江苏省宿迁青华中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期初考试英语试卷

江苏省宿迁青华中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期初考试英语试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：150分） 一、听力选择题（本大题共20小题，共30分） 1．How does the man probably feel now? A．Satisfied. B．Nervous. C．Disappointed. 2．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Classmates. B．Colleagues. C．Teacher and student. 3．What does the man say about Sam? A．He is now in America. B．He will hold a goodbye party. C．He has returned from abroad. 4．What is the man’s middle name? A．Andy. B．James. C．Lee. 5．Why does the woman want to go to America? A．To take language courses. B．To attend a conference. C．To visit some friends. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What has the man done? A．He has booked a ticket. B．He has booked a hotel room. C．He has decided to travel by air. 7．What does the woman plan to do this afternoon? A．Go shopping. B．Pack for the man. C．Book a ticket for the man. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What do the speakers talk about? A．A weekend plan. B．A football game. C．Watching TV. 9．What can we know about the man? A．He doesn’t like football. B．He doesn’t know football rules. C．He will watch a football match on Friday. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。 10．Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．In the man’s house. B．In the museum. C．In the woman’s house. 11．What do we know about the woman? A．She is opposed to killing animals. B．She wants more tiger skins. C．She is in favour of her great-grandfather. 12．What does the woman keep in the house? A．Her great-grandfather’s photo. B．Pictures of Siberian tigers. C．The skin of a Siberian tiger. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 13．When did Leonardo da Vinci become a master painter? A．In 1472. B．In 1467. C．In 1452. 14．Why did Leonardo da Vinci finish very few paintings? A．He lost interest in painting. B．He often gave up his paintings halfway. C．He didn't put his whole heart into painting. 15．How many years did Leonardo da Vinci spend painting the Mona Lisa? A．Four. B．Six. C．Ten. 16．What do we know about Leonardo da Vinci? A．He preferred inventing things to painting. B．He was not good at planning things. C．He was before his time with his ideas. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 17．Why is the man nervous? A．He can’t drive. B．He is lack of practice. C．He fears to speak in public. 18．What happened to the man’s last speech? A．He forgot half of it. B．It was a great success. C．The audience were thankful. 19．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Teacher and student. B．Colleagues. C．Classmates. 20．What does the woman suggest the man do next? A．Have some ice cream. B．Practice the speech more. C．Go to bed early. 二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30分） Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of two familiar foods that would never have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. POTATO CHIPS One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them hack to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced(切成薄片)the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant. TOFU Tofu or bean curd is made by curdling (使凝结的) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2, 000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up(搞砸) a recipe can create something unexpectedly good. 21．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The company that invented cheese got its inspiration from Tofu. B．Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking. C．Potato chips are only popular among Americans. D．Tofu dates back 2, 000 years in China. 22．What do the two foods have in common? A．They are the results of complaints. B．They were not created on purpose. C．They weren’t originally made for people. D．They are both created in China. 23．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To compare the features of some foods. B．To inform readers of some foods. C．To introduce the origins of some foods. D．To recommend some foods. A maverick describes a person who thinks independently. A maverick refuses to follow the customs or rules of a group to which he or she belongs. In the US, a maverick is often admired for his or her free spirit, although others who belong to the maverick’s group may not like the maverick’s independent ways. But where did the word “maverick” come from? Early in the 1800s, a man named Samuel Augustus Maverick settled down in Texas, which was a place of wide-open land, rich soil, cattle ranches(牛场) and cowboys. As the years passed, Mr. Maverick increased his property(财产) in Texas. Before long, he owned huge pieces of land that were good for raising cattle. But he had no cattle. He wasn’t a rancher. One day, a man came to Samuel Maverick to pay him an old debt. But the man didn’t have enough money. So he offered Mr. Maverick 400 head of cattle. Mr. Maverick accepted them, but he didn’t really want them. He simply put the cattle on his land to eat and care for themselves. It was not long before the cows reproduced(繁殖). The calves grew and had more calves. Soon, hundreds of cows and calves moved freely across Samuel Maverick’s land. They also moved across the land of nearby ranch owners. It was a tradition among ranchers in the West to put a mark of ownership on newborn calves. They burned the name of their ranch into the animal’s skin with a hot iron. The iron made a clear mark called a “brand”. Brands allowed ranchers to easily see who owned which cattle. Samuel Maverick refused to brand his calves. “Why should I?” he asked. If all the other cattle owners branded theirs, then those without a brand belonged to him. And this is how the word “maverick” entered the American language. It meant a calf without a brand. As time passed, the word “maverick” took on a wider meaning. It came to mean a person who was too independent to follow even his or her own group. 