Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 戴手套 2.Watch the video to learn to protect from cholera. Learning Objectives Find out the stages of scientific research in this passage. Learn about John Snow’s research process Express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking 3 John snow “King cholera” Fast reading Read the passage quickly and choose the correct key words to summarize each paragraph. Paragraphs Main idea 1 2-3 4 5 What? Who? How? The truth Results and significance Activity 2: Read the passage again and find the main information in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King cholera. P1: Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome. 6 P2: John Snow found a problem. P3: John Snow conducted research to stop the disease. adj.many P4: John found the truth about cholera. P5: John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases. n. 流行病学 v. change 1.Read the whole text quickly and match the main idea Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow's contributions. Para. 3 While-reading 11 Tip 1 Analyze the structure Who & What How to defeat Truth Achievements Please divide the passgae into four parts. Cholera John Snow It's one of ______________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________. _____________________ (when), an outbreak of cholera hit ________ milions of people ____________________. He rose to become _______________ , and even __________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. John Snow became ___________ because no one knew _____________________________. However, he had a desire to ______________ once and for all. the most feared diseases severe diarrhoea and dehydration In the early 19th century Europe died from the disease frustrated how to prevent or treat cholera a famous doctor attended to destroy cholera Para.1 Research background Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until [a British doctor]. John Snow, [showed how it could be overcome]. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. [In the early 19th century], when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. [As a young doctor], John Snow became frustrated [because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera]. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Para.1 在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望 过去曾经是 霍乱的暴发 死于 照料 分娩 used to be outbreak of cholera die from attend to give birth the desire to do “做...的愿望” in time “随着时间的推移” John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 宾语从句 Para 1 宾语 同位语 时间状语从句 “令人恐惧的” 原因状语从句 “升迁” rise-rose-risen 17 (1)On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore. (2)She was praised for having attended (on/upon)/to her sick mother. (2)I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to . attend to attend vt.出席；参加 vt.& vi.照顾；护理 vi.处理 attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学 attend to sb. /sth. 照料……；处理……；招待…… attend (on/upon) sb. 伺候某人，照顾某人 until 引导 ____________ 从句， how 引导 _______ 从句。 时间状语 宾语 I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. until 表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句； not … until 表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1) Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 19 1. 直到比赛开始他才来到。 He ____________________ the game had begun. 2. 如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等 到DVD版出来才看。 If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I will _________________________________. wait until it comes out on DVD didn’t arrive until 即学即练 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera.作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。 句式分析： 句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。 in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。 in time 迟早；最终；及时 1. Keep on working, and you’ll succeed in time. 2. You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up. 与time有关的短语 for the first time all the time ahead of time at the same time in no time at one time at times from time to time on time for the time being at a time 首次 一直；始终 提前 同时 立刻；马上 曾经；一度 有时，偶尔 偶尔；间或 准时 暂时；眼下 每次；逐一；依次 22 大体上 两种截然不同的看法 细菌感染 赞同 证据 因此 两条特定街道 决心做某事 In general, doctors [in those days] had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection [from germs in food or water.] Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why in general two contradictory theories infection from germs subscribe to proof consequently two particular streets be determined to do 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 Para.2 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. “一般说来” 宾语从句 后置定语 表语从句 表语从句 “同意;赞同” 时间状语从句 “袭击；攻击” a hit song It hits sb that... 很火/热门歌曲 “如此...以至于”，结果状语从句 宾语从句 “下定决心干某事” “因此” 某人突然想到 24 One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。 句式分析：本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用 翻译：我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个家。 My dream was _____________________. that I could have a home He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 句式分析：本句是复合句, 其中discovered后跟_____引导的________。在宾语从句中, 含有_________引导的________________。 结果状语从句 that 宾语从句 so…that…. so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。 3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming. 主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out. 27 主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句 I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them. The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it. What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants. 当“so＋形容词/副词”及such... 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 So afraid was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare to move an inch. 