2024年中考英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解附强化练习题

初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解 一、一般现在时态 【展示平台】 1 一般现在时态用来表示经常，反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词sometimes（有时）, often（经常）, usually（通常）, always（总是）等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening（在上午/下午/晚上）, every day/ week/ month/ year（每天/周/月/年, at noon/night（在中午/夜里）, on Monday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般现在时态中。如：     Bruce usually walks to school.  布鲁斯通常步行去上学。     We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。 2 表示现在的特征或状态。如：     She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。     He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。 3 表示事实或客观真理，或在谚语中，也用一般现在时。如：    The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。     When there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 4 一般现在时的基本句型 1）肯定句：① 主语+动词原形+其他 ②主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词-s+ 其他 如： They live in China. 他们住在中国。     He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。 2）否定句：① 主语+don’t+ 动词原形+其他       ② 主语（第三人称单数）+doesn’t+ 动词原形+其他     如：They don’t live in China. 他们不住在中国。       He doesn’t like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。 3）一般疑问句：① Do+主语+动词原形+其他?          ② Does+主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词原形+其他？ 如：Do they live in China?  他们住在中国吗？     Does he like eating apples?  他喜欢吃苹果吗？ 【相关链接】 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下： 1）一般在动词后直接加s。 如：talk –talks, live –lives。 2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如： watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry – carries, fly –flies。 4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。 Play-plays 【实战中考】 1. Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays   A. help   B. helping   C. helps   D. helped      【解析】 根据题中的时间状语often和on Sundays 可判断该句应用一般现在时态。主语Bob是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应为单数加s，故选C。 2. —What did the teacher say just now?   —He said that the earth ________ round the sun.   （福州）   A. go   B. goes    C. went    D. will go 【解析】题干主句虽然是过去时，但从句陈述的是客观事实，依然用一般现在时态，故选B。 一般现在时实战练习 一、单项选择 1. He _________ newspapers at 8:00 every evening. A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. has read [答案]A [详解]句意:他每天晚上八点看报纸。考查一般现在时。根据“every evening.”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式reads。故选A。 2. David _________ with his friends every weekend. A. swims B. is swimming C. has swum D. was swimming [答案]A [详解]句意:大卫每个周末都和他的朋友们一起游泳。考查动词时态。根据“every weekend.”可知，时态用一般现在时，主语是David，谓语动词用三单形式，故选A。 3.Wendy _________ two cups of coffee in the garden every morning. A. drink B. is drinking C. drinks D. drank [答案]C [详解]句意:温迪每天早上在花园里喝两杯咖啡。考查一般现在时。根据“every morning”可知，本句表示经常性或者习惯性的动作，要用一般现在时，主语“Wendy”是单数，因此动词也用第三人称单数形式，即drinks。故选 C。 4. My father _________ the underground to work on weekdays. He is a green consumer. A. take B. takes C. took D. has taken [答案]B [详解]句意:我爸爸在工作日乘地铁去上班。他是一个环保消费者。考查一般现在时。根据“on weekdays”可知句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式，故选B。 5. -The movie yesterday was so moving. -I _________. It's the saddest movie that I have ever seen. A. agreed B. will agree C. had agreed D. agree [答案]D [详解]句意:--昨天的电影太感人了。-我同意。这是我看过的最悲伤的电影。考查动词时态。根据“It’s the saddest movie that I have ever seen.”可知，同意对方的观点，表达的是自己现在的态度，用一般现在时，主语是第一人称，agree用动词原形。故选 D。 6. -I think we are supposed to show our health code first before entering. -I _________. That's very important now. A. agree B. agreed C. will agree D. had agreed [答案]A [详解]句意:-我想我们应该在进入之前先出示我们的健康码。-我同意。这现在非常重要。考查动词时态。根据“That’s very important now.”可知，此处描述现在普遍出现的的一个情况，即进入各个场所需要出示健康码，使用一般现在时，故选A。 7. You won't have the chance to succeed when you _________. A. gave up B. give up C. will give up D. are giving up [答案]B [详解]句意:当你放弃的时候，你就没有成功的机会。考查时态。根据“You won't have the chance to succeed when you..."可知，此处含when引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，故选B。 8. The school bus picks up the students and _________ the forest. A. goes over B. goes through C. went for D. go past [答案]B [详解]句意:这辆校车接上学生而后穿过森林。考查动词短语辨析。go over 检查;go through 穿过; go for爱好; go past 路过。根据“and”可知，空格处应和picks一样，使用动词第三人称单数。又因校车是从森林里穿过去，故应使用goes through。故选B。 9. As soon as he _________ in Beijing, he will climb the Great Wall with his cousin. A. arrive B. arrived C. arrives D. has arrived [答案]C [详解]句意:一到北京，他就和表弟一起爬长城。考查时态。句子是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语是he，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选C。 10. Helen is good at math, so she _________ her brother with his math every day. A. is helping B. helped C. helps D. has helped [答案]C [详解]句意:海伦擅长数学，所以她每天都在数学方面帮助她弟弟。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“every day”可知，此处应用一般现在时，表示习惯性或经常性的动作。主语为she，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 11. My father is a tea lover. He often _________ tea after supper. A. drinks B. was drinking C. will drink D. is drinking [答案]A [详解]句意:我的父亲是个茶艺爱好者。他经常在晚饭后喝茶。考查一般现在时。根据句中“My father is a tea lover.”及频度副词 often 可知，该句为一般现在时，表示经常性的动作，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三形式，故选A。 12. -Tina, what do you usually do at weekends? -I _________ swimming with my friends. A. went B. go C. will go D. have gone [答案]B [详解]句意:--Tina，你周末通常做什么?-我和我的朋友们去游泳。考查时态。根据“what do you usually do at weekends”可知此处表示习惯性的动作，用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。故选B。 13. Not only the kid but also their parents _________ the internet at the weekend. A. surfs B. surf C. will surf D. is surfing [答案]B [详解]句意:不仅孩子，他们的父母也在周末上网。考查时态及主谓一致。根据“at the weekend”可知，时态是一般现在时，根据“not only...but also”可知，谓语遵循就近原则，谓语动词取决于“their parents”，所以用动词原形。