Unit 4 Natural Disasters 知识点复习讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

第一部分：单词 1. 英汉对译 tornado drogugh landslide landfall tsunami magnitude evacuate helicopter crack brick metal percent revive revival unify context typhoon hurricane tap pipe whistle first aid kit Ecuador Memphis Alberta Colombo Sri Lanka Indonesia Thailand Sumatra Chandra Theeravit 2. 3. 会变词形 disasterdisastrous volcanovolcanic erupteruption electricityelectricelectricallelectricizeelectronicelectronicselectronically wisdomwise emergencyemergent summarysummarizesum 4. 课本所见 reduction summary flood-hit area shelter keen deadly useless relative monitor senior release tip hook destruction minimise toctonic section completely 5. 1). Life in a small town could be deadly dull. 小镇的生活有时会相当无聊。 2). The Sudan version was deadly enough, killing 50% of those it infected. 苏丹版的病毒更加致命,致使50%的感染者死亡。 3). The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. 趁着其他父母对下一个赛季欣慰放松之时，教练能够集中精力训练孩子们。 4). I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel's books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. 在大学我被要求去阅读Bernie Siegel的一部作品而自那以后被他积极的态度所着迷。 5). Seeing as how we got on so well together, it just seemed natural that we should hook up. 看我们相处的那么好，就好像我们天生就该搭档在一起。 6). Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. 渔业和野生动物管理局密切监视并控制着黄石公园里的狼群。 6. 列举掌握 slide 1). Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search. (从悬崖滑下) 2). Documentary: a visual presentationsuch as a video,slide show,or computer projectno more than 10 minutes long. (幻灯展示) flood 1). Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. 成年人能够理解到处东西是什么感觉。 2). But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you? What antique shop?"  被人连珠炮般的问道 3). Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. （涌入） 4). The project connects flooded roads and highways. （被洪水冲毁的道路） rescue 1).  I was the first western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 以免饿死从野外营救的大熊猫。 2). I got a rescue call from a woman in muttontown. 求救电话 aid 1). In tonight's faster special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. 帮助（动词短语） 2). Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.帮助（介词短语） death 1). But pronouncing the death of class is too early.但是宣布阶级的消亡还为时过早。 2).  A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 每天只要5—10分钟的跑步可以降低因心脏病和其他所有诱因导致的早死。 as if 1). It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.好像一起嚎叫好像可以帮助狼群保持联系。 2). It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. 看起来好像除了我每个人都有朋友并玩得都很开心。 3). When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 当脂肪和盐被从食物中除掉后，食物尝起来好像缺失了什么东西。 breathe 1). If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. 及物动词，呼吸空气。 2). If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. 不及物动词，呼吸。 3). I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. 名词短语，气喘吁吁，上气不接下气。 4). After climbing up a hill for a panoramic view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath. 名词短语，喘口气 power 1). Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. 思维能力 2). More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 电厂 3). I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person's world. 有能力做什么 4). It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. 强壮的, 强有力的 survive 1). It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. 动词，生存 2). She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks. 及物动词，熬过头几个礼拜。 3). Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 对我们的生存来说 crash 1). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. 名词，撞击，冲撞，装车 2). He crashed into a car parked there. 动词， 撞上，冲入 3). In July, a sister craft of the crashed spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished. 形容词，失事飞船 sweep 1). Wintry weather continues to sweep across Britain. 寒冷的天气继续席卷整个英国。 2). In times of war, governments often sweep human rights aside. 战争时期，政府经常对人权置之不顾。 3). Did you sweep up all the broken glass? 你有没有把碎玻璃都扫掉? 4). Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden. 被扫进 5). The beautiful sweeping coastline was cloaked in mist. 美丽的海岸线一望无际，笼罩在迷雾之中。 wave 1). As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. 动词，招手示意，晃动 2).It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. 名词，社会潮流，大趋势 3). Little kids and the elderly are the ones who have suffered the most from this extreme heat wave. 热浪 effect affectaffection 1). Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development. 实际上 2). The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. 对什么有···影响 3). According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to avoid robots' affecting the world. 动词，影响 4). To my mother, the poem revealed a parent's affection when her child grows up and leaves. 