在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢动。 Such a difficult question did I find it is that I can’t work it out. 我发现这个题太难，我算不出。 So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling 这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖 完成句子 He _________________he accepted her invitation. 他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。 It_______________________that I’d like to go there again. 这个露营地点如此好，以至于我想再去一次。 There_________________ that the host felt sad. 宾客如此之少，主人为此感到伤心。 It is _________________ that I can’t lift it. 这个箱子如此重以至于我提不起来。 is so good a camping spot were so few guests such a heavy box was so foolish that Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. Para.3 介词+doing 数量多的+n复数 家庭 怀疑 宾语从句 What is more,in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks 死于 此外 远离；离开 似乎 主从 have sth done让某事被做 由于 相应地 为了；以便 在地图上标出确切位置 多例死亡 水泵 尤其是 家庭住户 怀疑…… 水泵就是罪魁祸首 似乎…… 让人打水 因为 宣布 相应的 让人拆掉了水泵把手 通过这一干预举措 mark on a map the exact places multiple deaths water pump especially household suspect that the water pump was to blame It seemed that have water delivered as a result of announce accordingly have the handle of the pump removed through this intervention Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。 句式分析：where引导定语从句，先行词为_____，where在定语从句中做______；who引导定语从句，先行词为_______，who在从句中作_____。 主语 places 状语 those It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. have sth. done 结构 so….that 引导结果状语从句 It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。 It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句. 常用于该句型结构有： It seemed that...(看上去) It happened that …(碰巧) It turned out that …(证明是) It appeared that...(显得) ___________________we were wrong. 结果证明我们错了。 _______________________he was out that day. 碰巧他那天出去了。 It happened that It turned out that “have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法有以下几种： have sb. /sth. doing 让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义) have sb. do 让某人做某事（省略to） have sth. done 让/请别人做某事；遭受到 They had the car ___________(run)all the way. She had planned to have her daughter_______ (marry) Laurie. As we left we had a photograph _________(take)together. marry running taken 完成句子 (1)__________________that you disagree on the plan. 在我看来你不同意这个计划。 (2)__________________ the harvest was bad that year. 那年碰巧收成不好。 (3)We did___________ we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 我们做得很好，以至于被邀请与学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。 It seems to me It happened that so well that 即学即练 (4)She is __________________________________we all like her. 她是一个非常可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。 (5)In order to make herself more beautiful, she_______________ yesterday. 为了使自己更漂亮，她昨天把头发剪了。 (6)It is not a good idea to ___________________all the time. 让机器一直运转不是一个好主意。 so lovely a girl that/such a lovely girl that had her hair cut have the machine running The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water Para.4 表语从句 被感染 此外；而且 显示A和B之间的链接 定语从句 定语从句 be likely to do sth 很可能做某事 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology Para.5 不懈的努力 be considered (as/to be)被认为是... consider (as/to be)把...看做；认为是 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。 句式分析 ： “无生命的名词＋see/find/witness…”意为“……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事”。 有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。 完成句子 (1)________________ the improvement of people’s life.这棵老树见证了人们的生活得到了改善。 (2)________________him wandering alone in the evening.傍晚，他独自一人在寂静的街道上徘徊。 英译汉 (3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city. _______________________________________ (4)The street light found the girl crying. ______________________________________ The old tree has seen The quiet street found 过去十年我们的城市发生了巨大的变化 街灯下那个女孩在哭 transform [træns'fɔːm]:v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变 transform A into B(from c) 把A变成B A be transformed into B (from c) A被变成B transformer  n.促使改变的人或物；变压器 transformation  n.[C&U]改变;转化 We can transform electricity into light energy as well as into heat energy. =Electricity can be transformed into light energy as well as into heat energy (by us). “把……变成……”的表达方式还有： (1)translate... into... 把…变成…；把…翻译成… (2)change/turn... into... 把……变成…… (3)divide... into... 把…变成…；把…划分成… Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 【句式剖析】 本句是主从复合句“scientists study diseases”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the way”。 在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况： (1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which，that或省略。 (2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。 (3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that, which或省略。 During those times, music can help you in the same way_________________it helped me. 在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。 He found a way ___________led to success. 他找到了一条通向成功的路。 The way_____________he told me sounds ridiculous, but I will give it a try. 他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。 which/that that/in which/省略 that/which/省略 To set out a new scientific idea through a scientific research, what qualities do you think are the three most important ones that the researcher should be equipped with? And give your reasons in brief. hard-working lazy patient edgy(急躁的) sympathetic wise devoted selfish creative reliable calm stubborn generous responsible cautious handsome imaginative determined Group-working 2.What scientific spirits can we learn from Snow? He never lost his desire to destroy the cholera. determined ambitious passionate strict strong-willed serious tireless hard-working gifted/talented diligent intelligent/smart innovative/creative confident Lavf58.20.100 Codec by Bilibili XCode Worker v4.8.54(fixed_gap:False) 学科网 rbm.xkw.com rbm.xkw.com 270934.53 $$