故选B。 14. My grandpa always _________ glasses when he reads. A. wore B. wears C. has worn D. was wearing [答案]B [详解]句意:我爷爷读书时总是戴着眼镜。考查时态。根据“when he reads”可知，从句时态是一般现在时，主句时态与其保持一致，也用一般现在时，主语是三单，动词也用三单形式，故选B。 15.-Lily, what do you usually do on weekends? - _________ tennis with my friends every Sunday afternoon. A. play B. played C. will play D. am playing [答案]A [详解]句意:--Lily，你通常在周末做什么?-每个星期天下午我和我的朋友们打网球。考查动词时态。根据“every Sunday afternoon.”可知，答语要用一般现在时，故选A。 16. -Could you tell me _________? -She lives near Xinhua Bookstore. A. where docs Mrs. Green live B. where did Mrs. Green live C. where Mrs. Green lives D. where Mrs. Green lived [答案]C [详解]句意:--你能告诉我格林夫人住在哪里吗?-她住在新华书店附近。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AB;根据答语“She lives ncar Xinhua Bookstore.”可知，陈述事实，用一般现在时。故选C。 17. The Mid-Autumn Festival usually _________ on August 15th in the lunar calendar every year. A. come B. will come C. comes [答案]C [详解]句意:中秋节通常在每年的农历8月15日到来。考查时态。根据“every ycar”以及语境可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“The Mid-Autumn Festival”，谓语动词用第三人称单数comes。故选C。 18. We _________ often go to school before 8:00 a.m.. A. aren't B. don't C. doesn't [答案]B [详解]句意:我们不经常在早上八点之前去上学。考查否定句。根据“often”可知，句子是一般现在时，句中有动词go，此处否定应用助动词构成，主语是we，助动词用don't,故选B。 19. Every year, many people from all over the world _________ the Summer Palace. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. was visiting [答案]A [详解]句意:每年，来自世界各地的许多人参观颐和园。考查一般现在时。visit参观，用于一般现在时; visited参观;用于一般过去时;have visited已经参观，用于现在完成时;was visiting 正在参观，用于过去进行时。根据“Every year”可知，本句需用一般现在时，主语“many people from all over the world”是复数，动词需用原形。故选A。 20.-Why is the book a best seller? -I think it has something to do with _________. A. what writing skills does the writer use B. how interesting the stories inside are C. if it is attractive or not D. who the writer was [答案]B [详解]句意:-为什么这本书是畅销书?-我想这与里面的故事有多有趣有关。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除A;C项中应是whether...or not，搭配错误，排除C;本句陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时，D 项时态错误。故选B。 二、一般过去时态 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time从前, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 1 一般过去时态常用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）。如：     He went to the park yesterday. 她昨天去了公园。（表示过去某个时间发生的动作）     I was ten years old in 2003. 我2003年才10岁。（表示过去某个时间存在的状态） 2 表示过去习惯性的动作也用一般过去时。此时常和表示频率的副词：always（总是）， often（经常）, sometimes（有时）等连用。如：     He always went to school early last year. 他去年总是早早上学。 3 表达去世的人所做的事往往也用一般过去时。如：     Ying Zheng was the first king in China. 赢政是中国的第一个皇帝。 4 一般过去时态的构成 1）肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他       如：We enjoyed ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得很高兴。 2）否定句：主语+didn’t +动词原形+其他 如：We didn’t enjoy ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得不高兴。 3）一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他 如：Did you enjoy yourselves in the zoo yesterday?  你们昨天在动物园里玩得高兴吗？ 【相关链接】 在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。变化规则如下： 1）一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed 。如：play –played , look –looked 。 2）以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like –liked, use –used。 3）与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i 再加ed。 如：carry – carried, marry - married。 4）以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop –stopped, prefer –preferred。 当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：put –put, see –saw, eat –ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！ run-ran-run come-came-come 【模拟中考】 1. What ______ to her yesterday evening?  A. was happened  B. happened    C. happening   D. happen 2. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?    —I________ well last night.  A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep  C. hasn’t slept D. won’t sleep 3. —When ____ you _____ your old friends?    —The day before yesterday.           A. will; visit B. did; visit C. / ; visit  D. have; visited  答案：1-3 BAB 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _________ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _________ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ (go) to zoo yesterday. 4. _________ you _________ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _________ he _________ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _________. 6. Mike _________ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _________. 8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning? She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 9. It _________ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night. 答案：1.watched 2. read 3. went 4. Did, visit 5. Did, fly, did 6. pulled 7. swept, didn’t 8. Did, find, found 9. was 10. had   三、现在进行时态 1 现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now, at the moment连用。如：  They are singing at the moment.  他们正在唱歌。     Li Ming is making a report now. 李明现在正在做报告 2 表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达，此时常和时间状语these days 连用。 如： We are mending the car these days.  这些日子我们一直在修车。 3 某些瞬间动词(来来回回，表示位置移动的动词)如come, leave, arrive, die 等用现在进行时表示将来，即这个动作将要发生。 如：She says she is coming soon.  她说她马上就来。     The match girl is dying.  那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。 4 现在进行时态的基本句型 be 1）肯定句：主语+am/ is/ are + V-ing + 其他。如：     Nancy is reading a book now.   南茜正在读书。     The twins are playing in their bedroom.  2）否定句：主语+am/ is/ are + not + 其他。如：     Nancy isn’t reading a book now.  南茜没有正在读书。     The twins aren’t playing in their bedroom.  那对双胞胎没有正在卧室里玩 3)一般疑问句：Am/ Is/ Are+ 主语+ V-ing + 其他？如：     Is Nancy reading a book now?  南茜正在读书吗？     Are the twins playing in their bedroom?  