高二英语上学期第一次月考(北京卷)-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

绝密★考试结束前 2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 It was an unexpected call for Aranza Delgado from the shelter, Peewee’s Pet Adoption World, 800 miles away in Texas. She was so pleasantly 1 when learning her dog “Puppies” was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago. Since he was 2 , the shelter called the chip company and got the name and telephone number of his 3 . However, Aranza had a limited window of time, and could only come to pick up Puppies one week later. Ernie Cochran, a volunteer of the shelter, replied that they were more than 4 to provide the dog with a place to stay for several more days. “If we can get a dog back to his family, it’s a wonderful thing,” thought Ernie. Ernie and the other locals teamed up with a plan to get Puppies back home as 5 as possible. “Everybody has been amazing, from the shelter to the people who are helping me transport Puppies,” Aranza told Kris News. She was happy to be 6 with her old friend soon. “I didn’t 7 how friendly everybody in Texas was and how helpful they’ve been. I’ve had a lot of 8 . Actually, the lady that I’ve been in contact with is picking Puppies up tomorrow and she’s going to 9 him overnight and then will send him back home.” Although she may never completely know what Puppies went through during the four years, Aranza hopes that her story 10 the kindness of Texans. 1．A．surprised B．encouraged C．informed D．amused 2．A．found B．adopted C．chipped D．abandoned 3．A．owner B．shelter C．rescuer D．center 4．A．grateful B．willing C．excited D．patient 5．A．recently B．secretly C．early D．urgently 6．A．connected B．reunited C．associated D．concerned 7．A．understand B．forget C．admit D．realize 8．A．requests B．troubles C．regrets D．messages 9．A．leave B．keep C．feed D．see 10．A．repays B．deserves C．inspires D．highlights 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse 11 (learn) or ignore what is said because of who the speaker is. it is true that we cannot help 12 (dislike) some people. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people 13 (base) on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but it has not been proved 14 there are people who really have photographic memories. Yet, there are some people who do have 15 (amaze) memories. For example, Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi (π) and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it in a helicopter. They are both good 16 remembering particular things for a limited time. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Most gardeners will probably say gardening 17 (be) good for you. According to a study, people who garden have a 18 (healthy) diet, get more exercise, and feel less stress. Researchers studied the benefits of gardening in shared community gardens 19 people work together. They suggest gardening may reduce stress because it exposes people to nature, while community gardens also provide 20 (chance) for social interaction. Therefore, they hope the results will encourage doctors and government leaders to regard community gardens as a vital part of the public health system. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program. The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty. What are we looking for? You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum. You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work. What are we offering you? We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world. How to apply? Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply. 21．The JPA program helps the young ______. A．graduate with high honors B．find solid and well-paid jobs C．get entry-level work experience D．challenge their senior workmates 22．What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program? A．Age 28 or under. B．Superb technology skills. C．Having a master’s degree. D．Fluency in English and Latin. 23．What will the World Bank offer? A．A two-year contract with welfare. B．Interviews with general managers. C．Positions in applicants’ hometowns. D．Analytical and research skills training. B With the drugs that she created, Getrade Elion achieved her life’s mission: to relieving human suffering. Beyond the individual drugs she discovered, she pioneered a now, more scientific approach to drug development that forever changed medical research. When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path. At age 19, with a degree in chemistry, she looked for work. She took jobs as a secretary, a chemistry teacher, and an unpaid worker in a lab. Finally, in 1944, Elion found the job of her dreams, assisting George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, a drug company. Hitchings and Elion gave up the traditional trial-and-error approach to drug development, in favor of a scientific approach. Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease. Elion’s first major discovery was a substance that disrupts the formation of leukaemia cells. But the effect failed to last long. Elion determined to find a way to make the effects of her drug last longer. Elion’s final major breakthrough was in the development of the drug acyclovir. Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body. However, through tireless efforts, the drug Elion’s team developed could be used to fight many diseases. Elion’s name appears on 45 patents for life-saving and life-changing drugs. Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development. As a result, although she died in 1999 at the age of 81, Gertrude Elion is still saving lives. 24．What inspired Elion to go into medical research? A．Her grandfather’s death. B．Her teaching experience. C．A drug company’s influence. D．George Hitching’s encouragement. 25．What was the key to stopping disease according to Elion? A．Finding a poisonous substance to kill viruses. B．Quickening the speed of growth of all cells. C．Preventing the formation of bacteria. D．Removing tissues attacked by bacteria. 26．What did other scientists think of the drug acyclovir at first? A．It should be put into use immediately. B．It might be harmful to human bodies. C．It could only have short-term effects. D．It could be used to fight many diseases 27．Why did Elion win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A．She pioneered a new way of developing drugs. B．She discovered a life-saving drug. C．She obtained 45 patents. D．She adopted a trial-and-error approach in medical research C If you’ re reaching for the last piece of pizza at a party, and meanwhile see another hand going for it, your next move probably depends on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister — you might just grab the pizza. Your boss — you probably will give up. But if you’re hungry and feeling particularly confident, you might go for it. Now researchers have made progress in understanding how mammals’ brain encodes social rank and uses this information to shape behaviours — such as whether to fight for that last pizza slice. They discovered that an area of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was responsible for representing social rank in mammals; changes to a mouse’s mPFC affect its dominance (支配) behaviour. But it was unknown how the mPFC represented this information and which neurons (神经元) were involved in changing dominance behaviour. In the new study, Professor Kay Tye let groups of four mice share a cage, allowing a social hierarchy (等级) to naturally develop — some mice became more dominant and others more subordinate. As soon as the mice were paired up, he discovered, the activity of their mPFC neurons could predict — with 90 percent certainty — the rank of their opponent. “We expected animals might only signal rank when they are in a competition,” says co-researcher Nancy. “But it turns out animals walk around with this representation of social rank all the time.” When the researchers next asked whether the activity of the mPFC neurons was associated with behaviour, they found something surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviour, such as how fast a mouse moved, and they also could predict — a full 30 seconds before the competition started — which mouse would win the food reward. The winner was not always the more dominant, but the one engaged in a “winning mindset”. Just as you might sometimes be in a more competitive mood and be more likely to snatch that pizza slice before your boss, a subordinate mouse might be in a more “winning mindset” than a more dominant mouse and end up winning. The areas of the mPFC associated with social rank and “winning mindset” are next to one another and highly connected. Signals on social rank impact the state of the brain involved in “winning mindset”. In other words, a subordinate mouse’s confidence and “winning mindset” may partially decrease when faced with a dominant one. “This is further evidence to suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with others compared to when we’re alone,” says Tye. “Regardless of who you’re with, if you’re aware of other people around you, your brain is using different neurons.” 28．The author writes Paragraph 1 in order to ________. A．tell an interesting story B．present a typical example C．introduce a major topic D．provide a convincing proof 29．