24．Why did the man give Samuel Maverick 400 head of cattle? A．To get some money. B．To return what he owed him. C．To buy some of his land. D．To ask him to raise them. 25．How could the ranchers easily know who the cattle belonged to? A．Through the brand on the cattle. B．Through the name of the cattle. C．Through the appearance of the cattle. D．Through the land on which the cattle stayed. 26．What can we learn about Samuel Augustus Maverick from the text? A．He was born in Texas. B．He took good care of all his cattle. C．He didn’t really want to accept the cattle. D．He followed the tradition of ranchers in the West. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to become an independent thinker. B．“Maverick” means a calf without a brand. C．The life story of Samuel Augustus Maverick. D．How the word “maverick” got into American English. With the death of congestion pricing which was aimed to charge drivers for driving private cars downtown to ease traffic, New York City is left with drivers still stuck in traffic and riders packed like sardines. How else can we ease traffic jams and provide decent and affordable bus and subway service? Gov. David Paterson took the first step yesterday by thinking of identifying new ways to improve mass transportation. With the income from congestion pricing gone, the city meets with heavy burden from its proposed $29.5 billion five-year capital program. In killing congestion pricing, the city acknowledged that the program is “severely underfunded” and that the shortfall has to be the first area of concern. Now we need other sources of funding or increases real estate and gasoline taxes that finance the authority. The state should now conduct a detailed environmental review of all choices for reducing traffic. Many legislators who opposed congestion pricing expressed concern that the previous plan had been given truncated environmental review, where sufficient study under the State Environmental Quality Review Act was called for. There’s time now for an all-out study of all traffic-reducing choices, from restrictions on driving days based on license plate numbers to mandated car pooling（强制共乘）. Many parties of interests, however, argue that the measures, similar to the congestion pricing, make no better sense in solving the problem. The legislature should also give New York City the tools it needs to make buses go faster.  New York has the most upsetting buses in America: it takes more time to take the M15 bus from New York’s Harlem to City Hall than to travel by “Amtrak” train from New York to Philadelphia. It doesn’t have to be this way. Other cities have demonstrated that buses go faster when more dedicated (专用的) bus lanes are provided, when cameras mounted on buses are used to issue tickets to keep cars out of bus lanes and when traffic signals are designed to give buses priority. Finally, the state should allow the city to issue residential parking permits. A study showed that 45 percent of traffic in Brooklyn New York, consists of cars looking for parking spots. Residential parking permits would discourage drivers from using neighborhood streets as a parking lot, which is definitely good news to the traffic. 28．“Congestion pricing” was mainly used to ________. A．increase fund to finance railway system B．reduce the prices for taking public transportation C．discourage driving private cars in New York city D．give more attention to environmental quality review 29．The underlined word “truncated” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A．incomplete B．outlined C．flat D．adequate 30．The author refers to “Amtrek” in order to demonstrate that ________. A．American railway system is very efficient B．Traveling by trains takes less time than by bus in America C．Bus transportation within New York city is slow D．Public traffic service in America is of poor quality 31．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A．The lack of financial support is an important problem the city faces. B．All cars are forbidden to drive on particular days to help relieve traffic. C．Fining private car drivers for taking bus lanes makes buses faster. D．