespeare English is often most apparent. Parts of speech are frequently 102 , such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always 103 . Even sentence construction can be 104 , with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. 105 we would say, “John caught the ball,” Shakespeare would say “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.” 91．A．accusation B．appreciation C．direction D．oppression 92．A．alterations B．improvements C．incidents D．specifics 93．A．contacted B．exposed C．led D．linked 94．A．arguably B．essentially C．roughly D．simply 95．A．gave way B．kept track C．took advantage D．took pride 96．A．avoid B．bridge C．embrace D．widen 97．A．address B．deal C．learn D．undertake 98．A．accessible B．easy C．qualified D．unchanged 99．A．Above all B．By contrast C．For example D．In other words 100．A．download B．edition C．medium D．recollection 101．A．achievement B．confusion C．flexibility D．mixture 102．A．commanded B．excluded C．substituted D．switched 103．A．agree B．connect C．guarantee D．neglect 104．A．independent B．pitiful C．tricky D．unique 105．A．Before B．Providing C．Since D．While 【答案】 91．A 92．A 93．B 94．D 95．C 96．B 97．A 98．A 99．C 100．B 101．C 102．D 103．A 104．C 105．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是莎士比亚作品里的英语的特点。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个自然而合理的指控。A. accusation指控；B. appreciation感激，欣赏；C. direction方向；D. oppression压迫。根据上文“it doesn’t always read like “normal” English”可知，人们阅读莎士比亚作品时会抱怨，是对莎士比亚作品的一种指控。故选A。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：四个世纪给它们带来了很多变化。A. alterations变化；B. improvements提高；C. incidents事件；D. specifics细节。根据上文“word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time”可知，单词的含义和表达在相对较短的时间内都会有很多变化，那么四个世纪当然会给单词的含义和表达带来很多变化。故选A。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：文艺复兴和英国作为海上强国的地位使英语接触到越来越多的文化和语言。A. contacted联系；B. exposed使遭受；C. led带领；D. linked联系。根据下文“the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages”可知，此处表示“英语接触到越来越多的文化和语言”。故选B。 94．考查副词词义辨析。句意：正式的字典和语法教科书根本不存在，适当的教育更多地侧重于古典拉丁语，而不是口语英语。A. arguably可论证地；B. essentially本质上；C. roughly粗略地，大约；D. simply仅仅。根据下文“did not exist”可知，那个时候正式的字典和语法教科书根本不存在，simply not意为“根本不”。故选D。 95．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在这种忽视——或者可能正因为如此——伊丽莎白统治时期的英语有一定的灵活性，莎士比亚利用了这一点。A. gave way赠送；B. kept track跟踪；C. took advantage利用；D. took pride感到骄傲。根据上文“English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it”可知，伊丽莎白统治时期的英语有一定的灵活性，莎士比亚应该是利用了这一点。故选C。 96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，今天的读者如何才能跨越过去和现在之间的鸿沟呢？A. avoid避免；B. bridge跨越；C. embrace拥抱；D. widen加宽。根据下文“that gap between then and now”可知，是跨越这个鸿沟。故选B。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个关键的方面需要解决：词汇用法和语法。A. address解决；B. deal处理；C. learn学习；D. undertake从事。根据上文“So how can a reader today ____6____ that gap between then and now”可知，要跨越过去和现在之间的鸿沟，需要解决词汇用法和语法。deal with意为“处理”，分析句子可知用及物动词address符合题意。故选A。 98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你理解了这些基本概念，莎士比亚就变得更容易理解了。A. accessible可理解的；B. easy简单的；C. qualified有资格的；D. unchanged不变的。根据上文“Once you understand these fundamental concepts”可知，一旦你理解了词汇用法和语法的基本概念，莎士比亚就变得更容易理解了。故选A。 99．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，你最后一次听到有人使用bodkin (穿孔工具)、contumely (辱骂) 或fardel (捆绑) 等词是什么时候？A. Above all首先；B. By contrast相比之下；C. For example例如；D. In other words换句话说。下文“when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle)”是举的例子，故选C。 100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一本有详细脚注的好版本和一本好字典会对你有帮助。A. download下载；B. edition版本；C. medium媒介；D. recollection回忆。根据下文“with detailed footnotes”可知，有详细脚注的是一个好的版本。故选B。 101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：语法是莎士比亚英语灵活性最明显的地方。A. achievement成就；B. confusion困惑；C. flexibility灵活性；D. mixture混合物。根据下文“Parts of speech are frequently ____12____, such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always ____13____. Even sentence construction can be ____14____, with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order”可知，莎士比亚英语中的语法很灵活。故选C。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：词性经常转换，例如名词或形容词变成动词。A. commanded命令；B. excluded排除；C. substituted代替；D. switched转换。