名词，喜爱 length 1). At length they came within sight of the castle. 他们终于看见城堡了. 2). The movie is nearly two hours in length. 这个电影几乎有2小时长。 7. 重点掌握 damage <destroy< ruin 这三个动词在破坏程度上一个比一个严重 1). At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.有破坏性的 2). Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.收到挫折但未被击败， 3). Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly. 不及物动词，损伤，遭受损毁 4). One of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.令他人受害的。 5). Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.被损毁的 6). Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher could result in damage to personal property. 对什么造成伤害 7). When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books. 破坏 8). When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. 处于废墟的状态。 9). This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who "ruined" it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. 完全毁掉 supply 1). Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! he didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies.其他必需品 2). Our task is to supply vegetables all the year round. 动词，供应 3). Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton. 供应商 shock 1). I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 震惊 2). Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.电击 3). So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. 惊人的 4). They were shocked to find two policemen standing next to it. 做什么事情吃惊 5). The three of them knelt down beside Juliet's bed in shock. 处于震惊状态的。 6). Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality. 令人吃惊地是 7). Later,Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered "little of childhood but its pain". vt.让···震惊 trap 1). Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. 被包围，被什么困扰 2). He freed it from the trap. 名词, 夹子，陷阱 3). Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. 被困在···内 bury 1). When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. 锁住 2). The document was discovered buried in the university archives(档案). 堆在什么之中，埋在什么里面。 3). I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. 聚精会神地做什么 strike 1). Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.突然出现 2). It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. 3). Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.被撞到 4). These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone.令人吃惊的 5). The snake coiled up, ready to strike. 攻击 6). The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the country's ports.罢工 7). A senior defence official said last night that they would continue the air strikes. 打击 deliver 1).  Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay and watch.传递， 2). I usually have fast food delivered to my office.分发，派递 3). Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. 名词，派递 4). Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. 动词，接生 5). In the letter,Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. 授课、演讲 calm 1). I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. 动词短语，平静。 2). It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.形容词，心态平和的 3). Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly. 平心静气地，平静地 4). Blue is another calming color. 形容词，令人平静地。 5). A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 比较级，更平静的 第二部分：短语 raise awareness 提高认识 reduce mortolity 降低死亡率 safety measures 安全措施 relief work 安抚工作 a report on 关于什么的报道 as usual 如往常一样 tens of thousands of 许多 in shock 吃惊地 in times of 在···样的时代 stay positive 保持积极向上的态度 warning signs 警报信号 in the revival of 在···的复兴中 win praise for 因什么而获奖 wake up 苏醒，醒来 in the open air 在野外 take turns to do 轮流做什么 prepare for 为什么做准备 safety instructions 安全指导 stay away from 远离 keep/have on hand 保持···随时在手边 in all directions 从各个方向 in danger 处于危险 run to safety 逃离到安全地带 follow the steps 按步骤做 give somebody a clear idea of 让人清楚明白··· put up 支起，树立 supporting points 论据 cause damage 造成损失 trap from 受困于 a supply of 一些，一部分 keep quiet 保持安静 carry out 执行，实施 live a new life 过着新的生活 help somebody rebuild 帮助某人重建 out of gratitude 出于感激 in a wish to do 想要做 give a presentation on 做关于什么的展示 a symbol of spirit 一种精神象征 known causes 已知诱因 visual aids 直观教具 out of nowwhere 突然地 a series of 一系列的 第三部分：句子 1. Dogs refused to go inside buildings. 本句应该关注的是一类词，一般情况下，表示“意愿”的动词，后面都可以加to do做宾语。比如：promise to do, intend to do, plan to do, prefer to do, mean to do, hesitate to do, desire to do等。 练习： 1). The little boy offered_____( carry) the heavy box for his mother. (to carry) 2). The lady managed_______( go) to hospital before her husband came back. (to go) 3). The boy pretended_______(read) his book when his mother came in. (to be reading) 4). The boy pretended_______(know) all the answers when the teacher asked him the questions.