Lack of parking spots contributed to traffic jams in Brooklyn. If you’re looking for new and creative ways to get fit and stay healthy, the following clever apps can do everything for you- except the exercise itself. Hot5 Fitness         Platform: iOS              Cost: Free From abs(腰腹训练) and core(核心力量), to yoga and flexibility and everything in between, this app contains workout pages and videos that are easy to follow. You can find workout videos of all varieties and difficulty levels that will give you a thorough workout in only five moves. While most fitness app videos look like they were filmed in the 1980s, Hot5’s are modern. The interface(界面) is also beautifully designed and user-friendly. It is to the point and clear-cut, saving your time by skipping the personal questionnaires and signing-up wait. Zombies, Run!       Platforms: iOS, Android      Cost: 25 yuan Yes, the zombie craze has already reached the fitness field. This action-packed app adds an element that is often missing from other workout apps------fun. Zombie, Run!, which has simplified version called Zombies, Run! 5k Training, mixes games and stories into your run as you complete mission in a world full of zombies. Whether you’re gathering supplies, saving a fellow human, or avoiding a crowd of the undead, this app adds excitement to your normal jog with imagination and competition. Sleep Cycle          Platforms: iOS             Cost: 6yuan This app tracks your sleeping patterns by following your movements in bed, without having to spend a fortune on fitness trackers such as Jawbone Up. Based on your movements at night, the app wakes you up with smoothing music when you’re in the lightest stage of sleep, allowing a natural and easy transition into your day. You’ll also get detailed statistics telling when you were awake during the night, or in a deep or light sleep. You can also add notes about your day - whether you had coffee, worked out, or were stressed - to better understand how your sleep is affected by different daily activities. RunKeeper         Platforms: iOS, Android      Cost: Free This app allows you to track not only runs, but pretty much any kind of training you can think of - from walking to cycling to strength training and more. You can track your personal records and set goals for yourself, such as a weight loss goal or a distance goal. You can then view your progress over time. RunKeeper also provides real-time coaching by giving you audible(可听的) updates on your pace, time, distance, and much more. 32．What can be concluded about these apps? A．They all charge a small fee for their service. B．They are all available on both iOS and Android. C．They are designed for people who want to stay fit. D．They can automatically track users’ body movements. 33．What can we learn about Hot5 Fitness? A．It includes classic workout videos from 1980s. B．It offers instructions on many kinds of exercises. C．It is specially designed for professional athletes. D．It requires users to fill in personal questionnaires. 34．What would you strongly suggest to a person who wants to exercise but easily gets bored? A．Hot5 Fitness B．Zombies, Run! C．Sleep Cycle D．RunKeeper 35．By using Sleep Cycle, you can . A．compare your sleep patterns with others. B．train yourself to wake up at a certain time. C．receive instructions on how to sleep well. D．find out what influences your sleep quality. 三、七选五（本大题共5小题，共10分） Phone interviews are typically meant as a way to take out applicants who are unfit for the position, and offer a chance to those with potential for an interview. 36 It gives the employer a brief idea of your background, personality, and overall "fit" for the position. With that in mind, you can prepare for the most common questions. 37 Preparing for this question in advance allows you to think about your goals, your past work experiences, and even your hobbies going with the position. You don't want to sound too well-prepared but writing down a few notes on your background can make this question easier to reply. Salary requirement is another question you should be prepared to answer. 38 Does the job list a salary? What is the average salary for this position? etc. In most cases, it's best to reply that you are open in terms of salary, especially if you don't want to lose the position. A third question to be considered is "Why do you want this position?". Basically, they want to know why you're interested in this company. Doing your research and bringing up some of the company's core values or other details will only strengthen your interest. 39 Last but not least, you will be asked when you can start. This is up to your unique situation. 40 If you need more time, you should not only state that, but also explain why in order to show that you're still interested in the position, but have other reasons for additional time. A．You'd better do your research in advance. B．Generally, a phone interview is the first step in the hiring process. C．Prepare to explain employment gaps so as not to make you look bad. D．Your answers will let the interviewer know more about your personality. E．Don't hesitate to tell the interviewer that you are interested in the position. F．An interview will often begin with the question of "Tell me about yourself". G．However, most applicants will require two weeks' notice from the offer acceptance. 