根据下文“nouns or adjectives becoming verbs”可知，名词或形容词变成动词，这是词性经常在转换。故选D。 103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：动词和主语并不总是一致的。A. agree一致；B. connect连接；C. guarantee保证；D. neglect忽视。根据上文“Grammar is where the ____11____ of Shakespeare English is often most apparent”可知，语法很灵活，所以动词和主语并不总是一致的。故选A。 104．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是句子结构也可能很棘手，因为基本的主-动-宾顺序颠倒了。A. independent独立的；B. pitiful可怜的；C. tricky难对付的，棘手的；D. unique独一无二的。根据下文“with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order.”可知，基本的主-动-宾顺序颠倒了，所以句子结构也可能很棘手。故选C。 105．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们会说“John caught the ball”，莎士比亚会说“John the ball caught”或“The ball John caught”。A. Before在……之前；B. Providing假如；C. Since自从；D. While虽然。根据下文“we would say, “John caught the ball,” Shakespeare would say “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.””可知，虽然我们会说“John caught the ball”，莎士比亚会说“John the ball caught”或“The ball John caught”。故选D。 08 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市复旦中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favorite 106 friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. In findings published in AERA Open—an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association—last month, scientists showed that the general 107 of students improves quickly, with even those who are highly stressed showing “significant” reduction in cortisol levels—a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress. Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs where students can 108 cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now. The research, conducted by Washington State University (WSU), shows that pets improve students’ moods, and their 109 has stress-relieving physiological benefits. “Just 10 minutes can have a significant 110 ,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU’s Department of Human Development. This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a 111 intervention (介入). The team chose 249 college students and put them into four random groups and compared the effects of different 112 to animals. The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while 113 others petting the animals. The third group watched a slideshow of the same animals, while the fourth group had to 114 and was told they would be allowed to see the animals after 10 minutes. Salivary (唾液的) cortisol 115 were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning. There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had 116 interaction with the pets. Many universities have started these 117 where students can interact with cats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education. “We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more 118 emotions,” Dr Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less 119 way. And it did, which is 120 because the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.” 106．A．new B．furry C．close D．personal 107．A．endurance B．awareness C．education D．wellbeing 108．A．glance at B．focus on C．interact with D．escape from 109．A．presence B．performance C．intelligence D．perseverance 110．A．potential B．problem C．chance D．impact 111．A．real-life B．part-time C．first-rate D．high-quality 112．A．responses B．exposures C．contributions D．approaches 113．A．keeping B．preventing C．observing D．catching 114．A．swear B．wait C．supervise D．appreciate 115．A．samples B．levels C．injections D．tips 116．A．little B．harmonious C．informal D．direct 117．A．campaigns B．programs C．researches D．majors 118．A．complex B．intense C．familiar D．positive 119．A．subjective B．risky C．mysterious D．effective 120．A．demanding B．challenging C．exciting D．disappointing 【答案】 106．B 107．D 108．C 109．A 110．D 111．A 112．B 113．C 114．B 115．A 116．D 117．B 118．D 119．A 120．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究表明学生与动物互动能给学生带来身体和心里的好处，能够减轻学生的压力，减少压力对身心健康有显著的好处。 106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们不仅超级可爱，每天都能让我们微笑，华盛顿州立大学的科学家现在已经证明，轻轻触摸我们最喜欢的毛茸茸的朋友十分钟是降低压力的有效方法。A. new新的；B. furry毛皮似的，毛茸茸的；C. close进的，亲密的；D. personal个人的。根据上文“What did we do to deserve cats and dogs?”