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The mPFC neurons. B．The researchers. C．The brain activity patterns. D．The changes in behaviour. 30．What can we learn from the new study? A．mPFC neurons change dominance behaviour. B．Brain activities can influence social hierarchy. C．Dominant opponents boost “winning mindset”. D．Social rank and “winning mindset” affect behaviour. 31．What can we infer from the passage? A．Those eager to win may succeed. B．When alone, we are more confident. C．Social rank guides competitive behaviour. D．“Winning mindset” establishes dominance. D Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will willingly keep it on. They can remove it, if one becomes annoying. But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself. The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift (漂流) rather than polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice drifts in Hudson Bay are unique; there are no easily accessible on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets. The team compared the removed collars’ movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay — as well as the overall extent of drift. Over the course of several months the model could diverge (偏离) from an ice sheet’s location by a few hundred kilometers, the scientists say. This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had assumed, “Since we’re underestimating the speed of drift, we’re likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears,” says Ron Togunov, who led the study. The study reveals timely insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in coming years, such ice will likely become more common farther north, in the central Arctic, says Andy Mahoney, a geophysicist at the University of Alaska, who was not involved in the study. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, Mahoney says, but “any time we can find a data gap and plug it is a good thing.” Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist. The findings may even influence future NSIDC models. “It'’s a really nice data set.” Meier says. “And certainly one we’ll take under consideration.” 32．What can a GPS tracking collar do? A．Measure the depth of ice sheet. B．Capture the movement of ice. C．Describe the melting speed of ice. D．Record the emotional state of bears. 33．What can we learn about the collar data? A．It shows the ice moves more slowly from its original location. B．It may reveal polar bears are not so energetic as before. C．It indicates the ice is more likely to move south in the central Arctic. D．It can help predict the location of some pollutants in seas. 34．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Data Tells a Different Story B．Wild Polar Bears’ Signaling C．Insights into a Puzzling Aspect D．Ice Is Taken under Consideration 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 I work at a community library. Many people are under the assumption that public libraries are no longer needed because of the Internet. Nothing could be further from the truth. 35 A simple Internet search for “cats” produces approximately 2. 98 billion results in less than one second. It is a huge number! How do you even begin to sort through all of those results? We hear so much about “false news”. 36 Librarians are there to help. They have been trained, through special classes and workshops, to sort through all of the results and find credible sources. Author Neil Gaiman said, “Google can bring you back 100, 000 answers. A librarian can bring you back the right one.” 37 It helps connect people with the resources they need to find a job, continue their education, and learn new skills. It helps seniors find the resources they need to keep up with the “modern” world. It helps new parents develop a love for literacy in their children and bond with them. It helps local artists and craftsmen display their work. It helps students find the answers to those seemingly impossible homework questions. It allows people to meet and exchange ideas. Libraries are so much more than books and information. Yes, there are public computers, Internet access, movies, music, programs and a thousand other things. 38 They are places where people feel safe and welcomed. They are places where someone who has limited resources can freely access materials and equipment they wouldn’t otherwise be able to. They can, at times, be a harbor for someone who needs a quiet place to work or study. Some of the best memories of my childhood involve going to the local library and in speaking with many others in the neighborhood, they too have those same memories. They are presently making those same memories with their children and their grandchildren. 