精品解析：江西省九江市稳派2024-2025学年高三上学期开学联考英语试题

英语试卷 满分150分 考试用时120分钟 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A．£19.15. B．£9.18. C．£9.15. 答案是C。 1．What are the speakers doing? A．They are playing games. B．They are discussing a match. C．They are talking about a tie. 2．What does the woman mean? A．Tom has made a proper decision. B．Tom’s new job will make a difference. C．Tom has a wrong attitude towards work. 3．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In the classroom. B．In the library. C．In the computer room. 4．What can we know about the woman? A．She was turned down. B．She had a poor sleep. C．She was tired of the heating. 5．How did the woman go to school? A．By car. B．By bus. C．By underground. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What is the possible relationship between the speakers? A．Father and daughter. B．Wife and husband. C．Uncle and niece. 7．What will Uncle Pablo do today? A．Surf the net on the boat. B．Introduce the tour company. C．Tell of the history of the town. 听第7 段材料，回答第8 至10 题。 8．How did the woman know the game? A．She read about it in a magazine. B．Her friend told her about it. C．She saw an ad on the website. 9．With whom will the woman play the game? A．Her brother. B．Her grandfather. C．Her cousin. 10．What is the woman’s favorite part about the game? A．Building a house. B．Crossing the river. C．Finding things to eat. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．Who majors in fashion design? A．Fabio. B．Emma. C．Anna. 12．When did the man go to the costume show? A．On Sunday. B．On Saturday. C．On Friday. 13．What does the man think of the sports clothes show? A．Wonderful. B．Boring. C．Creative. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．Who will be absent from camping? A．Mike. B．Dave. C．Jon. 15．Why will Mike be back by Saturday afternoon? A．He will paint the bathroom. B．He will do some cleaning. C．He has work to deal with. 16．How many tents will the man take? A．One. B．Two. C．Four. 17．How does the man plan for food? A．They will cook by themselves B．They will take lots of ready food. C．They will mainly eat in restaurants. 听第10段材料，回答第18至 20 题。 18．Where do the most tourists come from? A．Ireland. B．Australia. C．Japan. 19．Why is the number of visitors growing? A．The airfares are cheap. B．People have more money. C．Many people come on business. 20．What is the speaker mainly talking about? A．The recovery of tourism. B．The information about tourists. C．The market strategy. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Volunteer Summer Camp for Teens in Costa Rica Are you 16 or 17 years old and wanting to volunteer abroad this summer? International Volunteer HQ’s Summer Camp for teen volunteers is an awesome way for 16- and 17-year- old volunteers to spend part of their summer holidays contributing towards important community initiatives and learning about Costa Rican culture. What to expect and how you’ll make an impact: The Teen Volunteer Summer Camp is an incredible cultural immersion (沉浸) experience available to individual volunteers aged 16 and 17 and it is fully accompanied by adults. Participants will take part in planned activities including volunteering in local community projects taking local dance lessons, going on cultural adventures, and joining nature tours led by our professional guides. The Volunteer Teen Camp has two available start dates in August. The first is available on August 1st, and participants can join for a 1-3 week duration. The second start date is August 15th for a maximum of one week. Why join the Volunteer Summer Camp in Costa Rica with IVHQ? When you volunteer as a teen in Costa Rica, you’ll be adding value to the local community, while also developing personally and professionally by: * Contributing to community- driven volunteer projects * Developing your communication skills * Learning about Costa Rica’s culture, food and history * Discovering Costa Rica’s beautiful beaches, national parks and cities Volunteer requirements: * Volunteers must provide IVHQ with parental agreement in order to participate on the program. * Independent volunteers aged 16 and 17 can join this project for 1 -3 weeks. * Volunteers must provide two character reference letters. * All volunteers are required to have enough volunteer travel insurance. * All volunteers must speak fluent English. 1. What will volunteers do in the camp? A. Instruct dance lessons. B. Take guided nature tours. C. Go on outdoor adventures. D. Visit some community activities. 2. How can participants benefit from this summer camp? A. They can learn standard English. B. They can get money for their effort. C. They can gain rich experience in teaching. D. They can better their skills in communication. 3. What is needed to apply for the camp? A. Affording three weeks’ free time. B. Being accompanied by one parent. C. Having previous related experience. D. Offering two letters of recommendation. B Going into my Ph. D. program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But research soon consumed most of my time. Gradually, I felt I was losing touch with the bigger picture of why science matters. To escape, I spent a weekend with some friends. They were excited to share stories about the latest books they’d consumed. But I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared. “Is my Ph. D. killing my love of science?” I thought. I knew I had been living in a scientific bubble（泡泡）, but that bubble seemed to grow smaller and smaller as the weekend progressed. When I returned home. I resolved to read more for pleasure. I was recommended a science fiction book, so I started with that. It was like nothing I had ever read before. I was really into it. I was blown away by the scientifically reasonable technologies and scenes. It was refreshing to think about science in a new way. I kept reading science fiction in the years after I finished my Ph. D. But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public. Then, one night I found myself in a conversation with my new colleagues about science fiction concepts. One invited me to speak at the pop culture lecture. When the day came. I felt nervous until I saw the eager attendees. After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. Since then, I’ve given more than 20 talks, exploring concepts like genetic engineering and brain-machine interfaces. For young researchers. it’s easy to slide into a scientific bubble. I’m glad science fiction gave me a way to break out. It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time. It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public. 4. What did the author realize at that weekend? A. He couldn’t fit in a new environment. B. His memory was declining with time. C He lost passion for science communication. D. His knowledge was only a scientific bubble. 5. Why did the author like science fiction? A. He wanted to find inspirations from it. B. He wanted to put his knowledge to use. C. It could explain many physical phenomena. D. It offered him a new angle to look at science. 6. Which word can be used to describe the lecture? A. Successful. B. Unique. C. Classic. D. Common. 