专题02 词汇填空题（精选名校试卷15篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题02 词汇填空题精选15篇 （原题版） 01 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．contact  B．serve   C． weakening  D．form  E. consciously  F. swell G. leisurely  H. proportion  I. randomly  J. grasp  K. normal Why do fingers get wrinkly after a long bath or swim? We know skin wrinkles as you get older or when you pinch it between two fingers. But it’s been somewhat of a mystery why skin gets wrinkly and even sometimes changes color after you take a 1 bath or spend too long in the swimming pool. Often people assume that these wrinkles form because the skin absorbs water, which makes it 2 up and buckle. To be honest, I did too for a long time. But researchers back in the 1930s discovered that in people with nerve damage in their fingers, the post-bath wrinkles didn’t 3 . Wrinkly fingers can’t just be due to water absorption then, or this would be a universal phenomenon, no matter how well your nerves are or aren’t working. To explain what is happening, first you need to know a bit about the autonomic nervous system – the involuntary part of how your body works. Functions like breathing, blinking, your heart pumping or your pupils constricting in the sun all happen without your needing to 4 control them, thanks to the autonomic nervous system. It also automatically controls the expansion and contraction of your blood vessels. This contraction of your blood vessels is also what causes the skin to wrinkle after a lengthy swim. When your hands and feet come into 5 with water for more than a few minutes, the sweat ducts (汗腺管) in your skin open, allowing water to flow into the skin tissue. This added water decreases the 6 of salt inside the skin. Nerve fibers send a message about lower salt levels to your brain, and the autonomic nervous system responds by constricting the blood vessels. When tiny blood vessels inside the skin contract, they pull the skin’s surface down, forming the wrinkles you see after a long bath. But does this skin wrinkling-when-wet 7 any purpose? Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin. Better grip lets you 8 objects more firmly. It makes walking along an underwater surface easier, with less likelihood of slipping. Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break, but this 9 can take weeks to occur. Just don’t stay in the swimming pool too long and your pruney digits will go back to 10 once you’ve dried off. 02 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市格致中学2023-024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. 03 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市六校2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联合调研英语试题 A． shifting      B．look     C． affordable       D．recovery      E. negative      F. associated    G destinations     H. response       I. recycling     J. prior     K. investigated Birth Rates and Home Values: A Closer Look Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Doesn’t 21 research show a positive relationship between home value gains and higher fertility? In a recent research brief, Zillow has brought attention to the surprising continued decline of Americans’ birth rates, despite the strong economic 22 since 2012. The post triggered a number of follow-up questions on social media and elsewhere. Zillow Research also published a new 23 at Census and Zillow data that the decisions to move and to have kids are twisted for many people. Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Yes, but what the first research brief 24 is not the cross-sectional correlation of birth rates and home values, but the percentage changes in each variable after the economy declines. Today, cities like New York are known as 25 for highly-educated young people who may be more likely to delay starting families. The new finding is that counties that already had low birth rates for young adults in 2010 saw their birth rates fall further, and the degree to which they did was correlated with the degree to which their home values rose. One way to explain both these facts is that some people are 26 toward very expensive housing markets requiring high-pay careers with belated or reduced childbearing, while others prefer housing markets where it is more 27 to have children and buy a house big enough for the whole family. In that background, people moving to more affordable areas will have more children and those in less affordable areas will have fewer. What about prior research that shows a positive correlation between growth in home values and fertility? While the 28 cross-sectional relationship was well-known, previous research actually showed a positive relationship between changes in home prices and birth rates. Arecent article on the subject by economists Lisa J. Dettling and Melissa S. Kearney found that a $10,000 home value increase was 29 with a 0.8 percent increase in fertility. This originated from their subtler findings that non-homeowners have fewer babies in 30 to higher prices, while existing homeowners raise their birth rates. Their estimates found a turning point: when homeownership is below about 32.4 percent, rising home values do, in fact, reduce birth rates. In other words, falling births reacting to rise home values would now be consistent with Dettling and Kearney’s findings. 04 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．elevating         B．context        C． implications         D．vitality        E. afraid F. deep-rooted       G. routine        H. running          I. interpreted       J. altered     K. frozen Unlocking the Secrets of Your Night Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. There is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly 31 —and that is a big “if”—we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative 32 . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday 33 . It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is 34 of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent feelings of inferiority, which the dreamer attempts to get rid of by literally and physically 35 themselves above others. Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. It doesn’t matter how fast I go. I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and 36 , it can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By 37 hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible explanation is that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped. Trapped in my own bed. This symbol is associated with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot; 38 in’ a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent 39 for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a(n) 40 fear of losing a job and a livelihood. 05 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．academic   B．bell    C． prioritize   D．compromise   E. equation   F. neglect   G. immovable   H. flexible   I. light-emitting    J. respect     K. enrichment Teenagers are some of the most sleep-deprived people in the U.S. On average, teens do not get enough sleep, and more important, they do not get enough quality sleep, researchers say. We could blame cell phones and other 41 technologies for keeping kids up at night, but late nights are just part of the 42 . In addition to technology, one fairly indisputable factor contributes to this collective sleepiness: school start times. Over decades researchers have amassed evidence showing that pushing back the first 43 of middle and high school would benefit the physical, mental and emotional health of older children, not to mention their 44 performance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, along with several medical societies, has embraced later start times. Some school districts, as well as the state of California, have already shown 45 for that evidence with new start times. Yet far too many school districts are reluctant to make the change, whether for logistical, financial or cultural reasons. This is unfair to teens. A generation of students is playing catchup from COVID, and we need to 46 their health and wellness by pushing back the start of the school day. Honoring their biological and social needs will create more resilient adults. Despite decades of research, thousands of publications and clear science, schools in only a few states and the District of Columbia have pushed their start times to 8:30. A．M. on average, which researchers say is a/an 47 — a better time would be closer to 9 A．M. The path to delayed school start times is riddled with potholes (坑洼). Bus schedules have to change. After-school sports and 48 programs might have to begin later. A delayed school start could also mean adults with less 49 work schedules are late for work. Access to education is a basic right in the U.S. But it’s time to stop thinking of school start times as 50 mountains. For decades we’ve ignored the overwhelming evidence that delayed start times help teens succeed. Let teenagers sleep. There is nothing “woke” about that. 06 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 A． available B．carried C． exploring D．Introduced E. management F. nasty G. packed H. quality I. reduction J. signal K. visit After-school tutoring to change course under new regulations Zhong Kaitong, a fourth-grade pupil at a primary school in Guangzhou, enjoys a much more energetic summer vacation this year. Instead of English or mathematics courses she used to attend, her vacation is 51 with fun and laughter, playing badminton and basketball in the playground. Chinese authorities have in recent months 52 out a series of strict regulations to deal with after-school training and ease the burden on primary and middle school students. In late May, authorities ordered the comprehensive 53 of off-campus training institutions and a tougher crackdown on unqualified operations, false advertising, and so on. Last month, central authorities 54 a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework and off-campus tutoring for young students. It details requirements in areas such as the 55 of homework and improving quality of education and after-class services provided by schools. A(n) 56 to several training centers around a primary school in Shenyang, found empty classrooms. Such tutoring has been suspended for about a week and will not be 57 for the whole summer vacation, they say. Some tutoring institutions are actively seeking transformation under the new guidelines. A manager in charge of one major tutoring company says 70 percent of their business has been affected, and that they are 58 new service areas to adapt to the new policy. All these moves have sent a very clear 59 to bring education back as a public welfare, and guide the educational training industry to develop in a direction of improving students’ comprehensive 60 , says Chen Xianzhe, a professor at South China Normal University. 