(to have known) 2. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 本句要关注的要点是in+段时间的短语，可以用在一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时。本句即为一般过去时。 练习： 1). In the coming months, we ______(bring) together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language. (are bringing) 2). Probably, realization _____(set) in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. ( will set) 3). Just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades _____(go) on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. (has gone) 4). I gathered my courage, walked to the blackboard and _____(work) it out in no time. (worked) 3. All of its hospitals were gone. 1). Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. 很快庞大的鸟群不见了，再也没出现过。 2). If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 如果我们不阻止气候的改变，世界上很多动植物将灭绝。 3). In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. 通常就是在他们不在的时候照看一下他们的物品。 4). But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he’ll do. 他说，一旦钱要是花光了，他不知如何是好。 5). Gone will be the days when Luxembourg has more voting rights than India, China and Brazil. 卢森堡日印度、中国和巴西拥有更多的票数的日子将一去不返了。 4. People were in shock. 本句的考点在于，in+抽象名词，可以表达状态，或表示在某方面。 1). The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. 2). It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence. 3). Her simple act landed Parks in prison. 4). Some wildernesses contain them in abundance. 5). It is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith. 5. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people. 这个结构我们在学native的时候，曾经见到过类似的表达(可以说be strange to, be native to, be alien to, be home to, be foreign to等)，但是这些表达中的词汇都是形容词或副词，课文里用的这个home却是名词。这一类词汇常见的有way, key, solution, answer, entrance, exit, path, bridge, door, hall, passage, approach, access等。 1). This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island. 2). He followed the stones steps to the swimming pool. 3). The aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. 6. 非谓语动词的用法，在前面的单元曾经讲过，这里就不再赘述，将下面的句子还原。 1). Read the sentences ______(describe) what happened after a huge earthquake. (describing) 2). Everyone was in shock, ________(think) the world must be coming to an end. (thinking) 3). _______ an emergency kit_______(prepare) is also very important.(提早准备) (Having··· prepared) 4). The tsunami crashed into the coastlines across Asia yesterday, _____(kill) more than 65000 people. (killing) 7. 填入适当介词 1). The number of deaths stood _____ 2498 and more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.( at) 2). Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up_____ its feet. (on) 3). Thousands of children were left ______ parents. (without) 填入适当词形 4). The number of people _____(be) more than 400, 000. (was) 5). Foreign aid _____(organise) for the tsunami-hit countries. (is being organized) 6). People began to wonder _____ long the disaster would last. ( how) 7). The number of deaths _______(expect) to grow even higher over the next few days. ( is expected) 第四部分：语法 虚拟语气的类型(口诀：一个if，两个“要是”、“要不是”“三种句型”，四种词汇，“希望”你记住) 1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.----虚拟语气 1). 一个if 条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(was→were) would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时 (was→were ) ; should do; were to do would/could/might/should do If I had caught the first bus, I wouldn’t have missed so much of the concert. If she were a man, she would be elected president. If I were to take the exam, I would not be able to help. 2). 两个 “要是” “要不是”（if only, but for, without ） Without water, no living things would survive on the earth. But for your advice, I wouldn’t have been where I am now. I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. 3). 三种句型(通常用一般过去式的形式) It is (high)time that somebody did something. Would you mind if I did something. I’d rather you did something. 4). 四种词汇 一坚持(insist)，而命令(order, command)，三要求(require, request, demand)，四建议(advise, suggest, recommand, propose)，省略should的虚拟语气。 The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave. 5). 希望你记住—wish Wish you could remember all the rules. 2. The soldiers dag out those who were trapped and buried the dead.----定语从句(以下面的6个句子为代表) 1). Imagine a future ____ most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. (where) 2). Their child is at the stage 　　　 she can say individual words but not full sentences. (where) 3). I live next door to a couple, 　　　children often make a lot of noise. (whose) 4). The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year,　　　is reported.  (as) 5). Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon　　　 school education depends.  (which) 6). She and her family bicycle to work,　　　helps them keep fit.  (which) 3. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.----with的复合结构 1). Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few elderly speakers ____ (leave). (left) 2). Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering ____ the piano. (on) 3). Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat ______ (concetrate)to the center of the room. (concentrated) 同步练习 第一节 (共15题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) (A) World Series, the United States A century’s worth of the World Series has seen many exciting matches. To get to the series, each of the 32 teams in the major leagues must experience a 162-game season, followed by three playoffs. The first is a best-of-five series, followed by two best-of-seven series. Super Bowl, the United States The Super Bowl is so big that even the commercial advertisements are worth watching.When it was held for the first time in 1967, there were plenty of empty seats and it attracted a small TV audience. It is the competition between the top team from the American Football Conference and the top team from the National Football Conference for the Vince Lombardi Trophy. 24 Hours of Le Mans, France Skill,speed and stamina are the three dimensions that mark the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The competition is set on a non-permanent track at Circuit de la Sarthe near the city of Le Mans in France. The winner is the car, driven by a team of three drivers, which covers the greatest distance in 24 hours. The first Le Mans contest took place in May 1923. Today it is held every June. Polo at Palermo,Argentina Argentine polo is considered the best in the world. It’s no wonder the Argentine Open Championship is the top draw for the sport’s best players and fans. The tournament, first known as the River Plata Polo Championship, takes place between late November and early December. First held in 1893, the tournament is older than the tango. 16. What do we know about the Super Bowl? A. Its ads are the best. B. It is a championship game. C. Few people watch it now. D. The Vince Lombardi Trophy is its official name. 17. What kind of race is the 24 Hours of Le Mans? A. A motorcycle race B. A cycling race C. A car race D. A long-distance running race 18. Which of the four sporting events has the longest history? A. The World Series B. The Super Bowl C. The 24 Hours of Le Mans D. The Polo at Palermo (B) Computers are very important to modern life. Many people think that in the future we will use computers in everyday life. It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. People will use the Internet to play games, see films and buy food. Also, we can use the Internet to make telephone calls. Some people are glad about these new ways of shopping and communication Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways. Let’s look at books, for example. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers. We’ll read texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time. We won’t need to turn to lots of pages and we will save lots of paper. We will use more and more computerized books. Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers, because paper books may be more friendly. Maybe computers won’t change these two habits. 19. In Paragraph 1 it is thought people will use computers for________. A. playing games, shopping and making telephone calls B. making telephone calls, having meals and seeing films C. seeing films, buying food, and going for holidays D. playing games, making telephone calls and seeing the doctor 20. Which reason for using computerized books is NOT said in the passage? A. Computerized books won’t be very expensive. B. Computers can keep many different books in them. C. We won’t have lots of pages. D We won’t need any paper. 21. Paragraph 4 tells ________. A. about the old and new ways of shopping and communicating B. if the Internet will change our habits C. about computerized books D. about future uses of computers 22. The title for this passage is___________. A. Computers Will Replace Shop and Books B. Computers and the Future C. Computers will Do Everything for Man D. How Computers Change Our Habits (C) Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元) in our brains. Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people. Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the area which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball). Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders. Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps you’ll understand why. 23. Mirror neurons can explain . A. why we cry when we are hurt B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold C. why we smile when we see someone else smile D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late 24. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”. A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up 25. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons . A. relate to human behavior and interaction B. control human physical actions and feelings C. result in bad behavior and social disorders D. determine our knowledge and language abilities 26. What is the passage mainly about? A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons. C. Existence of mirror neurons. D. Functions of mirror neurons. (D) “It’s over! Thank goodness!” School was over and I was tired. I sat at the front of the school bus. Janie, the driver, always tries to break the uncomfortable atmosphere by talking. I try to listen politely, but usually I’m too busy thinking about my day. On this day, however, her talk was worth listening to. “My father’s ill,” she said to no one in particular. I could see worry in her eyes. I had never seen her like this before. She always meets students with a smile. With a sudden chance of interest, I asked, “What’s wrong with him?” With her eyes wet and her voice unusual, she answered, “Heart trouble.” Her eyes lowered as she continued, “I’ve already lost my mum, so I don’t think I can stand losing him.” I couldn’t answer. My heart ached for her. I sat on the seat thinking of the great pain my own mother was thrown into when her father died. I saw how hard it was, and still is, for her. I wouldn’t want anyone to go through that. Suddenly I realized Janie wasn’t only a bus driver, which was just her job. She had a whole world of family and cares too. I shouldn’t have been so selfish. I paid no attention to Janie because she was a bus driver. I had judged her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant. I shouldn’t have been so selfish and self-centered. Understanding people is an art. 27. When the students get on the school bus, Janie usually ________. A. listens to music B. talks about her own worry C. sits on her seat without words D. meets them with a smile 28. After she learned Janie’s story, the writer thought of ________. A. her father’s death B. her mother’s pain C. the ache of her own heart D. the pain of Janie’s parents 29. The writer felt herself selfish because she had ________. A. thought of Janie as nothing but a driver B. made only a few friends in the school C. hardly thought of herself D. never listened to others 30. In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ________. A. losing parents makes people sad and helpless B. understanding the people around us takes time C. we should learn to understand the people around us D. it’s not right to judge the people around us by their clothes 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Dogs do not see the world in the same way that we do. They rely on their body language for communication. Read on to see the ways they SHOW their feelings and emotions through their actions and behaviors! How They Bark There are several reasons dogs bark. If it is loud and frequent, it might be something urgent. Perhaps they sense danger and want to let you know. ____31____Loud barking can also mean that they are in pain. Make sure to pay attention to figure it out! On Your Feet ___32___It might be a little annoying, but your dogs mean well! This is their way to show their love and loyalty. They only want to be as close to you as possible. It is behavior that they got from their ancestors when they used to run as a pack. Eye Movement In certain ways, dogs are like humans. ____33____They look at the ground when they feel tired or sad. Meanwhile, they open their eyes wide and look around when they are excited. A raised eyebrow might mean confusion. Make sure to take these all into account! Barking At Nothing Sometimes when our dogs are looking out the window and start barking, we notice there is nothing actually there for the dog to bark at, so why are they barking? ____34____Your house is their house, too, and they want any and all intruders (侵入者) to know that they are there. ____35____ If your dog refuses to eat when another dog or human is in the room with them, it is not because of any other reason except for the fact that they do not want to share their food with you. While humans likely don’t think about this because we don’t eat dog food, dogs don’t understand that! A. Using Their Tails B. Only Eating Alone C. They tend to show emotions with their eyes as well. D. They could be doing this because they are protecting your house. E. Shorter and softer barks, meanwhile, mean that they want to play. F. Dogs like to lie on your feet when you are eating dinner or watching TV. G. They have been waiting for you to come back, and they cannot control their excitement. 