可知，此处是指人们喂养的宠物，即那些毛茸茸的朋友。故选B。 107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上个月发表在美国教育研究协会出版的开放获取期刊《AERA Open》上的研究结果中，科学家们表明，学生的总体健康状况迅速改善，即使是那些压力很大的学生，皮质醇水平也“显著”降低，皮质醇是我们身体在压力时产生的一种化学物质。A. endurance耐力；B. awareness意识；C. education教育；D. wellbeing幸福，健康。根据上文“an effective way to reduce stress levels”可知，研究的是和宠物互动能降低压力水平，这是和健康有关的。故选D。 108．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多大学已经开展了“宠物减压”项目，学生们可以与猫或狗互动，现在看来这对心理和生理都有好处。A. glance at瞥一眼；B. focus on集中于；C. interact with与……互动；D. escape from从……逃走。根据上文“that touching our favorite 　　1　　 friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels.”可知，此处是指抚摸宠物，即和宠物互动。故选C。 109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项由华盛顿州立大学(WSU)进行的研究表明，宠物可以改善学生的情绪，它们的存在对缓解压力有生理上的好处。A. presence出席，在场，存在；B. performance表演，表现；C. intelligence智慧；D. perseverance毅力，耐性。根据上文“Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs where students can 　　3　　 cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now.”可知，宠物的存在可以缓解生理压力。故选A。 110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：华盛顿州立大学人类发展系副教授帕特里夏·彭德里说:“仅仅10分钟就能产生重大影响。”A. potential潜力；B. problem问题；C. chance机会；D. impact影响。根据上文“and their 　　4　　 has stress-relieving physiological benefits.”和“Just 10 minutes”可知，宠物的存在有减少压力的作用，并且仅仅与它们呆10分钟就会对人们产生重要影响。故选D。 111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是第一项证明在现实生活中干预会降低学生皮质醇水平的研究。A. real-life真实的；B. part-time兼职的；C. first-rate上等的，一流的；D. high-quality高品质的。根据下文“The team chose 249 college students and put them into four random groups”可知，这项研究是在现实生活中进行的，因此是第一项证明在现实生活中干预会降低学生皮质醇水平的研究。故选A。 112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究小组选择了249名大学生，将他们随机分为四组，并比较了不同接触动物的影响。A. responses回应；B. exposures暴露，接触；C. contributions贡献；D. approaches方法，途径。根据下文“The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while 　　8　　 others petting the animals. The third group watched a slideshow of the same animals, while the fourth group had to 　　9　　 and was told they would be allowed to see the animals after 10 minutes.”对不同组别和宠物互动的时间和方式可知，此处是指研究比较了不同的接触宠物的影响。且下文14空前“What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress”也是提示。故选B。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二组在排队等候，同时观察其他人抚摸动物。A. keeping保持；B. preventing阻止；C. observing观察，遵守；D. catching抓住，赶上。根据“The second group waited in line”推知，第二组在等待的同时观察其他组别的人抚摸宠物。故选C。 114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三组观看了相同动物的幻灯片，而第四组不得不等待，并被告知10分钟后可以看到这些动物。A. swear发誓，保证；B. wait等待；C. supervise监管；D. appreciate欣赏，感激。根据下文“was told they would be allowed to see the animals after 10 minutes.”可知，第四组的人需要先等待10分钟才能看到动物。故选B。 115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从每个参与者早上醒来的那一刻开始收集唾液皮质醇样本。A. samples样本；B. levels水平；C. injections注射，资金投入；D. tips建议，小费。根据上文“This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a 　　6　　 intervention (介入).”可知，既然是研究，那么此处即指采集唾液样本。故选A。 116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与宠物有直接互动的学生唾液中的皮质醇明显减少。A. little小的，少的；B. harmonious和谐的；C. informal非正式的；D. direct直接的。根据上文“cortisol levels—a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress.”可知，皮质醇是在压力下产生的，再结合本句“less cortisol in the saliva of students”可知，与宠物直接接触的学生的唾液样本中皮质醇明显减少。故选D。 117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多大学已经开设了这些项目，在这些项目中学生可以与猫或狗互动，以帮助缓解高等教育的压力。A. campaigns活动，游行；B. programs项目；C. researches研究；D. majors专业。根据上文“Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs”可知，此处是指大学开设了允许学生和猫狗互动的项目。故选B。 118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Pendry博士说：“我们已经知道，学生们喜欢与动物互动，这有助于他们体验更多的积极情绪。”A. complex复杂的；B. intense强烈的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. positive积极的，乐观的。根据上文“Pet Your Stress Away”和本句“students enjoy interacting with animals”可知，与宠物互动有助于学生体验更多积极的情绪。故选D。 119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想了解的是，这种接触是否有助于学生以一种不那么主观的方式减轻压力。A. subjective主观的；B. risky冒险的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. effective有效的。根据下文“the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.”可知，时间证明和宠物互动有益于身体健康；由此推知，这种方法是客观的，而不是受学生主观情绪的影响。故选A。 120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它确实做到了，这是令人兴奋的，因为随着时间的推移，压力化学物质的减少可能会对身心健康产生重大益处。