那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩吗？ 【相关链接】 1 现在分词（即V-ing形式）的构成 1）一般在动词的后面直接加-ing 。如：listen – listening, look – looking . 2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing. 如：take –taking , make –making . 3）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit –sitting, stop –stopping . 4）特殊的如：lie – lying, die – dying, tie-tying 等。 2 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别 1）一般现在时用以说明客观事实或情况，或用于强调动作的永久性或经常性; 而现在进行时强调动作正在进行，而且这个动作常含有未完成之意。如：    We usually have four classes in the morning. 我上午通常上四节课。    —Why can’t Lily go with me? 丽丽为什么不能和我们一起去呢？    —Because she is doing her homework now. 因为她正在做作业。 2）always用于一般现在时用于说明事实，一般不带有感情色彩；而现在进行时与always（即be always doing sth.）连用，常表示说话人的某种感情，如：赞扬，批评，厌烦等。如：     He always works late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示事实）     He is always working late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示赞扬）     He is always talking big.他老爱说大话。（表示厌烦） 【牵手中考】 1. Look! The boys ________ happily in the river.  A. swim   B. swam  C. will swim  D. are swimming    2. ---Can your brother make a model airplane?    ---Yes, this week he _______ a new model.  A. builds   B. is built   C. had built  D. is building     3. —Shall we invite Tom to play football now?    —Oh, no. He ________ his clothes.   A. is washing   B. washes   C. has washed     参考答案：1-3 DDA 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1. The boy ____________ (draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls ____________ (sing) in the classroom. 3. My mother ____________ (cook) some nice food now.   4. What ____________ you ____________ (do) now? 5. Look. They ____________ ( have) an English lesson .  6. They ____________ (not, water) the flowers now. 7. Look! The girls ____________ (dance) in the classroom . 8. What is our son doing? She ____________ (listen) to music.  9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We ____________ (have) supper now 10. ____________ Helen ____________ (wash ) clothes? Yes, she is. 参考答案： 1. is drawing 2. are singing 3. is cooking 4. are, doing 5. are having 6. aren’t watering 7. are dancing 8. is listening 9. are having 10. Is, washing 三　一般现在时和现在进行时练习题 ( )1. Who ________ over there now?   A. singing   B. are sing   C. is singing   D. sing ( )2. It’s eight o’clock. The students ________ an English class.  A. have   B. having   C. is having D. are having ( )3. Listen! The baby ________ in the next room.    A. crying  B. cried  C. is crying   D. cries ( )4. Look! The twins ________ new sweaters.   A. are wearing   B. wearing   C. are wear   D. is wearing ( )5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents ________. A . is sleeping   B. are sleeping   C. sleeping   D. sleep ( )6. Tom is a worker. He ________ in a factory. His sisters ________ in a hospital. 　　   A. work/ work   B. works/ work   C. work/ works ( )7. Who ________ English best in your class?   A. speak   B. speaks   C. speaking ( )8. Mrs. Read ________ the windows every day.   A. is cleaning   B. clean   C. cleans ( )9. We ________ music and often ________ to music.   A. like/ listen  B. likes/ listens  C. like/ are listening ( )10. She ________up at six in the morning. A. get  B. gets   C. getting ( )11. The twins usually ________ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim ________ some coffee for it. 　　  A. have/ have   B. have/ has   C. has/ have 参考答案：1-5 CDCAB 6-11 BBBABB 四、过去进行时态 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解： 1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 E.g. They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning. My mother was cooking when I got home. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing. 其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing. 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。 E.g. We were working in class. We weren’t working in class. Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。 E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for. 做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。 三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing 例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday? 答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday? 解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。 四、易与现在进行时弄混 例：My mother is cooking (cook) when I got home. 答案：was cooking 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。 五、易与一般过去时弄混 例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。 I read (read) a story book yesterday evening. 答案：was reading 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。 另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday. 专项训练： 一 、单选 1. What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon? A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing 2. – I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. – Oh, I’m sorry I _____ dinner at my friend’s home. A home B had C was having D have had 3. My mother _____ while my father _____TV. A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched 4. When I got home, my son _____ the music. A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening 5. We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night. A were watching B would watch C watch D watched 6. She asked him whether he _____ back for lunch. A come B was coming C came D had come 7. Could you tell me when ______? A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming 8. The teacher ______ when I came into the classroom. A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing 二 、填空 1. ______ they______ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon? 2. Mrs. Green _____ _____ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday. 3. Grandpa ______ ______ (mend) his clock when I reached home. 4. As I _____ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games. 