高一英语上学期第一次月考(北京卷)-2024-2025学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

绝密★考试结束前 2024-2025学年高一上学期第一次月考（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car 1 them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree. As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The 2 had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. 3 , but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to 4 themselves, Norwood ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran 5 and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She 6 Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I 7 my CPR certificate yesterday.” She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No 8 . And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had 9 ! Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t 10 ,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.” 1．A．stopped B．hit C．guided D．passed 2．A．impact B．symbol C．weight D．gravity 3．A．Relaxed B．Shaken C．Amazed D．Embarrassed 4．A．free B．defeat C．meet D．protect 5．A．back B．around C．forward D．outside 6．A．pushed B．rolled C．drove D．dragged 7．A．lost B．tested C．earned D．provided 8．A．trouble B．response C．preparation D．exception 9．A．begun B．finished C．failed D．worked 10．A．calm B．upset C．surprised D．nervous 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A I grew up in the countryside of Poland. It’s an area where skiing is popular, but my family was poor. I couldn’t afford to ride the ski lift (送滑雪者的吊椅), 11 I used to hike up to K2 with the skis on my back. It turned out that this was good practice. K2 is nicknamed “savage (野蛮的) mountain”. You hear unfortunate 12 (story): For every four people who ever reach the summit, one 13 (lose)his life. I was too afraid to even think about skiing down it. Even the best ski mountaineers thought it impossible. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Life style is the way a person lives. It’s a way of life, or a style of living. Your attitudes, beliefs, and desires and even your values and principles all contribute to the forming of your lifestyle. Some people prefer to follow a way of living 14 is adopted by the larger part of the society, while some, to be different from the others, force their way to create their unique lifestyles. An ideal lifestyle guides you 15 (live) in a certain way that is beneficial and helpful. It also protects you 16 dangers and helps you to choose the right path and do the right things so that you’re happy. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain 17 had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and 18 (catch) in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she 19 (see) a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs (悬崖). On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found 20 (her) in hospital. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 1234 PENS is your No. 1 source for promotional pens, advertising pens, and logo pens. We have been in business since 1976, so you can be confident that you’re dealing with a trusted name in the industry. Everyone loves a free pen, and by providing your customers with a pen featuring your company name, logo, or message, you can be sure that your company name will always be on their mind! Our custom imprinting service comes at no extra charge, so the price you see is the price you pay for the personalized pens. ★ Do you need pens fast? In a RUSH for trade shows or a corporate event? Try our 48 hour promotional pens rush service free of charge. We present you with many styles and types of printed pen. Let us know which promotional pen you like and within 48 hours you will have the pens. ★ Want to use the traditional method of promotional pens to reach out to customers, but don’t want to cause more damage to the environment? 1234 PENS now offers eco-friendly advertising pens to suit any company’s promotional needs. 1234 PENS can confidently offer products which are made from eco-friendly materials, including paper, cardboard, cornstarch, pine, bamboo and even recycled plastic water bottles. 1234 PENS offers a selection of eco-friendly retractable and stick-type ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils and highlighters, all for less than $2.00 each. Imprinting of logos and corporate information is available in sixteen different colors. Each pen has the universal recycling symbol printed on it, showing clients the company’s commitment to the environment. Feel free to call us at 8447367 or email us info@1234PENS.com if you have any questions. 21．What do we know about 1234 PENS? A．It has its name printed on each pen. B．It has a history of over 40 years. C．It has built up a large pen market. D．