A. demanding要求高的；B. challenging具有挑战的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据“whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less 　　14　　 way. And it did”可知，与宠物互动确实能降低学生的压力，因此这个结果是令人兴奋的。故选C。 09 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市奉贤区四校联考2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（含听力） Self-confidence: one’s belief that they can meet all the demands of a task. Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of 121 , right? Wrong! Self-confidence is not something people are born with, like their height or hair color. It’s a skill that anyone can start 122 today. One simple self-confidence builder is 123 self-talk. What you say to yourself 124 how you feel about yourself. Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you. Instead, if you get a bad grade on a test, try saying “I’ll do better next time.” Rather than focusing on your failure,   125 ways that you can improve, and try again. Another way to 126 your confidence is to believe in yourself. Studies show that believing you can do something can increase your chance of success. If you put in the work to learn how to do something, believe in your ability. Don’t let 127 steal your energy and motivation away. One of the ugliest enemies of self-confidence is 128 yourself to others. Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence. 129 , it will make you proud. And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you 130 ; it will fill you with envy. Fight back by counting your blessings. Keep a journal and write down all the things that you’re 131 for. Facing your fears is another way to build self-confidence. You might have a(n) 132 for public speaking. But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it? Even if you fail, leaving your 133 zone can make you stronger. Don’t let fear become an obstacle in your journey toward excellence! Finally, showing kindness to others is a great way to build self-confidence. Showing kindness 134 you that you can make a difference in the world. When you make others feel good, you, 135 , feel good about yourself. 121．A．luck B．order C．curiosity D．habit 122．A．updating B．displaying C．applying D．practicing 123．A．addictive B．positive C．independent D．energetic 124．A．links B．influences C．limits D．stretches 125．A．involve B．ignore C．identify D．indicate 126．A．shake B．share C．impact D．inspire 127．A．concentration B．doubt C．enthusiasm D．embarrassment 128．A．communicating B．comparing C．proving D．exposing 129．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 130．A．flexible B．intelligent C．negative D．humble 131．A．grateful B．respectful C．responsible D．regretful 132．A．anxiety B．talent C．mood D．occasion 133．A．danger B．occupation C．safety D．comfort 134．A．informs B．reminds C．promises D．confirms 135．A．in all B．in person C．in turn D．in addition 【答案】 121．A 122．D 123．B 124．B 125．C 126．D 127．B 128．B 129．C 130．D 131．A 132．A 133．D 134．B 135．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了任何人都可以通过练习建立自信，介绍了一些建立自信的方法。 121．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人天生就有，其他人就没那么幸运了，对吧？A. luck运气；B. order订单；C. curiosity好奇心；D. habit习惯。根据上文“Some people are born with it”有些人天生就有，以及下文“Self-confidence is not something people are born with”自信不是与生俱来的，由此可推知，此处应表示有些人天生就有，其他人就没那么幸运了。故选A项。 122．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：这是一项任何人都可以从今天开始练习的技能。A. updating更新；B. displaying展示；C. applying申请；D. practicing练习。根据上文“It’s a skill that anyone can start”以及后文介绍了增强自信的技巧，可推知，这是一项任何人都可以从今天开始练习的技能。故选D项。 123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个简单的自信建立者是积极的自我对话。A. addictive成瘾的；B. positive积极的；C. independent独立的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据下文““I’ll do better next time.””下次我会做得更好，由此可推知，此处应表示积极的自我对话。故选B项。 124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你对自己说的话会影响你对自己的感觉。A. links连接；B. influences影响；C. limits限制；D. stretches伸展。根据下文“Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try? ” could ruin you.”告诉自己“我什么都做不好”，或者问自己“我为什么要尝试？”可能会毁了你。由此可推知，此处应表示你对自己说的话会影响你对自己的感觉。故选B项。 125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其专注于你的失败，不如找出你可以改进的地方，然后再试一次。