7. What is the aim of this passage? A. To introduce science fiction. B. To prove how important science is. C. To emphasize the author’s love for science. D. To show how science fiction helped the author. C ChatGPT and other language — based large language mobiles (LLMs) exhibit human-level performance on many natural- language tasks in English. The same is true of other widely used tongues. But Paiute is considered a “no-resource language”, meaning there are no publicly available Paiute sentences translated into English on which to train a machine learning model. In a new paper, “LLM — Assisted Rule-Based Machine Translation for Low/ No- Resource Languages”, Colem an and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT (Rule-Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no-resource languages. Their approach consists of a more “old school” rule-based translator tools and a more advanced, natural language — based large language model. In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Paiute. Instead, it helps to guide the rule- based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages. The translation tool simplifies complex sentences and uses placeholders (占位符) for unknown words. While this process loses some meaning, it still produces understandable and grammatically correct translations. This method, said Coleman, mirrors how language learners naturally speak by mixing known and unknown words, making it a practical tool for real-world use and the tool is smart enough to be able to do a lot of the translation on its own. Colem an also built some digital tools related to language revitalization (复兴), named Kubishi or “brain” in Paiute, including an online dictionary, and a sentence-builder and a translation system enabled by this research. Overall, the paper found that LLM’s remarkable general-purpose language skills make them a promising tool in helping revitalize critically endangered languages like Paiute. For his part, Colem an credits his tribe’s (部落) members, past and present, for paving the path. “A lot of people in my tribe have been working for a long time on different language revitalization efforts, including classes, dictionaries and recordings,” said Coleman. “So though I am excited, I know it is one piece of a much larger puzzle.” Indeed, the paper points to many directions for future work, including adding more complex sentence structures to test the limits of the method outlined in his paper. 8. What can we learn about LLM-RBMT? A. It is a traditional way to learn languages. B. It can translate Paiute into any other language. C. It is useful for learners of no- resource languages. D. It can simplify the process of learning English. 9. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A. The principle of the LLM. B. The advantages of the LLM. C. The grammar and vocabulary of Paiute. D. The efficiency of the translation tool. 10. What contribution did Coleman make? A. He popularized Paiute all over the world. B. He helped to save endangered languages. C. He recorded and preserved his tribe’s history. D. He invented a smart language learning machine. 11. What can we infer about Coleman from paragraph 7? A. His tribe gave birth to many scientists. B. He was very grateful to his tribe’s members. C. He would publicize something more puzzling. D. His tribe’s members got involved in his work directly. D Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 12. What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A. It can serve as the indicator of weather. B. It can help people to select the best seeds. C. It can show the actual effects of climate change. D. It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 13. What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Collecting data. B. Sorting out species. C. Identifying plants. D. Checking climate change. 14. What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A. Spring is becoming longer and longer. B. All plants have their own growth cycle. C. Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D. Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 15. What is the passage mainly about? A. How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B. How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C. How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D. How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I’m an Indonesian student and finished my Master’s degree in Sweden. ___16___ Here are my top four things that I’ve learned from my experience. I understand my home country better. Being a local in my home country for almost a lifetime got me thinking that the grass was always greener in other countries. ___17___ And my country has different positive angles that I’ve learned to see and be proud of. I get much deeper understanding of other cultures’ perspectives. Studying abroad has changed my perspective and made me shift my beliefs. I’ve learned the issue of privacy. I used to see that the internet is the place where we should talk about our activities and share many parts of ourselves to the world. I used to take everyone’s pictures and share them online. ___18___ I see travelling in a new way. What is travelling all about? Why do we need travelling? ___19___ I learned that by being a tourist, understanding local perspectives and needs is important. And most importantly, I found that you can find a whole new way of life when you really take time to understand the country you’ re in. ___20___ When you study abroad, the first thing you might notice are the many differences between people. But you also see that all of these differences are also universal — people in many ways are the same everywhere. Studying abroad gives you the opportunity to really understand people from different culture backgrounds. And when you make friends, you learn to accept their perfections alongside their shortcomings. A. I learn to accept people’s differences. B. What should you take while you are travelling? C. Learning in a foreign country taught me lots of things. D. I like to make friends from different culture backgrounds. E. Yet being abroad has given me the chance to see that no country is perfect. F. By trying answering these questions, I started to understand travelling differently. G. Now I secure my data, respect people’s privacy, and even remind others to do so. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Law enforcement (执法) is a challenging career. However it is a calling for those who ___21___ it. That calling often goes down through generations within ___22___ . Such is the case when a police department ___23___ the daughter of a senior officer. But keeping a secret for months was ___24___ while the daughter was in training so she could surprise her dad on Father's Day! In 2021, Alexandra secretly accepted a ___25___ with the same police department that her father ___26___ for. The idea was for her to complete her training without his ___27___ and surprise him. Police departments have a“ pinning” ceremony where a new officer's badge (徽章) is pinned on them by a ___28___ officer. Some departments make this a formal affair, with press, guests, and a complete award ___29___ . Other departments keep it a low- key affair. When it came time for Alexandra's pinning, the department ___30___ her dad on Father's Day to do the job. He had no clue who he was pinning and was ___31___ to see his daughter step out of the vehicle for the ceremony. As the car door swung open, the senior officer ___32___ . Then he stepped back in disbelief as the new policewoman ___33___ the vehicle. What happened next was all “Proud PaPa”. Even though he could ___34___ believe what was happening, he felt proud of his daughter. His reaction and the resulting hug were worth the ___35___ ! 21. A. declare B. share C. choose D. establish 22. A. classes B. families C. groups D. departments 23. A. protects B. identifies C. hires D. investigates 24. A. unusual B. difficult C. intentional D. contradictory 25. A. position B. lecture C. change D. mission 26. A. worked B. longed C. applied D. searched 27. A. permission B. assistance C. presence D. knowledge 28. A. brave B. senior C. strict D. disciplined 29. A. training B. document C. exhibition D. ceremony 30. A. awarded B. employed C. assigned D. congratulated 31. A. delighted B. willing C. shocked D. desperate 32. A. looked out B. slipped in C. walked away D. stepped forward 33. A. exited B. drove C. checked D. fueled 34. A. barely B. peacefully C. obviously D. eventually 35. A. price B. wait C. risk D. trouble 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15 分） 阅读下面短文.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Go is the oldest surviving board game, which has a history nearly as complex as the game ___36___(it). The earliest surviving reference to the game of Go, then known as Yi, is from the historical book Zuo Zhuan, ___37___(write) in the 4th century BCE. Yet it is thought that the game ___38___(date) back far earlier than that. Whatever its origins, Go had gained widespread ___39___(popular) by the time of Confucius and Mencius, who both wrote about the game. It came to be associated with the scholarly classes, which ___40___(consider) one of the four cultivated arts, along with calligraphy, painting, and playing the gu qin at that time. The game, ___41___ objective is to encircle the opponent’s stones and surround the larger area on the board, is played today on a 19×19 grid (网格), and the earliest grid of such specifications can date back ___42___ the Sui dynasty. Still. it wasn’t until Go was introduced to Korea and Japan ___43___ its rules and shape became standardized. It is from Japan that the game spread to the rest of the world. Despite its long history in East Asia, Go didn’t catch on in the west until German engineer Oscar Korschelt published a ___44___(detail) article on it in 1880, after having spent eight years ____45____(work) in Japan. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校在周五举行了“向洪灾地区 (flood- hit areas) 人民献爱心”募捐活动，全体师生积极响应，踊跃捐款。请你写一篇报道向英语周报投稿，内容包括： 1. 活动的时间和地点； 2. 活动现场的情况； 3. 你的感想。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My brother and I set off shortly after sunrise. The air was cool, but I knew that wouldn’t last long. I’d chosen this hike for a hot day like today so that we’d climb down into a redrock canyon (峡谷) , where we would swim in a pool and camp by a picturesque waterfall. I knew it wouldn’t be an easy hike, though. I’d researched and planned for weeks, knowing climbing down into the canyon is challenging. About a mile in, the trail started to dip down to the river and the footing became steep (陡峭的) . After repeated slips on the loose ground, my brother decided to turn back to the car. Unwilling to give up on my plan so soon and remembering there was another car where we parked, I believed there was someone else going to the canyon. So I chose to continue alone. He gave me the bag which contained food and water. Then we decided to meet up at the car the next day. After another mile or so, the river came into view below me, but the trail became less obvious. I chose to go down along a bush-covered slope (斜坡) . As soon as I began hiking down, though, I realized the ground was much looser than I’d thought. I decided to climb back up and find another way. I tried to pull myself up, but, unfortunately, the rock I was standing on broke beneath me. My face struck earth first. I was rolling with my bag, dirt and red sandstone flying beneath me as I picked up speed. I was going to die, I thought. Then I fell flat on my back, my head hitting on a baseball-size stone. To my surprise, I was alive, but everything hurt. After lying in confusion for a few moments, I tried to look around. One of my eyes was already swollen shut, and through the other, the world spun around me. I could hardly move my left hand, and my right ankle hurt terribly. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Fighting my unsteady vision, I pulled out my phone, only to find there was no service. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It had been about 2 hours since my fall when I heard the sound of several people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5 BCABC 6-10 ACABC 11-15 CBABC 16-20 ACBAB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 英语试卷 满分150分 考试用时120分钟 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A．£19.15. B．£9.18. C．£9.15. 答案是C。 1．What are the speakers doing? A．They are playing games. B．They are discussing a match. C．They are talking about a tie. 2．What does the woman mean? A．Tom has made a proper decision. B．Tom’s new job will make a difference. C．Tom has a wrong attitude towards work. 3．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In the classroom. B．In the library. C．In the computer room. 4．What can we know about the woman? A．She was turned down. B．She had a poor sleep. C．She was tired of the heating. 5．How did the woman go to school? A．By car. B．By bus. C．By underground. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What is the possible relationship between the speakers? A．Father and daughter. B．Wife and husband. C．Uncle and niece. 7．What will Uncle Pablo do today? A．Surf the net on the boat. B．Introduce the tour company. C．Tell of the history of the town. 听第7 段材料，回答第8 至10 题。 8．How did the woman know the game? A．She read about it in a magazine. B．Her friend told her about it. C．She saw an ad on the website. 9．With whom will the woman play the game? A．Her brother. B．Her grandfather. C．Her cousin. 10．What is the woman’s favorite part about the game? A．Building a house. B．Crossing the river. C．Finding things to eat. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．Who majors in fashion design? A．Fabio. B．Emma. C．Anna. 12．When did the man go to the costume show? A．On Sunday. B．On Saturday. C．On Friday. 13．What does the man think of the sports clothes show? A．Wonderful. B．Boring. C．Creative. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．Who will be absent from camping? A．Mike. B．Dave. C．Jon. 15．Why will Mike be back by Saturday afternoon? A．