Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 教学设计-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4 Reading and Thinking 主题与课时 主题：Reading and Thinking （Describe a natural disaster） 课时：2课时 课标要求 本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”。文章介绍了1976年唐山大地震这一历史真实事件，类属报告文学，兼具纪实性与文学性的特征。在纪实性方面，详细还原了震前的预兆，震中的惨烈和巨大的破坏，以及震后的救援与重建。在文学性方面，作者运用了大量事实性数字和递进、比喻、拟人等修辞手法来描述细节、刻画场景，是一篇值得英语学习者深入挖掘、品味、借鉴的阅读文本。文章描述了在灾难面前人类众志成城的伟大力量，传递了“灾害无情、人有情”的情感价值观。学生通过阅读文本、理解文本，培养深度思考的能力和合作学习能力，锻炼了用多维视野分析和看待问题的能力。 学习目标 1．获取、梳理文本中关于震前预兆、震中的破坏以及震后的救援和重建的事实性信息及段落大意。 2．能识别语篇类型和写作手法。 3．识别和阐释修辞手法在文本中的使用以及意义。 4．深度思考文本给我们的启示-地震发生时如何保护自己，重新思索人与自然的关系。 评价任务 1．通过观看图片、视频及细读文本，完成Task 1、Task 3、Task 4。（检测目标1） 2．通过略读文本，完成Task 2。（检测目标2） 3．小组合作，完成Task5。（检测目标3） 4．小组讨论，完成Task 6。（检测目标4） 学法建议 1．本课时要求同学们获取并介绍有关唐山大地震的详细信息：震前异象、震中破坏、震后救援和重建，赏析并总结文章如何描写地震发生时的场景和造成的危害；要求同学们探索唐山恢复生机的原因，总结出人们团结一致，守望相助，以积极的心态战胜困难的态度。 2．本文的学习大致按以下程序展开：通过多模态语篇（视频、图片）激活学生已有经验-略读文本把握行文结构一细读和理解文本-学习和运用主题词汇一思考报告文学的结构特征、文体特征及语言特点。 3．本课的学习重点是训练学生的基本阅读技能，包括：预测、略读、寻读、细读等。难点有：识别和掌握纪实类文本的语言特色和修辞手法；如何在课上有限的时间内利用所学语言点来进行一个角色扮演。 4．预习要求：预习本课的相关词汇；利用网络搜集自然灾害以及自救的细节性的信息。 精彩课堂 Step I学习理解 Task 1 Get to know some natural disasters（检测目标1） 1.Look and write. Look at the pictures and write down the names of the natural disasters. Suggested answer: earthquake, tornado, wildfire, drought, landslide, tsunami, flood, volcanic eruption 2.Watch a video. Watch a video and answer the questions. ·What do you see in the video? ·What other information can you get from the video? Suggested answers: ·I see a terrible earthquake. ·The first thing is the destruction of buildings, which makes people lose their homes and also destroys the economic development of this place. The second is the destruction of people themselves, which makes people lose their relatives and suffer psychological damage. 3. Make predictions. Look at the photo and title of the text and finish the following exercises. ·What is going on in the photo? ·Predict what the text is about. Suggested answers: ·People are rescuing someone together. ·It may be about a natural disaster. Task 2 Recognise the text type and structure（检测目标2） 1. Recognise the text type. Look through the the text quickly for the title, photo and any other information that might tell you what type of text it is. Suggested answer: The text is a literary journalism, which lies between news reports and literary works. 2.Read for the structure. ·In what order does the writer organise the text? Suggested answer: ·The text is organised in chronological order. Task 3 Read for basic information（检测目标1） 偶有所得 Read the text carefully and then write down the main idea of each paragraph. (Activity 3) Suggested answers: Paragraph 1:Warning signs before the earthquake. Paragraph 2: The happening of the big earthquake. Paragraph 3: The immediate effects of the earthquake. Paragraph 4: The rescue work. Paragraph 5: The revival of the city. Task 4 Read for specific information（检测目标1） 1.Read Paragraph I and answer the following questions. ·What's the topic sentence of Paragraph 1? ·What were some of the strange things happening before the earthquake? Strange things In the farmyard In the fields In the village wells In the sky In the water ·What was the attitude of the people in the city towards those strange things? Suggested answers: ·Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. ·In the farmyard: Dogs refused to go inside buildings; chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat. In the fields: Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. In the village wells: The water rose and fell; deep cracks appeared in the well walls; smelly gas came out of a well. In the sky: Bright lights were seen; loud noises were heard. In the water: Fish jumped out of the water. ·The city's one million people ignored all the signs and were asleep as usual that night. 2. Read Paragraph 2 and answer the following questions. ·What's the topic sentence of this paragraph? ·What are th①At ,everything began to shake. ② directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the had begun. ③It was felt in Beijing,which is away. ④Nearly of the whole nation felt it! ⑤A huge crack that was long and wide cut across houses,roads and waterways. ⑥In , a large city lay in ruins. ⑦ of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ⑧ children were left without parents. ⑨ people were killed or badly injured. ·What does the word “ruin” mean? Suggested answers: ·It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! ·①3:42 a.m. ②Eleven kilometres; 20th century ③more than 150 kilometres ④one third ⑤eight kilometres; 30 metres ⑥less than one minute ⑦Two thirds ⑧Thousands of ⑨More than 400,000 ·This word describes the city straight after the earthquake. In a short time, a lot of damage was done, so it must describe a place that has been badly damaged. 