四、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分） We were living in Kentucky. My two sons kept asking me to adopt a dog. Honestly, I 41 to do so. However, with my sons’ endless requests, I finally 42 a trip to an animal center. Actually, I was not in the mood for a pet, for I was struggling with 43 . We’d just moved to Kentucky. I was having trouble 44 . I missed my parents and friends. While wandering around the center, I noticed a little dog curled up (蜷缩) in the corner, shaking. Obviously, she was having a(n) 45 time. The dog called Princess just came the day before. The voices of people and barks of other dogs clearly 46 her. I wanted to take the poor thing in. However, my husband suggested having a look at all the dogs before our 47 . Surprisingly, my two sons agreed to 48 Princess. So finally, we took her home. Princess was quiet in the first few days, but 49 she settled into her new home. In a strange way, knowing I had a “friend”with a(n) 50 experience made me feel better. One day, I was ill, missing my previous home more. Princess stayed with me quietly. Her 51 helped keep my mind off my problems. Soon, I recovered. Since then, Princess and I have fully 52 each other. A few months after Princess came, I 53 a lot. I stopped losing myself in the 54 . I made friends and enjoyed visiting places in a(n) 55 way. 41．A．failed B．preferred C．hesitated D．prepared 42．A．missed B．promised C．imagined D．doubted 43．A．poverty B．childcare C．competition D．homesickness 44．A．learning B．adapting C．planning D．travelling 45．A．enjoyable B．peaceful C．difficult D．independent 46．A．upset B．disappointed C．confused D．inspired 47．A．journey B．decision C．exchange D．experiment 48．A．choose B．reward C．ignore D．check 49．A．strangely B．gradually C．commonly D．accidentally 50．A．painful B．memorable C．adventurous D．similar 51．A．company B．courage C．illness D．character 52．A．waited for B．thought of C．connected with D．dreamed of 53．A．worked B．regretted C．listened D．changed 54．A．mistake B．past C．achievement D．friendship 55．A．green B．quiet C．cheerful D．influential 五、语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Joyful Days in Lovely Anhui Last year I got the chance to explore the area of Huangshan city under the 56 (guide) of a local tourist. Arriving late night at Tunxi and 57 (host )at the four-star Huishang International Hotel, we enjoyed a comfortable and pleasant stay there. The 58 (one) attraction we visited next morning was the famous Yellow Mountain. As expected by its great reputation, the site 59 (perfect) honored its mythical (神话里的) character. After touring round the different attractions 60 circle the mountain, we returned to Tunxi late that afternoon. Thanks to a rich dinner we 61 (drive) with refilled stomachs to Laojie Street, an ancient street in Tunxi for souvenir hunting. The next day we were up for the well-known village Hongcun. Wonderfully located at the remote countryside, it totally went 62 our expectations. Although filled with tourists, it is 63 treasure of its own. Surrounded by small rivers, its houses are 64 ancient and well-protected. Take care, you can get lost in exploration, 65 (feel) put back a 100 years in time at this place. The next morning it was about time to leave Tunxi. My suitcase was packed with the various rich impressions of lovely Anhui. I hope I could explore its beauty in the near future. 六、书信写作（本大题共1小题，共15分） 66．假定你是李华，是一名不久前经历了地震的中学生。请你就一下内容向报社写一封信，反映灾后情况，并对提供各方面帮助的爱心人士表达谢意。要点如下： 1. 目睹了人们奋不顾身救人，及时运送救援物资； 2. 在众多陌生人的帮助下，找回自己的父母，正在重建家园； 3. 更加珍惜来之不易的学习机会，将来会努力学习，回报他人。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear editor, I’m a senior student that has experienced a great earthquake. I’m writing to you to express my thanks to those who helped us when we suffered the disaster. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 七、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25分） 67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One day two years ago, I’d returned from a morning walk with my dog. At the front door, I dug around in my pockets for the keys. When I discovered I didn’t have them, I decided to return to the paths we’d taken. I spent an hour looking, brushing aside tall grasses, but the keys remained lost. I was beginning to get upset as I thought of the consequences of losing them, so I continued to retrace our steps, but in vain. At home again, I pulled the backup key from its hiding place, let myself in the house, and fell on the sofa in tiredness. I began to make a key list. The house key wasn’t that important as I had an extra. The mail key was a big deal because getting a new one takes a lot of time. I had a spare car key, and the key fob (遥控钥匙) would be expensive to replace. And the iron heart made by my grandson was precious beyond measure. For some reason, thinking of it being gone forever made tears come to my eyes. I blamed myself for losing the keys and not being more careful. In my head, I retraced my steps again and again but finally gave up. That night, it turned colder and we had a snow shower. I enjoyed a comfort-food dinner, played soft music, and settled into a peaceful evening. It was peaceful until I heard the frightening noise of my car alarm from the garage. I rushed to the car, inserted the key in the door and finally opened it, and then waited until the alarm stopped. I felt red-faced as I imagined my next-door neighbors being frightened and annoyed. I went back in the house but it started again. I turned it off, went back inside, and the alarm went off again. I repeated the process. Back in the house, I waited, but the next sound was the front doorbell. Assuming it was a neighbor ready to blame me, I opened the door slowly and turned on the light with apologies ready. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In the light snow stood three neighbors from several streets away. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “What a brilliant idea!” I took the keys in my grateful hands. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第11页 共12页 ◎ 第12页 共12页 第9页 共12页 ◎ 第10页 共12页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 C A C A A C A B C C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A C A B A C C A C A 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 D B C B A C D C A C 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 B C B B D B F A E G 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 C B D B C A B A B D 题号 51 52 53 54 55 答案 A C D B C 1．C 【原文】M: You said you could play the drum well. Is that all? I have high hopes for you. W: Hmm... I was too nervous just now. I’ll do better next time. 2．A 【原文】M: How are you getting on with your new neighbours? W: Well, they always smile and say hello. I think they have a lot of visitors because I hear them chatting and playing music in the evenings. M: Oh, that’s annoying. That’s when we do our homework. 3．C 【原文】M: Did you hear about Sam? W: Sam? I thought he’d gone to America. He only went there last week. I remember his goodbye party. M: Oh, yeah. That was a good party. Anyway, he’s back now. 4．A 【原文】W: You wrote your name as Andy today. I thought your name was James. M: James is my first name, but everyone calls me by my middle name.Sometimes, my friends even call me Lee, which is my last name. 5．A 【原文】M: What’s your name please? W: Zhang Ling. M: What’s the purpose of your visit? W: I am a student. I would be attending an English program at the university of Chicago. 6．C 7．A 【原文】W: Tom, are you ready for your trip? M: Not quite. I’ve just decided to travel by air instead of by train, but I haven’t booked a ticket yet. W: Have you found a hotel to stay in? M: Yes. I’ve already decided which one I want to stay in. but I haven’t booked a room yet. W: Does that mean you have to book a flight ticket and a hotel room this afternoon? M: Yes, I’m afraid so, and I need to pack too, so I’m sorry I won’t have time to go shopping with you this afternoon. 8．B 9．C 【原文】M: Wendy, I get confused every time you say the word “football”. Do you mean American football or are you talking about soccer? W: I mean American football. Do you like it? M: Yes! I like this game. But I never watch it on TV. How about you? W: I only watched it on TV once. I don’t understand the rules so it can be a bit boring. M: It’s hard to get excited about it if you don’t understand the rules. Actually, it is easy to get it. I can explain the rules to you. There is a game on Friday if you would like to come. W: Sure, I would love to. 10．C 11．A 12．C 【原文】M: Amelie, is the tiger skin on the wall real? W: Yeah, that’s real. My granny says it’s the skin of a Siberian tiger. M: Oh! The Siberian tigers are the largest living fields! Unfortunately there are only a few hundred alive now. W: I know. My great-grandfather was a hunter and he hunted it. I really wish he hadn’t. M: Well, it’s not your fault. I’m sure you don’t like to hurt animals. W: No Jack, I don’t. I love animals. I’m an animal rights activist in fact. M: Why do you still keep that skin in your house? W: I can’t help it. My parents think it’s a souvenir from their ancestor. 13．A 14．B 15．A 16．C 【原文】W: Today, I’ll talk about a great artist, Leonardo da Vinci. He was born in 1452 in the town of Vinci, near Florence, Italy. At 15, Leonardo went to work with a famous artist. At the age of 20, he was already a master painter. Although da Vinci was a great painter, he never gave up his interest in other subjects. For example, he drew a flying machine 400 years before the airplane was invented. In all, da Vinci designed more than 1,000 inventions. As a matter of fact, da Vinci started many projects that he never finished. He was always more interested in planning projects than doing them. He often quickly lost interest in one project and couldn’t wait to start another. So he completed very few paintings. Da Vinci took four years to paint the Mona Lisa. Unfortunately, the man who ordered the painting didn’t like it and refused to pay him. However, ten years later, da Vinci sold it to the King of France. The King hung it in the Louvre Palace in Paris. Today the Mona Lisa still hangs in the Louvre, which is now a museum. 17．C 18．A 19．C 20．