07 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上师大附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 A． acknowledging B．discouraged C．drain D．identify E. negative F. referring G. occurred H. pin I. refresh J. specific K. ultimately Make a Wish List Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often, people make their resolutions 61 — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk” — and then feel unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to 62 your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel 63 , which is a rubbish way to start the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to. So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharpener”. The main thing is that at some point it has 64 to you as something that you would like to do. The key here is — write it down. Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with 65 what you would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t, I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down. It helps to be 66 , so rather than “Get outdoors”, 67 a place you would like to visit. And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and 68 it. Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do. Remember to 69 them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished. You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and 70 to them. 08 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市洋泾中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．literally      B．innovations      C． eventually       D．professional       E. examine F. features       G. barrier       H. mean       I. please       J. impressive       K. well-positioned The Best Company to Work For Every year, Fortune magazine publishes a list of the “100 Best Companies to Work For”. Howdoes the magazine choose the companies? Firstly, it uses a survey: 350 employees answer 57 questions about their company. Secondly, Fortune looks at important 71 of companies: for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine must 72   the results to find its Top 100. Wegmans Food Markets, which ranks No. 1 on the list, has a motto (座右铭) , “Employees first, customers second”, and it is also one of the 50 largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of $3. 6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no 73 to making money. How much of Wegmans’ success is due to the company’s policies? “Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us,” says one employee. “On the other hand, no company gets rich just by not being 74 to its employees. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and it’s 75 within the community. I’ve been here for 15 years. Looking back, I’d say that the company’s 76 for customers’ benefits, such as the Shoppers’ Club electronic discount programme in the 1990s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff.” But the employee benefits are 77 . Fundamentally, Wegmans believes in 78 development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. She 79 started selling the cookies in Wegmans. ‘I just asked the manager,’ she says. ‘While looking back, I think I should have asked earlier. I could have made more money!’ The staff’s freedom to make decisions is another thing you won’t find everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to 80 the customers. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer because the woman’s turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven. 09 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市徐汇中学2022-2023学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 A．personal     B．insecurities     C． moments    D．admit    E. follow    F. good        G. grow        H. issues    I. right    J. crucial    K. activities How I Tricked Myself into Enjoying Healthier Foods and Exercise Most of us would like to think that when we reach a certain age or point in our careers, we automatically evolve past the point of worrying about our appearance. Body image and self-confidence, or our lack of confidence, is something that we never really talk about for fear of drawing attention to our 81 . But the truth is that our body image issues affect us more than we’d like to 82 . Over the last eight years I’ve worked hard to 83 my business. My main focus has been my work—writing books, creating products, launching products, growing my team—and I’ve dedicated long hours to my company’s success. My diligence has definitely paid off and my business is thriving, but all of that hustling has come at a(n) 84 cost. I’ve spent long hours at the computer and little time exercising or eating 85 . I tried to ignore it and I told myself that no one noticed, but my weight steadily crept up. As a result, my confidence slowly decreased, and I retreated from the 86 —both personal and professional—that I loved. I stopped going out with friends, stopped sharing photos of myself on social media and avoided media interviews. Even if I didn’t want to admit it, I knew that the underlying problem was that I just didn’t feel 87 about myself. I had to make a change. I started by getting clear about my goals, which included getting into the best shape of my life, changing the way I ate and running a 10K on my 40th birthday. But more importantly, I got honest with myself about why those goals were so 88 and then I asked the people that I trust the most to hold me accountable. From there, I had to make the daily decision to 89 through. It wasn’t easy. In fact, there were many 90 that were downright painful. But I’m succeeding, and I’m happy to see that I’ve made changes and am now leading a healthier life. 10 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试题 A．alternative        B．capacity        C． characteristic        D．extinct        E. exclude        F. identity G. increasingly    H. interacting        I. measuring            J. narrative        K. restore The earliest storytellers A stunning cave painting discovered in Indonesia may be the earliest evidence of storytelling. The artwork is at least 43,900 years old, and shows that humans were depicting scenes tens of thousands of years earlier than previously thought. The painting is a 4.5-metre-wide hunting scene, discovered by Maxime Aubert of Griffith University, Australia and his colleagues. It depicts at least eight small human-like figures hunting two pigs and four dwarf buffaloes with spears or ropes. “It’s a(n) 91 scene,” says Aubert. He and his colleagues calculated the painting’s age by 92 the levels of uranium (铀) in stone layers that cover the images. At 43,900 years old, it could be the oldest figurative cave painting that has yet been found although we don't know what type of human made them. Until this discovery, the oldest known artworks depicting visual “stories”, with humans and animals 93 in a recognizable scene, dated from around 20,000 years ago and was found in Europe, such as the famous Lascaux paintings in France. “Now we show that at least 44,000 years ago, in South-East Asia, humans were telling stories and they were depicting them in rock art,” says Aubert. “It’s really an exciting discovery,” says Genevieve von Petzinger at the University of Victoria, Canada, “It shows a (n) 94 timeline of how art developed. When you get a scene like this one, it opens the door a little further." The human-like figures appear to have animal 95 .” They are half human, half animal. The oldest previously known example was the Lion Man statue. Carved around 40,000 years ago, it combines a lion's head and human body. Until now, it was the earliest evidence of the ability of humans to depict things that don’t exist in nature-a(n) 96 linked to imagination and spirituality. “Now it seems the same thing was happening in South-East Asia, but even earlier,” says Aubert. The cave painting gives us a glimpse into the minds of the people who created the Indonesian art, but we don’t yet know whether they were modern humans or one of our 97 cousins. The team hasn't found human remains in the Sulawesi cave, says Aubert, so it isn't possible to be sure of the 98 of the artists. One possible group is the Denisovans, who may also have lived in Asia at this time. Earlier this year, while studying a site in China thought to have been home to Denisovans, a team of researchers revealed artistic engravings on a piece of bone. “We can’t completely 99 Denisovans or another species,” says Aubert of the Indonesian cave art, “There were probably at least two other species that lived in this region at the same time as modern humans.” The discovery comes as archaeologists 100 turn their attentions towards Asia. “People should stay tuned to Asia,” says von Petzinger, “In the next decade there will be many exciting announcements coming from this part of the world.” 11 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．dash   B．literally   C． complex   D．locally   E. intangible   F. superior G. array   H. crafted   I. modified   J. launched   K. personalized As pandemic measures persist, vacationing locally remains a main option for holiday “Tailor-made trips", “staycation” and “cultural tours” have become the buzzwords describing the domestic tourism market during the recent National Day holiday, which ran from Oct 1 through Friday. On an online platform for travel customization, a user can book a 101 itinerary with a click of a button after providing information such as place of departure, destination, travel dates and number of travelers, Xinhua News Agency reported. “The tour customization specialist who received my order 102 a travel plan for me according to my specifications in terms of food, accommodation, transport and recreational activities,” a tourist from the eastern city of Qingdao told Xinhua. “A dedicated driver and guide were assigned to us, and any details could be 103 at my request.” Dai Xuefeng, director of the division for tourism and leisure at the National Academy of Economic Strategy from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Xinhua: “Bespoke holidays are an inevitable result of the development of the tourism industry and of economic growth.” Vacationing 104 remains a main option as COVID-19 precautions continue. In the week leading up to the holiday, on-demand services platform Meituan saw searches for “local tours” and “suburban attractions” surge by 440 percent week-on-week. Suburban attractions in Beijing, such as Universal Beijing Resort and Beijing Wtown, were among the popular choices for local residents, Xinhua reported. In the Central China province of Hubei, rural tours, fruit and vegetable picking experiences, and camping trips emerged as the top options. They were expected to take in more than 60 percent of the province’s tourist spending during the holiday week, according to Xinhua. Zhou Qiao, a resident of Hubei’s Yichang city who vacationed at the local Bailihuang scenic area during the holiday, told Xinhua: “We booked tents in advance and took our family here to experience the wonder of watching the sunrise in the morning and counting the stars in the evening. My children loved the experience very much.” The wide 105 of cultural events and destinations in cities drew huge numbers of urban residents during the holiday week. Historical architectural 106 Sanfang Qixiang, which 107 means “three lanes and seven alleys”, in Fuzhou, East China’s Fujian province, entertained tourists with 108 cultural heritage-themed talent shows and Yueju Opera performances, among others. In Shanghai, many museums 109 exhibitions, cultural activities, as well as night tours to add a(n) 110 of culture to the holiday fun, said China Central Television. Li Xinjian, a professor at Beijing International Studies University’s School of Tourism Sciences, told Xinhua that the integration of culture and tourism highlights the cultural experiences in tourist trips, and tailor-made tours offer in-depth cultural experiences that large group tours are unable to provide. 