二、完形填空 (共20 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分) After their business trip，John and Mary returned，eager to see their lovely children. As they drove into their hometown feeling glad to be back，they noticed ___36___，and they went off their usual route to see what it was. They found a ___37___ in flames. Mary said，“Oh，well，it isn’t our fire，let’s go home.” But John ___38___ closer and screamed，“That home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the plant. He wouldn’t be ___39___ works yet，maybe there is something we could do.” “It has nothing to do with us，”Mary ___40___. But John drove up and stopped and they were both horror－stricken to see the whole house in ___41___.A woman on the lawn was screaming，“The children！Get the children！”John ___42___ her by the shoulder saying，“Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are！”“In the ___43___，”cried the woman，“down the hall and to the left.” In spite of Mary’s disagreement，John ___44___ for the basement which was full of smoke and ___45___ hot. He found the door and two children.___46___ he left ，he could hear some more sobbing .He ___47___ the two badly frightened children into ___48___ arms and started back asking how many more children were down there. They told him ___49___ more and Mary grasped his arm and screamed，“John！Don’t go back！It’s ___50___！That house will fall down any second.” ___51___ he ran into the smoke－filled hallway and at last he found both children. As he climbed up the ___52___ stairs，the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely ___53___ about the little bodies next to him，and at last when they came out into the ___54___ and fresh air，he found that he had just ___55___ his own children. The baby－sister had left them at this home while she did some shopping. 36. A. direction B. mistake C. danger D. smoke 37. A. home B. plant C. store D. kitchen 38. A. ran B. walked C. drove D. rode 39. A. at B. off C. to D. on 40. A. whispered B. nodded C. disagreed D. required 41. A. ruins B. pieces C. flames D. silence 42. A. pushed B. seized C. greeted D. stopped 43. A. basement B. department C. house D. hall 44. A. went B. reached C. asked D. rushed 45. A. heavily B. slightly C. partly D. terribly 46. A. If B. As C. Since D. Unless 47 A. comforted B. delivered C. recognized D. protected 48. A. cheering B. freezing C. waiting D. suffering 49. A. many B. several C. three D. two 50. A. dangerous B. foolish C. practical D. painful 51. A. Therefore B. So C. Instead D. But 52. A. wide B. endless C. final D. dirty 53. A. particular B. interesting C. familiar D. fortunate 54. A. car B. sunlight C. crowd D. moonlight 55. A. rescued B. found C. lost D. missed (A) 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了全球一些著名的体育大赛。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is the competition between the top team from the American Football Conference and the top team from the National Football Conference for the Vince Lombardi Trophy.(这是来自美国足球联盟的顶级球队和来自美国国家足球联盟的顶级球队之间争夺文斯·隆巴迪奖杯的比赛。)”可知，Super Bowl是一场冠军赛。故选B项。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The winner is the car, driven by a team of three drivers, which covers the greatest distance in 24 hours. (获胜者是一辆由三名司机组成的车队驾驶的汽车，它能在24小时内跑完最长的距离)”可知，这是一场汽车比赛。故选C项。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A century’s worth of the World Series has seen many thrilling matches. (长达一个世纪的世界大赛见证了许多激动人心的比赛)”；第二段“When it was held for the first time in 1967, there were plenty of empty seats and it appealed to a small TV audience. (1967年首次举办时，有很多空座位，吸引了一小部分电视观众)”；第三段“The first Le Mans contest took place in May 1923. Today it is held every June.(第一届勒芒比赛于1923年5月举行，现在每年6月举行)”；第四段“ First held in 1893, the tournament is older than the tango.(第一次举办于1893年，比探戈更古老)”可知，Polo at Palermo的历史最悠久。故选D项。 (B) 【答案】19. A 20. A 21. B 22. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了计算机在将来生活中的广泛应用以及计算机如何改变了我们的习惯。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. People will use the Internet to play games, see films and buy food. Also, we can use the Internet to make telephone calls. (人们认为我们不必去购物，因为我们可以买到网上商店出售的大多数东西。不会再有书了，因为我们将能够从计算机上获取所有文本。人们将使用互联网玩游戏、看电影和买食物。此外，我们可以使用互联网打电话)”可知，在第1段中，人们认为电脑将可以用来玩游戏、购物、看电影和打电话。