A 【原文】W: Watch out for those people! You are driving really crazy today. Is everything OK? M: Sorry, I’m just thinking about the speech I have to give tomorrow. I worked really hard on it, but I get scared of speaking in front of people. I’m worried I’ll mess it up. W: You can practice it again tonight before bed. You’ll do fine. M: Last time I gave a speech, I thought I was prepared, but I ended up forgetting half of what I wanted to say. Tomorrow night, I’ll feel so thankful that it’s over. W: Just take a deep breath. Everyone in our class has to do it. So everyone else is feeling nervous, including me. You’ re not the only one. M: I know, but it definitely feels like I’m the only one. W: Why don’t you pull in to that ice cream shop right there? Let’s get something good to eat to take your mind off it. 21．D 22．B 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是两种食物的来历。 21．细节理解题。根据TOFU部分中的“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle.(2000年前，一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结，意外地在中国发明了豆腐)”可知，豆腐在2000年前被一位厨师意外地发现。由此可知，豆腐可以追溯到2000年前的中国。故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of two familiar foods that would never have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。下面是两种熟悉的食物的样本菜单，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，就永远不会发生)”可知，本文介绍的是意外发明的食物，并列举了两种食物。由此可知，这两种食物的共同点是：它们都是无意间被发明出来的。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of two familiar foods that would never have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。下面是两种熟悉的食物的样本菜单，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，就永远不会发生)”可知，本文是介绍的是意外发明的食物，并列举了两种种食物进行介绍说明。由此推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍两种食物的来历。故选C项。 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“maverick”这个单词是如何进入美国英语词汇的，它的来源和其含义的演变情况。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段中第一句话“One day，a man came to Samuel Maverick to pay him an old debt. So he offered Mr. Maverick 400 head of cattle.”（ 一天，一个人来找塞缪尔·马弗里克，要他偿还一笔旧债）可知那个人给Samuel Maverick四百头牛是用于还债的。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据第六段中的第二、三、四句话“They burned the name of their ranch into the animal's skin with a hot iron. The iron made a clear mark called a ‘brand’. Brands allowed ranchers to easily see who owned which cattle.”（他们用热熨斗把他们农场的名字烙在动物的皮肤上。熨斗上有一个清晰的标记，叫做“品牌”。品牌让牧场主很容易看到谁拥有哪头牛）可知，用烙铁给牛打上烙印是为了区分牛归属何人。故选A。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中的第二、三、四句话“But the man didn't have enough money. So he offered Mr. Maverick 400 head of cattle. Mr. Maverick accepted them, but he didn't really want them.”（ 但是这个人没有足够的钱。所以他给了马弗里克400头牛。Maverick先生接受了他们，但他并不真正想要它们）可知，Mr. Maverick并不愿意接受这些牛。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据全文，如第二段“But where did the word “maverick” come from?（但是maverick来自哪里呢？）”和最后一段中的第三、四句话“As time passed, the word ‘maverick’ took on a wider meaning. It came to mean a person who was too independent to follow even his or her own group”（随着时间的推移，“特立独行”一词有了更广泛的含义。这意味着一个人太过独立，甚至连自己的团队都无法跟随）可知，本文主要叙述“maverick”如何进入美国英语的。故D。 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．B 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了纽约取消了拥堵收费，采取了新的方法来缓解交通堵塞。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“With the death of congestion pricing which was aimed to charge drivers for driving private cars downtown to ease traffic, New York City is left with drivers still stuck in traffic and riders packed like sardines. ”（随着旨在向在市中心驾驶私家车的司机收取费用，以缓解交通拥堵所收取交通拥堵费的消亡，纽约市的司机们仍然被困在车流中，乘客们挤得像沙丁鱼一样。）可知，拥堵收费的目的是通过向在市区驾驶私家车的司机收取费用来劝阻在纽约市驾驶私家车。故选C。 29．词义猜测题。根据划横线所在句子的后半部分“where sufficient study under the State Environmental Quality Review Act was called for”（需要根据《国家环境质量审查法》进行充分研究的地方）可知，环境审查还需要进一步的研究，所以前面做的不够充分， 可推知truncated的意思为“不完整的，不充分的”。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句话“ New York has the most upsetting buses in America: it takes more time to take the M15 bus from New York’s Harlem to City Hall than to travel by “Amtrak” train from New York to Philadelphia.”（纽约有美国最令人不安的公交车：从纽约哈莱姆坐M15公交车到市政厅比从纽约坐“美铁”列车到费城花的时间更多。）可推测，文章提到 “Amtrak” 是为了表达纽约的公交车很慢这一事实。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“There’s time now for an all-out study of all traffic-reducing choices, from restrictions on driving days based on license plate numbers to mandated car pooling（强制共乘）. ”（现在有时间对所有减少交通的选择进行全面研究，从根据车牌号限制驾驶天数到强制拼车。）可知，限行是根据车牌号进行的，不是在特定的日子里对所有车限行。所以“禁止所有汽车在特定的日子行驶，以缓解交通堵塞。”的表述是错误的。故选B。 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四款有创意的健身APP。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段If you’re looking for new and creative ways to get fit and stay healthy, the following clever apps can do everything for you- except the exercise itself.可知这些APP是为想健身的人准备的。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第一个APP中You can find workout videos of all varieties and difficulty levels that will give you a thorough workout in only five moves.可知Hot5 Fitness提供了许多种类的锻炼指导。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第二个APP中This action-packed app adds an element that is often missing from other workout apps------fun.可知Zombies, Run!这款应用程序中添加了一个元素：乐趣，这个元素经常被其他的应用程序所忽略，所以想要锻炼但是又容易感到厌烦的人可以使用Zombies, Run!这款应用程序，故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据第三个APP中You can also add notes about your day - whether you had coffee, worked out, or were stressed - to better understand how your sleep is affected by different daily activities.可知通过使用Sleep Cycle这款应用程序，你可以找出影响睡眠质量的因素。故选D。 36．B 37．F 38．A 39．E 40．G 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何准备电话面试进行了说明和建议。 