12 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市浦东新区华师大二附中2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．timidity  B．refused    C． set      D．episode     E. effect     F. suffered G. amazed    H. educational     I. brief     J. unteachable    K. performed An Experiment in Education The best programme on TV last night was the first episode of a new series about education, and it was 111 on a farm. But this farm is not for animals it’s for children. The farm has been converted into a school for one class of difficult students. And it’s the job of one man to try and teach these students something in the two weeks they are there. The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once. Their previous teachers said that they were “ 112 ” and judging by their behavior in the programme last night, it isn’t hard to see why. The teacher who has to deal with this class is 40-year-old Philip Beadle. Before working in education, Mr. Beadle played in a rock band. He gave up music eight years ago to become teacher. At his first school, he helped students who 113 learning difficulties to get the best English marks the school had ever seen. As a result, he was made Schoolteacher of the Year. In the programme last night, we saw the students have their first lesson with Mr. Beadle. He started by playing a game, where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person. This might not sound very 114 but it caught everyone’s attention. After that Mr. Beadle took his class outside for an English lesson. At their previous schools, most of these students 115 to read in front of their classmates, so Mr. Beadle took them to a filed to read to some cows to overcome 116 . Each student read a(n) 117 quote from a Shakespeare play to them and the students seemed to enjoy it. In the next scene, Mr. Beadle took them to another field to teach them basic punctuation. He did this through another game where he asked the students to jump around clap their hands and shout. “question mark!” and “semicolon!” Everyone seemed to enjoy this strange way of learning. By the end of the 118 the students were indeed starting to accept their new teacher. Some of them even said he was “all right”. I really enjoyed this show because the teacher had such a positive 119 on the students. If, like me, you are 120 by this experiment in education, you will want to the whole series. Personally, I can’t wait to see what happens next! 13 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市市西中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．assistance  B．hit  C． hopelessness  D．need  E. ordered  F. pressure G. shared  H. signal  I. starving  J. active  K. unity The White Flag: An Old Symbol Take on a New Meaning Raising a plain white flag has historically been considered a symbol of surrender (投降). But recently, in Malaysia, the white flag has taken on a new meaning. In July 2021, a social media movement encouraged people who had trouble making ends meet to use a white flag to 121 for help. This was the beginning of the white flag movement. Like most countries, Malaysia has been 122 hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a government- 123 lockdown on June 1, many people couldn’t find work. The local news began reporting stories of people who were living on a single meal a day. The 124 of lockdown also led to an increase in mental health problems. But 125 was on the way. In July, a businesswoman made a post online that encouraged Malaysians who needed aid to raise a white flag outside their house. The post was 126 over 20,000 times in 24 hours. People made Facebook groups and started posting photos of groceries that they could donate as well as addresses of those in 127 . The movement quickly gained attention. When 20 white flags were raised in a fishing village, the local fire department provided food and supplies. A grocery store chain even asked people to report white flag so it could send food to 128 families. The white flag movement shows that even in the face of 129 , people will help each other out. In Malaysia, the white flag is no longer a symbol of surrender: it now stands for 130 . 14 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 A．replace    B．seeking    C． employ    D．investing    E. specifically        F. inevitable G. negatively        H. alternative        I. artificial    J. product        K. regulations Animal Testing Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. Although FDA has never 131 required the use of animals in testing cosmetics for safety, animal testing is often used to establish product safety by manufacturers 132 to launch new products. In some cases, after considering potential alternatives, companies may still determine that animal testing is necessary to ensure the safety of a(n) 133 or ingredient. FDA also supports and sticks to the applicable laws, 134 and policies governing animal testing. Moreover, in all cases where animal testing is used, FDA advocates that research and testing should get the maximum amount of useful scientific information from the minimum use of animals, and 135 the most humane (人道主义) methods available within the limits of scientific capability. Animal testing seems 136 in the current cosmetic industry, but many people believe that prior to the use of animals, consideration should be given to the use of scientifically valid (有效的) 137 methods to whole-animal testing. Actually, in the late 1990, FDA joined with other thirteen federal agencies in finding possible ways to 138 animals in tests. FDA has been supporting the development and use of alternatives to whole-animal testing and thus has been 139 considerable amounts of money into research on animal substitutes. Besides American scientists scientists in other countries are making efforts swell. Scottish University are now trying to create the world’s first 140 human liver for drug testing so as to dramatically cut the number of live animals used and get life-saving medicines into the clinic faster. 15 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．associated    B．dominant     C． frequent     D．implications    E. inferiority F. interpreted    G. physically    H. predicted    I. potentially     J. seconds    K. vitality Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from five to 20 minutes. These is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly 141 — and that is a big “if” — we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they 142 symbolize. Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces. laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative 143 . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent a(n) 144 complex, which the dreamer attempts to escape from by literally and 145 putting themselves up above others. Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and 146 like the first one, it too can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the 147 emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped, trapped in my own bed. This symbol is 148 with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the 149 go by. Another 150 context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated fear of losing a job and a livelihood. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题02 词汇填空题精选15篇 （解析版） 01 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．contact  B．serve   C． weakening  D．form  E. consciously  F. swell G. leisurely  H. proportion  I. randomly  J. grasp  K. normal Why do fingers get wrinkly after a long bath or swim? We know skin wrinkles as you get older or when you pinch it between two fingers. But it’s been somewhat of a mystery why skin gets wrinkly and even sometimes changes color after you take a 1 bath or spend too long in the swimming pool. Often people assume that these wrinkles form because the skin absorbs water, which makes it 2 up and buckle. To be honest, I did too for a long time. But researchers back in the 1930s discovered that in people with nerve damage in their fingers, the post-bath wrinkles didn’t 3 . Wrinkly fingers can’t just be due to water absorption then, or this would be a universal phenomenon, no matter how well your nerves are or aren’t working. To explain what is happening, first you need to know a bit about the autonomic nervous system – the involuntary part of how your body works. Functions like breathing, blinking, your heart pumping or your pupils constricting in the sun all happen without your needing to 4 control them, thanks to the autonomic nervous system. It also automatically controls the expansion and contraction of your blood vessels. This contraction of your blood vessels is also what causes the skin to wrinkle after a lengthy swim. When your hands and feet come into 5 with water for more than a few minutes, the sweat ducts (汗腺管) in your skin open, allowing water to flow into the skin tissue. This added water decreases the 6 of salt inside the skin. Nerve fibers send a message about lower salt levels to your brain, and the autonomic nervous system responds by constricting the blood vessels. When tiny blood vessels inside the skin contract, they pull the skin’s surface down, forming the wrinkles you see after a long bath. But does this skin wrinkling-when-wet 7 any purpose? Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin. Better grip lets you 8 objects more firmly. It makes walking along an underwater surface easier, with less likelihood of slipping. Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break, but this 9 can take weeks to occur. Just don’t stay in the swimming pool too long and your pruney digits will go back to 10 once you’ve dried off. 【答案】 1．leisurely 2．swell 3．form 4．consciously 5．contact 6．proportion 7．serve 8．grasp 9．weakening 10．normal 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么长时间泡澡或游泳后手指会起皱，并揭示了这一现象背后的生理原理。 1．考查形容词。句意：但为什么在你悠闲地洗了个澡或在游泳池里泡了太长时间后，皮肤会起皱纹，甚至有时会变色，这一直是个谜。分析句子结构可知，空格处单词修饰名词bath，结合句意，表示“悠闲的”，用形容词leisurely作定语。故填leisurely。 