39 I don’t see the Internet doing that. A．We don’t know what sources to trust. B．The public library helps people better their lives. C．The importance of library staff comes to the surface. D．However, libraries’ meaning and relevance goes even beyond that. E．The public library brings people together to build a strong community. F．In fact, it is because of the Internet that public libraries are needed now more than ever. G．Every day children, students and adults use libraries to learn, grow and achieve their dreams. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Mobile Translators Not that long ago, portable(便携的) translation devices were only commonplace in works of science fiction. Travelers who headed to foreign countries took dictionaries or phrasebooks with them. But now people can access instant translation services almost anywhere they go. Online translations are free, and when you use translation apps like Google Translate or iTranslate, sometimes you don’t even have to look things up! Just point your phone’s camera at some text, and a translation instantly appears. If you want to translate something being said aloud, just turn on your phone’s microphone. Some apps even have a conversation mode where you take turns speaking with someone in a different language. Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language. But these apps are far from perfect. Sometimes a translation makes no sense, and you can only guess what it mainly means. Other times, you might not know that the translation has failed until you try it on a native speaker. Although these apps are not perfect, you’ll still feel surprised when considering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. You might not appreciate how advanced modern translation systems are! Translators use machine learning to compare millions of examples of human translated texts. That information helps the program reproduce more natural sounding translations based on real-world examples. People can flag incorrect or unhelpful translations and suggest better ones. This input is then used to make future translations better. With programs like Google Translate, it can be hard to get good translations for single words because most words have multiple meanings. It’s better to try short sentences that provide context instead. But make the sentence straightforward. Anything too complicated or idiomatic will likely produce unusual results. As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids for exploring and understanding the world around you. 40．How do the translation apps make foreign travel easier than before? 41．Please explain the underlined sentence in your own words. 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Mobile translators use machine to process words, so the author worries about the efficient application of the translators in the future. 43．Please briefly write out what benefits mobile translators bring to you. (about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高二(1)班学生李华，你校将在下周五举办“校园环境日”(Campus Green Living Day)系列活动，请给你在中国留学的英国朋友Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加。邮件的内容包括： 1.介绍你选择的活动内容： 2.说明参加该活动的理由； 3.询问是否愿意参加该活动。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 参考答案： 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．D 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了善良的德州人帮助Aranza找到丢了4年的狗狗，并把它送回Aranza身边的感人故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她得知她四年前失踪的狗“Puppies”被路人捡到时，她感到非常惊讶。A. surprised惊讶的；B. encouraged受到鼓舞的；C. informed有见识的；D. amused被逗乐的。根据上文“an unexpected call”和“her dog ‘Puppies’ was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago”可知，得知丢了4年的狗狗被找到，对于狗主人Aranza来说这是一件令人惊讶的事情。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为它被植入了芯片，收容所打电话给芯片公司，得到了它主人的名字和电话号码。A. found发现；B. adopted收养；C. chipped给植入芯片；D. abandoned抛弃。根据下文“the shelter called the chip company”可推知，狗狗被植入了芯片，所以收容所通过芯片公司找到了它的主人。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它被植入了芯片，收容所打电话给芯片公司，得到了它主人的名字和电话号码。A. owner主人；B. shelter收容所；C. rescuer救助者；D. center中心。根据上文“It was an unexpected call for Aranza Delgado from the shelter”和“She was so pleasantly 1　when learning her dog “Puppies” was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago.”可知，收容所的电话打给了狗的主人，所以收容所找到的是狗主人的电话。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：收容所的志愿者厄尼·科克伦回复说，他们非常愿意为这只狗提供一个地方，让它多住几天的。A. grateful感激的；B. willing乐意的；C. excited激动的；D. patient耐心的。根据“Aranza had a limited window of time, and could only come to pick up Puppies one week later”和最后一段“the kindness of Texans”可推知，在得知Aranza要几周后才有时间去接狗狗时，善良的德州人Ernie肯定是愿意(willing)多照顾狗狗几天的。