内容正文:
Module 2
知 识 归 纳
语音
字母u,o在单词中发/ʌ/音: number mother
字母a和字母组合 er在单词中发/ə/音: banana teacher
字母组合 ir, ur在单词中发/ɜː/音: bird nurse
必记
单词
四会
can可以 any一些,一点,若干 use使用 half 一半
三会
list清单 er哦,嗯,呃 need 需要 kilo 千克 bottle瓶子;一瓶的容量
lost ( lose的过去式)丢失 first首先,第一;最先的,第一(次)的
常考
短语
a lot of 许多 over there在那边 how much多少 how many多少
at home在家 at the supermarket在超市 six bananas六根香蕉 half a kilo 0.5千克
twelve eggs十二个鸡蛋 two bottles两瓶 two kilos两千克
make a shopping list制作一张购物清单
必会
句型
1.询问某人过去买了什么东西的句型及其答语:
—What did +主语+ buy?
—主语+ bought+表示物品的名词(短语).
例: —What did you buy? 你们买了什么?
—We bought some apples. 我们买了一些苹果。
2.询问数量的句型及其答语:
(1)—How many+可数名词复数+其他? —基数词+可数名词(复数).
例:—How many apples did your mum say? 你妈妈说(买)多少个苹果?
—Four apples. 四个苹果。
(2)—How much+不可数名词+其他? —A kilo./ Two bottles...
例:—How much cheese did you buy? 你买了多少奶酪?
—Half a kilo. 0.5千克。
核心
语法
1. how many和how much的辨析:
二者均可用来提问数量的多少,前者用于提问可数名词,其后接可数名词复数;而后者用于 提问不可数名词,其后接不可数名词。
2.可数名词和不可数名词。
考 点 速 记
[考点1] how many和how much 的辨析
How many apples did your mum say? 你妈妈说了多少个苹果?
How much cheese did she say? 她说了多少奶酪?
一、how many的用法
how many用来对可数名词的数量提问,后接可数名词的复数形式。
句型结构:—How many +可数名词复数+一般疑问句?
—基数词+可数名词(复数).
例:—How many books did you buy? 你买了多少本书?
—Five books. 五本书。
二、how much的用法
1. how much用来对不可数名词的量提问,后接不可数名词。句型结构:
—How much +不可数名词+一般疑问句?
—Half a kilo./ Six bottles...
例: —How much bread did you buy? 你买了多少面包?
—Half a kilo. 0.5千克。
2. how much用来询问价钱,意思是“多少钱”。
句型结构:
(1) How much is+可数名词单数/不可数名词?
(2) How much are +可数名词复数?
例: How much is this book? 这本书多少钱?
How much is milk? 牛奶多少钱?
How much are two apples? 两个苹果多少钱?
提分练 一、选词填空,补全对话。
1.—________________( How many/ How much) rice did your dad buy?
—Five kilos.
2.—________________( How many/ How much) apples do you want?
—Eight.
3.—________________( How many/ How much ) is your cap?
—Ten yuan.
4.—________________( How many/ How much) cheese do you want?
—Half a kilo.
提分练 二、单项选择。
( ) 1. How many ________ did you buy?
A. schoolbag B. schoolbags C. ball
( ) 2. How much ________ did you eat?
A. chocolate B. vegetables C. noodles
( ) 3. How many ________ do you have?
A. box B. boxes C. a box
( ) 4. How many ________ are there in your school?
A. boy B. child C. girls
( ) 5.—________ is the T- shirt?
—It's sixty yuan.
A. How B. How many C. How much
( ) 6.—How many hats do you have?
—________
A. Three hats. B. Three cats. C. Three hat.
提分练 三、对画线部分提问。
1. I need half a kilo of meat.
________________________________________________________
2. We bought two bottles of soya milk.
________________________________________________________
3. Diandian bought four pencils.
________________________________________________________
4. It's eighty yuan.
________________________________________________________
[考点2] 可数名词和不可数名词
I bought five pears. 我买了五只梨。
How much cheese did she say? 她说了多少奶酪?
一、可数名词
1. 定义:可以以数目来计算,能够分成个体的名词就是可数名词。可数名词又分为单数名词和复数名词。不定冠词、基数词可直接修饰可数名词,表示数量。
2. 可数名词单数前加不定冠词a/ an的规则:
(1)名词以辅音音素开头时,使用不定冠词a。
例:a dog, a uniform
(2)名词以元音音素开头时,使用不定冠词 an。
例: an apple, an hour
3. 可数名词由单数变为复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)单数变复数的规则变化:
①一般情况下,词尾直接加-s,例:
单数
复数
发音
snake
snakes
清辅音+s读[s]
bed
beds
浊辅音+s读[z]
tree
trees
元音+s读[z]
②元音字母加y结尾,直接加-s,发音为[z]。
例: boy-boys toy-toys
③辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,加- es,发音为[ɪz]。
例: baby- babies story- stories
④以s,x, sh, ch结尾,加- es,发音为[ Iz]。
例: bus- buses box- boxes
⑤以o结尾且表示人或农作物等有生命的事物的名词,在词尾加- es,发音为[z]。
例: potato- potatoes tomato- tomatoes
⑥以o结尾,表示无生命的事物的名词,多数加-s,发音为[z]。
例: photo- photos piano- pianos
(2)单数变复数的不规则变化:
单数
复数
单复数同形
sheep
sheep
Chinese
Chinese
Japanese
Japanese
fish
fish
people
people
改变词尾
child
children
改变中间元音
man
men
woman
women
foot
feet
二、不可数名词
定义:不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的名词就是不可数名词。
(1)可以用“a / an/基数词+计量单位名词+ of +不可数名词”来表示数量。
例: Congcong wants a cup of tea. 聪聪想要一杯茶。
(2)不可数名词作主语时,如果没有具体的量词修饰,谓语动词用单数形式:
例: There is some bread on the table. 桌子上有一些面包。
(3)不可数名词前不能用不定冠词a/ an,但可以用 the、some、much、a lot of、lots of等修饰。
例: I need some milk.我需要一些牛奶。
提分练 一、超市物品可真多, 请你圈出货架上的不可数名词, 并在可数名词下面的横线上写出其复数形式。
milk
________
potato
________
banana
________
egg
________
apple
________
tea
________
water
________
cheese
________
peach
________
peanut
________
tomato
________
rice
________
提分练 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空, 完成句子。
1. There is some ________( bread) in the fridge.
2.—Do you want some orange ________( juice )?