2．考查动词。句意：人们通常认为这些皱纹的形成是因为皮肤吸收水分，使其膨胀和弯曲。结合常识和上文“the skin absorbs water”可推知，皮肤吸收水分会膨胀，用动词短语swell up作宾语补足语，意为“膨胀”。故填swell。 3．考查动词。句意：但早在20世纪30年代，研究人员就发现，在手指神经受损的人身上，洗完澡后不会形成皱纹。根据上文“But”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，说明手指神经受损的人洗完澡后手指上不会形成皱纹，用动词form作谓语，意为“形成”。故填form。 4．考查副词。句意：呼吸、眨眼、心脏跳动或瞳孔在阳光下收缩等功能都不需要你有意识地控制，这要归功于自主神经系统。根据下文“thanks to the autonomic nervous system”可知，因为这些行为是由自主神经系统控制，所以不需要自己“有意识地”控制它们，用副词consciously作状语。故填consciously。 5．考查名词。句意：当你的手和脚接触水超过几分钟时，你皮肤上的汗管就会打开，让水流入皮肤组织。根据下文“with water for more than a few minutes”可推知，手和脚与水“接触”，用名词contact作宾语。故填contact。 6．考查名词。句意：增加的水分减少了皮肤内盐分的比例。根据上文“allowing water to flow into the skin tissue”可推知，水流入皮肤组织，所以增加的水分减少了皮肤内盐分的“比例”，用名词proportion作宾语。故填proportion。 7．考查动词。句意：但是这种皮肤湿润时起皱的现象有什么作用吗? 下文“Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin.”回答了皮肤湿润时起皱的作用，所以上文问的是“皮肤湿润时起皱的现象有什么作用吗?”，用动词serve作谓语，意为“对……有用”。故填serve。 8．考查动词。句意：更好的抓地力让你更牢固地抓住物体。根据上文“wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin”可推知，起皱的皮肤让你能更紧地抓住物体，用动词grasp作宾语补足语。故填grasp。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间浸泡在水中会使皮肤更容易破裂，但这种变弱可能需要几周的时间才能发生。上文“Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break”提出长时间浸泡在水中会使皮肤更容易破裂，这是一种皮肤的“弱化”，用动名词weakening作主语。故填weakening。 10．考查名词。句意：只是不要在游泳池里呆太久，一旦干了，你像梅干一样的手指就会恢复正常。根据下文“once you’ve dried off”可知，皮肤干了后手指就会恢复正常，用名词normal作宾语。故填normal。 02 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市格致中学2023-024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. 【答案】 11．C 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．H 16．E 17．A 18．J 19．L 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了攀岩运动在美国和其他地方越来越受欢迎。 11．考查名词。句意：今年6月，他成功地爬上了900米高的垂直岩壁，在岩壁的边缘勉强够指尖触碰。根据句意“指尖”可知，此处为名词fingertip，作介词for的宾语，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故选C。 12．考查动词。句意：Honnold承受不起任何疏忽。根据句意“负担得起”可知，此处为动词afford，位于情态动词could后面，使用动词原形。故选D。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他掉下去，没有绳子保护他。根据句意“保护”可知，此处为动词secure，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选F。 14．考查名词。句意：经过四个小时的力量和精确度的展示，这位31岁的男子安全地挑战了自己。根据句意“展示”可知，此处为名词display，位于介词after之后，需用名词作宾语。故选G。 15．考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan之前也有过无合伙人攀登的经历，包括霍诺德，但从来没有像他这样。根据句意“无伴的”可知，此处为形容词partnerless。故选H。 16．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。根据句意“最纯粹的”可知，此处为固定搭配at its purest。故选E。 17．考查动词时态语态。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配得上同伴们的称赞。根据句意“匹配”可知，此处为动词match，Praise和match为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词matched。故选A。 18．考查形容词最高级。2015年，另外两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔格森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条攀登黎明墙的路线，这是EI Capitan最光秃秃的部分。根据句意“最光秃秃的”可知，此处为形容词最高级blankest，作定语，修饰名词part。故选J。 19．考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩被正式纳入2020年东京奥运会项目。根据句意“正式地”可知，此处为副词officially，作状语修饰动词短语was accepted into。故选L。 20．考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，攀岩馆在全球范围内出现，使这项运动更安全，更容易为普通人所接受。根据句意“对……可接触的”可知，此处为固定短语accessible to。故选B。 03 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市六校2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联合调研英语试题 A． shifting      B．look     C． affordable       D．recovery      E. negative      F. associated    G destinations     H. response       I. recycling     J. prior     K. investigated Birth Rates and Home Values: A Closer Look Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Doesn’t 21 research show a positive relationship between home value gains and higher fertility? In a recent research brief, Zillow has brought attention to the surprising continued decline of Americans’ birth rates, despite the strong economic 22 since 2012. The post triggered a number of follow-up questions on social media and elsewhere. Zillow Research also published a new 23 at Census and Zillow data that the decisions to move and to have kids are twisted for many people. Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Yes, but what the first research brief 24 is not the cross-sectional correlation of birth rates and home values, but the percentage changes in each variable after the economy declines. Today, cities like New York are known as 25 for highly-educated young people who may be more likely to delay starting families. The new finding is that counties that already had low birth rates for young adults in 2010 saw their birth rates fall further, and the degree to which they did was correlated with the degree to which their home values rose. One way to explain both these facts is that some people are 26 toward very expensive housing markets requiring high-pay careers with belated or reduced childbearing, while others prefer housing markets where it is more 27 to have children and buy a house big enough for the whole family. In that background, people moving to more affordable areas will have more children and those in less affordable areas will have fewer. What about prior research that shows a positive correlation between growth in home values and fertility? While the 28 cross-sectional relationship was well-known, previous research actually showed a positive relationship between changes in home prices and birth rates. Arecent article on the subject by economists Lisa J. Dettling and Melissa S. Kearney found that a $10,000 home value increase was 29 with a 0.8 percent increase in fertility. This originated from their subtler findings that non-homeowners have fewer babies in 30 to higher prices, while existing homeowners raise their birth rates. Their estimates found a turning point: when homeownership is below about 32.4 percent, rising home values do, in fact, reduce birth rates. In other words, falling births reacting to rise home values would now be consistent with Dettling and Kearney’s findings. 【答案】 21．J 22．D 23．B 24．K 25．G 26．A 27．C 28．E 29．F 30．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了住在物价高的地方的人和孩子出生率之间的关系。 21．考查形容词。句意：之前的研究难道没有显示房价上涨和更高的生育率之间存在正相关吗？结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“之前的”，故用形容词prior，作定语，修饰后面的名词research。故选J。 22．考查名词。句意：在最近的一份研究简报中，Zillow提请人们注意，尽管自2012年以来美国经济强劲复苏，但美国出生率仍在惊人地持续下降。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“复苏”，故用不可数名词recovery，作介词despite的宾语。故选D。 23．考查名词。句意：zillow研究还发表了对人口普查和zillow数据的新看法，该看法表明，对许多人来说，搬家和生孩子的决定是扭曲的。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“看法”，故用名词look，根据空前的不定冠词a可知，本空用单数形式。故选B。 24．考查动词。句意：是的，但第一份研究简报调查的不是出生率和房屋价值的横断面相关性，而是经济衰退后每个变量的百分比变化。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“调查”，故用动词investigate，结合句意可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故用过去式investigated。故选K。 25．考查名词。句意：如今，像纽约这样的城市被认为是受过高等教育的年轻人的目的地，他们可能更有可能推迟成家。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“目的地”，故用名词destination，根据主语cities可知，用复数形式destinations。故选G。 26．考查动词。句意：对这两个事实的一种解释是，一些人正转向非常昂贵的住房市场，这些市场需要高薪的职业，而推迟或减少生育，而另一些人则更喜欢那些更能负担得起生孩子和买一套足够全家人住的大房子的住房市场。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“转移，变换”，故用动词shift，结合空前的系动词are可知，本句用现在进行时，故填shifting。故选A。 27．考查形容词。句意：对这两个事实的一种解释是，一些人正转向非常昂贵的住房市场，这些市场需要高薪的职业，而推迟或减少生育，而另一些人则更喜欢那些更能负担得起生孩子和买一套足够全家人住的大房子的住房市场。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“负担得起”，故用形容词affordable，作表语。故选C。 28．考查形容词。句意：虽然负的横截面关系众所周知，但之前的研究实际上显示了房价变化与出生率之间的正相关关系。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“负面的，消极的”，故用形容词negative，作定语，修饰后面的名词cross-sectional relationship。故选E。 29．考查形容词。句意：经济学家Lisa J. Dettling和Melissa S. Kearney最近发表的一篇关于这一主题的文章发现，房屋价值每增加1万美元，生育率就会增加0.8%。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“与……相联系”，故用形容词associated。be associated with“与……相联系”为固定短语。故选F。 30．考查名词。句意：这源于他们更微妙的发现，即房价上涨时，非房主的婴儿数量会减少，而现有房主的出生率会提高。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“作为回应，作为对……的反应”，故用名词response。in response to sth.“作为回应，作为对……的反应”为固定短语。故选H。 04 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．elevating         B．context        C． implications         D．vitality        E. afraid F. deep-rooted       G. routine        H. running          I. interpreted       J. altered     K. frozen Unlocking the Secrets of Your Night Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. There is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly 31 —and that is a big “if”—we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative 32 . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday 33 . It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is 34 of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent feelings of inferiority, which the dreamer attempts to get rid of by literally and physically 35 themselves above others. Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. It doesn’t matter how fast I go. I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and 36 , it can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By 37 hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible explanation is that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped. Trapped in my own bed. This symbol is associated with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot; 38 in’ a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent 39 for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a(n) 40 fear of losing a job and a livelihood. 【答案】 31．I 32．C 33．G 34．E 35．A 36．D 37．H 38．K 39．B 40．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要解读了三种常见的梦的含义。 31．考查动词。句意：如果它们能被正确地解释——这是一个很大的“如果”——我们就能更好地了解自己。根据下文“Here, we look at three common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.”可知，下文是解释梦的含义，所以此处指“如果梦能被正确地解读”，动词interpret，解释，符合语境，结合“can be”可知，此处需填过去分词形式interpreted。故选I。 32．考查名词。句意：这个梦既有积极的含义，也有消极的含义。根据下文“On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday 　　3　　”可知，此处在解释梦的含义，C项implications“含义，暗示”符合语境，在句中作宾语。故选C。 33．考查名词。句意：从积极的方面来看，这个梦可能表达了一种强烈的旅行欲望，摆脱日常生活常规的束缚。根据“the dream may express a strong desire to travel”可知，此处指想要摆脱日常生活常规的束缚。routine，常规，名词作宾语。故选G。 34．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，这个梦可能意味着这个人有问题或害怕某事，他们希望逃避。根据“this dream can mean the person has a problem”可知，此处表示害怕某事，空处需填形容词作表语，be afraid of为固定搭配，意为“害怕”。故选E。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个梦可能代表着自卑感，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上抬高自己来摆脱这种自卑感。根据“The dream could represent feelings of inferiority”可知，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上抬高自己来摆脱这种自卑感，elevate，动词，抬高，介词by后面接动名词作宾语。故选A。 36．考查名词。句意：虽然这是健康和活力的传统象征，但它可能暗示梦者正在试图逃离危险。根据上文“I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. It doesn’t matter how fast I go. I still can’t escape.”可知，这样的梦是健康和活力的传统象征，空处和名词“health”并列，vitality，活力，名词。故选D。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过努力奔跑，做梦的人可能会逃离威胁。根据“the dreamer can possibly escape the threat.”可知，努力奔跑，可能会逃离威胁，run，动词，跑，位于介词by后面，需用动名词running，作宾语。故选H。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被困在一个可怕的环境中，无处可逃，随着时间的流逝，他们变得越来越害怕。根据“They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot”可知，此处表示停止在一个可怕的环境中，freeze，动词，（因害怕）停住不动，they和freeze为被动关系，需用过去分词形式作状语。故选K。 39．考查名词。句意：这种梦的另一个常见情境是在公共场合做某事失败，通常是你通常非常擅长的事情，比如你的工作。根据“failing to do something in public”可知，此处描述的是一个情境，context，情境，名词作主语。故选B。 40．考查形容词。