故选B项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：厄尼和其他当地人一起计划尽快把小狗们带回家。A. recently最近；B. secretly秘密地；C. early提早，早；D. urgently迫切地。根据上文“If we can get a dog back to his family, it’s a wonderful thing”可知，Ernie会想办法尽可能快地把狗狗送还主人，as early as possible意为“尽可能早”。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴很快就能与老朋友重逢了。A. connected连接；B. reunited团聚；C. associated联想；D. concerned使忧虑。根据上文“Ernie and the other locals teamed up with a plan to get Puppies back home as 　5　 as possible.”可知，Ernie正在想办法尽可能快地把狗狗送还Aranza，所以她很快就会和老朋友，Puppies，团聚了。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有忘记在德州的每个人都是多么的友好，他们是多么的乐于助人。A. understand理解；B. forget忘记；C. admit承认；D. realize意识到。根据语境可知，Aranza得到了德州人的帮助，所以她没有会记住他们的友善。故选B项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了很多信息。A. requests要求；B. troubles麻烦；C. regrets懊悔；D. messages信息。根据下文“Actually, the lady that I’ve been in contact with is picking Puppies up tomorrow and she’s going to　9　 him overnight and then will send him back home.”可知，这是Aranza得到的狗狗回家途中的最新信息。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我一直在联系的那位女士明天会去接小狗，然后照顾它一晚上，再把它送回家。A. leave离开；B. keep饲养，留下；C. feed喂；D. see看见。根据“overnight”可知，这位女士会让小狗寄宿一晚。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然她可能永远也不会完全知道小狗们在这四年里经历了什么，但阿兰莎希望她的故事能凸显出德州人的善良。A. repays回报；B. deserves值得；C. inspires激励；D. highlights突显。根据上文可知，善良的德州人帮助Aranza找到丢了4年的狗狗并送回她身边，所以她想用这个故事来证明、来展示德州人的善良。故选D项。 11．to learn 12．disliking 13．based 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了很多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会，但是主动学习者会将信息与信息提供者分开。 11．考查动词不定式。句意：他们因为说说话人或作家的身份而拒绝学习或护士他们所说的内容。refuse to do sth为固定短语，表示“拒绝做某事”，故填to refuse。 12．考查动名词。句意：的确，我们难免会不喜欢某些人，毕竟这是人类的天性。can’t help doing sth为固定短语，表示“禁不住做某事，”故填disliking。 13．考查介词。句意：主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人，而是将信息与信息提供者分开。be based on为固定短语，表示“根据，基于”，故填based。 14．whether 15．amazing 16．at 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述虽然不知道是否真的有人有照片记忆，但确实有一些人的记忆力超群。 14．考查主语从句。句意：一个有照片记忆的人可以在多年后记住一张照片、一本书或一件事的每一个细节，但尚未证明是否有人真的有照片记忆。分析句子结构和意思可知，it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文需要“是否”的意思，所以用连词whether引导。故填whether。 15．考查形容词。句意：然而，也有一些人确实有令人惊讶的记忆。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词amazing，意为“令人吃惊的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词memories。故填amazing。 16．考查介词。句意：他们都很擅长在有限的时间内记住特定的事情。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be good at，意为“擅长”。故填at。 17．is 18．healthier 19．where 20．chances 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了园艺的好处，并倡导医生和政府领导人将社区花园视为公共卫生系统的重要组成部分。 17．考查一般现在时。句意：大多数园丁可能会说园艺对你有好处。根据下文语境可知，文章论述的是现在的一般情况，所以要用一般现在时；分析句子成分和句子结构可知，say的后面为省略了引导词that的宾语从句；分析宾语从句句子成分可知，句子主语为动名词gardening，单个动名词作主语时看作单数，所以be动词要用is。故填is。 18．考查形容词比较级。句意：据一项研究，喜欢园艺的人饮食更健康，锻炼更多，压力更小。根据设空后的并列连词and以及比较级more和less可知，设空句在作比较，所以设空处也要用比较级。故填healthier。 19．考查定语从句。根据句意可知，设空后的句子对前面的名词gardens起着修饰限定作用，所以这是一个定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分可知，先行词为gardens，作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。故填where。 20．考查名词复数。句意：他们认为，园艺可以减轻压力，因为它可以让人们接触大自然，而社区花园也提供了社交互动的机会。chance为可数名词，且前面没有限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填chances。 21．C 22．A 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍JPA项目的招聘要求，项目提供的内容和如何申请加入JPA项目。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. (JPA项目是一个独特的机会，可以获得入门级的专业经验，并直接接触国际开发的挑战和回报。)”可知，JPA项目可以帮助年轻人获得入门级工作经验。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据What are we looking for?中的“You should be 28 years of age or younger.(你的年龄应该在28岁或以下。)” 可知获得JPA项目资格的必要条件是年龄要在28岁或以下，故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据What are we offering you? 中的“We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits.(我们将为您提供在一流开发机构获得入门级专业经验的机会，合同为期两年，并附带福利。)”可知世界银行将提供一份为期两年的合同并附带福利。故选A。 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gertrude Elion的生平事迹及其在药物研发领域的重大贡献。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path.(Elion15岁的时候，她的祖父痛苦地死于癌症。这段经历决定了她的职业道路。)”可知，祖父的去世激励Elion从事医学研究。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease.(从所有细胞都需要核酸来繁殖的认识出发，他们推断，快速生长的细菌需要更多的核酸来保持生长的速度。找到一种方法来破坏它们的生命周期，你就找到了一种方法来阻止疾病。)”可知，根据Elion的说法，阻止疾病的关键是阻止细菌的形成。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body.(科学家们对发明药物对抗病毒表示怀疑：任何能杀死病毒的物质对人体都是有毒的。)”可知，其他科学家一开始担心阿昔洛韦可能对人体有害。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development.(虽然Elion的个人发现意义重大，但当她在1988年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖时，并不是因为一种特定的药物，而是因为一种新的、更合理的药物开发方法。)”可知，Elion会获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖是因为她开创了一种开发药物的新方法。故选A。 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员对大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域如何参与改变支配行为的研究，得出结论：处于“胜利心态”的人更容易成为具有统治力的人，并且mPFC神经元改变支配行为。