故选A项。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, we will buy and read books using computers. We’ll read texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time. We won’t need to turn to lots of pages and we will save lots of paper. We will use more and more computerized books.(相反，我们将使用计算机购买和阅读书籍。我们将在小型袖珍电脑上阅读文本。计算机将同时保存许多不同的书。我们不需要翻很多页，我们会节省很多纸张。我们将使用越来越多的电脑书籍)”可知，A选项“电脑书籍不会很贵”没有被提及。故选A项。 【21题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers, because paper books may be more friendly. Maybe computers won’t change these two habits.(网上购物和去商店一样是一种乐趣吗？许多人说不是。走进商店看看你想买的东西是一种乐趣。许多人也不太可能想在电脑上阅读大文本，因为纸质书籍可能更友好。也许电脑不会改变这两个习惯)”可知，第四段主要讲述互联网是否将能改变我们的习惯。故选B项。 【22题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Computers are very important to modern life. Many people think that in the future we will use computers in everyday life. It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. People will use the Internet to play games, see films and buy food. Also, we can use the Internet to make telephone calls.(计算机对现代生活非常重要。许多人认为未来计算机将在日常生活中得到广泛应用。人们认为，我们不必去购物，因为我们可以在网上买到商店里出售的大部分东西。不再有书了，因为我们将能够从计算机上获取所有文本。互联网将被用来玩游戏、看电影和买食物。此外，我们还可以利用互联网来打电话。)”以及下文内容可知，短文介绍了计算机在将来生活中的广泛应用以及计算机如何改变我们的习惯。因此短文的最佳标题为“计算机如何改变我们的习惯”。故选D项。 (C) 【答案】23. C 24. A 25. A 26. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是神经元对于人类的行为和人类互动的作用。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. (简单地说，镜像神经元的存在表明，每当我们看到别人做某事时，我们的大脑就会模仿它，不管我们是否真的做了同样的动作。)”可知镜像神经元可以解释为什么我们看到别人微笑时也会微笑。故选C。 【24题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段的“A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”) (一组研究人员发现，如果他们让人们听句子（例如:“手握住球”）)”和“when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball) (当这个动作真正被执行时（在这个例子中，实际上是抓住一个球）)”可知，他们在做出句子描述的动作时镜像神经元被触发，因此划线词triggered的意思是“触发”，和set off相近，故选A。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact. (对镜像神经元的研究似乎为我们提供了更多关于人类行为和互动的信息。)”可知镜像神经元与人类行为和互动有关，故选A。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的疑问句“Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? (你知道当你看到别人打哈欠时自己也开始打哈欠是什么感觉吗？或者置身于大笑的人群中却不笑自己有多难？)”及最后一段的“Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact. (对镜像神经元的研究似乎为我们提供了更多关于人类行为和互动的信息。)”可知，本文主要告诉我们mirror neurons的作用，D项“Functions of mirror neurons.(镜像神经元的功能。)”能概括文章大意。故选D。 (D) 【答案】27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某天放学发现司机Janie情绪低落，交谈后得知是因为Janie的母亲去世了，这让作者想到了自己的痛苦，从中认识到应该学会理解周围的人。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“She always meets students with a smile.(她总是微笑着迎接学生)”可知，当学生们上了校车，Janie通常会微笑着迎接他们。故选D。 28题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“I sat on the seat thinking of the great pain my own mother was thrown into when her father died.(我坐在座位上，想起了我母亲在她父亲去世时所承受的巨大痛苦)”可知，在得知Janie的故事后，作者想到了她母亲的痛苦。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I shouldn’t have been so selfish. I paid no attention to Janie because she was a bus driver.(我不应该这么自私。我没有注意Janie，因为她是公共汽车司机)”可知，作者觉得自己很自私，因为她一直把Janie当成一个司机。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I shouldn’t have been so selfish and self-centered. Understanding people is an art.(我不应该这么自私和以自我为中心。理解别人是一门艺术)”可推知，作者试图告诉我们，我们应该学会理解我们周围的人。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 【答案】31. E 32. F 33. C 34. D 35. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是狗如何通过行动和行为来表达自己的感受和情绪。 【31题详解】 空前说“There are several reasons dogs bark. If it is loud and frequent, it might be something urgent. Perhaps they sense danger and want to let you know.(狗叫有几个原因。如果声音很大而且频繁，那可能是紧急的事情。也许他们感觉到了危险，想让你知道。)”，空后说“Loud barking can also mean that they are in pain.(大声的吠叫也可能意味着它们很痛苦。)”，因此空格处应该也是介绍某种吠叫是什么意思，E选项“Shorter and softer barks, meanwhile, mean that they want to play.(同时，更短更柔和的吠声意味着它们想要玩耍。)”介绍了更短更柔和的吠声意味着什么，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 【32题详解】 本段小标题是“On Your Feet(在你的脚上)”，所以本段主要讲狗喜欢在你的脚上，F选项“Dogs like to lie on your feet when you are eating dinner or watching TV.(当你吃饭或看电视时，狗喜欢躺在你的脚上。)”和本段小标题相符合，“on your feet”和小标题“On Your Feet”一致，因此F选项引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 【33题详解】 本段小标题是“Eye Movement(眼睛的活动)”，空后说“They look at the ground when they feel tired or sad. Meanwhile, they open their eyes wide and look around when they are excited. A raised eyebrow might mean confusion.(当他们感到疲倦或悲伤时，他们会看着地面。与此同时，当他们兴奋时，他们会睁大眼睛环顾四周。扬起眉毛可能意味着困惑。)”，这说明狗也会用自己的眼睛的活动来表达情绪，C选项“They tend to show emotions with their eyes as well.(他们也倾向于用眼睛表达情感。)”引出了下文的一些狗会使用的眼睛的活动，也和本段小标题相符合，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 【34题详解】 本段小标题是“Barking At Nothing(无原因地叫)”，空后说“Your house is their house, too, and they want any and all intruders (侵入者) to know that they are there.