句意：这不仅非常尴尬，而且还显示出对失去工作和生计的根深蒂固的恐惧。根据“fear of losing a job and a livelihood”可知，对失去工作和生计的根深蒂固的恐惧，deep-rooted，根深蒂固的，形容词作定语，修饰名词fear。故选F。 05 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．academic   B．bell    C． prioritize   D．compromise   E. equation   F. neglect   G. immovable   H. flexible   I. light-emitting    J. respect     K. enrichment Teenagers are some of the most sleep-deprived people in the U.S. On average, teens do not get enough sleep, and more important, they do not get enough quality sleep, researchers say. We could blame cell phones and other 41 technologies for keeping kids up at night, but late nights are just part of the 42 . In addition to technology, one fairly indisputable factor contributes to this collective sleepiness: school start times. Over decades researchers have amassed evidence showing that pushing back the first 43 of middle and high school would benefit the physical, mental and emotional health of older children, not to mention their 44 performance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, along with several medical societies, has embraced later start times. Some school districts, as well as the state of California, have already shown 45 for that evidence with new start times. Yet far too many school districts are reluctant to make the change, whether for logistical, financial or cultural reasons. This is unfair to teens. A generation of students is playing catchup from COVID, and we need to 46 their health and wellness by pushing back the start of the school day. Honoring their biological and social needs will create more resilient adults. Despite decades of research, thousands of publications and clear science, schools in only a few states and the District of Columbia have pushed their start times to 8:30. A．M. on average, which researchers say is a/an 47 — a better time would be closer to 9 A．M. The path to delayed school start times is riddled with potholes (坑洼). Bus schedules have to change. After-school sports and 48 programs might have to begin later. A delayed school start could also mean adults with less 49 work schedules are late for work. Access to education is a basic right in the U.S. But it’s time to stop thinking of school start times as 50 mountains. For decades we’ve ignored the overwhelming evidence that delayed start times help teens succeed. Let teenagers sleep. There is nothing “woke” about that. 【答案】 41．I 42．E 43．B 44．A 45．J 46．C 47．D 48．K 49．H 50．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是尽管多年来有证据表明，推迟上学有利于健康和提高成绩，但很少有学校采取这一措施，所以呼吁推迟上学时间，让青少年好好睡觉。 41．考查形容词。句意：我们可以责怪手机和其他发光技术让孩子们晚上睡不着，但熬夜只是复杂问题的一部分。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词technologies，根据上文中的“We could blame cell phones”可知，此处讲述的是导致孩子晚上不睡觉的原因，所以此处应表示其它的“发光的”技术，应为light-emitting作定语修饰名词technologies。故选I。 42．考查名词。句意：我们可以责怪手机和其他发光技术让孩子们晚上睡不着，但熬夜只是复杂问题的一部分原因。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意以及空前的“late nights are just part of”可知，此处表示“（多种因素的）平衡，综合体；复杂的局面（问题）”应为equation符合句意。故选E项。 43．考查名词。句意：几十年来，研究人员积累的证据表明，推迟初高中的第一个钟声将有利于年龄较大的孩子的身体、心理和情感健康，更不用说他们的学习成绩了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据下文中的“of middle and high school”可知，此处指的是学校的“铃声”应为bell符合语境。故选B项。 44．考查形容词。句意：几十年来，研究人员积累的证据表明，推迟初高中的第一个钟声将有利于年龄较大的孩子的身体、心理和情感健康，更不用说他们的学习成绩了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词performance，根据上文中的“of middle and high school”可知，此处表示的学生的“学业的”表现，应为academic符合语境。故选A项。 45．考查名词。句意：一些学区，以及加利福尼亚州，已经对这一证据表示了尊重，并制定了新的上课时间。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据下文中的“that evidence with new start times”可知，“有了新的上课时间”说明对着一证据表示“尊重”应为respect，show respect for意为“尊重”符合语境。故选J项。 46．考查动词。句意：一代学生正在努力从新冠疫情中恢复过来，我们需要通过推迟上学时间来优先考虑他们的全面健康。分析句子结构可知，此处位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处应使用动词原形，根据下文中的“by pushing back the start of the school day”可知，通过推迟上学时间，应是“优先考虑”他们的健康，所以此处应为prioritize。故选C项。 47．考查名词。句意：尽管进行了数十年的研究，发表了数千篇论文，也有明确的科学依据，但只有少数几个州和哥伦比亚特区的学校将上课时间推迟到了8点半，研究人员说，这是一个折中方案，更合适的时间是接近上午9点。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作表语，根据上文中的“schools in only a few states and the District of Columbia have pushed their start times to 8:30. A.M. on average”可知，有的学校已经把上课时间推迟到了8:30，结合下文中的“a better time would be closer to 9 A.M.”可知，更好地时间是接近上午9点，所以此处表示“折中方案”应为compromise符合语境。故选D项。 48．考查名词。句意：课后运动和丰富课程可能要推迟开始。结合句意可知，此处表示的是“丰富”应为enrichment作定语，enrichment programs意为“丰富课程”。故选K项。 49．考查形容词。句意：推迟开学也可能意味着工作时间不那么灵活的成年人上班迟到。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语，根据“are late for work.”可知，此处表示的是工作时间不那么“灵活的”成年人可能会上班迟到，所以此处应为flexible。故选H项。 50．考查形容词。句意：但现在是时候停止把上学时间当作不可移动的大山了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语，结合句意和下文中的“For decades we’ve ignored the overwhelming evidence that delayed start times help teens succeed.”可知，几十年来，我们忽视了推迟上学时间有助于青少年成功的压倒性证据。由此可知，此处应表示我们应停止把上课时间当作“不可移动的”大山，符合语境，所以此处应为immovable。故选G项。 06 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 A． available B．carried C． exploring D．Introduced E. management F. nasty G. packed H. quality I. reduction J. signal K. visit After-school tutoring to change course under new regulations Zhong Kaitong, a fourth-grade pupil at a primary school in Guangzhou, enjoys a much more energetic summer vacation this year. Instead of English or mathematics courses she used to attend, her vacation is 51 with fun and laughter, playing badminton and basketball in the playground. Chinese authorities have in recent months 52 out a series of strict regulations to deal with after-school training and ease the burden on primary and middle school students. In late May, authorities ordered the comprehensive 53 of off-campus training institutions and a tougher crackdown on unqualified operations, false advertising, and so on. Last month, central authorities 54 a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework and off-campus tutoring for young students. It details requirements in areas such as the 55 of homework and improving quality of education and after-class services provided by schools. A(n) 56 to several training centers around a primary school in Shenyang, found empty classrooms. Such tutoring has been suspended for about a week and will not be 57 for the whole summer vacation, they say. Some tutoring institutions are actively seeking transformation under the new guidelines. A manager in charge of one major tutoring company says 70 percent of their business has been affected, and that they are 58 new service areas to adapt to the new policy. All these moves have sent a very clear 59 to bring education back as a public welfare, and guide the educational training industry to develop in a direction of improving students’ comprehensive 60 , says Chen Xianzhe, a professor at South China Normal University. 【答案】 51．G 52．B 53．E 54．D 55．I 56．K 57．A 58．C 59．J 60．H 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国政府最近出台的一系列严格规定，以减轻中小学生的课外培训负担和课业负担，从而让他们能够享受更轻松愉快的假期。 51．考查形容词。句意：她的假期充满了乐趣和笑声，在操场上打羽毛球和篮球，而不是过去参加的英语或数学课程。根据句中“fun and laughter”可推知，她的假期与以往不同，“充满”了乐趣和笑声；用形容词packed构成短语be packed with，意为“充满……”，符合句意。故选G项。 52．考查动词和时态。句意：近几个月来，中国当局实施了一系列严格的规章制度来处理课后培训，减轻中小学生的负担。根据句中“Chinese authorities”和“a series of strict regulations”可知，当局“实施”了系列规章制度，用动词短语carry out，意为“实施：使（法律、政策等）生效或实施”，句中使用了一般过去时态。故选B项。 53．考查名词。句意：5月下旬，当局下令对校外培训机构进行全面管理，并对不合格经营、虚假广告等行为进行更严厉的打击。根据“authorities”和“off-campus training institutions”的关系可推知，是当局“管理”校外培训机构，用名词management，符合句意。故选E项。 54．考查动词和时态。句意：上个月，中央政府出台了一项指导方针，以减轻年轻学生过多的家庭作业和校外辅导的负担。根据句中“a guideline”可推知，政府“出台”了一项指导方针，用动词introduce，作句子谓语动词，用一般过去时态。故选D项。 55．考查名词。句意：它详细说明了诸如减少家庭作业、提高教育质量和学校提供的课后服务等方面的要求。根据上文“a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework”可推知，这项指导方针会要求“减少”家庭作业，用名词reduction作宾语，符合句意。故选I项。 56．考查名词。句意：记者走访了沈阳一所小学周围的几个培训中心，发现教室空无一人。根据句中“found”可推知，记者走访小学周围的几个培训中心，用名词visit作主语，结合冠词A(n)可知，用单数名词，符合句意。故选K项。 57．考查形容词。句意：他们说，这种辅导已经暂停了大约一个星期，整个暑假都不会提供。根据句中“suspended”可推知，这种培训辅导整个暑假都无法开展，用形容词available，意为“可用的，可获得的”，符合句意。故选A项。 58．考查动词。句意：一家大型家教公司的经理表示，他们70%的业务受到了影响，他们正在探索新的服务领域，以适应新政策。根据句中“70 percent of their business has been affected”和“new service areas”可推知，旧业务受影响，所有需要“探索”新的服务领域，用动词explore，作句子谓语动词，用现在分词构成现在进行时态。故选C项。 59．考查名词。句意：华南师范大学教授陈贤哲表示，所有这些举措都发出了一个非常明确的信号，即让教育回归公益，并引导教育培训行业朝着提高学生综合素质的方向发展。根据空格前冠词a可知，用单数名词作宾语，结合句意，表示“信号”，用名词signal，符合句意。故选J项。 60．考查名词。句意：华南师范大学教授陈贤哲表示，所有这些举措都发出了一个非常明确的信号，即让教育回归公益，并引导教育培训行业朝着提高学生综合素质的方向发展。空格处用名词作宾语，结合句意，表示“素质”，用名词quality；comprehensive quality“综合素质”，符合句意。故选H项。 07 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上师大附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题 A． acknowledging B．discouraged C．drain D．identify E. negative F. referring G. occurred H. pin I. refresh J. specific K. ultimately Make a Wish List Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often, people make their resolutions 61 — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk” — and then feel unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to 62 your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel 63 , which is a rubbish way to start the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to. So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharpener”. The main thing is that at some point it has 64 to you as something that you would like to do. The key here is — write it down. Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with 65 what you would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t, I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down. It helps to be 66 , so rather than “Get outdoors”, 67 a place you would like to visit. And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and 68 it. Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do. Remember to 69 them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished. You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and 70 to them. 【答案】 61．E 62．C 63．B 64．G 65．A 66．J 67．D 68．I 69．H 70．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何列一个愿望清单。 61．考查形容词。句意：但很多时候，人们的决心都是消极的——“我不再吃办公桌上的饼干”——然后就会感到不开心。根据下文““I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel unhappy.”可知，此处指很多时候，人们的决心都是消极的，让人不开心的，应用形容词negative“消极的”，作宾语补足语。故选E。 62．考查动词。句意：在寒冷的一月，你最不需要做的就是与自己进行一系列的斗争，从而进一步消耗你的能量。根据空后“your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself”可知，此处指消耗你的能量，应用动词drain“使（精力、金钱等）耗尽”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选C。 63．考查形容词。句意：如果你打破了一个决心，你会感到气馁，这是一个糟糕的开始。根据空前“And if you break a resolution”和空后“which is a rubbish way to start the year.”及常识可知，这种情况会让你感到气馁，应用形容词discouraged“气馁的”，作表语。故选B。 64．考查动词。句意：最重要的是，在某个时刻，你想到了你想做的事情。根据空后“something that you would like to do”可知，此处指你想到的事情，固定搭配sth. coccur to sb.“某人想到某事”，应用过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。故选G。 65．考查动词。句意：承认你想做什么有什么错呢？根据下文“Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down.”及空前“What is wrong with”可知，此处指承认你想做什么没什么错，应用动词acknowledge“承认”，位于介词之后，应用动名词。故选A。 66．考查形容词。句意：具体一点会有帮助，所以与其“到户外去”，不如确定一个你想去的地方。根据下文“so rather than “Get outdoors”, ____7____ a place you would like to visit”可知，此处指愿望清单上的事情应该是具体的，应用形容词specific“具体的”，作表语。故选J。 67．考查动词。句意：具体一点会有帮助，所以与其“到户外去”，不如确定一个你想去的地方。