A. involve涉及；B. ignore忽视；C. identify发现；D. indicate表明。根据下文“ways that you can improve, and try again.”可推知，此处应指发现可以改进的地方，然后再试一次。故选C项。 126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种激发自信的方法是相信自己。A. shake摇晃；B. share分享；C. impact影响；D. inspire激励。根据下文“your confidence is to believe in yourself.”可推知，此处在介绍激发自信的方法。故选D项。 127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要让怀疑偷走你的能量和动力。A. concentration专心；B. doubt怀疑；C. enthusiasm热情；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据句意以及下文“steal your energy”可推知，此处应表示怀疑会偷走能量和动力，要相信自我。故选B项。 128．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自信最丑陋的敌人之一就是拿自己和别人比较。A. communicating交流；B. comparing比较；C. proving证明；D. exposing暴露。根据下文“Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence.”认为自己比别人好不会给你信心。由此推知，此处指和比人比较。故选B项。 129．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它会让你感到骄傲。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反的是；D. However然而。根据上文提到的认为自己比别人好不会给你信心，以及下文“it will make you proud.”它会让你感到骄傲，由此可知，上下文形成转折关系。故选C项。 130．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：认为自己比别人差不会让你变得谦虚。A. flexible灵活的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. negative消极的；D. humble谦虚的。根据上下文语境以及下文“it will fill you with envy.”这会让你充满嫉妒。由此推知，此处应表示认为自己比别人差不会让你变得谦虚。故选D项。 131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：记日记，写下所有你感激的事情。A. grateful感激的；B. respectful尊敬的；C. responsible负责的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“Fight back by counting your blessings.”通过珍惜你的幸福来反击。由此推知，此处应表示写下所有你感激的事情。故选A项。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会对公开演讲感到焦虑。A. anxiety焦虑；B. talent天资；C. mood心情；D. occasion时刻。根据下文“But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it?”但如果你从未克服恐惧并尝试过，你怎么知道呢？由此可知，此处讲的是公开演讲感到焦虑。故选A项。 133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使你失败了，离开舒适区也能让你变得更强大。A. danger危险；B. occupation职业；C. safety安全；D. comfort安慰。根据上文“Facing your fears”提到了要面对恐惧，即勇于尝试，走出舒适区。故选D项。 134．考查动词词义辨析。句意：表达善意会提醒你，你可以改变世界。A. informs通知；B. reminds提醒；C. promises承诺；D. confirms证实。根据下文“you that you can make a difference in the world.”可推知，此处应表示表达善意提醒你，你可以改变世界。故选B项。 135．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当你让别人感觉良好时，反过来，你自己也会感觉良好。A. in all总之；B. in person亲自；C. in turn反过来；D. in addition此外。根据句意以及下文“feel good about yourself.”可推知，此处应表示当你让别人感觉良好时，反过来，你自己也会感觉良好。故选C项。 10 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市行知中学2022-2023学年高二期中英语试卷 One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how 136 some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably 137 is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident 138 on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than 139 . Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to 140 more. One by one Spector offers answers to recent food 141 . Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on 142 grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s 143 useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven 144 but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now 145 . Spector also offers more than a set of currently 146 tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most 147 point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are 148 : yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why. Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different 149 for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to 150 the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year. 136．A．well-known B．aim-oriented C．ill-founded D．long-lived 137．A．certain about B．ignorant of C．capable of D．worried about 138．A．decisions B．courses C．focuses D．suggestions 139．A．facts B．chances C．reasons D．features 140．A．investigate B．demand C．concentrate D．spend 141．A．supplies B．shortages C．standards D．myths 142．A．culture B．history C．economy D．health 143．A．equally B．practically C．socially D．impossibly 144．A．effectiveness B．consciousness C．competitiveness D．emptiness 145．A．serves B．shares C．recognizes D．dismisses 146．A．pointless B．topical C．defensible D．additional 147．A．emotional B．significant C．questionable D．forgivable 148．A．