He will paint the bathroom. B．He will do some cleaning. C．He has work to deal with. 16．How many tents will the man take? A．One. B．Two. C．Four. 17．How does the man plan for food? A．They will cook by themselves. B．They will take lots of ready food. C．They will mainly eat in restaurants. 听第10段材料，回答第18至 20 题。 18．Where do the most tourists come from? A．Ireland. B．Australia. C．Japan. 19．Why is the number of visitors growing? A．The airfares are cheap. B．People have more money. C．Many people come on business. 20．What is the speaker mainly talking about? A．The recovery of tourism. B．The information about tourists. C．The market strategy. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Volunteer Summer Camp for Teens in Costa Rica Are you 16 or 17 years old and wanting to volunteer abroad this summer? International Volunteer HQ’s Summer Camp for teen volunteers is an awesome way for 16- and 17-year- old volunteers to spend part of their summer holidays contributing towards important community initiatives and learning about Costa Rican culture. What to expect and how you’ll make an impact: The Teen Volunteer Summer Camp is an incredible cultural immersion (沉浸) experience available to individual volunteers aged 16 and 17 and it is fully accompanied by adults. Participants will take part in planned activities including volunteering in local community projects, taking local dance lessons, going on cultural adventures, and joining nature tours led by our professional guides. The Volunteer Teen Camp has two available start dates in August. The first is available on August 1st, and participants can join for a 1-3 week duration. The second start date is August 15th for a maximum of one week. Why join the Volunteer Summer Camp in Costa Rica with IVHQ? When you volunteer as a teen in Costa Rica, you’ll be adding value to the local community, while also developing personally and professionally by: * Contributing to community- driven volunteer projects * Developing your communication skills * Learning about Costa Rica’s culture, food and history * Discovering Costa Rica’s beautiful beaches, national parks and cities Volunteer requirements: * Volunteers must provide IVHQ with parental agreement in order to participate on the program. * Independent volunteers aged 16 and 17 can join this project for 1 -3 weeks. * Volunteers must provide two character reference letters. * All volunteers are required to have enough volunteer travel insurance. * All volunteers must speak fluent English. 1. What will volunteers do in the camp? A. Instruct dance lessons. B. Take guided nature tours. C. Go on outdoor adventures. D. Visit some community activities. 2. How can participants benefit from this summer camp? A. They can learn standard English. B. They can get money for their effort. C They can gain rich experience in teaching. D. They can better their skills in communication. 3. What is needed to apply for the camp? A. Affording three weeks’ free time. B. Being accompanied by one parent. C. Having previous related experience. D. Offering two letters of recommendation. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哥斯达黎加的青少年志愿者夏令营活动，包括活动的目的、参加的条件等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据What to expect and how you’ll make an impact部分中“Participants will take part in planned activities including volunteering in local community projects, taking local dance lessons, going on cultural adventures, and joining nature tours led by our professional guides.(参与者将参加计划好的活动，包括在当地社区项目中做志愿者，参加当地的舞蹈课，进行文化冒险，以及参加由我们的专业导游带领的自然之旅)”可知，志愿者会在国外参加由专业导游带领的自然之旅。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Why join the Volunteer Summer Camp in Costa Rica with IVHQ?部分中“Developing your communication skills(培养你的沟通技巧)”可知，志愿者会在活动中提高自己与他人的沟通技能。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Volunteer requirements部分中“Volunteers must provide two character reference letters.(志愿者必须提供两封品格推荐信)”可知，参加者需要有两封推荐信。故选D。 B Going into my Ph. D. program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But research soon consumed most of my time. Gradually, I felt I was losing touch with the bigger picture of why science matters. To escape, I spent a weekend with some friends. They were excited to share stories about the latest books they’d consumed. But I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared. “Is my Ph. D. killing my love of science?” I thought. I knew I had been living in a scientific bubble（泡泡）, but that bubble seemed to grow smaller and smaller as the weekend progressed. When I returned home. I resolved to read more for pleasure. I was recommended a science fiction book, so I started with that. It was like nothing I had ever read before. I was really into it. I was blown away by the scientifically reasonable technologies and scenes. It was refreshing to think about science in a new way. I kept reading science fiction in the years after I finished my Ph. D. But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public. Then, one night I found myself in a conversation with my new colleagues about science fiction concepts. One invited me to speak at the pop culture lecture. When the day came. I felt nervous until I saw the eager attendees. After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. Since then, I’ve given more than 20 talks, exploring concepts like genetic engineering and brain-machine interfaces. For young researchers. it’s easy to slide into a scientific bubble. I’m glad science fiction gave me a way to break out. It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time. It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public. 4 What did the author realize at that weekend? A. He couldn’t fit in a new environment. B. His memory was declining with time. C. He lost passion for science communication. D. His knowledge was only a scientific bubble. 5. Why did the author like science fiction? A. He wanted to find inspirations from it. B. He wanted to put his knowledge to use. C. It could explain many physical phenomena. D. It offered him a new angle to look at science. 6. Which word can be used to describe the lecture? A. Successful. B. Unique. C. Classic. D. Common. 7. What is the aim of this passage? A. To introduce science fiction. B. To prove how important science is. C. To emphasize the author’s love for science. D. To show how science fiction helped the author. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因从事科研一直忙于实验室工作，无法向大众普及科学知识，后来他成功地通过结合科幻小说来向大众普及科学知识，重拾了对科学的热情。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed the enthusiasm in my voice disappeared. ‘Is my Ph. D. killing my love of science?’ I thought.(当我努力传达它更广泛的相关性时，我注意到我声音里的热情消失了。“这是我的博士学位扼杀了我对科学的热爱吗？”我想。)”可知，当作者向朋友们讲述科学话题时，他进行科普的热情没有了。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“It was refreshing to think about science in a new way.(以一种新的方式思考科学真是令人耳目一新。)”可知，作者认为科幻能够让他以一种新的方式思考科学，这是令人耳目一新的。也就是他能够从另一个角度来看科学。故选D项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“After I finished, I was surrounded with enthusiastic audience. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. (讲完后，我周围都是热情的观众。