根据上文“It helps to be ____6____, so rather than “Get outdoors”,”可知，愿望清单应该具体的，而不是笼统的，比如确定一个你想去的地方，此处应用动词identify“确认”祈使句，应用动词原形。故选D。 68．考查动词。句意：仔细思考，润色并更新它。根据上文“And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day.”可知，愿望清单不是一天就能完成的，应该仔细思考，润色并更新它。此处应用动词refresh“更新”，祈使句，应用动词原形。故选I。 69．考查动词。句意：记得把它们钉在看得见的地方；让你自己考虑一下如何完成它们。根据下文“where you can see them”可知，此处指把愿望清单钉在看得见的地方，应用动词pin“钉”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选H。 70．考查动词。句意：你会惊讶地发现，你的许多梦想都可以实现，尽管只是简单地把它们写下来，看看它们。根据上文“Remember to ____9____ them up where you can see them”可知，把愿望清单钉在看得见的地方，应该是经常看看它们，应用动词refer“查阅”，与writing是并列关系，应用动名词，作宾语。故选F。 08 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市洋泾中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．literally      B．innovations      C． eventually       D．professional       E. examine F. features       G. barrier       H. mean       I. please       J. impressive       K. well-positioned The Best Company to Work For Every year, Fortune magazine publishes a list of the “100 Best Companies to Work For”. Howdoes the magazine choose the companies? Firstly, it uses a survey: 350 employees answer 57 questions about their company. Secondly, Fortune looks at important 71 of companies: for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine must 72   the results to find its Top 100. Wegmans Food Markets, which ranks No. 1 on the list, has a motto (座右铭) , “Employees first, customers second”, and it is also one of the 50 largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of $3. 6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no 73 to making money. How much of Wegmans’ success is due to the company’s policies? “Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us,” says one employee. “On the other hand, no company gets rich just by not being 74 to its employees. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and it’s 75 within the community. I’ve been here for 15 years. Looking back, I’d say that the company’s 76 for customers’ benefits, such as the Shoppers’ Club electronic discount programme in the 1990s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff.” But the employee benefits are 77 . Fundamentally, Wegmans believes in 78 development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. She 79 started selling the cookies in Wegmans. ‘I just asked the manager,’ she says. ‘While looking back, I think I should have asked earlier. I could have made more money!’ The staff’s freedom to make decisions is another thing you won’t find everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to 80 the customers. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer because the woman’s turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven. 【答案】 71．F 72．E 73．G 74．H 75．K 76．B 77．J 78．D 79．C 80．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《财富》杂志发布的100家最适合工作的公司。 71．考查名词。句意：其次，《财富》关注公司的重要特征：例如薪酬、福利以及员工与管理层之间的沟通。名词复数features“特征”符合句意，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指，作宾语。故选F。 72．考查动词。句意：最后，该杂志必须对结果进行检查，以选出前100名。动词examine“检查”符合句意，动词原形和情态动词must构成复合谓语。故选E。 73．考查名词。句意：显然，善待员工并不是赚钱的障碍。名词barrier“障碍”符合句意，作表语。故选G。 74．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，没有一家公司仅仅通过对员工不刻薄就能致富。形容词mean“刻薄的，吝啬的”符合句意，作表语。故选H。 75．考查形容词。句意：Wegmans拥有出色的营销策略，并且在社区中定位良好。形容词well-positioned“位置良好的，定位良好的”符合句意，在句中作表语。故选K。 76．考查名词。句意：回顾过去，我想说，公司为客户利益而进行的创新，比如上世纪90年代推出的购物者俱乐部电子折扣计划，与员工利益同样重要。名词复数innovations“创新”符合句意，作主语，和谓语动词have been一致。故选B。 77．考查形容词。句意：但员工福利令人印象深刻。形容词impressive“给人印象深刻的”符合句意，在句中作表语。故选J。 78．考查形容词。句意：从根本上说，Wegmans相信职业发展。形容词professional“职业的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词development。故选D。 79．考查副词。句意：她最终开始用Wegmans卖饼干。副词eventually“最终”符合句意，副词修饰动词。故选C。 80．考查动词。句意：从本质上讲，Wegmans希望它的员工做任何事情来取悦客户。动词please“取悦”符合句意，动词原形和to构成不定式。故选I。 09 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市徐汇中学2022-2023学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 A．personal     B．insecurities     C． moments    D．admit    E. follow    F. good        G. grow        H. issues    I. right    J. crucial    K. activities How I Tricked Myself into Enjoying Healthier Foods and Exercise Most of us would like to think that when we reach a certain age or point in our careers, we automatically evolve past the point of worrying about our appearance. Body image and self-confidence, or our lack of confidence, is something that we never really talk about for fear of drawing attention to our 81 . But the truth is that our body image issues affect us more than we’d like to 82 . Over the last eight years I’ve worked hard to 83 my business. My main focus has been my work—writing books, creating products, launching products, growing my team—and I’ve dedicated long hours to my company’s success. My diligence has definitely paid off and my business is thriving, but all of that hustling has come at a(n) 84 cost. I’ve spent long hours at the computer and little time exercising or eating 85 . I tried to ignore it and I told myself that no one noticed, but my weight steadily crept up. As a result, my confidence slowly decreased, and I retreated from the 86 —both personal and professional—that I loved. I stopped going out with friends, stopped sharing photos of myself on social media and avoided media interviews. Even if I didn’t want to admit it, I knew that the underlying problem was that I just didn’t feel 87 about myself. I had to make a change. I started by getting clear about my goals, which included getting into the best shape of my life, changing the way I ate and running a 10K on my 40th birthday. But more importantly, I got honest with myself about why those goals were so 88 and then I asked the people that I trust the most to hold me accountable. From there, I had to make the daily decision to 89 through. It wasn’t easy. In fact, there were many 90 that were downright painful. But I’m succeeding, and I’m happy to see that I’ve made changes and am now leading a healthier life. 【答案】 81．B 82．D 83．G 84．A 85．I 86．K 87．F 88．J 89．E 90．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者怎样通过改变自己习惯重新过上健康生活。 81．考查名词。句意：身体形象和自信，或者我们缺乏自信，是我们从未真正谈论过的事情，因为害怕引起人们对我们局促不安的关注。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，作介词后宾语，结合下文谈到作者因健康和体型二变得不自信可知insecurity“局促不安”符合题意，可数名词，由our判断用其复数形式。故选B项。 82．考查动词。句意：但事实是，我们的身体形象问题对我们的影响比我们愿意承认的要大。根据would like to do“想要做某事”可知，空格处应为动词原形，admit表“承认”，为动词，符合句意。故选D项。 83．考查动词。句意：在过去的八年里，我一直在努力发展自己的事业。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词原形，与前面to构成不定式作目的状语。根据“My main focus has been my work—writing books, creating products, launching products, growing my team—and I’ve dedicated long hours to my company’s success.”可知，作者一心发展自己的事业，grow “发展”符合句意。故选G项。 84．考查形容词。句意：我的勤奋肯定得到了回报，我的生意蒸蒸日上，但所有这些忙碌都是以个人为代价的。分析句子可知，空格处应为形容词作定语，修饰后面名词cost，根据下文“I’ve spent long hours at the computer and little time exercising or eating”和“but my weight steadily crept up”可知，事业的成功以个人的健康等为代价，personal“个人的”符合句意。故选A项。 85．考查副词。句意：我花了很长时间在电脑前，很少有时间锻炼或正确饮食。分析句子可知，空格处应为副词作状语，修饰前面动词exercise和eat，根据“I’ve spent long hours at the computer”可知，此处也是指不正确的做法，right“正确地”，符合句意。故选I项。 86．考查名词。句意：结果，我的信心慢慢下降，我放弃了我喜欢的活动——无论是个人活动还是职业活动。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词作介词from后宾语，根据下文“I stopped going out with friends, stopped sharing photos of myself on social media and avoided media interviews.”可知，此处指作者放弃了喜欢的个人活动。activity表“活动”，此处有其复数形式表泛指。故选K项。 87．考查形容词。句意：即使我不想承认，我也知道根本的问题是我对自己感觉不好。分析句子可知，空格处应为形容词，作系动词feel后表语，根据下文“I had to make a change. I started by getting clear about my goals, which included getting into the best shape of my life, changing the way I ate and running a 10K on my 40th birthday. ”推知，作者知道根本原因是自己对自己的感觉不好，才想要做出改变，good“好”符合句意。故选F项。 88．考查形容词。句意：但更重要的是，我坦诚地告诉自己，为什么这些目标如此重要，然后我要求我最信任的人让我承担责任。分析句子可知，空格处应为形容词作表语，根据下文“then I asked the people that I trust the most to hold me accountable.”推知作者知道这些目标的重要性。 crucial “重要的”符合句意。故选J项。 89．考查动词。句意：从那时起，我每天都要做决定，坚持到底。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词原形，和前面to 构成不定式，根据上文提到作者置定目标以及下文“and I’m happy to see that I’ve made changes and am now leading a healthier life.”可知，作者决定坚持到底，follow through表“坚持到底”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故选E项。 90．考查名词。句意：事实上，有很多时刻是非常痛苦的。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，作本句的主语， moment表“时刻”，为可数名词，其复数形式为moments ，符合句意。故选C项。 10 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试题 A．alternative        B．capacity        C． characteristic        D．extinct        E. exclude        F. identity G. increasingly    H. interacting        I. measuring            J. narrative        K. restore The earliest storytellers A stunning cave painting discovered in Indonesia may be the earliest evidence of storytelling. The artwork is at least 43,900 years old, and shows that humans were depicting scenes tens of thousands of years earlier than previously thought. The painting is a 4.5-metre-wide hunting scene, discovered by Maxime Aubert of Griffith University, Australia and his colleagues. It depicts at least eight small human-like figures hunting two pigs and four dwarf buffaloes with spears or ropes. “It’s a(n) 91 scene,” says Aubert. He and his colleagues calculated the painting’s age by 92 the levels of uranium (铀) in stone layers that cover the images. At 43,900 years old, it could be the oldest figurative cave painting that has yet been found although we don't know what type of human made them. Until this discovery, the oldest known artworks depicting visual “stories”, with humans and animals 93 in a recognizable scene, dated from around 20,000 years ago and was found in Europe, such as the famous Lascaux paintings in France. “Now we show that at least 44,000 years ago, in South-East Asia, humans were telling stories and they were depicting them in rock art,” says Aubert. “It’s really an exciting discovery,” says Genevieve von Petzinger at the University of Victoria, Canada, “It shows a (n) 94 timeline of how art developed. When you get a scene like this one, it opens the door a little further." The human-like figures appear to have animal 95 .” They are half human, half animal. The oldest previously known example was the Lion Man statue. Carved around 40,000 years ago, it combines a lion's head and human body. Until now, it was the earliest evidence of the ability of humans to depict things that don’t exist in nature-a(n) 96 linked to imagination and spirituality. “Now it seems the same thing was happening in South-East Asia, but even earlier,” says Aubert. The cave painting gives us a glimpse into the minds of the people who created the Indonesian art, but we don’t yet know whether they were modern humans or one of our 97 cousins. The team hasn't found human remains in the Sulawesi cave, says Aubert, so it isn't possible to be sure of the 98 of the artists. One possible group is the Denisovans, who may also have lived in Asia at this time. Earlier this year, while studying a site in China thought to have been home to Denisovans, a team of researchers revealed artistic engravings on a piece of bone. “We can’t completely 99 Denisovans or another species,” says Aubert of the Indonesian cave art, “There were probably at least two other species that lived in this region at the same time as modern humans.” The discovery comes as archaeologists 100 turn their attentions towards Asia. “People should stay tuned to Asia,” says von Petzinger, “In the next decade there will be many exciting announcements coming from this part of the world.” 