参考答案： 一、1-5 DCBCA 6-8 BAD 二、1. Were, feeding 2. wasn’t, washing 3. Was, mending 4. was, walking 五、现在完成时态 结构： 主语+助动词（have/has）+ done + 其他成分 基本用法 (1). 表示过去发生、完成的动作或存在的状态对现在产生的影响或结果。这种用法的现在完成时常与already , never , ever , just , yet等时间状语连用。不能和表示确定的过去时间状语连用。 如： . She has left already.她已经离开了。（对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这里。） . He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。（对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。） (2). 表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这种用法的现在完成时常和表示过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的时间状语，如these days , for + 时间段 , since + 时间点等连用。如： . She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已经当了20年的老师了。 . How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了？ (3). 延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在, 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词, 非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如: 我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I've left this school for eight years. 正:I've been away from this school for eight years. 他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如: I haven't gone to see him for several months. 我已经好几个月没去看他了。 2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish/end/stop be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear get up be up wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have be lost／be missing／be gone join be in be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构 leave be away arrive/reach be become be成为 go to school be in school／be a student go abroad be abroad marry be married（to） make friends with be friends with lose one's job／work be out of work get to know know go (get) out be out b.将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。如： 误：He has bought the bike for two years. 正：He bought the bike two years ago. c.用句型“it is + 一段时间 + since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）”表示。如： It is two years since the old man died. 这个老人去世两年了。 (4). have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地”，说话时已回到说话地点；have/has gone to表示“去了某地”，现在没回来，不在说话的地点。have/has been in表示“在某地呆了一段时间”。 如： . Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 . Tom has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆到书店去了。 (5). 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时属于现在时，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。（是说目前的情况，是表达过去的动作的言外之意。）而一般过去时，侧重于过去的动作或状态，于现在无关。 如： . Henry has lived in China for 2 years. 亨利已经在中国住了2年了。（目前情况） . Henry lived in China for 2 years. 亨利在中国住了2年。（以前的事情） 2022年现在完成时中考真题链接 1．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）The Greens ________ in Guilin for six years. A．have lived B．lived C．live 【答案】A 【详解】句意：格林一家在桂林住了六年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for six years”可知，时态是现在完成时，故选A。 2．（2022·四川·中考真题）Tom, you ________ in this city since 2019. What do you think of it? A．have lived B．live C．lived D．will live 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆，你自2019年以来一直住在这个城市。你觉得怎么样？ 考查动词时态。根据since 2019可知，此处是现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选A。 3．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June. A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。 考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。 4．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Millie ________ a lot about sea-salt culture since she came to Yancheng. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从米莉来到盐城以来，她学到了很多关于海盐文化的知识。 考查动词时态。此处是since引导的时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 5．（2022·四川·巴中市教育科学研究所中考真题）—It’s reported that a new high-speed railway will be finished in recent years in our hometown, Bazhong. —Yes. Great changes ________ since I worked here. A．will take place B．were taken place C．have taken place D．took place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据报道，在我们的家乡巴中，一条新的高速铁路将于近几年建成。——是的。自从我在这里工作以来，这里发生了很大的变化。 考查动词时态。since+一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时，故选C。 6．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mike, why do you come here so late? The concert ________ since half an hour ago. —What a pity! No wonder all the singers have left. A．has ended B．has been on C．has started D．has been over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——迈克，你为什么这么晚才来？音乐会半小时前就结束了。——真遗憾！难怪所有的歌手都走了。 考查现在完成时和词义辨析。end结束；be on上演；start开始；be over结束。根据“since half an hour ago”可知，此处应使用现在完成时且需要延续性动词，排除AC；根据“No wonder all the singers have left.”可知，歌手都走了，所以音乐会结束了。故选D。 7．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）— What is the Trip Code (行程码) used for？ — It’s used to show where you ________ in the last 14 days. A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——行程码用来做什么的？——用来显示你在过去的14天里去过哪里。 考查动词时态。根据“in the last 14 days”可知，此处应用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。 8．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Our school life ________ a lot since 2021. We have more activities now. A．change B．is changing C．has changed D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从2021年开始，我们的校园生活改变了很多。我们现在有更多的活动。 考查时态。根据“since 2021”可知，本题应用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 9．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）Sally ________ with a Chinese family since she came to Dalian. A．stays B．will stay C．has stayed D．was staying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：萨莉自从来到大连以来一直住在一个中国家庭。 