36．根据上文“Phone interviews are typically meant as a way to take out applicants who are unfit for the position, and offer a chance to those with potential for an interview.(电话面试通常是一种剔除不适合该职位的求职者，并为那些有潜力的求职者提供面试机会的方式)”以及后文“It gives the employer a brief idea of your background, personality, and overall "fit" for the position. With that in mind, you can prepare for the most common questions.(它能让雇主对你的背景、个性和整体“适合”这个职位有一个简短的了解。记住这一点，你就可以准备最常见的问题了)”可知，后文提到电话面试主要是为了让雇主对你的背景、个性和整体“适合”这个职位有一个简短的了解，即本句是在说明电话面试在招聘中的作用。故B选项“一般来说，电话面试是招聘的第一步”符合语境，故选B。 37．根据后文“Preparing for this question in advance allows you to think about your goals, your past work experiences, and even your hobbies going with the position. You don't want to sound too well-prepared but writing down a few notes on your background can make this question easier to reply.(提前准备这个问题可以让你思考你的目标，你过去的工作经验，甚至你的爱好与这个职位相关。你不想让自己听起来准备得太充分，但在你的背景上做一些笔记可以让你更容易回答这个问题)”可知，后文主要介绍了如何准备回答某个问题，本句为本段第一句，应说明这一问题是什么。故F选项“面试通常以‘介绍一下你自己’这个问题开始”符合语境，故选F。 38．根据上文“Salary requirement is another question you should be prepared to answer.(薪水要求是另一个你应该准备回答的问题)”以及后文“Does the job list a salary? What is the average salary for this position? etc. In most cases, it's best to reply that you are open in terms of salary, especially if you don't want to lose the position.(这份工作有列出薪水吗？这个职位的平均工资是多少？等等。在大多数情况下，最好回答你在薪水方面是公开的，尤其是如果你不想失去这个职位的话)”可知，根据后文列举的一系列关于薪水的问题可推测本句是在说明要就薪水要求提前做好调查。故A选项“你最好提前做好调查”符合语境，故选A。 39．根据上文“A third question to be considered is "Why do you want this position?". Basically, they want to know why you're interested in this company. Doing your research and bringing up some of the company's core values or other details will only strengthen your interest.( 第三个问题是“你为什么想要这份工作？”基本上，他们想知道你为什么对这家公司感兴趣。做好调查，提出一些公司的核心价值观或其他细节只会增强你的兴趣)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明对职位的兴趣问题，E选项中be interested in对应上文中interest。故E选项“不要犹豫，告诉面试官你对这个职位感兴趣”符合语境，故选E。 40．根据上文“Last but not least, you will be asked when you can start. This is up to your unique situation.(最后但同样重要的是，你会被问到什么时候可以开始工作。这取决于你的特殊情况)”后文“If you need more time, you should not only state that, but also explain why in order to show that you're still interested in the position, but have other reasons for additional time.(如果你需要更多的时间，你不仅要说明这一点，还要解释一下为什么，以表明你对这个职位仍然感兴趣，并且有其他额外时间的理由)”可知，本段主要是关于何时开始工作的说明，上文提到了自身的特殊情况，后文则说需要更多时间，可知本句与上文构成转折关系，说明大多数人可以开开始工作的时间。故G选项“然而，大多数申请人要求在接受录取通知书两周后”符合语境，故选G。 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．A 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在远在他乡想家的情况下收养似乎和自己经历相同情感痛苦的小狗Princess。Princess慢慢适应了在作者家的生活，而她也让作者逐渐适应了肯塔基的生活。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老实说，我很犹豫要不要这么做。A. failed失败；B. preferred更喜欢；C. hesitated犹豫；D. prepared准备。根据后文“However, with my sons’ endless requests, I finally　　2　　a trip to an animal center.（然而，在儿子们没完没了的要求下，我终于答应去动物中心。）”可知，作者对于收养一只狗是犹豫的。故选C。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在儿子们没完没了的要求下，我终于答应去动物中心。A. missed错过；思念；B. promised许诺；C. imagined想象；D. doubted怀疑。根据前文“However, with my sons’ endless requests”可知，儿子们不断地请求，最终作者妥协了，答应去动物中心领养一只狗。故选B。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我没有心情养宠物，因为我正在与思乡作斗争。A. poverty贫穷；B. childcare儿童保育；C. competition比赛；D. homesickness乡愁。根据后文“I missed my parents and friends.”可知，作者思念家乡。故选D。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们刚搬到肯塔基州。我很难适应。A. learning学习；B. adapting适应；改编；C. planning计划；D. travelling旅游。根据前文“We’d just moved to Kentucky.”和后文“I missed my parents and friends.”可知，作者刚搬到新地方，思念父母和朋友，很难适应新生活。故选B。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她过得很艰难。A. enjoyable令人愉快的；B. peaceful和平的；C. difficult困难的；D. independent独立的。根据前文“While wandering around the center, I noticed a little dog curled up(蜷缩)in the corner, shaking.( 在中心徘徊时，我注意到一只小狗蜷缩在角落里，浑身发抖。)”可知，这只小狗过得不好。have a difficult time“过得艰难”。故选C。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们的说话声和其他狗的吠声显然使她不安。A. upset不安的；B. disappointed失望的；C. confused困惑的；D. inspired鼓舞的。根据前文“I noticed a little dog curled up(蜷缩)in the corner, shaking.”可知，说话生和狗吠生让这只小狗不安。故选A。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我丈夫建议在我们做决定之前先看看所有的狗。A. journey旅程；B. decision决定；C. exchange交换；D. experiment试验。根据前文“I wanted to take the poor thing in.”可知，作者想要收养这只狗，作者的丈夫建议她在决定前再看看其它的狗。故选B。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，我的两个儿子都同意选择Princess。A. choose选择；B. reward酬谢；奖赏；C. ignore忽视；D. check检查。根据后文“So finally, we took her home.”可知，作者的两个儿子也选择Princess，因此他们收养了这只狗。故选A。 49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Princess在最初的几天很安静，但是逐渐地她适应了她的新家。A. strangely奇怪地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. commonly常见地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据前文“Princess was quiet in the first few days”和but可知，开始几天小狗很安静，逐渐地适应了新家。故选B。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，知道我有一个有类似经历的“朋友”让我感觉好多了。A. painful疼痛的；B. memorable难忘的；C. adventurous勇于冒险的；D. similar相似的。根据前文“We’d just moved to Kentucky. I was having trouble　　4　　. I missed my parents and friends.”可知，作者感觉小狗和自己相似，都在适应新生活。故选D。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的陪伴帮助我不去想我的问题。A. company陪伴；B. courage勇气；C. illness疾病；D. character性格。根据前文“Princess stayed with me quietly”可知，小狗陪伴着生病的作者。故选A。 