It charges a low price for extra service. 22．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3? A．The different types of the products. B．The high quality of the products. C．The trade shows of 1234 PENS. D．The quick service of 1234 PENS. 23．The main purpose of the passage is to __________. A．introduce the different services of 1234 PENS B．explain the process of making logo pens C．persuade people to order the products D．show people how to choose different pens B Every time the holiday season approaches, my agony begins. Shall I go to Rome, Paris, the Andes, or Brighton beach? There is no lack of places, the difficulty is, shall I ever be able to decide? It is December now, but no sooner is Christmas over than the advertisements, the brochures, the Special Offers will start dropping through my letter-box. The media—television, radio, the newspapers—will be doing their best to attract me and my money, to lure me far-off places with high-sounding names or cozy farmhouses in the Cotswolds or steamer trips down the Rhine. The trouble is always that bewildering. Psychology, too, will play its part. In case I am one of the those who feel guilty when I am lazy, I shall receive too many offers from travel agencies and associations of all kinds to improve my physique by hill-climbing, playing golf, surf-riding and a host of other activities. On the other hand, if I feel educationally at a disadvantage, I shall no doubt receive pressing invitations from Summer Schools to improve myself, study languages, ancient civilizations, lectures on music, drama, stamp-collecting. As a modest shorthand typist who spends her days pounding a typewriter in a quiet office, I’m afraid I shall become more and more distracted by these delights, more and more unable to choose. Fortunately I shall not have to decide this year. I have just received notice of an increase in my rent and rates. Unless I get a rise in salary, it seems highly likely that I shall not be able to afford to go to anywhere. 24．What is the author’s “agony” when the holiday season approaches? A．She can never make up her mind to decide where to go. B．She doesn’t know how to deal with the advertisements. C．She has to spend more money on rent and rates. D．She hasn’t had enough money to do anything. 25．What do we learn about the author’s job? A．Well-paid. B．Professional. C．Permanent. D．Comfortable. 26．Why does the author feel lucky this year? A．She has no interest in any advertisements and offers. B．She will have a good rest at home because of her hard work. C．She doesn’t worry about being blamed by any travel agencies. D．She needn’t care about any holiday attractions for lack of money. 27．We can learn from the passage that the author _______________. A．is expecting a rise in salary to pay for her daily life B．often feels ashamed to reject various holiday offers C．usually shows great interest in educational activities D．has travelled some famous places like Rome and Paris C Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages—more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using at the time? Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue. In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch? Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one. Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity. An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood. There’s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. 28．What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．What contributes to one’s language improvements? B．Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language? C．Does the language one uses influence one’s moral judgments? D．How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language? 29．When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to ______. A．care less about the five people B．pull the switch to the side tracks C．remain hesitant about what to do D．sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge 30．The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______. A．consideration B．guidance C．selection D．arrangement 31．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Bilingual people are less emotional than others. B．Native language learning involves greater emotions. C．Childhood memories limit foreign language learning. D．