我突然想到，这是我回到科学交流的道路。)”可知，在作者演讲完成后，热情的观众围住他，并且他从此萌生了利用这种方式普及科学知识的想法，由此推断这次讲座是成功了，所以他才受到激励。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It not only provided something fun to do in my spare time. It also helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to the public.(这不仅为我在业余时间提供了一些有趣的事情。它也在专业上帮助了我，增强了我向公众传达科学奇迹的能力。)”可知在接触科幻小说后，他的向大众普及科学知识的愿望实现了，由此推断作者的写作目的是讲述科幻小说对他的影响和帮助。故选D项。 C ChatGPT and other language — based large language mobiles (LLMs) exhibit human-level performance on many natural- language tasks in English. The same is true of other widely used tongues. But Paiute is considered a “no-resource language”, meaning there are no publicly available Paiute sentences translated into English on which to train a machine learning model. In a new paper, “LLM — Assisted Rule-Based Machine Translation for Low/ No- Resource Languages”, Colem an and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT (Rule-Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no-resource languages. Their approach consists of a more “old school” rule-based translator tools and a more advanced, natural language — based large language model. In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Paiute. Instead, it helps to guide the rule- based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages. The translation tool simplifies complex sentences and uses placeholders (占位符) for unknown words. While this process loses some meaning, it still produces understandable and grammatically correct translations. This method, said Coleman, mirrors how language learners naturally speak by mixing known and unknown words, making it a practical tool for real-world use and the tool is smart enough to be able to do a lot of the translation on its own. Colem an also built some digital tools related to language revitalization (复兴), named Kubishi or “brain” in Paiute, including an online dictionary, and a sentence-builder and a translation system enabled by this research. Overall the paper found that LLM’s remarkable general-purpose language skills make them a promising tool in helping revitalize critically endangered languages like Paiute. For his part, Colem an credits his tribe’s (部落) members, past and present, for paving the path. “A lot of people in my tribe have been working for a long time on different language revitalization efforts, including classes, dictionaries and recordings,” said Coleman. “So though I am excited, I know it is one piece of a much larger puzzle.” Indeed, the paper points to many directions for future work, including adding more complex sentence structures to test the limits of the method outlined in his paper. 8. What can we learn about LLM-RBMT? A. It is a traditional way to learn languages. B. It can translate Paiute into any other language. C. It is useful for learners of no- resource languages. D. It can simplify the process of learning English. 9. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A. The principle of the LLM. B. The advantages of the LLM. C. The grammar and vocabulary of Paiute. D. The efficiency of the translation tool. 10. What contribution did Coleman make? A. He popularized Paiute all over the world. B. He helped to save endangered languages. C. He recorded and preserved his tribe’s history. D. He invented a smart language learning machine. 11. What can we infer about Coleman from paragraph 7? A. His tribe gave birth to many scientists. B. He was very grateful to his tribe’s members. C. He would publicize something more puzzling. D. His tribe’s members got involved in his work directly. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Coleman提出的一种被称为LLM-RBMT的机器翻译方法，它能帮助人们学习无资源语言，并帮助复兴濒危的语言。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Coleman and his professor Krishnamachari propose a machine translation approach called LLM-RBMT ( Rule- Based Machine Translation) to help people learn no- resource languages.(Coleman和他的教授Krishnamachari提出了一种叫做LLM-RBMT(基于规则的机器翻译)的机器翻译方法来帮助人们学习无资源语言。)”可知，Coleman所提出的这种方法可以帮助人们学习无资源的语言。故选C。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In their method, the LLM does not translate into or from Paiute. Instead, it helps to guide the rule- based translators, which rely on grammatical and vocabulary rules to translate between languages. The translation tool simplifies complex sentences and uses placeholders (占位符) for unknown words. While this process loses some meaning, it still produces understandable and grammatically correct translations.(在他们的方法中，法学硕士不翻译成或从派尤特语。相反，它有助于指导基于规则的译者，他们依靠语法和词汇规则在语言之间进行翻译。翻译工具简化了复杂的句子，并使用占位符来表示未知的单词。虽然这个过程失去了一些意义，但它仍然产生了可理解且语法正确的翻译。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在 Coleman提出的这种方法中，大语言模型(LLM)是以何种方式运作并帮助翻译的，即其运作原理。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Colem an also built some digital tools related to language revitalization (复兴), (Colem还建立了一些与语言复兴相关的数字工具)”以及第六段中“Overall, the paper found that LLM’s remarkable general- purpose language skills make them a promising tool in helping revitalize critically endangered languages like Paiute.(总的来说，这篇论文发现LLM卓越的通用语言技能使他们成为一个有希望的工具，帮助振兴像派尤特这样极度濒危的语言。)”可知，Coleman 对复兴濒危的语言做出了贡献。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“For his part, Coleman credits his tribe’s members, past and present, for paving the path. (对Coleman来说，他把这条道路的铺设归功于他的部落过去和现在的成员。)”可知，Coleman认为是他部落的成员(无论是过去的还是现在的)为他铺平了道路。因此他对他们是心怀感激的。故选B。 D Plants are known to respond to seasonal changes by budding (发芽), leafing, and flowering. As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. “Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve this issue. The app allows users to identify unknown wild plants within a matter of seconds. When I take a picture of a plant with the app, the observation is recorded with the exact location as well as a time stamp,” says the first author Karin Mora, research fellow at Leipzig University. Although satellite data also records the phenology of entire ecosystems from above, they do not provide information about the processes taking place on the ground. The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. Furthermore, the scientists were able to show that group behaviour arises from the behaviour of individuals. From this, they were able to conclude ecological patterns and investigate how these change with the seasons. For example, ecosystems by rivers differ from those in the mountains, where phenological events start later. It is known that climate change is causing seasonal shifts — for example, spring is arriving earlier and earlier. How this affects the relationship between plants and pollinating insects and therefore potentially also food security is still being subject to further research. The new algorithm can now be used to better analyse the effects of these changes on the plant world. 12. What is the significance of data about phenological changes? A. It can serve as the indicator of weather. B. It can help people to select the best seeds. C. It can show the actual effects of climate change. D. It can be used to change the life cycle of plants. 