(你的房子也是它们的房子，它们希望所有的入侵者都知道它们在那里。)”，也就是说狗在保护家，D选项“They could be doing this because they are protecting your house.(他们这么做可能是为了保护你的房子。)”说明了狗无缘无故叫的原因，也就是在保护家，因此D选项承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 【35题详解】 空格处是本段小标题，根据空格下方的内容“If your dog refuses to eat when another dog or human is in the room with them, it is not because of any other reason except for the fact that they do not want to share their food with you.(如果你的狗拒绝吃东西，当另一只狗或人与它在一个房间里，这不是因为任何其他原因，除了事实，他们不想与你分享他们的食物。)”可知，本段主要讲的是狗有时候愿意自己独自吃东西，B选项“Only Eating Alone(只是独自吃)”概括了本段内容，因此可作为小标题，故选B。 二、完形填空 (共20 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分) 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. A 【分析】本文讲述了约翰夫妇出差归来，他们两人都迫不及待想要回家看望可爱的孩子们。在回家的路上他们看到有一家着火了。虽然妻子Mary不同意救火，但是约翰认出失火的地方正是朋友弗莱德的家。约翰奋不顾身前去营救，约翰带着孩子冲出烈焰浓烟，在阳光下他意外发现救出来的两个小孩竟然是自己的孩子。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，direction 方向； mistake 错误； C. danger 危险； smoke 冒烟，由下文They found a home in flames.可推断出在回家路上，他们注意到有地方冒着大烟，此处应为 冒烟smoke。故选D. 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， home家； plant 植物，工厂； store 商店； kitchen厨房，由下文“That home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the plant.”可知失火的是Fred Jones的家，故此处填home。故选A. 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，ran 跑步； walked 行走； drove 开车； rode骑行， 根据上下文反复提到John和Mary驾驶着汽车，故选C. 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，A. at 在； off 远离，下班； to 到达； on在…上面，John说，那是Fred Jones的家，又说或许他们能做点什么，即提供帮助（救火）。中间这句应该是说Fred Jones 这个时间不会在家，所以应该是be off works。（还没下班）故选B. 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，whispered 低语； nodded 点头； disagreed 不同意； required要求，A和B项不符合语境，显然Mary的态度很激烈，要John不要管闲事，所以要用“不同意”，disagree一般用于某人不同意或反对某时或某事，故选C. 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，ruins 摧毁； pieces 几件； flames 火焰； silence 安静，根据语境来看，约翰开近点后惊讶地发现整个房子正在燃烧，因此此处要用flames。故选C. 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， pushed 推动； seized 抓住； greeted 问候； stopped 停止，情况危急,John抓住woman的肩膀,因此要用seize her by the shoulder,而不可能是推,故不选push。故选B. 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， basement 地下室； department 部门； house 房屋； hall大厅，女人说孩子在大厅下面的地下室，下文也讲到John冲进地下室,故选A. 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， went 去； reached 到达；asked 要求； rushed 冲进，尽管Mary阻拦，但是 情况紧急John冲入地下室,故选rushed。故选D. 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， heavily 猛烈地，大量地； slightly 稍微地； partly 部分地； terribly骇人地，房子因失火而热浪滚滚,极其热,热得吓人; terribly此处意为“极度地、非常地、骇人地”,故选D. 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， If 如果； As当时； Since 自从； Unless 除非，当他带着两个孩子离开的时候，听到还有哭声，因此用as。故选B. 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，comforted 安慰； delivered 运送； recognized 认出； protected 保护，John把两个孩子救出，递到外面等候的人手中，故选delivered。故选B. 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， cheering 欢呼； freezing 冻住； waiting 等待；suffering 痛苦，John把孩子救出，递到外面等候的人手中，故选waiting。故选C. 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， many 许多； several 好几个； three 三个； two 两个，根据下文，他终于把两个孩子都找到了，关键词语是both，故此处应为two，约翰问被救出来的孩子，还有几个孩子被困。故选D. 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， dangerous 危险的； foolish 愚蠢的； practical 实际的；painful 痛苦的， Mary要他不要再回去了，因为房子马上就要倒塌了，所以此处应为dangerous，故选A. 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， Therefore 因此，后面要加逗号； So 因此； Instead 相反；But 但是，此句说虽然Mary劝阻，但John还是冲进浓烟弥漫的走廊，故选D. 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，wide宽的；endless无尽头的；final最后的dirty脏的，John在地下室找到两个孩子，浓烟中带着他们，行动艰难，危急时刻人也会感觉时间过得很慢，因此应该是“总也走不到头的楼梯”。故选B. 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，particular 尤其的；interesting 有趣的； familiar 熟悉的 fortunate幸运的，虽然在浓烟中看不清，他也并没想到会是自己的孩子，所以虽感觉熟悉，却也很奇怪，故说strangely familiar。故选C. 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析， car 汽车； sunlight 阳光； crowd 人群； moonlight，月光，约翰带着孩子冲出烈焰浓烟，在阳光下他看清了的确是自己的两个爱子。故选B. 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析，rescued营救； found找到； lost 失去； missed失去，想念，意外发现救出来的两个小孩是自己的孩子。故选A. 【名师点睛】完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力。做此题时必须通篇考虑，先掌握大意，再综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行推理判断。要想取得高分，重点在于以下三点: 1.通读全文,了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索作答。先通读了全文，了解了文章讲述的是出差归来的约翰夫妇，迫不及待想要回家看望可爱的孩子们。没想到帮助朋友家救火竟然救下了自己的两个孩子。 。然后在做题的过程中，便可利用这些信息。例如，第12小题 ，这里并不清楚具体是“安慰”还是“认出”或是“运送”，结合下文“the two badly frightened children into ___13___ arms and started back asking how many more children were down there.可知，约翰先生把救出来的孩子放进等待帮助的手臂中。 2.明确词意,词型,词的搭配,并按上下文需要作答。这篇文章中多次考查到名词，形容词，动词的应用，以及文章细节内容的理解。如第10题，考查了各种副词的意思，又考查了文章细节的理解，根据前文描述房子因失火而热浪滚滚,极其热,热得吓人，由此得出答案。 要提高做完形填空的正确率、尽量减少错误选择，也是要有较高的阅读能力作基础的。因此，平时扩大阅读量、扩大知识面，十分必要。学习英语要靠积累，课堂上要积累，课外更要积累。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$