2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接五种基本句型课件

英语基本句式结构 分析句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。 主要成分 主语 S(subject） 谓语 V（verb） 宾语 O(object) 表语 P(Predicative) 定语 A(attributive) 状语 A(adverbial) 宾语补足语 C(object complement) 主语：“动作发出者”或“表述的对象”,一般位于句首。 1.Mary’s hair is beautiful 2.We are not going to Beijing next week. 3.A billion is not a big deal for John. 4.To break up is their final decision. 5.Dancing is my favourite. 6.What she has is just money. 7.There is a bridge over the river. 明规则：充当主语的可以是：名词、代词、数词也可以是不定式（短语）、动名词和从句。 There be…句型比较特殊，主语位置在中间 谓语：“陈述主语的状态”或“主语发出的动作” ，说明主语所做的动作或所处的状态，放在主语之后。 谓语 简单谓语：由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成 复合谓语： 情态动词，助动词+动词 （教材P4）：I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. 系动词+表语: I feel anxious in front of you. 1.She likes painting. 2.My boss stayed up late yesterday. 宾语：动作的承受者,一般放在动词或介词后 1.She likes playing basketball. 2.I know you. 3.He chose me monitor of the class. 4.I want to fight with ten of them. 5.Nobody knows who can win the game. 明规则：充当宾语可以是：名词、代词、直接宾语和间接宾语、数词或从句 表语：说明主语的身份、特征和状态，放在系动词后 1.I’m a student at senior high school. 2.She is anxious. 3.He is number one. 4.Mary’s hobby is swimming. 5.My plan is to find a job this month. 6.Everything is under control. 明规则：作表语的可以是名词、形容词、数词、现在分词、不定式和介词短语等。 定语 ：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句都称为定语。定语在所修饰的词前就是前置定语，反之，则为后置定语。 形容词作定语 （教材P4）： He even told us a funny story… 数词做定语 I have two girlfriends. 介词短语做定语 The girl in pink is my daughter. 名词做定语 I have a pencil box. 副词做定语 The iPad there is mine. 不定式做定语 The boy to take the ball is my son. 分词做定语 The boy left is my friend. 从句做定语 He is the teacher who teaches us math. 状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫做状语。状语传递的信息包括：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等，其使用的目的就是使表达更为丰满、具体。 从句做状语 （教材P5）She did not feel confident at all when she arrived. 如果明天有空的话，我会去看你。 (条件状语)分词做状语 Given time, he will be a good dancer. 只要给时间，他会成为一个优秀的舞者。 名词做状语 I will love you heart and soul. 我会全心全意地爱你。 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作或状态，放在宾语后 不定式做宾补 （教材P4）I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet. 名词做宾补 They elected me the president.他们选我当总统。 形容词做宾补 I find learning to drive easy.我发现学车简单。 副词做宾补 My wife locked me out. 我妻子把我关出来了。 现在分词做宾补 I smell something burning in the kitchen.我闻见厨房的烧焦味了。 过去分词做宾补 I find my son seated in the corner.我发现我儿子坐在角落里。 二、基本句式结构 1.主谓结构（SV）：主语+谓语 常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The boy’s dream 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. A Chinese painting exhibition 7. They flies. rose. came true. laughed. laughed? will take place. talked for half an hour. 明规则： 1.此类句型谓语动词是不及物动词（短语），后不能直接接宾语。 2.常见的不及物动词（短语）：rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, appear, work, come true等。 2. 主谓宾（SVO）:主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 Ｓ Ｖ （及物动词） O 1. He 2. The students 3. Tony 4. He 5. John said knew shouldn’t give up refused said “Good evening”. the answer. studying. to answer the question. that he could speak Chinese. 明规则： 1.此类句型谓语动词是及物动词（短语），一般有被动语态。 2.用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。 3. 主系表（SVP）:主语+系动词+表语 Ｓ Ｖ （系动词） P 1. He 2. Your story 3. Tony’s face 4. Her baby 5. My mother’s advice 6. My father’s hope is sounds turned fell is is a doctor. good. red. asleep soon. of great help. that I can go home frequently. 明规则： 1.此类句型谓语动词是系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。 2.表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。 常见的系动词 be动词 :am /is/are 感官系动词：sound/look/smell/taste/feel 变化系动词：become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run 持续系动词：remain/keep/hold/stay 表象系动词：seem/appear/look等 4. 主谓宾宾（SVIODO）:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 Ｓ Ｖ IO DO 1. Lily 2. He 3. Mary 4. I gives lent showed told me me me him a bag. that book. how to go to the mall. that the bus was late. 明规则： 1.此类句型谓语动词是及物动词（短语），后跟双宾语，指人为间接宾语，指物为直接宾语。 2.通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。 I hope you can tell me the truth. =I hope you can tell the truth to me. 注意：通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，但间接宾语前需用介词to或for。 用介词to的常见动词有： give, tell, teach, write, lend, show, pay, order等。 用介词for的常见动词有： buy, fetch, save, choose, sing等。 5. 主谓宾宾补（SVOC）:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 Ｓ Ｖ O C 1. We 2. He 3. I 4. Mum keep made saw asked the classroom the them me clean. girl laugh. getting on the bus. to go to sleep early. 明规则：该句式 可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语来充当。 该句式常用语以下三类动词 1.使役动词：keep/make/let/have/leave/get等 2.感官动词或短语：see/watch/notice/observe/find/catch/look at/listen to/hear/feel/smell等 3.ask/tell/order/permit/request/persuade等 $$