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you’ re reaching for the last piece of pizza at a party, and meanwhile see another hand going for it, your next move probably depends on how you feel and whom the hand belongs to. Your little sister—you might just grab the pizza. Your boss—you probably will give up. But if you’re hungry and feeling particularly confident, you might go for it. (如果你在派对上伸手去拿最后一块披萨，同时看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行动可能取决于你的感觉以及那只手属于谁。你妹妹——你可能就去拿披萨。你的老板——你可能会放弃。但是如果你饿了并且感觉特别自信，你可能会去拿披萨。)”，结合之后文章提出大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域负责代表哺乳动物的社会地位，可知作者写第一段是为了引出一个主要话题。故选C。 29．词句猜测题。根据第五段“When the researchers next asked whether the activity of the mPFC neurons was associated with behaviour, they found something surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviour, such as how fast a mouse moved, and they also could predict—a full 30 seconds before the competition started—which mouse would win the food reward. (当研究人员再次询问mPFC神经元的活动是否与行为有关时，他们发现了一些令人惊讶的事情。大脑活动模式与行为的轻微变化有关，例如老鼠移动的速度，它们还可以在比赛开始前整整30秒预测哪只老鼠会赢得食物奖励。)”，可知研究人员发现大脑活动模式与行为密切相关，划线部分的“they”指的是大脑活动模式。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The areas of the mPFC associated with social rank and “winning mindset” are next to one another and highly connected. Signals on social rank impact the state of the brain involved in “winning mindset”. In other words, a subordinate mouse’s confidence and “winning mindset” may partially decrease when faced with a dominant one. ( mPFC中与社会地位和“获胜心态”相关的区域彼此相邻，高度相关。社会等级的信号会影响“获胜心态”的大脑状态。换句话说，当面对占优势的老鼠时，从属老鼠的信心和“获胜心态”可能会部分下降。)”，可知社会地位和获胜心态可能会影响心态，从而影响行为。故选D。 31．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The winner was not always the more dominant, but the one engaged in a “winning mindset”. Just as you might sometimes be in a more competitive mood and be more likely to snatch that pizza slice before your boss, a subordinate mouse might be in a more “winning mindset” than a more dominant mouse and end up winning.. (胜利者并不总是更具统治力的人，而是处于“胜利心态”的人。正如你有时可能处于一种更具竞争性的情绪中，更有可能在老板面前抢走那块披萨一样，处于从属地位的老鼠可能比更具统治力的老鼠处于更“胜利的心态”，并最终获胜。)”，可知胜利者不一定是统治者，而是处于“胜利心态”的人，也就是说那些渴望胜利的人可能会成功。故选A。 32．B 33．D 34．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了GPS跟踪项圈能捕获冰层的运动，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself.(但是科学家们现在发现了一种方法，可以利用掉下来的项圈发出的信号来追踪冰层本身)”和第二段关键句“The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift (漂流) rather than polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015.(科学家们发现了20个项圈，这些项圈传递的运动数据与2005年至2015年间的冰层漂流一致，而不是北极熊的运动)”可知，这些掉下来的GPS跟踪项圈可以发出信号来追踪冰层本身，能够传递冰层运动的数据。由此可知，GPS跟踪项圈能捕获冰的运动。故选B项。 33．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist.(此外，NSIDC的一位高级研究科学家Walt Meier说，这样的数据可以改进关于溢油或其他污染物如何在布满浮冰的海洋中扩散的预测)”可知， GPS跟踪项圈捕获的数据可以帮助预测海洋中一些污染物的位置。故选D项。 34．主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合第三段关键句“The team compared the removed collars’ movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay — as well as the overall extent of drift.(研究小组将移除的项圈的运动与美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）广泛使用的冰漂移建模数据进行了比较。项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围)”可知，GPS跟踪项圈捕获的数据与NSIDC模型的数据不相符，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知。“Data Tells a Different Story”意为“数据说明了另一种情况”能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。 35．F 36．A 37．B 38．D 39．E 【分析】本文是一片议论文，主要通过作者自己的经历来说明公共图书馆不可取代。 35．根据上文，Nothing could be further from the truth.这个（观点）离谱得很。作者不同意上面的观点，继而表明自己的观点：事实上，就是因为网络，公共图书馆才比以往更被需要。故选F项。 36．根据上文We hear so much about “false news”.我们听到那么多“错误的新闻”，再根据下文Librarians are there to help.图书管理员可以帮助我们。可知，我们在网络上会获得很多信息，但是我们不知道这些信息是否准确，但是我们可以到公共图书馆去，那里的信息来源很可信。故选A项。 37．根据下文It helps connect people with the resources they need to find a job, continue their education, and learn new skills.它帮助人们连接找工作，继续教育以及学习新技能所需要的资源。可知，这一段是表明公共图书馆对人们生活的积极影响，即帮助改善人们的生活，而且放在首句，起中心句的作用。故选B项。 38．根据本段第一句话（中心句）可知，本段的大意是公共图书馆不仅仅只是书本和信息。结合上文Yes, there are public computers, Internet access, movies, music, programs and a thousand other things.确实，那儿有公用电脑，网络联网，电影，音乐，节目以及其他好多东西，结合下文They are places where people feel safe and welcomed.他们也是让人们感到安全，感到受欢迎的地方。上文讲的是有形的方面，下文将无形的方面，中间缺少一个过渡，表明公共图书馆不仅仅是有形的，他们的意义和关联性不仅仅如此。故选D项。 39．根据上文Some of the best memories of my childhood involve going to the local library and in speaking with many others in the neighborhood, they too have those same memories. They are presently making those same memories with their children and their grandchildren.我童年时期的一些最好的回忆涉及的是去公共图书馆，并且跟附近的许多人闲谈，那些人也有（跟我一样的）回忆。他们现在也在跟他们的后代创造类似的回忆。可知，公共图书馆连接了人与人之间的关系。故选E项。 40．