3. Read Paragraph 3 and answer the following questions. ·What's the topic sentence of this paragraph? What are the supporting details? ·What was the people's feeling at that time? Suggested answers: ·Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. ·（略） ·People were shocked at that time. 4. Read Paragraph 4 and answer the following questions. ·What's the topic sentence of this paragraph? ·What are the supporting details? Fill in the table. Who What Result ·What does the writer mean by “Slowly, the city began to breathe again"? Suggested answers: ·But hope was not lost. Who What Result soldiers dug out those who were trapped and buried the dead Slowly, the city began to breathe again. doctors and nurses came to provide medical care workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed ·The writer mneans that the city began to function again, because theearthquake had stopped people and supplies moving about, and so it was like the city couldn't breathe. 5. Read Paragraph 5 and answer the following questions. ·What's the topic sentence of this paragraph? ·What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city? Suggested answers: ·Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. ·I think the revival of Tangshan was helped by the strong support of the government and the people who all worked in unity to rebuild the city even better than before. Step II 应用实践 Task 5 Read for language features and writing skills．（检测目标3） Read the text again and find out the sentences where rhetorical devices are used and their function. Suggested answer: Personification 拟人 The night the earth didn't sleep Slowly, the city began to breathe again. (to make the language vivid and expressive) Repetition 重复 For several day, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (to make the description more vivid and involve the readers in the atmosphere) Exaggeration 夸张 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (to show the destruction was extremely severe) Simile 明喻 Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves... (to make the description more vivid) Metaphor 暗喻 Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. (to show the disastrous destruction and create vivid imagery for readers) Step III 迁移创新 Task 6 Think and share（检测目标4） ·What can we learn from the revival of Tangshan city? ·How can we protect ourselves during an carthquake? ·Which do you think is more powerful, human or nature? Why? 教学反思 ·Can you say something about natural disasters? ·Can you tell some features of literary journalism? ·What can you do to protect yourself and others if you were caught in an earthquake? ·Did you practise your critical thinking? 教学资源链接 Earthquake 导读 地震是地壳快速释放能量过程中造成的振动，期间会产生地震波的一种自然现象。地震常常造成严重人员伤亡，能引起火灾、水灾、有毒气体泄漏、细菌及放射性物质扩散，还可能造成海啸、滑坡、崩塌、地裂缝等次生灾害。 An earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth's rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth's crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and "slip”. Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major faut lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth's crust. Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur. About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centres are near areas of habitation. Why is an earthquake dangerous? Over the centuries, earthquakes have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property. Depending on their intensity, earthquakes (specifically, the degree to which they cause the ground's surface to shake) can topple buildings and bridges, rupture gas pipelines and other infrastructure, and trigger landslides, tsunamis, and volcanoes. These phenomena are primarily responsible for deaths and injuries. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. What are earthquake waves? Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface.There are four principal types of elastic waves: two,primary and secondary waves, travel within Earth,whereas the other two, Rayleigh and Love waves,called surface waves, travel along its surface. In addition,seismic waves can be produced artificially by explosions. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$