考查动词时态。根据“since she came to Dalian.”可知，本句时态是现在完成时。故选C。 10．（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）The Art of War is great and I________ it many times so far. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《孙子兵法》很棒，到目前为止我已经读过很多遍了。 考查动词时态。根据so far可知，此句应用现在完成时have/has done的结构，主语为I，助动词用have。故选B。 11．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Your watch is so cool! When did you get it? —On my 12th birthday. I ________ it for 3 years. A．bought B．have had C．have bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的手表太酷了！你什么时候买的？——在我12岁生日的时候。 我用了3年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for 3 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，buy是短暂性动词，此处需要延续性have had，故选B。 12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）—I ________ in London for many years. —You have never regretted moving back to China, have you? A．lived B．was living C．have lived 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我在伦敦住了很多年。——你从来没有后悔搬回中国，是吗？ 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，句子的时间状语“for many years”和现在完成时连用，结构为：have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 13．（2022·北京·中考真题）Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jim自从开始在我们学校学习之后学到了很多关于中国文化的东西。 考查现在完成时。根据“since自从”可知主句要用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has done”，故选D。 14．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Christine ________ the family’s Sunday lunch since she was 12 years old. A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．has cooked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：克莉丝汀从12岁起就为家人做周日午餐。 考查时态。根据“since she was 12 years old.”可知，主句要用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，故选D。 15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mike, why are you standing outdoors? —I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back. A．have lost B．will lose C．had lost D．lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Mike，你为什么站在门外？——我弄丢了钥匙。我得在这里等我妈妈回来。 考查动词时态。根据句意可知，弄丢了钥匙对现在造成的影响是站在门外等妈妈回来，用现在完成时have done的结构表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。 16．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening? —Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already. A．saw B．have seen C．see D．will see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今晚你想看电影《长津湖》吗？——哦，那是一部好电影。但是我已经看过了。 考查时态。根据“already”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，使用现在完成时have/has done。故选B。 17．（2022·河北·中考真题）Sorry, I ________ a mistake. Let me correct it. A．will make B．am making C．was making D．have made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：对不起，我弄错了。我来纠正一下。 考查现在完成时。根据“Sorry, I...a mistake. Let me correct it.”可知，因为已经犯了错误，所以现在要去纠正，故选D。 18．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）The public places, such as restaurants and cinemas, ________ since COVID-19 swept the city again last month. A．have been closed B．have closed C．closed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自上月新冠肺炎疫情再次席卷该市以来，餐馆和电影院等公共场所一直关闭。 考查动词时态以及延续性动词。since+一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时have/has done的结构，且动词要用延续性动词，close对应的延续性动词是be closed，故选A。 19．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—Where’s Mr. Yang? —He ________ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ________ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery. A．has gone to; has been  B．has gone to; has gone to C．has been to; has gone  D．has been to; has been to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——杨先生在哪里？——他去了丹寨的龙泉山。 他去过那里三次，因为他喜欢当地的风景。 考查has been to以及has gone to的区别。has gone to去了某地（未回来）；has been to去过某地（已回来）。根据“Where’s Mr. Yang”可知，杨先生不在说话地，所以是去了龙泉山，还没有回来，故第一空填has gone to，排除C和D选项。根据“three times”可知，去过三次，且there是地点副词，前不加任何介词，用has been。故选A。 20．（2022·福建·中考真题）Since 2021, our school ________ all kinds of after-school services for students. A．provides B．is providing C．has provided 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从2021年开始，学校为学生提供各种课外服务。 考查动词时态。since+过去的时间点，要与现在完成时have/has done的结构连用，故选C。 六、一般将来时态 一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1.will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not-won't, shall not=shan't. Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2. be going to+不定式,表示将来。 a.主语的意图,即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b.计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. 这出戏下月开播。 c.有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 3.be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4.be about to +不定式，意为“马上做某事” He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意: be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to 和 will的区别 be going to和 will的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一股情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的: 1.be going to 主要用于: a.表示事先经过考虑，安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么? Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 I'm going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She's going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b.表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds, It is going to rain, 瞧!乌云密集，要下雨了。 I am afraid 1 am going to have a cold.恐怕我要患重感冒。 2.will 主要用于在以下几个方面: a.表示单纯的未来"将要",通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I'll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b.表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c.问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗? Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗? 一般将来时特殊用法: 1.be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2.be about to +不定式，意为"马上做某事”。