individual B．unpredictable C．important D．available 149．A．changes B．outcomes C．profits D．addicts 150．A．start B．analyze C．stop D．reflect 【答案】 136．C 137．B 138．D 139．A 140．A 141．D 142．D 143．B 144．A 145．D 146．C 147．B 148．A 149．B 150．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们对食物和运动对身体的作用认识仍然存在困惑和假设，作者Spector指出了一些迄今为止的食品误解，提出了个性化营养学的重要性，并呼吁进行更多研究以解释个体之间的微生物组成的差异和其与肥胖之间的关系。最终目的是希望通过正确的饮食和锻炼习惯控制全球肥胖的趋势。 136．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：百科全书是一个有趣的提醒，提醒我们当前的一些真理必然是多么没有根据。A. well-known众所周知的；B. aim-oriented以目标为导向的；C. ill-founded缺乏根据的；D. long-lived长寿的。根据下文“Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. (我们尚未了解的领域的确定性在未来几个世纪中看起来与其中一些一样荒谬)”可知，当前的一些被认为是真理的东西可能是缺乏根据的。故选C项。 137．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们仍然非常无知的其中一个是食物和运动对我们身体的影响。A. certain about确定；B. ignorant of无知；C. capable of有能力；D. worried about担心。根据“one of those”及空后“the effect of food and exercise on our bodies.”可知，对于食物和运动对我们身体的影响我们仍是无知的。故选B项。 138．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被关于如何饮食，如何避免或逆转肥胖的自信建议所包围，但当世界变得更胖时，这些建议似乎毫无意义。A. decisions决定；B. courses课程；C. focuses重点；D. suggestions建议。根据空后“how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity”可知，这些都是建议。故选D项。 139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们所知道的大部分内容都是一堆假设而不是事实。A. facts事实；B. chances机会；C. reasons原因；D. features特征。根据空前“rather than(而不是)”可知，空处应为与“assumptions”相对应的词，故选A项。 140．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这要求我们进行更多调查。A. investigate调查；B. demand需求；C. concentrate集中；D. spend花费。根据空前“Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.(为什么我们被告知的几乎所有关于食物的东西都是错误的)”可知，我们被告知的关于食物的东西是错误的，所以要求我们进行“调查”，故选A项。 141．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特为最近一个接一个的食物神话提供了答案。A. supplies供应；B. shortages短缺；C. standards标准；D. myths神话。根据下文“Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 percent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. (咖啡可以拯救我们的生命，他说。每天三到四杯可以降低患心脏病的风险，并可能将死亡风险降低8%。黄油不会伤害我们的心脏，斯佩克特认为，盐是至关重要的。鸡蛋已经“从英雄变成了恶棍，然后再回来”)”可知，食物的作用被夸大其词了，斯佩克特认为这些是食物神话。故选D项。 142．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要以健康为由对所有红肉说不，偶尔少量的优质未加工肉类提供重要的维生素和铁，“可能对你有好处”。A. culture文化；B. history历史；C. economy经济；D. health健康。根据下文“provide important vitamins and iron”可知，红肉提供了维生素和铁，空处表示不要以“健康”为由，故选D项。 143．考查副词词义辨析。句意：运动对长寿和幸福是如此有益，以至于它应该被认为是我们的第一大药物，但它实际上毫无用处的一件事就是减肥。A. equally同等；B. practically实际上；C. socially社会；D. impossibly不可能。根据空后“useless is losing weight.”可知，运动对减肥“实际上”是没有用处的，故选B项。 144．考查名词词义辨析。句意：维生素丸是一个价值数十亿英镑的行业，几乎没有被证实的有效性，但可能会造成真正的伤害。A. effectiveness有效性；B. consciousness意识；C. competitiveness竞争力；D. emptiness空虚。根据空前“almost no proven”及空后“real harm”可知，维生素丸没有被证明“有效性”，可能还有害。故选A项。 145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是斯佩克特曾经研究和相信的维生素D，他现在也对他不屑一顾。A. serves服务；B. shares股份；C. recognizes承认；D. dismisses不屑一顾。根据空前“used to study and believe in”及“now”可知，空处表达的意思与前文相反，即曾经研究和相信，现在不屑一顾。故选D项。 146．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特还提供了不止一套目前可以辩护的技巧。A. pointless无意义；B. topical局部；C. defensible可辩护；D. additional附加。根据“a set of currently 　　11　　 tips.”可知，斯佩克特有不止一套理论来支持他的观点，可以为其辩护，故选C项。 147．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最重要的观点是没有放之四海而皆准的标准。A. emotional情绪化的；B. significant重要的；C. questionable可疑的；D. forgivable可原谅的。根据空后“no one size that fits all”可知，这是他最重要观点，故选B项。 148．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的身体非常复杂，反应也因人而异：然而没有人愿意为可能解释这一现象的研究买单。A. individual个人的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. important重要的；D. available可用的。根据常识可知，每个人对不同的食物或运动项目的反应因人而异的。故选A项。 149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物选择，基因，环境和我们微生物组产生的化学反应的某种组合——我们体内独特的微生物组合——是的，我们每个人的结果都不同，留下一些瘦肉和三分之二的人太胖。A. changes变化；B. outcomes结果；C. profits利润；D. addicts成瘾者。根据前文“Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome—the unique microbe (微生的)combinations in our body”可知，不同的食物选择，基因和环境及微生物产生的微生物组合的结果是不一样的，故选B项。 150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特希望进一步探索，这可能使我们能够阻止全球肥胖趋势，以及我们今年目睹的所有风险。A. start开始；B. analyze分析；C. stop阻止；D. reflect反思。根据空后“the global trend to obesity”可知，斯佩克特想进步一的进行研究，以阻止全球的肥胖趋势。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$