Academic settings promote foreign language learning. D Teaming up with AI First the robots came for our jobs. Now they’re coming for our hobbies. Google’s DeepMind AI has been busy the past few years, creating programs to take on human players across a variety of games. In 2016 its AlphaGo beat the best Go player in the world. Earlier this year, its AlphaStar defeated two middle — tier players at the popular online game StarCraft II. Now it’s learning to win at multiplayer games. “Artificially intelligent agents are getting better and better at two-player games, but most real-world endeavors (努力) require teamwork,” DeepMind’s researchers wrote in a paper published in Science in June. To be sure, computers have been proving their dominance over humans in one-on-one turn-based games such as chess ever since IBM’s Deep Blue beat Russian chess master Garry Kasparov in 1997. However, successfully using teamwork to win in multiplayer games with complex environments was difficult to achieve. For this purpose, DeepMind’s researchers designed AI agents that taught themselves how to play first-person game Quake III Arena. The team, led by Maz Jaderberg, worked on a modified version of Quake III Arena. The game mode they chose was “Capture the Flag”. All the players must work together to steal the other team’s flag while safeguarding their own. The AI agents “trained” with 12 hours of game data, then matched up against professional game testers. The AI won 75 percent of the time, even when its reaction time artificially slowed down to human levels and when their aiming ability was similarly reduced. And in order to make improvements, the programmers used various kinds of “rewards” to help the AI players weigh their goals and actions to help them cooperate in the teamwork. They also used randomized maps for each new match. “That meant the solutions that the agents find have to be general — they cannot just memorize a sequence of actions,” said co-author Wojciech Czarnecki. The only time humans were able to beat the AI agents was when they teamed up together. A team of one human and one AI agent had a five percent greater win possibility than a team of just AI agents. Ethan Gach said at the video game news website Kotaku, “It suggests that the AI program is able to play with non-AI teammates.” In the near future, AI may cooperate with human beings in some other fields, such as medicine and other branches of science. 32．What might be the most difficult task for AI agents in multiplayer games? A．Understanding the rules. B．Cooperating with other players C．Memorizing complex actions. D．Increasing reaction speed. 33．How did the researchers of Google’s DeepMind train AI agents? A．They put them through different games. B．They gave various “punishments” when AI agents lost the games. C．They made AI agents team up with non-professional human players. D．They limited the time for AI agents to complete difficult tasks. 34．What does Gach mean in the last paragraph? A．AI players perform better than humans in a team game. B．AI programs should be offered more game data. C．AI players are able to do well with human players. D．AI programs have been successfully put into use in medicine. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Some students get so nervous before a test. 35 Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when they worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources (资源). Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test. 36 They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test. Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. 37 Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated (不相关的) to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not. “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. 38 ” But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? 39 A．They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests. B．Researchers asked students to direct their attention from the test. C．The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. D．But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. E．They do poorly even if they know the material. F．It doesn’t matter where we write about our worries before an exam. G．Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home r in the library. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and-most urgent of all-the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover. Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations I’d set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short. But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intent, my thoughts began to shift. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant-until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I’m a nice person. It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear. When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. Over time, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values. Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students. Take a moment and think of a value you hold dear, whether it’s kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home. 40．How did the author feel when she compared her to-do list with her got-done list? 41．What is values affirmation? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more 43．Apart from speaking out positive words, what else could you do to feel better about yourself? (In about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．你叫李华，是某中学高一的新生。请用英语给你的美国笔友Jim写一封信，介绍你的高一学习生活情况。信中应包括以下内容： 1.早晚的作息安排。2.课程及课余活动。3.你的感受。 注意：1.信件的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数; 2.词数：100左右。 Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, a Senior One student. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 参考答案： 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在一场车祸后Norwood如何镇定自若利用所学的急救知识勇敢援救朋友Simmons的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们到达一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的汽车撞上了他们。A. stopped停止；B. hit撞击；C. guided指导；D. passed通过。根据下文“Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，一辆车撞上了他们，致使她们的车驶进另一个院子，撞到了树上。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：碰撞使得Norwood驾驶员这侧的车门塌陷，将门卡住了。 A. impact碰撞；B. symbol象征；C. weight重量；D. gravity重力。根据上文“As they reached a crossroads, a black car 　　1　　 them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，Norwood的车遭受了撞击，驾驶员这侧的门塌陷被卡住了。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恐惧的然而在别的方面还是可以的，她从窗户爬了出去。A. Relaxed放松的；B. Shaken恐惧的；C. Amazed惊奇的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted,‘It’s about to blow up! Get out!’”可知，汽车遭到撞击，即将爆炸，因此推断Norwood是恐惧的。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norwood和她的两个朋友，也设法自己逃了出来，一起逃命。A. free使摆脱；使自由；B. defeat打败；C. meet遇见；D. protect保护。根据上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life”可知，Norwood和这两个朋友一起逃命，说明朋友也成功自救。who引导定语从句，指代two of her friends，此处说的是朋友成功自救。free oneself“解脱；使自己自由”符合语境。故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她跑回去发现Simmons在后座上，昏迷不醒。A. back向后；B. around在周围；C. forward向前；D. outside在外边。根据上文“she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them”和下文“found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious”可知，Norwood发现Simmons没有和她们一起逃生，于是跑回去发现了后座上昏迷的Simmons。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmons拽到安全的地方，然后把她放在地上。A. pushed推动；B. rolled滚动；C. drove开车；D. dragged拖拽。根据下文“laid her on the ground”可知，Norwood把Simmons从车里拽了出来。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天获得了心肺复苏术证书。A. lost失去；B. tested测验；C. earned赢得；获得；D. provided提供。根据上文“That’s when I started CPR.”以及Fortunately可知，Norwood开始给Simmons做心肺复苏，幸运的是，昨天她获得了心肺复苏术证书，可以实施心肺复苏。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有回应。A. trouble麻烦；B. response回复；C. preparation准备；D. exception例外。根据上文“She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.( 她开始按压她朋友的胸膛，往朋友的嘴里吹气，希望能用生命的吻填满她的肺。)”和下文“then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.( 然后，经过30次按压和两次急救呼吸后，Simmons恢复了意识)”可知，开始做心肺复苏时，Simmons没有回应，又经过努力按压和两次急救呼吸后，她才恢复意识。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心肺复苏术起作用了。A. begun开始；B. finished完成；C. failed失败；D. worked起作用。根据上文“Simmons regained consciousness”可知，Simmons恢复了意识，说明心肺复苏术起作用了。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我并不感到惊讶，”Simmons说“她总是会尽力帮助。” A. calm镇静的；B. upset不安的；C. surprised惊奇的；    D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“She will always help any way she can.”可知，Simmons对于Norwood会挽救她的生命，因此她知道她总是会尽力提供帮助。故选C。 11．so 12．stories 13．loses 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的童年经历。 11．考查连词。句意：我负担不起滑雪缆车的费用，所以我过去常常背着滑雪板徒步到K2。分析句子，设空处使用连词，连接前后两个句子。此处表示因果关系，后一句为前句的结构。故填so。 12．考查名词。句意：你会听到不幸的故事：每四个人登上顶峰，就会有一个人失去生命。句中使用名词作宾语。story意为“故事”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填stories。 13．考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处描述的是客观事实，故使用一般现在时。lose为动词，意为“失去”，主语为第三人称单数one，谓语动词也应该用第三人称单数。故填loses。 14．that/which 15．to live 16．from 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是生活方式以及理想的生活方式是什么。 14．考查定语从句。句意：有些人喜欢遵循一种被社会大部分人采用的生活方式，而有些人为了与别人不同，用自己的方式创造自己独特的生活方式。定语从句修饰先行词way，从句缺少，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：理想的生活方式引导你以一种有益的、有帮助的方式生活。短语guide sb. to do sth.表示“引导某人做某事”。故填to live。 16．考查介词。句意：它也保护你远离危险，帮助你选择正确的道路，做正确的事情，让你快乐。短语protect from表示“保护……远离”。故填from。 17．what 18．was caught 19．saw 20．herself 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女孩乘船偶遇暴风雨的个人经历。 17．考查宾语从句。句意：差不多一个星期过去了，女孩才能够解释发生在她身上的事情。分析句子，设空处置于动词explain之后，引导的是宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 18．考查时态语态。句意：一天下午，她乘一艘小船从海岸出发，被困在暴风雨中。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，与and之前的set out构成并列，即使用一般过去时。同时，she与catch之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。be caught in意为“被困住，陷于……”。故填was caught。 19．考查动词。句意：第二天一早，她看到前方有一盏灯。