They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don't speak your language. 41．The high level at which the modern translation systems are developing is beyond your imagination. / You can’t imagine how developed and advanced the modern translation systems are. 42．Mobile translators use machine to process words, so the author worries about the efficient application of the translators in the future. In the last paragraph, the author says “As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding”, so we can see the author holds an optimistic attitude towards the translators’ future. 43．言之有理即可 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了移动翻译设备带来的积极影响，表达了作者对于移动翻译未来的乐观态度。 40．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language.（翻译应用程序让出国旅行比以前更容易了。当涉及到与与你语言不通的出租车司机或酒店员工交流时，它们很有价值。）”可知，当涉及到与与你语言不通的出租车司机或酒店员工交流时，它们很有价值，因此使国外旅行比以前更容易。故答案为They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don't speak your language.。 41．句意猜测题。根据文章第四段“Although these apps are not perfect, you’ll still feel surprised when considering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. You might not appreciate how advanced modern translation systems are!（尽管这些应用程序并不完美，但当你考虑到应用程序表面下发生的事情时，你仍然会感到惊讶。你可能不知道现代翻译系统有多先进!）”可知，划线句表示现代翻译系统的先进超出想象。故答案为The high level at which the modern translation systems are developing is beyond your imagination. / You can’t imagine how developed and advanced the modern translation systems are.。 42．推理判断题。题目陈述“Mobile translators use machine to process words, so the author worries about the efficient application of the translators in the future.（移动翻译人员使用机器进行文字处理，因此笔者对未来翻译人员的高效应用表示担忧。）”表示笔者对未来翻译的高效的担忧。根据文章最后一段“As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding（随着人们继续使用翻译服务，翻译将会得到改善。有一天，你可能不必担心一个糟糕的翻译导致尴尬的误解。）”可知，作者对未来翻译服务持积极态度，陈述与文章不符。故答案为Mobile translators use machine to process words, so the author worries about the efficient application of the translators in the future. In the last paragraph, the author says “As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding”, so we can see the author holds an optimistic attitude towards the translators’ future.。 43．开放题。根据文章第二段“Just point your phone’s camera at some text, and a translation instantly appears.（只要把手机的摄像头对准某个文本，翻译就会立即出现。）”，文章第三段“Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before.（翻译应用程序让出国旅行比以前更容易了。）”等均为移动翻译所带来的好处，考生可以用自己话进行概括，言之有理即可。 44．Dear Jim How are you going these days? Knowing that you’re concerned about campus environment, I’m delighted to tell you that a variety of activities themed “campus Green Living Day” will be held in our school next Friday. So, I am writing to invite you to join us. The activity that I am going to take part in is called “Rubbish Classification”. As you know, rubbish is an unavoidable part of our life. Large amounts of rubbish, such as leftover food, waste paper and used plastic bottles are produced every day. However, dealing with rubbish has always been a big headache and rubbish is becoming a major environmental problem in our school. So it is time that rubbish classification should be practiced. By classifying rubbish, we can recycle useful materials, save resources and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, rubbish classification is a scientific and effective way to manage rubbish. I hope we can do our part together. Come and join us! I’m looking forward to your participation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Yours,                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Li Hua 【分析】本篇书面表达是书信，属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Jim写信，告诉他自己在下周五“校园环境日”选择参加的活动，以及选择该活动的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 关心：care about→ be concerned about 各种各样： various→ a variety of                    参加：take part in→ take part in 许多：a lot of→ large amounts of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：By classifying rubbish, we can recycle useful materials, save resources and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, rubbish classification is a scientific and effective way to manage rubbish. 拓展句：By classifying rubbish, we can recycle useful materials, save resources and reduce environmental pollution，which is a scientific and effective way to manage rubbish. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you’re concerned about campus environment, I’m delighted to tell you that a variety of activities themed “campus Green Living Day” will be held in our school next Friday. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] The activity that I am going to take part in is called “Rubbish Classification”. (运用了that引导的定语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$