【答案】 91． J 92． I 93． H 94． A 95． C 96． B 97． D 98． F 99． E 100． G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。考古学家在印度尼西亚发现了至少43900年前的洞穴绘画，表明人类使用绘画描绘场景的证据比之前想象的要早数万年。 91．考查形容词。句意：这是一个叙事场景。根据上文“It depicts at least eight small human-like figures hunting two pigs and four dwarf buffaloes with spears or ropes(它描绘了至少八个人形的小人物用长矛或绳索猎杀两头猪和四头矮水牛)”可知空白处应填表示“叙事的”含义的形容词，应用narrative，故选J。 92．考查非谓语动词。句意：他和他的同事通过测量覆盖图像的岩层中的铀含量来计算这幅画的年代。根据下文“the levels of uranium (铀) in stone layers(岩层中的铀含量)”可知，岩层中的铀含量是测量出来的，空白处应填表示“测量”含义的词，应空白处在介词后面，应填动名词measuring，故选I。 93．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一发现之前，已知最古老的描绘视觉“故事”的艺术品中，有人类和动物在一个可识别的场景中互动的艺术品可以追溯到大约20000年前在欧洲被发现的作品，比如法国著名的拉斯科画作。根据上文“humans and animals(人类和动物)”可知作品中有人和动物，分析待选项，H项“interacting(互动的)”表达的含义符合语境，含义为人和动物互动，此处是with复合结构，humans and animals和动词interact是主动关系，应用现在分词interacting，故选H。 94．考查名词。句意：它展示了艺术发展的另一个时间线。此处应用形容词作定语，根据上文“It’s really an exciting discovery(这真是一个令人兴奋的发现)”以及下文“timeline of how art developed(艺术发展的时间线)”可知这是展示艺术发展的另一条时间线，空白处应填表示“备选的”含义的词，为形容词alternative。故选A。 95．考查名词。句意：这些人形人物似乎具有动物特征。此处应用名词作宾语，根据下文“They are half human, half animal(他们一半是人，一半是动物)”可知，作品中的人形一半是人一半是动物，这些人形有动物的特征，名词characteristic符合语境，故选C。 96．考查名词。句意：到目前为止，这是人类有能力描绘自然界不存在的事物的最早证据，这种能力与想象力和灵性有关。根据上文“it was the earliest evidence of the ability of humans to depict things that don't exist in nature (这是人类有能力描绘自然界不存在的事物的最早证据)”可知，空白处应填表示“能力”含义的名词，应用名词capacity，故选B。 97．考查形容词。句意：洞穴绘画让我们得以一窥创造印尼艺术的人们的思想，但我们还不知道他们是现代人还是我们灭绝的表亲。此处应用形容词作定语，根据上文“modern humans(现代人)”以及表示选择关系的连词or可知，空白处应填表示与“现代的”含义不同的形容词，分析待选项，D项“extinct(灭绝的)”表达的含义符合语境，含义为“灭绝的表亲”，与句子表达的含义一致，故选D。 98．考查名词。句意：奥伯特说，该团队尚未在苏拉威西洞穴中发现人类遗骸，因此无法确定艺术家的身份。此处应用名词作宾语，根据上文“The team hasn't found human remains in the Sulawesi cave(该团队尚未在苏拉威西洞穴中发现人类遗骸)”，可知，该团队因未发现人类遗骸，无法确定艺术家的身份，空白处应填表示“身份”含义的名词，应用identity，故选F。 99．考查动词。句意：我们不能完全排除丹尼索瓦人或其他物种。此处应用动词作谓语，根据下文“There were probably at least two other species that lived in this region at the same time as modern humans(可能至少有另外两个物种与现代人类同时生活在这个地区)”可知，因该地区至少有两个物种与现代人类同时生活在这个地区，科学家无法排除丹尼索瓦人或其他物种的可能性，动词exclude符合语境，由can’t可知，应用动词原形，故选E。 100．考查副词。句意：这一发现正值考古学家越来越多地将注意力转向亚洲之际。根据下文“In the next decade there will be many exciting announcements coming from this part of the world(在接下来的十年里，这一地区将发布许多令人兴奋的公告)”可知，这一地区在接下来的十年里将发布许多令人兴奋的公告，说明科学家们正在越来越多地将注意力转移到亚洲，空白处应填表示“越来越多地”含义的副词，副词increasingly符合语境，故选G。 11 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语试卷 A．dash   B．literally   C． complex   D．locally   E. intangible   F. superior G. array   H. crafted   I. modified   J. launched   K. personalized As pandemic measures persist, vacationing locally remains a main option for holiday “Tailor-made trips", “staycation” and “cultural tours” have become the buzzwords describing the domestic tourism market during the recent National Day holiday, which ran from Oct 1 through Friday. On an online platform for travel customization, a user can book a 101 itinerary with a click of a button after providing information such as place of departure, destination, travel dates and number of travelers, Xinhua News Agency reported. “The tour customization specialist who received my order 102 a travel plan for me according to my specifications in terms of food, accommodation, transport and recreational activities,” a tourist from the eastern city of Qingdao told Xinhua. “A dedicated driver and guide were assigned to us, and any details could be 103 at my request.” Dai Xuefeng, director of the division for tourism and leisure at the National Academy of Economic Strategy from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Xinhua: “Bespoke holidays are an inevitable result of the development of the tourism industry and of economic growth.” Vacationing 104 remains a main option as COVID-19 precautions continue. In the week leading up to the holiday, on-demand services platform Meituan saw searches for “local tours” and “suburban attractions” surge by 440 percent week-on-week. Suburban attractions in Beijing, such as Universal Beijing Resort and Beijing Wtown, were among the popular choices for local residents, Xinhua reported. In the Central China province of Hubei, rural tours, fruit and vegetable picking experiences, and camping trips emerged as the top options. They were expected to take in more than 60 percent of the province’s tourist spending during the holiday week, according to Xinhua. Zhou Qiao, a resident of Hubei’s Yichang city who vacationed at the local Bailihuang scenic area during the holiday, told Xinhua: “We booked tents in advance and took our family here to experience the wonder of watching the sunrise in the morning and counting the stars in the evening. My children loved the experience very much.” The wide 105 of cultural events and destinations in cities drew huge numbers of urban residents during the holiday week. Historical architectural 106 Sanfang Qixiang, which 107 means “three lanes and seven alleys”, in Fuzhou, East China’s Fujian province, entertained tourists with 108 cultural heritage-themed talent shows and Yueju Opera performances, among others. In Shanghai, many museums 109 exhibitions, cultural activities, as well as night tours to add a(n) 110 of culture to the holiday fun, said China Central Television. Li Xinjian, a professor at Beijing International Studies University’s School of Tourism Sciences, told Xinhua that the integration of culture and tourism highlights the cultural experiences in tourist trips, and tailor-made tours offer in-depth cultural experiences that large group tours are unable to provide. 【答案】 101．K 102．H 103．I 104．D 105．G 106．C 107．B 108．E 109．J 110．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一些具体的例子介绍了现在国内旅游市场正在流行的“定制游”、“居家度假”和“文化游”。 101．考查形容词。句意：在一个在线旅游定制平台上，用户在提供如出发地点、目的地、旅行日期和游客人数等信息后，只需点击一个按钮就可以预订个性化的行程。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词，作定语修饰“itinerary”；根据“travel customization”及第二段的“according to my specifications”和“at my request”可知，这是根据用户的个人要求定制的有个性化的行程，应用personalized。故选K。 102．考查动词。句意：接到我订单的旅游定制专员根据我的饮食、住宿、交通和娱乐活动的要求为我精心制订了旅行计划。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意，应用一般过去时，所以答案应选自H、I、J；由句意可知，这里指“精心制订”旅游计划，应用crafted。故选H。 103．考查动词。句意：一名专门的司机和导游被指派给我们，任何细节都可以根据我的要求修改。分析句子可知，此处应为动词的过去分词形式，与“could be”连用为情态动词的被动语态，结合第2小题，答案应选自I、J；由句意可知，这里指细节可以被“修改”，应用modified。故选I。 104．考查副词。句意：随着COVID-19预防措施的继续，在当地度假仍然是一个主要选择。分析句子可知，此处应用副词，作状语修饰动词“remains”，所以答案应选自B、D；根据句意，应指在“当地”度假，应用locally。故选D。 105．考查名词。句意：各种各样的文化活动和城市景点在假期周吸引了大量城市居民。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；短语the array of...意为“一系列、一大批”，符合句意。故选G。 106．考查名词。句意：历史建筑群三坊七巷，字面意思是“三片坊七条巷”。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据句意，这里指“建筑群”，应用complex。故选C。 107．考查副词。句意：历史建筑群三坊七巷，字面意思是“三片坊七条巷”，位于中国东部福建省福州市，以非物质文化遗产为主题的才艺表演和越剧表演等娱乐游客。分析句子可知，此处应为副词，作状语修饰动词“means”，所以答案应选自B、D；根据句意并结合第4小题，这里指“字面”上的意思，应用literally。故选B。 108．考查形容词。句意：历史建筑群三坊七巷，字面意思是“三片坊七条巷”，位于中国东部福建省福州市，以非物质文化遗产为主题的才艺表演和越剧表演等娱乐游客。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词短语“cultural heritage”；固定短语intangible cultural heritage意为“非物质文化遗产”，符合句意。故选E。 109．考查动词。句意：据中央电视台报道，在上海，许多博物馆推出了展览、文化活动以及夜游活动，为节日增添了一点文化乐趣。分析句子可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，所以答案应选自H、I、J；根据句意并结合第2、3小题，这里指“推出、发起”活动，应用launched。故选J。 110．考查名词。句意：据中央电视台报道，在上海，许多博物馆推出了展览、文化活动以及夜游活动，为节日增添了一点文化乐趣。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；固定短语a dash of意为“一点儿、少许”，符合句意。故选A。 12 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市浦东新区华师大二附中2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．timidity  B．refused    C． set      D．episode     E. effect     F. suffered G. amazed    H. educational     I. brief     J. unteachable    K. performed An Experiment in Education The best programme on TV last night was the first episode of a new series about education, and it was 111 on a farm. But this farm is not for animals it’s for children. The farm has been converted into a school for one class of difficult students. And it’s the job of one man to try and teach these students something in the two weeks they are there. The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once. Their previous teachers said that they were “ 112 ” and judging by their behavior in the programme last night, it isn’t hard to see why. The teacher who has to deal with this class is 40-year-old Philip Beadle. Before working in education, Mr. Beadle played in a rock band. He gave up music eight years ago to become teacher. At his first school, he helped students who 113 learning difficulties to get the best English marks the school had ever seen. As a result, he was made Schoolteacher of the Year. In the programme last night, we saw the students have their first lesson with Mr. Beadle. He started by playing a game, where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person. This might not sound very 114 but it caught everyone’s attention. After that Mr. Beadle took his class outside for an English lesson. At their previous schools, most of these students 115 to read in front of their classmates, so Mr. Beadle took them to a filed to read to some cows to overcome 116 . Each student read a(n) 117 quote from a Shakespeare play to them and the students seemed to enjoy it. In the next scene, Mr. Beadle took them to another field to teach them basic punctuation. He did this through another game where he asked the students to jump around clap their hands and shout. “question mark!” and “semicolon!” Everyone seemed to enjoy this strange way of learning. By the end of the 118 the students were indeed starting to accept their new teacher. Some of them even said he was “all right”. I really enjoyed this show because the teacher had such a positive 119 on the students. If, like me, you are 120 by this experiment in education, you will want to the whole series. Personally, I can’t wait to see what happens next! 【答案】 111．C 112．J 113．F 114．H 115．B 116．A 117．I 118．D 119．E 120．G 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一档关于教育实验的节目。 111．考查动词。句意：昨晚电视上最好的节目是一个关于教育的新系列的第一集，它以农场为背景。结合句意分析句子结构可知，it指代上文中的programme，此处缺少动词的过去分词构成被动，set“ 以……为背景”符合句意，故选择C项。 112．考查形容词。句意：他们之前的老师说，他们是“不可教的”，从他们昨晚在节目中的行为来看，不难看出原因。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作表语，根据上文“The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once.（这个班由16名13岁和14岁的男孩和女孩组成，他们都被开除了至少一次。）”可知，unteachable“不可教的”符合句意，故选择J项。 113．考查动词。句意：在他的第一所学校，他帮助学习困难的学生取得了学校有史以来最好的英语成绩。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词，suffered“遭受”符合句意，故选择F项。 114．考查形容词。句意：这听起来可能不是很有教育意义，但它引起了每个人的注意。分析句子结构可知，系动词sound后缺少形容词作表语，结合句意可知this指代的是上文中的game，结合下文句意可知，此处使用educational“有教育意义的”符合句意，故选择H项。 115．考查动词。句意：在以前的学校里，这些学生中的大多数都拒绝在同学面前读书，所以比德尔先生把他们带到一个院子里给一些奶牛读书，以克服胆怯。