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处描述过去发生的动作故使用一般过去时。故填saw。 20．考查代词。句意：一天后醒来时，她发现自己在医院里。分析句子，宾语和主语所指相同，宾语应用反身代词，此处表示“她自己”，故填herself。 21．B 22．D 23．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇广告介绍生产广告笔的1234 PENS公司，包括公司的简介，生产的笔的功能和优点，希望人们订购他们的产品。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“1234 PENS is your No. 1 source for promotional pens, advertising pens, and logo pens. We have been in business since 1976, so you can be confident that you’re dealing with a trusted name in the industry.(1234 PENS是您的第一大促销笔、广告笔和标志笔来源。我们自1976年以来一直在经营，因此您可以放心，您正在与行业中值得信赖的品牌打交道)”可知，1234 PENS有40多年的历史了。故选B。 22．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容特别是最后一句“Let us know which promotional pen you like and within 48 hours you will have the pens.(让我们知道你喜欢哪种促销笔，在48小时内你就会拿到这些笔)”可知，这段讲的是1234 PENS 的快捷服务。故选D。 23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章是一则广告，介绍生产广告笔的1234 PENS公司，包括公司的简介，生产的笔的功能和优点，目的是希望人们订购他们的产品，故选C。 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在假期时总面临各种度假选择，十分痛苦，而今年因为房租涨价，作者不需要再担心这个问题。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every time the holiday season approaches, my agony begins. Shall I go to Rome, Paris, the Andes, or Brighton beach? There is no lack of places, the difficulty is, shall I ever be able to decide?(每当假期临近，我的痛苦就开始了。我是去罗马、巴黎、安第斯山脉还是布莱顿海滩？不缺地方，问题是，我能决定吗？)”可知，当假期临近时，作者的“痛苦”是她总是拿不定主意去哪里。故选A。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As a modest shorthand typist who spends her days pounding a typewriter in a quiet office, I’m afraid I shall become more and more distracted by these delights, more and more unable to choose. (作为一个低调的速记打字员，每天都在安静的办公室里敲击着打字机，我担心自己会越来越被这些乐趣分心，越来越无法做出选择)”可推知，作者的工作是专业的。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fortunately I shall not have to decide this year. I have just received notice of an increase in my rent and rates. Unless I get a rise in salary, it seems highly likely that I shall not be able to afford to go to anywhere. (幸运的是，我今年不必做出决定。我刚收到房租上涨的通知。除非给我加薪，否则我很可能哪儿也去不起)”可知，作者觉得今年很幸运因为她没钱，不需要担心去旅游的事情。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fortunately I shall not have to decide this year. I have just received notice of an increase in my rent and rates. Unless I get a rise in salary, it seems highly likely that I shall not be able to afford to go to anywhere. (幸运的是，我今年不必做出决定。我刚收到房租上涨的通知。除非给我加薪，否则我很可能哪儿也去不起)”可知，作者希望加薪以支付日常生活费用。故选A。 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据文章第四段But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加了他们将牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。分别与D选择项中的sacrifice和 footbridge分别对应。故选D。 30．词义猜测题。根据文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. 母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. 后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。所以说，母语学习包含更多的情感。故选B。 【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出deliberation的含义，就是文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑，从而推测出deliberation为“深思熟虑”之意。 32．B 33．A 34．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能如何适应团队作战并取得胜利。 32．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, successfully using teamwork to win in multiplayer games with complex environments was difficult to achieve.(然而，在复杂环境的多人游戏中，成功地利用团队合作赢得胜利是很难实现的)”可知，在多人游戏中对于人工智能代理最困难的任务是与他人合作。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据第七段中“The AI agents ‘trained’ with 12 hours of game data, then matched up against professional game testers.(人工智能代理使用12个小时的游戏数据进行‘训练’，然后与专业游戏测试人员进行匹配)”和第八段“And in order to make improvements, the programmers used various kinds of ‘rewards’ to help the AI players weigh their goals and actions to help them cooperate in the teamwork. They also used randomized maps for each new match.(为了进行改进，程序员使用各种‘奖励’来帮助AI玩家权衡他们的目标和行动，从而帮助他们在团队合作中进行合作。他们还为每一场新比赛使用随机地图)”可知，人工智能代理用12小时的游戏数据“训练”，然后与专业的游戏测试员匹配，程序员使用各种各样的奖励来帮助AI玩家权衡目标和行动来实现团队合作，还为每一场新比赛使用随机地图。由此可知，研究者利用各种不同的游戏来训练人工智能代理。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ethan Gach说的话“It suggests that the AI program is able to play with non-AI teammates.(这表明人工智能程序能够与非人工智能队友一起玩)”可推知，Ethan Gach的意思是人工智能玩家能够与人类玩家进行良好的合作。故选C。 35．E 36．C 37．D 38．A 39．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对紧张考试的学生的研究。研究表明，考试前表现出高度紧张的学生，写下担忧的事情可以减轻他们的焦虑并提高他们的考试成绩。这项干预可以帮助这部分学生克服他们的考试焦虑并提高他们的表现。如果学生没有机会在考试前写下他们的担忧，那么也可以尝试在平时减少考试压力。 35．根据前文“Some students get so nervous before a test. (有些学生在考试前非常紧张。)”以及后文“The students start worrying about the results.( 学生们开始担心考试结果。)”可知，此处强调的是学生们考试前非常紧张。E选项“They do poorly even if they know the material.(即使他们知道材料，他们也做得很差。)”承接前文，指出即使学生们知道考试材料，依旧会在考试前非常紧张，符合语境。故选E。 36．根据前文“Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.(贝洛克教授和另一位研究员赫拉尔多·拉米雷斯(Gerardo Ramirez)提出了一种可能的解决方案。