13. What does the underlined part “this issue” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Collecting data. B. Sorting out species. C. Identifying plants. D. Checking climate change. 14. What conclusion did researchers draw using the new algorithm? A. Spring is becoming longer and longer. B. All plants have their own growth cycle. C. Group behaviour affects individual behaviour. D. Ecological patterns in different areas are similar. 15. What is the passage mainly about? A. How citizen scientists use mobile apps to collect data. B. How climate change is affecting the growth of plants. C. How a plant app helps identify the impact of climate change. D. How Flora Incognita allows users to identify unknown wild plants. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究小组开发了一种算法，这种算法可以分析来自FloraIncognita应用程序的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As climate change stands to shift these so-called phenological (物候的) stages in the life cycle of plants, access to data about phenological changes — from many different locations and in different plants — can be used to draw conclusions about the actual consequences of climate change. (由于气候变化改变了植物生命周期中所谓的物候阶段，获取来自许多不同地点和不同植物的物候变化数据，可以用来得出关于气候变化实际后果的结论。)”可知，物候变化数据的意义在于它能反映气候变化的实际影响。故选C项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上一段“However, conducting such analyses require a large amount of data and data collection of this scale would be unthinkable without the help of citizen scientists. (然而，进行这样的分析需要大量的数据，如果没有公民科学家的帮助，这种规模的数据收集是不可想象的。)”和画线部分的上文“Mobile apps like Flora Incognita could help solve (像Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以帮助解决)”可知，文中先提到需要收集大规模的数据，然后提到如Flora Incognita这样的移动应用程序可以发挥解决的作用，由此可知，程序解决的是收集数据的问题，画线部分指代的是收集数据。故选A项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The data show that each individual plant has its own cycle as to when it begins a flowering or growth phase. (数据显示，每一株植物都有自己的开花或生长周期。)”可知，研究人员利用新算法得出的结论是，所有植物都有自己的生长周期。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中“The researchers developed an algorithm (算法) that draws on almost 10 million observations of nearly 3,000 plants species identified in Germany by users of Flora Incognita. (研究人员开发了一种算法，该算法利用了Flora Incognita用户在德国发现的近3000种植物的近1000万份观察结果。)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员利用开发的新算法分析来自Flora Incognita应用程序中的观测数据，以判断气候变化对植物的影响。故选C项。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I’m an Indonesian student and finished my Master’s degree in Sweden. ___16___ Here are my top four things that I’ve learned from my experience. I understand my home country better. Being a local in my home country for almost a lifetime got me thinking that the grass was always greener in other countries. ___17___ And my country has different positive angles that I’ve learned to see and be proud of. I get much deeper understanding of other cultures’ perspectives. Studying abroad has changed my perspective and made me shift my beliefs. I’ve learned the issue of privacy. I used to see that the internet is the place where we should talk about our activities and share many parts of ourselves to the world. I used to take everyone’s pictures and share them online. ___18___ I see travelling in a new way. What is travelling all about? Why do we need travelling? ___19___ I learned that by being a tourist, understanding local perspectives and needs is important. And most importantly, I found that you can find a whole new way of life when you really take time to understand the country you’ re in. ___20___ When you study abroad, the first thing you might notice are the many differences between people. But you also see that all of these differences are also universal — people in many ways are the same everywhere. Studying abroad gives you the opportunity to really understand people from different culture backgrounds. And when you make friends, you learn to accept their perfections alongside their shortcomings. A. I learn to accept people’s differences. B. What should you take while you are travelling? C. Learning in a foreign country taught me lots of things. D. I like to make friends from different culture backgrounds. E. Yet being abroad has given me the chance to see that no country is perfect. F. By trying answering these questions, I started to understand travelling differently. G. Now I secure my data, respect people’s privacy, and even remind others to do so. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. G 19. F 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者总结了自己在国外求学经历中所获得的一些生活智慧、人生感悟以及留学经历对自己的影响。 【16题详解】 前句“I’m an Indonesian student and finished my Master’s degree in Sweden.(我是一名印度尼西亚学生，在瑞典完成了我的硕士学位)”提到作者在国外学习，后句“Here are my top four things that I’ve learned from my experience.(以下是我从自己的经历中学到的四件事)”引出本文的话题，即介绍作者从个人经历中所学到的四件事情，因此判断C 选项“在国外学习教会了我很多东西”符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 根据上文“I understand my home country better. Being a local in my home country for almost a lifetime got me thinking that the grass was always greener in other countries.(我更了解我的祖国。在我的祖国当了几乎一辈子的当地人，这让我觉得其他国家的草总是更绿)”以及后文“And my country has different positive angles that I’ve learned to see and be proud of.(我的国家有不同的积极的角度，我学会了去看并为之自豪)”提到作者曾经一直以为其他国家的草更绿，后句提到作者了解到了自己的国家也有值得骄傲的方面，可知本句为转折句，因此判断E选项“然而，出国让我有机会看到，没有一个国家是完美的”符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“I get much deeper understanding of other cultures’ perspectives. Studying abroad has changed my perspective and made me shift my beliefs. I’ve learned the issue of privacy. I used to see that the internet is the place where we should talk about our activities and share many parts of ourselves to the world. I used to take everyone’s pictures and share them online.(我对其他文化的观点有了更深的理解。留学改变了我的视角，改变了我的信念。我知道了隐私的问题。我曾经认为，互联网是我们应该谈论我们的活动，并向世界分享我们自己的许多部分的地方。我过去常常拍下每个人的照片并在网上分享)”可知，上文提到作者以前认为网络就是向世界分享活动和自我的地方，而且经常拍下别人的照片并上传到网上，由此判断G 选项“现在我保护我的数据，尊重别人的隐私，甚至提醒别人这样做”可以承接上文，和前句构成转折关系。故选G。 【19题详解】 根据前面提到的问题“What is travelling all about? Why do we need travelling?(什么是旅行？我们为什么需要旅行？)”，结合“questions”可知F选项“通过回答这些问题，我开始对旅行有了不同的理解”的内容符合语境。故选F。 【20题详解】 根据后文“When you study abroad, the first thing you might notice are the many differences between people. But you also see that all of these differences are also universal — people in many ways are the same everywhere. Studying abroad gives you the opportunity to really understand people from different culture backgrounds. And when you make friends, you learn to accept their perfections alongside their shortcomings.(当你在国外学习时，你可能注意到的第一件事就是人与人之间的许多差异。但你也会看到，所有这些差异也是普遍存在的——世界各地的人在很多方面都是一样的。出国留学让你有机会真正了解来自不同文化背景的人。当你交朋友时，你学会接受他们的优点和缺点)”可知，本段内容介绍了在国外学习时作者注意到人与人之间的差异，但也发现这种差异是普遍存在的，从而在接受人们优点的同时也学会了接受人们的缺点，故A 选项“我逐渐学会接受人与人之间的差异”可以作为本段主题句。