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注点: be about to不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3.有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如:go，come，arrive, fly(飞往)、reach(到达)，stay leave, start, die 等。 I'm going to go to the zoo this weekend,= I'm going to the zoo this weekend. He's going to leave for Paris.-He's leaving for Paris. The old man is dying. = The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 中考真题链接 单项选择 1.(2023-江苏淮安中考真题)--Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father's Day? I ________ a beautiful card for my father. A. design B. designed C. will design D. was designing 2.(2023·西藏·中考真题)We are ________ take a school trip tomorrow. A. go to B. going to C. goes to D. gone to 3.(2023-四川甘孜·中考真题)His little brother ________ middle school in July 2025. A. finishes B. is finishing C. finished D. will finish 4.(2023-辽宁丹东·中考真题)Ben believes he ________ a college student in 3 years. A. becomes B. became C. will become D. has become 5.(2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题)After this exam, you ________ a wonderful holiday next month. Take it easy! A. have B. have had C. had D. will have 6.(2023-黑龙江绥化·中考真题)I don't know if it ________ sunny tomorrow. If it ________ sunny, I will go fishing. A. will be; is B. is; will be C. will be; is going to be 7.(2023·河北·中考真题) I ________ ice skating this Sunday. Do you want to come? A. go B. went C. was going D. will go 8.(2023-江西·中考真题)I've just got two tickets! I ________ to see the new movie with Tony. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 9.(2023-湖北武汉·中考真题)--The car will not start. What can I do? -Don't worry. Tom and I ________ it a push. A. give B. gave C. have given D. will give 10.(2022-湖北黄石中考真题)There ________ a volleyball game next Saturday. If it ________, we'll have to put it off. A. is going to be; rains B. is going to be; will rain C. is going to have; will rain D. is going to have; rains 11.(2022-辽宁丹东中考真题)Next year, ________ a new road leading to the village. A. there is B. there are C. there will be D. there was 12.(2022-辽宁大连·中考真题)-What's your plan for the weekend，Helen? I ________ my grandparents. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. am going to visit 13.(2022·广西百色中考真题)I don't know if it ________ tomorrow, but if it ________, I'll stay at home. A. will rain; rains B. will rain; will ruin C. rains; will rain D. rains; rains 14.(2022广西贵港中考真题)-There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon. -Great! We can't wait! A. is B. was C. will be D. will have 15.(2022北京中考真题)Don't lose heart. If you keep working hard, you ________ some day. A. will succeed B. succeed C. succeeded D. have succeeded 16.(2022-河北·中考真题) John is waiting for me. We _________ to the bookstore together. A. went B. have gone C. will go D. were going 17.(2022-云南·中考真题)How time flies! I _________ a senior high school this September. A. enter B. entered C. will enter D. have entered 18.(2022-浙江温州·中考真题)-Lydia, have you decided which city to travel to, London or New York? -Not yet. Maybe I _________ London to meet my friends this time. A. visit B. visited C. will visit D. was visiting 19.(2022·江西·中考真题)Don't leave your toys on the table, or I _________ them away. A. threw B. will throw C. have thrown D. was throwing 20.(2022·安徽·中考真题)-What are you saving money for? -Father's Day is around the corner. I _________ a gift for my father. A. am going to buy B. have bought C. bought D. was buying 21.(2022-重庆·中考真题)I _________ a party next Saturday. I hope you can come. A. had B. was having C. have had D. will have 22.(2022-四川自贡·中考真题)-What are you going to do in the summer vacation? -I _________ a volunteer in the hospital. A. was B. am C. will be 23.(2022·西藏·中考真题)I wonder if he _________ time tomorrow; if he _________ free, I'll invite him to give a speech in our school. A. will have; is B. has; will be C. will; have D. has; is 24.(2022·甘肃白银·中考真题) There _________ a basketball match between these two grades in the gym this afternoon. A. will B. is going to have C. is going to be D. will have 25.(2022·四川成都·中考真题)In the future, vocational(职业的) students _________ it easier to get jobs. A. found B. have found C. will find 26.-We're going on a trip this weekend. Would you like to come? -Sorry, I can't. I _________ basketball practice on Saturday. A. will have B. had C. was having D. have had 27.-Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? -There _________ an exciting football game in ten minutes. A. will he B. will have C. is going to have D. are going to be 28.-I want to know if it _______ tomorrow. -Don't worry. If it _______, we will stay at home A. will rain; rains B. rains; rains C. rains; will rain D. will rain; will rain 29. In the future, robots _______ the problem of taking care of the old people. A. solved B. will solve C. is solving D. solves 30.-Oh, a lot of traffic! -Yeah, too crowded. It seems that we _______ be late. A. are going to B. were able to C. aren't going to D. weren't able to 31. There _______ a talent show in our school tomorrow. A. is B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have 32.-Oh, I left my dictionary in your house. -Don't worry. I _______ it to school for you. A. will take B. take C. took D. was taking 33.-Can you come to my party next weekend, Jim? -Oh, I'm sorry, I _______ my grandparents at that time. A. visited B. will visit C. visit 34. Next weekend I _______ a beautiful kite for Bella as a birthday gift. A. am making B. made C. will make D. make 35.If we _______ take environmental problems seriously, the earth _______ worse and worse. A. don't; will be B. won't; isn't C. won't; is D. don't; is 36.