—Yes, please.
3. Mum bought two ________( bottle) of ________( coffee).
4. How many ________( sheep) are there on the farm?
5. There is some ________( food) in the basket.
6. They have five big ________( fish).
7. Let's take some ________( photo).
8. There are many ________( tomato).
9. There are three ________( people ) in my ________( family).
提分练 三、单项选择。
( )1. I' ll buy six ________.
A. ice cream B. ice creams C. potato
( ) 2. There are ________ books on the desk.
A. many B. any C. much
( ) 3. ________ there any milk in the glass?
A. Is B. Are C. Am
( ) 4. Let’s buy one kilo ________ chicken.
A. for B. of C. about
( ) 5.—How much ________ do you need?
—Two ________.
A. rice; kilo B. pears; kilos C. rice; kilos
( ) 6. Look at the ________ between the big trees.
A. man B. womans C. mans
提分练 四、选出符合句意的图片。
( ) 1. She ate all the chocolate.
( ) 2. I bought some sweets.
( ) 3. How many noodles did you have?
( ) 4. The little girl drank some soup.
( ) 5. Mum makes some moon cakes for us.
( ) 6. There are some clothes.
提分练 五、完形填空。
Today is Saturday. I make a 1. ________ list. My mum takes me to a big supermarket. There are many 2. ________ in it. You can see many kinds of goods(商品) there. Look, there is 3. ________, drinks and fruit. Some shoes and hats are on sale. Mum buys a nice hat for me. I like it very much. vegetables in the supermarket 5. ________ very cheap.
( )1. A. shop B. shopping C. shopping
( ) 2. A. thing B. things C. thank
( ) 3. A. food B. foot C. foods
( ) 4. A. meat B. meats C. meet
( )5. A. is B. am C. are
参考答案
(1) how many 和 how much 的辨析
一、1. How much 解析: how much 意为“多少”, 对空后不可数名词 rice 的量提问。
2. How many 解析: how many 意为“多少”, 对空后可数名词 apples 的数量提问。
3. How much 解析: how much意为“多少钱”, 对价格提问。
4. How much 解析: how much 意为“多少”, 对空后不可数名词 cheese的量提问。
二、1. B 解析: how many意为“多少”, 对可数名词的数量提问, 后面加可数名词复数。
2. A 解析: how much 意为“多少”, 对不可数名词的量提问, 后面加不可数名词。
3. B 4. C
5. C 解析: how much 意为“多少钱”, 对价格提问。
6. A 解析: how many 意为“多少”, 对可数名词的数量提问, 答句结构为“基数词+可数名词(复数).”。
三、1. How much meat do you need? 解析:画线部分是不可数名词 meat的量, 故用 How much提问。
2. How much soya milk did you buy? 解析:画线部分是不可数名词 soya milk 的量, 故用 How much 提问。
3. How many pencils did Diandian buy? 解析:画线部分是可数名词 pencil的数量, 故用 How many 提问。
4. How much is it? 解析:画线部分是价格, 故用 How much 提问。
(2)可数名词和不可数名词
一、
解析:可数名词: 指能以数目来计算, 可以分成个体的名词。不可数名词: 指不能以数目来计算, 不可以分成个体的名词。
二、1. bread 解析: some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词, bread 是不可数名词。
2. juice 解析: juice 是不可数名词。
3. bottles; coffee 解析: coffee 是不可数名词, 在表示数量时可以用“瓶”作为单位, bottle是可数名词,“两瓶咖啡”是“ two bottles of coffee”。
4. sheep 解析: sheep单复数同形。
5. food 解析: food指“食物”时, 是不可数名词。
6. fish 解析: fish“鱼”单复数同形, “ five big fish”表示“五条大鱼”。
7. photos 解析: photo是可数名词, 变复数加-s。
8. tomatoes 解析: tomato是可数名词, 变复数在词尾加- es。
9. people; family 解析:第一空 people 是集合名词,本身是复数。第二空“ in my family”意为“在我家中”。
三、1. B 解析: ice cream复数形式直接加-s。
2. A 解析: books是可数名词复数, 用 many 修饰。
3. A 解析: milk 是不可数名词, be 动词用 is。
4. B 解析:a/ an/基数词+计量单位名词+ of+不可数名词, 用来表示不可数名词的量。
5. C 解析: How much 后加不可数名词, 计量单位 kilo 是可数的, 前面有数字 Two, kilo 要变成复数形式 kilos。
6. A 解析: woman的复数形式为 women, man 的复数形式为 men。
四、1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. E 6. F
五、1. B 解析:固定搭配“ shopping list”意为“购物清单”。
2. B 解析: thing 是可数名词, 变复数直接加-s。
3. A 解析: food作“食物”讲时, 是不可数名词。
4. A 解析: meat是不可数名词。
5. C 解析:句子主语 All the vegetables 为复数概念, be动词要用 are。
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