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Law enforcement (执法) is a challenging career. However, it is a calling for those who ___21___ it. That calling often goes down through generations within ___22___ . Such is the case when a police department ___23___ the daughter of a senior officer. But keeping a secret for months was ___24___ while the daughter was in training so she could surprise her dad on Father's Day! In 2021, Alexandra secretly accepted a ___25___ with the same police department that her father ___26___ for. The idea was for her to complete her training without his ___27___ and surprise him. Police departments have a“ pinning” ceremony where a new officer's badge (徽章) is pinned on them by a ___28___ officer. Some departments make this a formal affair, with press, guests, and a complete award ___29___ . Other departments keep it a low- key affair. When it came time for Alexandra's pinning, the department ___30___ her dad on Father's Day to do the job. He had no clue who he was pinning and was ___31___ to see his daughter step out of the vehicle for the ceremony. As the car door swung open, the senior officer ___32___ . Then he stepped back in disbelief as the new policewoman ___33___ the vehicle. What happened next was all “Proud PaPa”. Even though he could ___34___ believe what was happening, he felt proud of his daughter. His reaction and the resulting hug were worth the ___35___ ! 21. A. declare B. share C. choose D. establish 22. A. classes B. families C. groups D. departments 23. A. protects B. identifies C. hires D. investigates 24. A. unusual B. difficult C. intentional D. contradictory 25. A. position B. lecture C. change D. mission 26. A. worked B. longed C. applied D. searched 27. A. permission B. assistance C. presence D. knowledge 28. A. brave B. senior C. strict D. disciplined 29. A. training B. document C. exhibition D. ceremony 30. A. awarded B. employed C. assigned D. congratulated 31. A. delighted B. willing C. shocked D. desperate 32. A. looked out B. slipped in C. walked away D. stepped forward 33. A. exited B. drove C. checked D. fueled 34. A. barely B. peacefully C. obviously D. eventually 35. A. price B. wait C. risk D. trouble 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了女儿亚历山德拉秘密接受了她父亲工作过的同一个警察局的职位，为了给父亲一个惊喜，她选择保密，在最终的仪式上给了父亲一个惊喜。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些选择它的人来说，这是一种召唤。A. declare宣布；B. share分享；C. choose选择；D. establish建立。根据上文“Law enforcement is a challenging career.(执法是一项具有挑战性的职业)”以及后文it指代的是执法这个职业，所以是选择这项职业的人，故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种召唤通常会在家族中代代相传。A. classes班级；B. families家族；C. groups团队；D. departments部门。根据后文“the daughter of a senior officer”会聘用高级警官的女儿，说明这种召唤通常会在家族中代代相传。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察部门聘用高级警官的女儿就是这种情况。A. protects保护；B. identifies识别；C. hires聘用；D. investigates调查。根据后文“with the same police department”可知，女儿也在同样的部门，说明警察部门聘用高级警官的女儿。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，在女儿接受培训期间，要想在父亲节给爸爸一个惊喜，保守秘密几个月是很困难的！A. unusual不寻常的；B. difficult困难的；C. intentional故意的；D. contradictory矛盾的。根据上文“keeping a secret for months was”可知，女儿在训练期间，保守秘密几个月是很困难的。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2021年，亚历山德拉秘密接受了她父亲工作过的同一个警察局的职位。A. position职位；B. lecture演讲；C. change改变；D. mission任务。根据后文“with the same police department”指接受同一个部门的职位，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年，亚历山德拉秘密接受了她父亲工作过的同一个警察局的职位。A. worked工作；B. longed渴望；C. applied应用；D. searched搜索。根据上文“with the same police department that her father”可知，这个部门她的父亲也工作过。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法是让她在他不知情的情况下完成训练，让他大吃一惊。A. permission许可；B. assistance帮助；C. presence出席；D. knowledge知道，知识。根据后文“and surprise him”可知，女儿想在父亲不知道的情况下给他一个惊喜。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：警察局有一个“别针”仪式，新警官的徽章由一名高级警官别在他们身上。A. brave勇敢的；B. senior高级的；C. strict严格的；D. disciplined训练有素的。呼应上文“the daughter of a senior officer”指新警官的徽章由一名高级警官别在他们身上。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些部门把授予仪式搞得很正式，有媒体、嘉宾，还有一个完整的授予仪式。A. training训练；B. document文件；C. exhibition展览；D. ceremony仪式。呼应上文“Police departments have a “pinning” ceremony”指上文提到的“别针”仪式。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了给亚历山德拉别针的时候，系里派她爸爸在父亲节那天来做这项工作。A. awarded奖励；B. employed雇佣；C. assigned分配；D. congratulated祝贺。根据后文“her dad on Father’s Day to do the job”指派她爸爸在父亲节那天来做这项工作。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不知道自己要别上别针的是谁，当他看到女儿从车里出来参加仪式时，他感到很震惊。A. delighted高兴的；B. willing愿意的；C. shocked震惊的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“surprise him”可知，父亲事先不知道，所以是震惊的。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：车门打开时，高级军官走上前来。A. looked out小心；B. slipped in悄悄进入；C. walked away走开；D. stepped forward走出。根据上文“see his daughter step out of the vehicle”以及后文“he stepped back in disbelief”可知，女儿从车里出来，高级军官要上前别别针。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当新来的女警察从车里出来时，他难以置信地往后退了一步。A. exited退出，出来；B. drove驾驶；C. checked检查；D. fueled加燃料。根据上文“see his daughter step out of the vehicle”指新来的女警察从车里出来。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管他几乎不能相信发生了什么，他还是为他的女儿感到骄傲。A. barely几乎不；B. peacefully和平地；C. obviously显然；D. eventually最后。根据上文“he stepped back in disbelief”可知，父亲几乎不能相信发生了什么，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的反应和拥抱是值得等待的！A. price价格；B. wait等待；C. risk风险；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“keeping a secret for months”可知，这个秘密保守了好几个月，最后父亲的反应和拥抱表明是值得等待的。故选B。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15 分） 阅读下面短文.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Go is the oldest surviving board game, which has a history nearly as complex as the game ___36___(it). The earliest surviving reference to the game of Go, then known as Yi, is from the historical book Zuo Zhuan, ___37___(write) in the 4th century BCE. Yet it is thought that the game ___38___(date) back far earlier than that. Whatever its origins, Go had gained widespread ___39___(popular) by the time of Confucius and Mencius, who both wrote about the game. It came to be associated with the scholarly classes, which ___40___(consider) one of the four cultivated arts, along with calligraphy, painting, and playing the gu qin at that time. The game, ___41___ objective is to encircle the opponent’s stones and surround the larger area on the board, is played today on a 19×19 grid (网格), and the earliest grid of such specifications can date back ___42___ the Sui dynasty. Still. it wasn’t until Go was introduced to Korea and Japan ___43___ its rules and shape became standardized. It is from Japan that the game spread to the rest of the world. Despite its long history in East Asia, Go didn’t catch on in the west until German engineer Oscar Korschelt published a ___44___(detail) article on it in 1880, after having spent eight years ____45____(work) in Japan. 【答案】36. itself 37 written 38. dates 39. popularity 40. was considered 41. whose 42. to 43. that 44. detailed 45. working 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了围棋在中国以及传播到世界的发展历史，并且介绍了其游戏规则。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：围棋是现存最古老的棋类游戏，其历史几乎和围棋本身一样复杂。根据结构判断此处应该用反身代词作the game的同位语，指游戏本身，所以用反身代词。故填itself。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：现存最早的关于围棋的记载出自公元前4世纪的历史著作《左传》，当时被称为“弈”。在句中有谓语动词is，判断设空处应该填非谓语动词，修饰名词book，作定语，两者之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填written。 【38题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，人们认为这项运动的历史要早得多。