-Sam, what's your plan for the coming winter vacation? -I _______ my grandparents with my parents. A. visit B. visited C. was visiting D. am going to visit 37. There _______ a wonderful TV show China in the Classics at 8; 06 tomorrow evening. A. was B. had C. will have D. will be 38.Kate _______ the theater tomorrow because she has to take acting lessons. A. doesn't go to B. isn't going to C. didn't go to D. went to 39. Maybe John _______ his friend in London next year. A. visited B. is visiting C. will visit D. visits 40. I hope _______ less pollution in the future. A. there is B. there will be C. there has D. there are going to be 参考答案： 1-5 CBDCD 6-10 ADCDA 11-15 CDACA 16-20 CCCBA 21-25 CCACC 26-30 AAABA 31-35 CABCA 36-40 DDBCB 七、过去将来时态 过去将来时，作为英语语法中一个重要的时态，主要用于描述在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或状态。它不仅可以回顾过去，还蕴含了对未来的展望。 一、过去将来时的定义 过去将来时，顾名思义，是指在过去某个时间点看来将要发生的动作或状态。它并不是直接描述过去或现在的事实，而是基于过去的视角，对未来的一种预测、计划或期望。 这种时态在英语等语言中有着广泛的应用，通常通过特定的动词形式来体现，如“would do”、“was/were going to do”等。过去将来时让语言的叙述层次更加分明，能够生动地重构过去的思考和预期。 二、过去将来时的用法 1. 用“would+动词原形”表示过去将来 这是过去将来时最直接的表达方式之一，其中“would”作为助动词，与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示从过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作或状态。 例句： He said he would come to see me the next day. 他说他第二天会来看我。 She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 2. 用“was/were going to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的事 这种方式常用于描述过去某个时间点已经安排好或计划好的未来动作，强调计划性或意图性。 例句： She told me she was going to start a new job next month. 她告诉我她下个月将开始一份新工作。 They were going to have a picnic on Sunday，but it rained. 他们原计划在周日去野餐，但下雨了。 3. 用“was/were to+动词原形”表示过去计划或安排中的未来动作 这种结构也常用于表示按计划或安排即将发生的事，但相较于“was/were going to”，它更强调一种规定性、义务性或命令性的未来动作。 例句： The train was to leave at 8 a.m.，but it was delayed. 火车原定于上午8点离开，但延误了。 The building was to be completed by the end of the year. 该建筑原定于年底完工。 4. 使用“was/were about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作 这种方式强调动作发生的紧迫性，即某个动作在说话人提及的那一刻即将发生，但尚未发生。 例句： We were about to leave when the phone rang. 我们正要离开，这时电话响了。 He was about to speak when the door opened. 他正要说话，这时门开了。 5. 特定动词的过去进行时表示过去将来 某些表示位置转移或状态变化的动词，如come、go、leave、arrive等，在过去进行时态下也可以表示过去将来时，这种用法通常强调按照时间表或计划即将发生的动作。 例句： He told me he was leaving for Beijing the next day. 他告诉我他第二天要离开去北京。 I heard they were arriving in the evening. 我听说他们晚上到。 6. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，如果主句描述的是过去的情况，那么从句中原本应该使用一般将来时的动作，需要改为过去将来时，以保持一致的时态。 例句： If it didn't rain，we would go for a walk. 如果不下雨，我们就会去散步。 When he grew up，he would become a doctor. 他长大后，会成为一名医生。 过去将来时练习题及答案 1. He said he _______ to visit his grandparents the next day. A. would go B. went C. goes D. will go 答案：A 解析：此句描述的是他“过去”说的“将来”要做的事，即他过去说第二天要去拜访祖父母，应使用过去将来时would go。 2. The teacher told us that the school trip _______ in two weeks. A. will start B. started C. starts D. would start 答案：D 解析：老师告诉我们的是关于未来两周内将要发生的事，但这个“未来”是从过去的时间点(老师告诉我们的时候)来看的，因此使用过去将来时would start。 3. She didn't know if her husband _______ back that night. A. came B. would come C. comes D. has come 答案：B 解析：句子中的didn't know表明“不知道”这一动作发生在过去，而她丈夫是否回来则是过去不确定的未来事件，故用过去将来时would come。 4. They planned that they _______ to the beach for a picnic the next Sunday. A. go B. would go C. are going D. went 答案：B 解析：planned表明这是一个过去的计划，而计划的内容是关于未来要做的，因此用过去将来时would go。 5. I didn't think he _______ able to finish the work by himself. A. was B. will be C. would be D. has been 答案：C 解析：didn't think表明“认为”这一动作发生在过去，而他是否能独自完成工作则是从那个时间点看来的未来情况，故用过去将来时would be。 6. She promised that she _______ me the money the next day. A. returned B. would return C. returns D. return 答案：B 关键点promised表示过去的承诺，承诺的内容是未来的行动，故用过去将来时。 7. I didn't expect that he _______ so soon. A. leaves B. left C. would leave D. has left 答案：C 关键点expected表示过去的期望，而期望的内容是未来的情况，故用过去将来时。 8. My mother said she _______ me a new bike as a birthday present. A. bought B. buys C. would buy D. has bought 答案：C 解析：句子中的said表明这是一个过去的陈述，而她要买一辆新自行车作为生日礼物则是从那个时间点看来的未来计划，因此应使用过去将来时would buy。 9. The doctor told me that I _______ take the medicine every day. A. should B. would C. have to D. would have to 答案：D 解析：虽然should和have to都可以表示“必须”，但在这个句子中，医生是在过去告诉我未来每天都需要做的事情，因此需要使用过去将来时。而have to的过去将来时是would have to。 10. He didn't realize that he _______ leave the country the next day. A. was going to B. would C. is going to D. has gone 答案：A 解析：虽然would也可以表示过去将来，但在这里，be going to更侧重于表示按照计划或意图即将发生的事情。句子中说他没有意识到他“将要”第二天离开国家，因此使用was going to更贴切。 11. She promised her parents that she _______ work hard to improve her grades. A. would B. is going to C. has been D. was 答案：A 解析：promised表明这是一个过去的承诺，而她努力提高成绩则是承诺中的未来行为，因此应使用过去将来时would。 12. The manager said that the report _______ be finished by the end of the week. A. should B. must C. would D. has to 答案：C 解析：said表明经理是在过去说的，而报告需要在周末前完成则是从那个时间点看来的未来要求，因此应使用过去将来时would。should和must虽然可以表示要求，但不符合时态要求。 13. He didn't know if she _______ him the next day. A. called B. would call C. calls D. has called 答案：B 关键点didn't know表示过去的不知道，而她是否会在第二天打电话则是从那个时间点看来的未来情况。 14. The students hoped that they _______ to the museum the next week. A. went B. would go C. go D. are going 答案：B 关键点hoped表示过去的希望，而他们是否会在下周去博物馆则是从那个时间点看来的未来计划。 15. My father said he _______ buy me a new computer if I passed the exam. A. would B. was going to C. had to D. could 答案：A 解析：句子中的said表明这是父亲过去的陈述，而他给我买新电脑的条件是我通过考试，这是一个从过去时间点看来的未来可能发生的条件句，因此应使用过去将来时。而was going to通常用于表达已经计划好或安排好的事情，此处更侧重于条件性，所以would更为合适。 16. The scientist predicted that a new kind of energy _______ be discovered in the next few years. A. will B. would C. was D. is 答案：B 解析：predicted表明科学家是在过去做出的预测，而新能源的发现则是从那个时间点看来的未来事件，因此应使用过去将来时would be discovered。 