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词。结合上文“suffered learning difficulty（遭受学习困难）”可知，这里使用refused “拒绝”符合句意，故选择B项。 116．考查名词。句意：在以前的学校里，这些学生中的大多数都拒绝在同学面前读书，所以比德尔先生把他们带到一个院子里给一些奶牛读书，以克服胆怯。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词做宾语，根据前文的overcome“克服”可知，这里使用timidity“胆怯”符合句意，故选择A项。 117．考查形容词。句意：每个学生都读了一段莎士比亚戏剧的简短语录，学生们似乎都很喜欢。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作定语修饰quote，根据下文的 “from a Shakespeare play（来自莎士比亚戏剧）”可知，此处使用brief“简短的”符合句意，故选择I项。 118．考查名词。句意：到这一集结束时，学生们真正开始接受他们的新老师了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词，结合文中的programme“节目”可知，此处使用episode“一集”符合句意，故选择D项。 119．考查名词。句意：我真的很喜欢这个节目，因为老师对学生产生了积极的影响。短语have a positive effect on“对……有积极的影响”，符合句意，故选择E项。 120．考查形容词。句意：如果你像我一样，对这项教育实验感到惊讶，你会想看整个系列。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词，根据下文“I can’t wait to see what happens next!（我迫不及待地想看看接下来会发生什么！）”可知，短语be amazed by“对……感到惊奇”符合句意，故选择G项。 13 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市市西中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．assistance  B．hit  C． hopelessness  D．need  E. ordered  F. pressure G. shared  H. signal  I. starving  J. active  K. unity The White Flag: An Old Symbol Take on a New Meaning Raising a plain white flag has historically been considered a symbol of surrender (投降). But recently, in Malaysia, the white flag has taken on a new meaning. In July 2021, a social media movement encouraged people who had trouble making ends meet to use a white flag to 121 for help. This was the beginning of the white flag movement. Like most countries, Malaysia has been 122 hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a government- 123 lockdown on June 1, many people couldn’t find work. The local news began reporting stories of people who were living on a single meal a day. The 124 of lockdown also led to an increase in mental health problems. But 125 was on the way. In July, a businesswoman made a post online that encouraged Malaysians who needed aid to raise a white flag outside their house. The post was 126 over 20,000 times in 24 hours. People made Facebook groups and started posting photos of groceries that they could donate as well as addresses of those in 127 . The movement quickly gained attention. When 20 white flags were raised in a fishing village, the local fire department provided food and supplies. A grocery store chain even asked people to report white flag so it could send food to 128 families. The white flag movement shows that even in the face of 129 , people will help each other out. In Malaysia, the white flag is no longer a symbol of surrender: it now stands for 130 . 【答案】 121．H 122．B 123．E 124．F 125．A 126．G 127．D 128．I 129．C 130．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在马来西亚，白旗不再是投降的象征，它有了新的意义，它代表团结，代表人们的互帮互助。 121．考查动词。句意：2021年7月，一场社交媒体运动鼓励那些入不敷出的人使用白旗发出求救信号。根据句意可知，使用白旗是为了发出求救信号，“signal”意为“发信号”，动词词性，符合语境，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应填“signal”。故选H项。 122．考查动词和被动语态。句意：与大多数国家一样，马来西亚受到新冠肺炎疫情的严重打击。根据句意可知，句中指马来西亚受到新冠肺炎疫情的严重打击，“hit”意为“打击”，动词词性，符合语境，句子为现在完成时的被动语态，“hit”的过去分词为“hit”，故空格处应填“hit”。故选B项。 123．考查形容词。句意：在6月1日政府下令封锁之后，许多人找不到工作。分析句子可知，“lockdown”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据句意可知，空格处应用“ordered”，意为“精心安排的，组织有序的”，形容词词性，“government-ordered”意为“政府下令的”，符合语境，故空格处应填“ordered”。故选E项。 124．考查名词。句意：封锁的压力也导致了心理健康问题的增加。但援助正在进行中。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作主语，根据句意可知，封锁给人们造成了压力，“pressure”意为“压力”，为不可数名词，符合语境，故空格处应填“pressure”。故选F项。 125．考查名词。句意：封锁的压力也导致了心理健康问题的增加。但援助正在进行中。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作主语，根据下文内容可知，人们给有需要的人捐赠了食物，由此可知，援助正在进行中，“assistance”意为“援助”，为不可数名词，符合语境，故空格处应填“assistance”。故选A项。 126．考查动词和被动语态。句意：该帖子在24小时内被分享了超过20000次。根据句意可知，句中指帖子被分享了超过20000次，“share”意为“分享”，动词词性，符合语境，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，“share”的过去分词为“shared”，故空格处应填“shared”。故选G项。 127．考查固定短语。句意：人们建立了Facebook群组，并开始发布他们可以捐赠的食品杂货照片以及需要帮助的人的地址。根据句意可知，句中指发布了需要帮助的人的地址，“in need”意为“在贫困中，在危难中”，符合语境，故空格处应填“need”。故选D项。 128．考查形容词。句意：一家连锁杂货店甚至要求人们报道白旗，这样就可以把食物送到饥饿的家庭。分析句子可知，“families”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据文章内容可知，是把食物送到饥饿的家庭，“starving”意为“饥饿的，饿极了的”，形容词词性，符合语境，故空格处应填“starving”。故选I项。 129．考查名词。句意：白旗运动表明，即使面对绝望，人们也会互相帮助。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，根据文章内容可知，句中指即使面对绝望，人们也会互相帮助，“hopelessness”意为“绝望”，为不可数名词，符合语境，故空格处应填“hopelessness”。故选C项。 130．考查名词。句意：在马来西亚，白旗不再是投降的象征：它现在代表团结。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，根据文章内容可知，在马来西亚，白旗现在代表团结， “unity”意为“团结”，为不可数名词，符合语境，故空格处应填“unity”。故选K项。 14 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 A．replace    B．seeking    C． employ    D．investing    E. specifically        F. inevitable G. negatively        H. alternative        I. artificial    J. product        K. regulations Animal Testing Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring that cosmetics are safe and properly labeled. Although FDA has never 131 required the use of animals in testing cosmetics for safety, animal testing is often used to establish product safety by manufacturers 132 to launch new products. In some cases, after considering potential alternatives, companies may still determine that animal testing is necessary to ensure the safety of a(n) 133 or ingredient. FDA also supports and sticks to the applicable laws, 134 and policies governing animal testing. Moreover, in all cases where animal testing is used, FDA advocates that research and testing should get the maximum amount of useful scientific information from the minimum use of animals, and 135 the most humane (人道主义) methods available within the limits of scientific capability. Animal testing seems 136 in the current cosmetic industry, but many people believe that prior to the use of animals, consideration should be given to the use of scientifically valid (有效的) 137 methods to whole-animal testing. Actually, in the late 1990, FDA joined with other thirteen federal agencies in finding possible ways to 138 animals in tests. FDA has been supporting the development and use of alternatives to whole-animal testing and thus has been 139 considerable amounts of money into research on animal substitutes. Besides American scientists scientists in other countries are making efforts swell. Scottish University are now trying to create the world’s first 140 human liver for drug testing so as to dramatically cut the number of live animals used and get life-saving medicines into the clinic faster. 【答案】 131．E 132．B 133．J 134．K 135．C 136．F 137．H 138．A 139．D 140．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食品和药物管理局（FDA）负责确保化妆品的安全和正确的标签。尽管FDA从未明确要求在化妆品安全性测试中使用动物，但动物测试经常被制造商用于确定产品的安全性，以寻求推出新产品。 131．考查副词。句意：尽管FDA从未明确要求在化妆品安全性测试中使用动物，但动物测试经常被制造商用于确定产品的安全性，以寻求推出新产品。根据后文“required the use of animals in testing cosmetics for safety”以及句意“明确地”可知应填副词specifically，作状语。故填specifically。故选E。 132．考查动词。句意：尽管FDA从未明确要求在化妆品安全性测试中使用动物，但动物测试经常被制造商用于确定产品的安全性，以寻求推出新产品。根据后文“to launch new products”以及句意“寻求”可知应填动词seek，此处为现在分词作后置定语。故填seeking。故选B。 133．考查名词。句意：在某些情况下，在考虑了潜在的替代品后，公司可能仍然认为动物试验是必要的，以确保某产品或成分的安全性。根据上文“ensure the safety of”以及句意“产品”可知应填product，故选J。 134．考查名词。句意：FDA还支持并坚持有关动物试验的适用法律、法规和政策。根据后文“and policies”以及句意“法规”可知应填复数名词regulations，故选K。 135．考查动词。句意：此外，在所有使用动物试验的情况下，FDA主张研究和试验应该从最少的动物使用中获得最大数量的有用科学信息，并在科学能力的限度内使用最人道的方法。根据后文“the most humane methods”以及句意“使用”可知应填动词employ，should后跟动词原形。故填employ。故选C。 136．考查形容词。句意：在目前的化妆品行业中，动物试验似乎是不可避免的，但许多人认为，在使用动物之前，应该考虑使用科学有效的替代方法来替代全动物试验。根据后文“in the current cosmetic industry”以及句意“不可避免的”可知应填形容词inevitable，作表语。故填inevitable。故选F。 137．考查形容词。句意：在目前的化妆品行业中，动物试验似乎是不可避免的，但许多人认为，在使用动物之前，应该考虑使用科学有效的替代方法来替代全动物试验。根据上文“consideration should be given to the use of scientifically valid”以及句意“替代”可知应填alternative，作定语。故填alternative。故选H。 138．考查动词。句意：实际上，在1990年后期，FDA和其他13个联邦机构一起寻找在试验中替代动物的可能方法。根据后文“animals in tests”以及句意“替代”可知应填replace，此处不定式作后置定语。故填replace。故选A。 139．考查动词。句意：FDA一直在支持全动物试验替代品的开发和使用，因此已经在动物替代品的研究上投入了相当多的资金。根据后文“considerable amounts of money into research on animal substitutes”以及句意“投入”可知应填动词invest，结合上文has been可知为现在完成进行时。故填investing。故选D。 140．考查形容词。句意：苏格兰大学目前正试图制造世界上第一个用于药物测试的人造人类肝脏，以大幅减少活体动物的使用数量，并使挽救生命的药物更快地进入临床。根据后文“human liver for drug testing”以及句意“人造的”可知应填形容词artificial，作定语。故填artificial。故选I。 15 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 【来源】上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 A．associated    B．dominant     C． frequent     D．implications    E. inferiority F. interpreted    G. physically    H. predicted    I. potentially     J. seconds    K. vitality Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from five to 20 minutes. These is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly 141 — and that is a big “if” — we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they 142 symbolize. Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces. laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative 143 . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent a(n) 144 complex, which the dreamer attempts to escape from by literally and 145 putting themselves up above others. Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and 146 like the first one, it too can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the 147 emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped, trapped in my own bed. This symbol is 148 with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the 149 go by. Another 150 context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated fear of losing a job and a livelihood. 【答案】 141．F 142．I 143．D 144．E 145．G 146．K 147．B 148．A 149．J 150．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要解读了三种常见的梦的含义。 141．考查动词。句意：如果它们能被正确解读——这是一个很大的“如果”——我们就能更好地了解自己。根据下文“Here, we look at three common dreams and what they ___1___ symbolize.”可知，下文是解释梦的含义，所以此处指“如果梦能被正确地解读”，F项interpreted“解释，演绎”符合语境。故选F。 142．考查副词。句意：在这里，我们来看看三种常见的梦以及它们潜在的象征意义。结合语境可知，此处指“潜在的象征意义”，I项potentially“可能地，潜在地”符合语境，修饰动词symbolize。故选I。 143．考查名词。句意：这个梦既有积极的含义也有消极的含义。下一句“On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine.(从积极的方面来说，这个梦可能表达了一种强烈的渴望去旅行，远离日常生活)”是解释这个梦的含义，D项implications“含义，暗示”符合语境，在句中作宾语。故选D。 144．考查名词。句意：梦可能代表了一种自卑情结，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上把自己置于他人之上来逃避这种自卑情结。根据下文“which the dreamer attempts to escape from by literally and ___5___ putting themselves up above others”可知，做梦者通过将自己置于他人之上而要逃避的应是自卑情结，E项inferiority“自卑”符合语境，故选E。 145．考查副词。句意同上。空处和副词“literally”并列，G项physically“身体上”符合语境。故选G。 146．考查名词。句意：虽然这和第一个梦一样是健康和活力的传统象征，但它也可以暗示做梦者试图逃离危险。空处和名词“health”并列，结合句意可知，K项vitality“活力”符合语境。故选K。 147．考查形容词。句意：通常，恐惧是主要的情绪。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词emotion，根据下文“This makes the fear even more terrifying.(这使得恐惧更加可怕)”可知，此处指“恐惧是主要的情绪”，B项dominant“占支配地位的”符合语境。故选B。 148．考查动词。句意：这个象征与恐惧和尴尬联系在一起；做梦者突然失去了所有的运动能力。此处是解释梦的含义，A项associated“联系”符合语境，故选A。 149．考查名词。句意；他们被困在一个没有出路的可怕环境中，随着时间的流逝，他们变得越来越害怕。根据空后“go by”可知，此处指“时间的流逝”，J项seconds“秒，片刻”符合语境。故选J项。 150．考查形容词。句意：这个梦的另一个常见情境是在公众面前做某事失败，通常是你非常擅长的事情，比如你的工作。结合“Another”可知，此处是解释这个梦的另一重常见含义，C项frequent“经常的”符合语境。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$