考试前，高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧。)”可知，此处提出了解决学生焦虑的一种方案即考试前，让高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧。C选项“The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students.(研究人员在一组20名焦虑的大学生身上测试了这个想法。)”中的the idea指代前文的让高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧，形成呼应。故选C。 37．根据前文“Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. (贝洛克教授说，那些安静地坐着的学生在第二次测试中的平均得分要低12%。)”可知，为了解决学生焦虑的一种方案即考试前，让高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧，那些安静地坐着的学生在第二次测试中的平均得分要低12%，设空处应该强调那些在第二次考试前写下自己紧张恐惧的学生们的成绩如何，由此形成对比，印证前文研究者们提出的方法。D选项“But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.(但是那些写下自己恐惧的学生的成绩平均提高了5%。)”与前文形成对比，指出那些在在第二次考试前写下自己恐惧的学生的成绩平均提高了5%，符合语境。故选D。 38．根据前文“What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. (我们发现，对于那些考试焦虑的学生，那些接受了写作干预的学生，突然之间，考试焦虑和表现之间没有任何关系。)”可知，此处描述了经过写作干预后，考试焦虑和成绩之间没有任何关系，设空处应该指出具体的研究结果。A选项“They were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these tests.(他们的表现和那些在这些测试中通常不紧张的同学一样好。)”指出，经过写作干预之后，那些焦虑学生的表现和这些测试中通常不紧张的同学一样好，承接前文，强调写作干预的作用，符合语境。故选A。 39．根据前文“But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? (但是，如果学生没有机会在考试前立即写下他们的恐惧呢？)”可知，此处提出如果没有机会在考试前立即写下他们的恐惧的问题，后文应该就此问题进行回答。G选项“Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home r in the library.(贝洛克教授说，学生们可以在家或在图书馆自己尝试。)”指出，学生们可以在考试前，在家或者图书馆自己尝试写出自己的恐惧和焦虑，符合语境。故选G。 40．She felt disappointed. 41．It is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear. 42．People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. People who switch to a wide-angle view that includes their resources and opportunities, instead of focusing on their shortfalls, are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. 43．Apart from speaking out positive words, There are something else I could do to feel better about myself, for example, be with the people who often praise me for my outlook, my behaviour and my characters and achieve the goal set before on time, because they will make me become confident about myself. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从自身经历出发。论述了肯定自我的重要性。 40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short.(一次又一次，当我把我的待办事项清单和我的已完成事项清单进行比较时，我感到失望，因为我没有达到目标)”可知，当作者将她的待办事项清单与已完成事项清单进行比较时，她感到很失望。故答案为She felt disappointed. 41．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear.(事实证明，这种做法有一个专业术语：价值观肯定。归根结底，就是认识并加强你最珍视的个人价值观)”可知，价值观的肯定是指是认识到并加强你最珍视的个人价值观。故答案为It is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear. 42．考查推理判断。根据文章第六段“When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.(当你肯定一个核心的个人价值时，你就支撑了你的自我价值感。你开阔了视野：你不再只关注自己的缺点，而是从更广阔的角度看待自己的资源和机会。这样做的人更快乐，更健康，更有希望)”可知，当人们不再关注自己的不足的时候才会感到更快乐，更健康，更有希望。故答案为People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. People who switch to a wide-angle view that includes their resources and opportunities, instead of focusing on their shortfalls, are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. 43．开放性试题。本题主要让介绍自己感觉自己更好的方法，可以从很多角度答题，符合常理即可。如经常听到别人的赞美，按时达成目标等都能使人从内到外散发自信。故答案为Apart from speaking out positive words, There are something else I could do to feel better about myself, for example, be with the people who often praise me for my outlook, my behaviour and my characters and achieve the goal set before on time, because they will make me become confident about myself. 44．Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, a Senior One student.I’d like to tell you something about the lifestyle of our Senior One students. Every day we’re very busy.We have more subjects than we did in junior high school.With more subjects to learn, we have more homework to do. Of all the subjects we enjoy the computer lessons most. We have lessons from Monday to Friday, and we spend a long time at school. Every morning we arrive at school at 7:00 and leave school at 5:30 in the afternoon.In my opinion, it’s really a pity that we have to start such a stressful life in Senior One. Though our life is busy, we still have time to relax. The boys enjoy playing basketball, while many of the girls relax by playing ping-pong. What about your life? Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你叫李华，是某中学高一的新生。请用英语给你的美国笔友Jim写一封信，介绍你的高一学习生活情况。信中应包括以下内容：1.早晚的作息安排。2.课程及课余活动。3.你的感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 忙碌的：be busy→bustle about 喜欢：enjoy→be keen on 到达：arrive→reach 我认为：in my opinion→as far as I'm concerned 2.句式拓展 句式升级 原句：Though our life is busy, we still have time to relax. 拓展句：Busy as our life is, we still have time to relax. 【点睛】【高级句型1】In my opinion, it’s really a pity that we have to start such a stressful life in Senior One.(运用了that引导主语从句) 【高级句型2】Though our life is busy, we still have time to relax.(运用了状语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$