17. I didn't think it _______ rain that day, so I didn't bring an umbrella. A. was going to B. will C. had D. is 答案：A 解析：didn't think表明我认为这一动作发生在过去，而我认为那天不会下雨则是从那个时间点看来的未来判断，因此应使用过去将来时。而was going to比would更侧重于根据现有情况推测的未来，因此更符合语境。 18. They agreed that they _______ meet at the station at 8:00 the next morning. A. were going to B. would C. should D. have to 答案：A 解析：agreed表明他们是在过去达成的协议，而他们约定在第二天早上8点在车站见面则是从那个时间点看来的未来计划，因此应使用过去将来时。而were going to更侧重于计划好的行动，符合语境。 19. She told her friend that she _______ study abroad after graduation. A. was B. would C. has D. is 答案：B 解析：told表明她是在过去告诉朋友的，而她毕业后出国留学则是从那个时间点看来的未来计划，因此应使用过去将来时would study。 20. He didn't believe that she _______ able to complete the task in such a short time. A. was B. could C. would be D. is 答案：C 解析：didn't believe表明他不相信这一动作发生在过去，而她能在这么短的时间内完成任务则是从那个时间点看来的未来能力判断，因此应使用过去将来时would be able to，但选项简化了为would be，也符合语法和语境。could虽然可以表示能力，但不符合时态要求。 八、过去完成时态 过去完成时的用法   1. 定义和构成： 定义：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 构成：had +过去分词 动作在前的用过去完成时，动作在后的用一般过去时。 By the end of last month, we had built a new computer lab. 到上个月底为止，我们已经建了一个新的电脑实验室。 He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。 She had finished cooking dinner before her guests arrived. By the time I got home, he had already cleaned the entire house. 2. 否定句和一般疑问句 1). 否定句：had 后加 not By the time I left, they had cleaned the room. 否定句为：By the time I left, they had not cleaned the room. 2). 一般疑问句：had 提前 He had already left by the time I got home. 一般疑问句为：Had he already left by the time you got home? 3.  过去完成时的时间标志词 1).  by + 过去时间 ( by有“截止”的意思） by the end of last year/last week/last month... by the time ... By 9 o'clcok last night, I had already finished my homework.  =I had already finished my homework by 9 o'clock last night.  By the end of last year, they had built a new school.（到去年年底，他们已经建了一所新学校。） By the time we got home, they had already eaten dinner. 当我们到家时，他们已经吃过晚饭了。 2). 表示动作先后顺序的连接词 when, after, before 等等。 When I got to the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。 When she arrived at the party, everyone had already started dancing. 当她到达聚会时，大家已经开始跳舞了。  After they had eaten dinner, they went for a walk in the park. 在他们吃完晚饭后，他们去公园散步了。 After he had studied for hours, he finally understood the math problem.在他学习了几个小时后，他终于理解了这道数学题。 I had already brushed my teeth before I went to bed, 我睡觉之前，已经刷了牙。 注意：常与现在完成时连用的副词，如 already（已经）， ever（曾经），for +表示时间段的词，just（刚刚）和 never（从未）也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序。有时我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示先发生的事件，因为意思十分清楚。尤其是在含有before 或 after 的主从复合句中。 After I finished work, I went home.  我完成工作后就回家了。 过去完成时练习题及答案 1. When I arrived at the station, the train _____ already. A. left B. has left C. had left D. leaves 答案：C 解析：句子中“arrived”是过去时，而“left”的动作发生在“arrived”之前，所以使用过去完成时。 2. By the time he came back, we _____ the work for hours. A. had done B. have done C. did D. are doing 答案：A 解析：by the time引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是过去时，从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，则从句用过去完成时。 3. She _____ her homework before her mother came back last night. A. has finished B. finished C. had finished D. will finish 答案：C 解析：last night表明是过去时间，且“finished”发生在“came back”之前，故用过去完成时。 4. They _____ the bridge by the end of last year. A. have built B. built C. had built D. were building 答案：C 解析：by the end of last year表明是过去的某一时间点之前完成的动作，故用过去完成时。 5. He _____ the book for three weeks before he returned it to the library. A. has kept B. kept C. had kept D. keeps 答案：C 解析：for three weeks是表示一段时间的持续，且该动作发生在“returned”之前，故用过去完成时。 6.They _____ the game before the rain started. A. finish B. finished C. had finished D. will finish 答案：C 解析：“the rain started”是过去时，且“完成游戏”发生在“下雨”之前，故用过去完成时。 7.When we arrived, the concert _____ for ten minutes. A. had been on B. has been on C. was on D. had been 答案：A 解析：“arrived”是过去时，且“音乐会进行”是一个持续性的动作，在“到达”之前已经持续了十分钟，所以应使用过去完成时的进行时态。 8.She _____ her speech before the audience arrived. A. had prepared B. prepared C. has prepared D. is preparing 答案：A 解析：“the audience arrived”是过去时，且“准备演讲”发生在“观众到达”之前，所以应使用过去完成时。 9.By the time I got to the station, the train _____ left. A. has already B. already had C. had already D. was already 答案：C 解析：“By the time I got to the station”表明是过去的某一时间点之前完成的动作，且“left”是动词，需要与助动词“had”搭配形成过去完成时。同时，“already”用于强调动作的完成。 10. He _____ his homework before he went out to play football. A. had finished B. finished C. has finished D. will finish 答案：A 解析：“went out”是过去时，且“完成作业”发生在“出去玩”之前，所以应使用过去完成时。 11.By the time she got to the park, the concert _____ started. A. had already B. has already C. already had D. was already 答案：A 解析：句子中使用了“By the time she got to the park”，表示到达公园的时候，音乐会已经开始了。这里需要使用过去完成时来表示“音乐会开始”这一动作发生在“到达公园”之前。正确形式应为“had already started”，但选项中未直接给出完整的动词形式，但从语法结构和语境上判断，A选项“had already”后应接动词的过去分词形式，故A为正确答案。 12.He _____ his homework when his mother came in. A. had just done B. had just finished C. just had finished D. just finished 答案：B 解析：句子描述的是他妈妈进来时，他刚刚完成作业。由于“came in”是过去时，且“完成作业”发生在“进来”之前，所以应使用过去完成时。同时，“just”用于强调动作的刚刚完成，常与“had finished”搭配使用。 13.I _____ the book for two weeks before I decided to return it. A. kept B. have kept C. had kept D. am keeping 答案：C 解析：句子中提到“在我决定归还之前”，说明“保留书籍”这一动作发生在“决定”之前，且持续了两周时间。因此，应使用过去完成时来表示这一持续性的过去动作。 14.By the end of last month, they _____ 10,000 trees. A. had planted B. planted C. have planted D. were planting 答案：A 解析：“By the end of last month”表明是过去的某一时间点之前完成的动作，因此应使用过去完成时。 15.She _____ her luggage before checking in at the hotel. A. had packed B. packed C. has packed D. was packing 答案：A 解析：“checking in”是过去时，且“打包行李”发生在“入住”之前，所以应使用过去完成时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$