52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快，我恢复了健康。从那时起，Princess和我就完全联系在一起了。A. waited for等待；B. thought of考虑；C. connected with与……有联系；D. dreamed of梦想。根据前文“Princess stayed with me quietly. Her　　11　　helped keep my mind off my problems.”可知，作者和小狗彼此陪伴，完全联系在一起了。故选C。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Princess来了几个月后，我改变了很多。A. worked工作；B. regretted遗憾；C. listened听；D. changed改变。根据后文“I made friends and enjoyed visiting places”可知，作者改变了很多，开始交朋友，去游玩。故选D。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再沉浸在过去。A. mistake错误；B. past往事；C. achievement成就；D. friendship友谊。根据后文“I made friends and enjoyed visiting places”可知，作者不再沉浸在过去的往事中，开始交朋友等。故选B。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我结交了朋友，愉快地游览了许多地方。A. green绿色的；B. quiet安静的；C. cheerful高兴的；D. influential有影响的。根据前文“I stopped losing myself in the　　14　　.”可知，作者不再沉浸在过去，结交了朋友，愉快地游览了许多地方。故选C。 56．guidance 57．hosted 58．first 59．perfectly 60．which/that 61．drove 62．beyond 63．a 64．both 65．feeling 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在当地游客的带领下游览安徽的经历。 56．考查名词。句意：去年，我有机会在一位当地游客的指导下探索黄山市。空处应用名词构成名词所有格，结合句意表达“指导”用guidance，抽象概念，不可数。故填guidance。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：深夜抵达屯溪，并在四星级徽商国际酒店受到接待，我们在那里享受了舒适愉快的住宿。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词和上文arriving并列作状语，host和逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填hosted。 58．考查序数词。句意：第二天早上我们参观的第一个景点是著名的黄山。结合句意和空前定冠词the可知表达“第一”应用序数词first。故填first。 59．考查副词。句意：正如人们所期待的那样，这个景点完美地展现了它的神话特征。修饰其后动词honored应用副词。故填perfectly。 60．考查定语从句。句意：在游览了环山的不同景点后，我们于当天下午晚些时候回到屯溪。空处引导限制性定语从句，指物的先行词attractions在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 61．考查时态。句意：吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐，我们带着填饱的肚子开车去了老街——屯溪的一条古街，去寻找纪念品。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填drove。 62．考查介词。句意：它坐落在偏远的乡村，完全超出了我们的预期。根据句意表达“超乎想象，超过预期”用beyond one’s expectations。故填beyond。 63．考查冠词。句意：虽然到处都是游客，但它本身就是一件珍宝。treasure作“珍宝”时为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，treasure的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 64．考查固定短语。句意：被小河环绕，它的房屋古老且保护得很好。结合句意和空后and可知表达“既……又……”用both...and...。故填both。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：小心，你可能会在探索中迷失，感觉回到了100年前。分析可知，逗号后部分为状语，应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语you和feel之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填feeling。 66．Dear editor, I’m a senior student that has experienced a great earthquake. I’m writing to you to express my thanks to those who helped us when we suffered the disaster. During that time, I witnessed that many strangers devoted their efforts to saving lives, providing food and clothes regardless of their own safety. Without their help, I couldn’t have found my parents in such a short time, which made me excited. besides, new houses are also being rebuilt and I have returned to my classroom to attend classes as usual. Therefore, I will treasure the opportunity of studying in the classroom again. The help from others lets me know how I can take others’ needs into consideration. It also makes me realize the importance of helping and caring for those in need during disasters. I’ll study harder and help more people in return. Yours, Li Hua 【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。 【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封信：假定你是李华，是一名不久前经历了地震的中学生。请你就一下内容向报社写一封信，反映灾后情况，并对提供各方面帮助的爱心人士表达谢意。要点如下：1. 目睹了人们奋不顾身救人，及时运送救援物资；2. 在众多陌生人的帮助下，找回自己的父母，正在重建家园；3. 更加珍惜来之不易的学习机会，将来会努力学习，回报他人。时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； witness（目睹），rebuild（重建），strangers（陌生人），importance（重要性），treasure（珍惜），attend（上课），opportunity （机会），safety（安全）及effort（努力）等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。 67．One possible version: In the light snow stood three neighbors from several streets away. One of them, a young lady, held out her gloved hand, with my lost keys hanging from her finger and a giant smile on her face! So moved and overjoyed was I that I wanted to give her a big hug, to express my deepest gratitude, but in a COVID world, all I could do was say, “Oh, my goodness! Thank you so much!” She further explained that my key fob had the alarm button, which helped them find my home by keeping pressing it. “What a brilliant idea!” I took the keys in my grateful hands. Actually, I thought the iron heart I valued most would never come back to me again. “How can I ever thank you? You are so very kind!” I was dazzled by her cleverness and didn’t think to ask where she had found them. Before she and the other neighbors waved goodbye and disappeared into the evening snow, she said, “It’s not a big deal. Happy to help. You would have done the same thing!” 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一次散步时，不小心把自己的钥匙给弄丢了，虽然原路返回仔细查找，但还是没找到。作者很伤心，因为钥匙上有孙子送给自己的礼物。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几条街外的三个邻居站在小雪中。”可知，第一段可描写作者的几个邻居给作者送来了钥匙。 ②由第二段首句内容“多棒的主意！”我感激地把钥匙拿在手里。”可知，第二段可描写作者非常感激这几个邻居。 2.续写线索：丢钥匙——仔细回忆——难过——听到警报声——门铃响了——送来钥匙——感动 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①伸出：hold out/reach out ②以为：think/believe/suppose ③珍视：value/treasure 情绪类 ①感激：gratitude/appreciation ②友善的：kind/friendly 答案第12页，共13页 答案第13页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null