在that引导的主语从句中the game是主语，句子缺少谓语动词，date back作谓语时应该用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致的原则判断填动词的第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：不管它的起源是什么，在孔子和孟子的时代，围棋已经得到了广泛的普及，他们都写过关于围棋的文章。句子的谓语是had gained，再根据空前的形容词widespread判断填名词作宾语。故填popularity。 【40题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：它与学术阶层联系在一起，被认为是四大文化艺术之一，与当时的书法、绘画和古琴齐名。根据主句的谓语动词“came”以及后面的时间状语“at that time”判断此处填动词的一般过去时，再根据句意可知，应该填被动形式，因为主语是which，指代Go，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填was considered。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这种游戏的目的是包围对手的棋子并包围棋盘上更大的区域，今天在19×19网格上进行，这种规格的最早网格可以追溯到隋朝。在非限制性定语从句中有名词objective，且和被修饰的先行词game之间存在所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：这种游戏的目的是包围对手的棋子并包围棋盘上更大的区域，今天在19×19网格上进行，这种规格的最早网格可以追溯到隋朝。date back to固定短语，语义为“追溯到……”。故填to。 【43题详解】 考查强调句。句意：然而，直到围棋传入韩国和日本，它的规则和形状才变得标准化。根据结构可知，此句是强调句型it is/was +强调部分+that+其它部分，被强调的部分是“not until Go was introduced to Korea and Japan”。故填that。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管围棋在东亚有着悠久的历史，但直到1880年德国工程师Oscar Korschelt在日本工作了8年后发表了一篇关于围棋的详细文章，它才在西方流行起来。设空处位于名词前，判断应该用形容词形式作定语。故填detailed。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管围棋在东亚有着悠久的历史，但直到1880年德国工程师Oscar Korschelt在日本工作了8年后发表了一篇关于围棋的详细文章，它才在西方流行起来。sb. spend some time doing sth.为固定用法，表示“某人花费时间做某事”。故填working。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校在周五举行了“向洪灾地区 (flood- hit areas) 人民献爱心”的募捐活动，全体师生积极响应，踊跃捐款。请你写一篇报道向英语周报投稿，内容包括： 1. 活动的时间和地点； 2. 活动现场的情况； 3. 你的感想。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 On Friday afternoon, our school held a donation activity for the people in the flood- hit areas in the lecture hall. At the beginning, our headmaster gave a speech, introducing the situation of the disaster- stricken areas and calling on people to show love. All the teachers and students responded positively. Then the school leaders and our teachers came forward and put money into the donation box one by one. And the student representatives walked onto the platform and donated the money on behalf of each class. It was full of love and warmth at the activity site. Through this activity, all the people present got inspired, believing if united, any difficulty can be overcome. 【解析】 【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生写一篇报道介绍学校举行的“向洪灾地区人民献爱心”的募捐活动，并向英语周报投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 活动：activity→event 呼吁：call on→appeal to 表达：show→express 鼓舞：inspired→encouraged 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：At the beginning, our headmaster gave a speech, introducing the situation of the disaster-stricken areas and calling on people to show love. 拓展句：At the beginning, our headmaster gave a speech, in which he introduced the situation of the disaster-stricken areas and called on people to show love. 【点睛】[高分句型1]At the beginning, our headmaster gave a speech, introducing the situation of the disaster-stricken areas and calling on people to show love.(运用了现在分词作伴随状语) [高分句型2]Through this activity, all the people present got inspired, believing if united, any difficulty can be overcome.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句的省略) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My brother and I set off shortly after sunrise. The air was cool, but I knew that wouldn’t last long. I’d chosen this hike for a hot day like today so that we’d climb down into a redrock canyon (峡谷) , where we would swim in a pool and camp by a picturesque waterfall. I knew it wouldn’t be an easy hike, though. I’d researched and planned for weeks, knowing climbing down into the canyon is challenging. About a mile in, the trail started to dip down to the river and the footing became steep (陡峭的) . After repeated slips on the loose ground, my brother decided to turn back to the car. Unwilling to give up on my plan so soon and remembering there was another car where we parked, I believed there was someone else going to the canyon. So I chose to continue alone. He gave me the bag which contained food and water. Then we decided to meet up at the car the next day. After another mile or so, the river came into view below me, but the trail became less obvious. I chose to go down along a bush-covered slope (斜坡) . As soon as I began hiking down, though, I realized the ground was much looser than I’d thought. I decided to climb back up and find another way. I tried to pull myself up, but, unfortunately, the rock I was standing on broke beneath me. My face struck earth first. I was rolling with my bag, dirt and red sandstone flying beneath me as I picked up speed. I was going to die, I thought. Then I fell flat on my back, my head hitting on a baseball-size stone. To my surprise, I was alive, but everything hurt. After lying in confusion for a few moments, I tried to look around. One of my eyes was already swollen shut, and through the other, the world spun around me. I could hardly move my left hand, and my right ankle hurt terribly. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Fighting my unsteady vision, I pulled out my phone, only to find there was no service. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It had been about 2 hours since my fall when I heard the sound of several people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Fighting my unsteady vision, I pulled out my phone, only to find there was no service. That was too bad. Now I noticed I’d landed in the canyon bottom about 20 feet from the river’s edge. My bag was lying not far from me. Gathering my strength, I dragged myself to the river to clean myself and then used some tree branches to create a spot of shade, knowing the temperature would climb above 100°F later on. With my injuries, there was no way I could get myself up and out of the canyon. I could do nothing but wait. It had been about 2 hours since my fall when I heard the sound of several people. They were hikers. They must be the owners of the car. Then I spotted a family of three picking their way down the canyon wall. “Help!” I screamed. The father rushed to my side and I told him what had happened. Shortly after his wife and daughter arrived, the man turned and ran off to call for help. I was luckily rescued and sent to hospital for treatment. The lesson I drew from this lucky survival is that you should never ever hike alone to an unfamiliar destination. 【解析】 【导语】本文以作者和他的兄弟徒步红岩峡谷的经历为线索展开，讲述了他们在日出后不久出发，计划在一个炎热的天气里进入峡谷探险。然而，随着路况变得陡峭，兄弟俩产生了分歧，最终分道扬镳。作者选择独自继续探险，但在尝试攀爬过程中遭遇了意外事故，导致全身受伤。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“强忍着不稳定的视力，我拿出手机，却发现没有信号。”可知，第一段可描写作者受伤的程度以及当时的困境。 ②由第二段首句内容“从我摔下来大约两个小时后，我听到了几个人的声音。”可知，第二段可描写作者被其他人救援过程以及自己的感悟。 2. 续写线索：没有信号——处境困难——等待救援——遇到其他旅行者——获救——感悟 3. 词汇激活 行类 ①注意到：notice/take notice of/spot ②收集：gather/collect ③救援：rescue/save 情绪类 ①幸运地：luckily/fortunately 【点睛】[高分句型1]Now I noticed I’d landed in the canyon bottom about 20 feet from the river’s edge.(省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2]The lesson I drew from this lucky survival is that you should never ever hike alone to an unfamiliar destination.(that引导的表语从句) 1-5 BCABC 6-10 ACABC 11-15 CBABC 16-20 ACBAB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$